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Key Information

Alberto Toscano (born 1 January 1977) is an Italian cultural critic, social theorist, philosopher, and translator. He has translated the work of Alain Badiou, including Badiou's The Century and Logics of Worlds. He served as both editor and translator of Badiou's Theoretical Writings and On Beckett.

Work

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Toscano was born in Moscow, Russian SFSR, USSR, on 1 January 1977. He studied philosophy at the Eugene Lang College, New School for Social Research, where he received his BA Liberal Arts in 1997. He received his MA in Continental Philosophy at the University College Dublin in 1999. He then went on to pursue a PhD in philosophy at the University of Warwick, which he completed in 2003.[1]

Toscano works across critical social theory and philosophy. His current research is divided into three main strands:[1]

His work has been described both as an investigation of the persistence of the idea of communism in contemporary thought and a genealogical inquiry into the concept of fanaticism.[2] He is the author of The Theatre of Production (2006), and his book Fanaticism: On the Uses of an Idea was published in 2010. Toscano has published on contemporary philosophy, politics and social theory. In an article on the Tarnac 9 case, written for The Guardian in December 2009,[3] Toscano argues that society is losing its ability to distinguish between vandalism and terrorism.

Formerly Reader in Sociology at Goldsmiths, University of London, Toscano is currently Adjunct Professor at the School of Communication, Simon Fraser University.[4] He is a member of the editorial board of the journal Historical Materialism: Research in Critical Marxist Theory. According to Alex Callinicos this journal "has been one of the main drivers of the academic revival of Marxism" [5] since the mid-1990s. Toscano is also the series editor of The Italian List for Seagull Books.[6][7]

Selected bibliography

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Film appearances

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See also

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References

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Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Alberto Toscano

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Alberto Toscano is a critical theorist and academic specializing in , , and the intersections of , , and capitalist .
Currently serving as Term Research Associate Professor at Simon Fraser University's School of Communication and co-director of the Centre for Philosophy and Critical Thought at , Toscano has translated key texts by philosophers such as and authored influential works including Fanaticism: On the Uses of an Idea (Verso, 2010), which examines the historical and political deployments of fanaticism as a , and Late Fascism: Race, and the of (Verso, 2023), analyzing contemporary tendencies amid racial and economic disruptions.
His scholarship, grounded in Marxist traditions and continental philosophy, critiques the persistence of revolutionary ideas in post- contexts while addressing the causal links between geopolitical shifts, racial hierarchies, and neoliberal breakdowns, often drawing on empirical historical analysis over ideological narratives.

Early Life and Education

Birth and Upbringing

Alberto Toscano is described as an Italian philosopher in academic and intellectual discussions of his work. Publicly available biographical materials, including profiles from institutions such as , and , do not provide specific details on his date or place of birth, family background, or formative early experiences. These sources emphasize his later academic trajectory rather than personal history, suggesting that aspects of his upbringing have not been widely shared or documented in scholarly contexts. No verifiable accounts from peer-reviewed publications, official vitae, or primary interviews elaborate on childhood influences, parental occupation, or geographic roots beyond the implication of Italian heritage through his name and thematic engagements with European philosophy.

Academic Formation

Alberto Toscano earned a degree in Liberal Arts from College at for Social Research. He subsequently obtained a in from . Toscano completed his Doctor of Philosophy in at the .

Academic Career

Roles at

Alberto Toscano joined , as a in the Department of , where he taught courses on social and political theory. He advanced to the position of Reader in within the same department, focusing on interdisciplinary approaches to , , and . In addition to his departmental role, Toscano co-directs the Centre for Philosophy and Critical Thought (CPCT), a trans-disciplinary unit established to foster rigorous intellectual dialogue across , , and related fields, with membership drawn from various Goldsmiths departments. Through this position, he has contributed to organizing seminars, events, and research initiatives on topics such as , . By the early 2020s, Toscano held the title of Professor of at Goldsmiths, continuing his emphasis on theoretical inquiries into , , and while maintaining affiliations in . His roles have involved supervising graduate students and collaborating on publications that bridge academic theory with contemporary crises.

Additional Affiliations and Positions

Toscano serves as an in the School of Communication at in , , where his expertise encompasses , , and analyses of and . He also co-directs the Centre for Philosophy and Critical Thought at , a transdisciplinary hub established in 2011 that promotes rigorous inquiry into philosophy, social theory, and political thought through seminars, workshops, and collaborative research involving faculty from , English, and other departments. Beyond academic appointments, Toscano is a member of the editorial board of Historical Materialism: Research in Critical Marxist Theory, a peer-reviewed journal published since 1997 that advances Marxist scholarship on , , and , with contributions from scholars examining capitalism, labor, and revolutionary theory. He additionally edits the Seagull Essays series and serves as series editor for The Italian List at Seagull Books, a Calcutta-based publisher, curating English translations of key Italian texts in , , and criticism, including works by , Franco Fortini, and to highlight their relevance to ongoing debates in , , and .

Intellectual Contributions

Core Philosophical Themes

Alberto Toscano's philosophical work is anchored in and , emphasizing the interplay between , , and political subjectivity within societies. Drawing on Marxist traditions, he critiques how concepts like and serve as diagnostic tools for understanding extremes of commitment and reaction, rather than mere pathologies to be pathologized. His approach privileges empirical historical analysis over abstract moralism, interrogating how philosophical ideas mediate real social contradictions, such as those arising from racial capitalism and economic dislocation. A central theme is the reevaluation of fanaticism not as an irrational deviation from rational belief, but as a philosophical category invoked to contain radical egalitarianism or messianism, particularly in German philosophy from Kant to Hegel. In Fanaticism: On the Uses of an Idea (2010), Toscano argues that the term's deployment demonizes substantive universality—unconditional adherence to principles like equality—by framing it as enthusiasm detached from reason, thereby safeguarding liberal individualism against collective emancipation. This critique extends to contemporary usages, where fanaticism labels anti-capitalist or anti-imperialist fervor, obscuring structural violence. Toscano also explores tragedy and the , viewing them as lenses for grasping the antinomies of , including the persistence of mythic or pre-modern elements in secular politics. Influenced by Italian thinkers like and Franco Fortini, he examines how historical events—such as revolutionary failures or fascist revivals—reveal the limits of progress narratives, advocating for "counter-histories" that recover suppressed militant traditions. In this vein, his analysis of racial integrates anti-colonial perspectives, positing race as a constitutive modality of accumulation and crisis management. In addressing , Toscano shifts from interwar archetypes to "late fascism," a diffuse embedded in neoliberal democracies, fueled by white supremacist anxieties and capitalist decay rather than state . This framework, detailed in Late Fascism (2023), underscores causal links between , migration, and far-right resurgence, rejecting analogies to in favor of rooted in Marxist . Such themes collectively affirm Toscano's commitment to as interventionist, illuminating pathways for transformative praxis amid ideological obfuscation.

Engagement with Marxism and Communism

Toscano's contributions to Marxist thought emphasize philosophical dimensions, particularly the persistence of communist hypotheses in contemporary theory amid the decline of state socialism. In his 2025 book Communism in Philosophy: Essays on Alain Badiou and Toni Negri, he examines the "communist differend" between these thinkers, with essays such as "Communism as Separation," which posits communism as a fidelity to the evental break from capitalist and statist logics, and "Marxism Expatriated," critiquing Badiou's departure from traditional Marxist dialectics toward an ontology of events enabling renewed communist politics. This work frames Marxism not as a fixed doctrine but as a expatriated tradition requiring separation from historical compromises with power. As co-editor of the three-volume The SAGE Handbook of Marxism (2022), Toscano helped compile contributions that map and renew core concepts for analyzing racial , ecology, and digital labor, positioning as a tool for critiquing neoliberal without for Soviet-era models. The handbook advances debates on value theory and class composition, drawing on autonomist and post-workerist strands influenced by thinkers like Negri, while addressing 's adaptation to post-1989 conditions. Toscano has explored communism's ethical and biographical dimensions through engagements with Italian intellectuals. In a 2023 essay "A Communist Life" for New Left Review's , he portrays as a "passion for a common freedom, lived through suffering but oriented towards a joy defying death," intertwining it with philosophy's affirmative capacity against resignation. Similarly, his 2015 piece "Communism Without Guarantees" in Salvage introduces the translated and edited works of Franco Fortini, an Italian Marxist poet and critic active in the PCI () from the 1940s to the 1980s, arguing that enduring demands eschewing providential assurances from history or vanguard parties. In more recent interventions, such as the 2025 Salvage essay "," Toscano links anti-carceral —rooted in critiques of racial —with communist horizons, advocating sequences of revolt that dismantle punitive institutions as steps toward collective , distinct from reformist or immediate communizing tactics. He expresses toward ultra-left communization theories, noting that while Marx observed capital's tendency to generate conditions for (as in Capital Volume 3), direct transitions risk ignoring entrenched material barriers like the state and . These writings reflect a commitment to as speculative fidelity rather than programmatic blueprint, wary of both academic abstraction and voluntarist .

Analysis of Fanaticism and Historical Concepts

Toscano's analysis of centers on its as a term deployed to delegitimize radical political commitments, rather than merely denoting religious excess. In his 2010 book Fanaticism: On the Uses of an Idea, revised in 2017, he argues that the notion of fanaticism emerged as a critique of enthusiastic or unconditional convictions that challenge established orders, often serving to pathologize emancipatory impulses within . He contends that this idea functions as a rhetorical tool in liberal discourse to contrast "reasonable" moderation with purportedly destructive zeal, thereby obscuring the role of fanaticism in driving transformative politics. Toscano traces this usage back to the era, where it was applied to movements like the Anabaptists during the Peasants' War of 1524–1525 in , framing their egalitarian demands as threats to social hierarchy rather than responses to material inequities. Historically, Toscano examines how the concept evolved through Enlightenment thinkers who repurposed religious critiques of "enthusiasm" to target political radicals, such as during the English Civil War and the French Revolution of 1789. He highlights Edmund Burke's 1790 Reflections on the Revolution in France, which portrayed Jacobin fervor as fanatical contagion akin to religious mania, thereby justifying counter-revolutionary violence. This genealogical approach reveals fanaticism not as an inherent psychological defect but as a historically contingent label marshaled against progressive forces, from Puritan millenarianism in the 17th century to 19th-century socialist upheavals. Toscano posits that such designations arise from the "failure to formulate an adequate emancipatory politics," where unmet aspirations for systemic change manifest as apparent extremism, as seen in analyses of Bolshevik commitments post-1917 Russian Revolution. In relation to broader historical concepts, Toscano critiques the psychologization of fanaticism in 20th-century thought, including psychoanalytic interpretations by Freud and political theorists like , who linked it to without addressing underlying causal structures like economic crisis or imperial rivalry. He extends this to contemporary invocations, such as post-9/11 discourses on , arguing that they replicate earlier patterns by evading geopolitical realities in favor of cultural or temperamental explanations. This framework underscores fanaticism's utility in preserving liberalism by discrediting alternatives as irrational, a dynamic Toscano connects to the suppression of anticolonial movements in the mid-20th century, where leaders like were dismissed as embodying pathological violence rather than rational resistance. Ultimately, his analysis rehabilitates fanaticism as a potential site for rethinking political subjectivity, cautioning against its wholesale rejection without interrogating the power relations it conceals.

Publications and Translations

Authored Books and Monographs

Toscano's early monograph, The Theatre of Production: Philosophy and Individuation Between and , was published by in 2006. This work draws on the philosophies of and to analyze concepts of production and . In 2010, Toscano published with , with a second edition appearing in 2017. The book traces the historical and philosophical deployments of the concept of from antiquity to modern political discourse. Co-authored with Jeff Kinkle, Cartographies of the Absolute was released by Zer0 Books in 2015. It employs a cognitive mapping approach to critique representations of global capital, informed by Marxist theory and . Toscano's 2023 publications include Late Fascism: Race, Capitalism and the Politics of Crisis, issued by , which interrogates contemporary fascist tendencies through lenses of race, economics, and crisis politics. That same year, Seagull Books published Terms of Disorder: Keywords for an , a collection of essays re-examining emancipatory concepts amid political upheaval.

Edited Works and Essays

Toscano co-edited the three-volume The SAGE Handbook of Marxism (SAGE, 2022) with Sara Farris, Beverley Skeggs, and Svenja Bromberg, compiling contributions from over 100 scholars on 's historical development, contemporary applications, and interdisciplinary extensions across , , , and . The handbook emphasizes empirical analyses of capitalism's crises and class dynamics, drawing on primary texts while critiquing dilutions in academic interpretations. He served as co-editor for Georges Bataille's Critical Essays, Volume 1: 1944–1948 (Seagull Books, 2022), alongside Benjamin Noys, with translation by Chris Turner; this volume assembles Bataille's postwar review essays from the journal Critique, addressing themes of excess, sovereignty, and non-knowledge through engagements with literature, philosophy, and anthropology. Toscano also co-edited Alain Badiou's Theoretical Writings (Continuum, 2004) with Ray Brassier, selecting and introducing texts that outline Badiou's ontology, set theory, and event-based politics, prioritizing fidelity to mathematical formalism over interpretive relativism. As editor of Seagull Books' The Italian List and Seagull Essays series, Toscano has overseen translations and editions including Andrea Cavalletti's Class (Seagull Books, 2019), which dissects social hierarchy through , and Luigi Pintor's Memories from the Twentieth Century (Seagull Books, translated by Gregory Elliott), reflecting on Italian communism's tactical errors and ideological rigidities. These editorial efforts prioritize primary sources from European radical traditions, countering anglophone distortions by restoring untranslated works' causal contexts in antifascist and anticapitalist struggles. Toscano's essays frequently interrogate fanaticism's historical deployments and communism's philosophical stakes. In "The Ignoble Savage: , and the Anthropological " (2019), he critiques Agambenian frameworks for underemphasizing empirical racial capitalism's role in perpetuating exclusionary myths, advocating first-principles dissection of anthropocentric binaries via colonial archives. Other essays, such as those in , analyze Badiou's and Negri's divergences on party form and multitude, grounding evaluations in verifiable revolutionary sequences like the and Bolshevik tactics rather than speculative abstractions.

Key Translations, Especially of Alain Badiou

Alberto Toscano has been a principal translator of 's works into English, contributing to the dissemination of Badiou's mathematical ontology and evental philosophy in Anglophone academia. His translations emphasize fidelity to Badiou's formal rigor, often involving collaboration with other scholars to handle technical terminology from and logic. One of Toscano's earliest major translations is Handbook of Inaesthetics (2004), where he rendered Badiou's exploration of the intersections between , , , , and , arguing for art's truth-procedure independent of representational norms. In 2007, Toscano translated The Century (original French Le Siècle, 2005), providing not only the English text but also extensive commentary and notes that contextualize Badiou's critique of 20th-century "passion for the real" through historical events like the and atomic bomb. Toscano co-translated Logics of Worlds: Being and Event II (2009) with Ray Brassier, extending Badiou's ontology from the set-theoretic multiplicity of Being and Event to transcendental logics of appearance in worlds, incorporating phenomenology and category theory. He also served as co-editor and translator for Theoretical Writings (2004), compiling Badiou's essays on ontology, mathematics, and politics, with annotations clarifying concepts like the void and the event. Additional translations include Badiou's shorter pieces, such as "Existence and Death" (2002, co-translated with Nina Power), which engages thinkers from Descartes to on finitude and infinity. These efforts have positioned Toscano as a key intermediary for Badiou's influence, though critics note the challenge of conveying Badiou's idiosyncratic style without diluting its polemical edge.

Public and Media Engagements

Film and Documentary Appearances

Toscano appeared as a commentator in the 2011 German documentary , directed by Jason Barker and produced by /, which aired in April 2011. The film explores the contemporary relevance of Karl Marx's ideas amid the global , featuring interviews with philosophers including Toscano, , and others to assess Marxism's applicability to modern . Toscano's contributions focus on philosophical interpretations of Marxist theory, emphasizing its analytical tools for understanding economic and social contradictions. No other verified feature films or major documentaries feature Toscano in a speaking or on-camera role, though he has contributed to analyses of cinematic representations of crises in academic essays, such as co-authoring a survey on films depicting the 2008 financial meltdown.

Interviews and Public Lectures

Toscano has engaged in various exploring his philosophical work on , , and . In a November 2023 interview with Protean Magazine, he discussed the conceptual framework of "late " as outlined in his book, emphasizing its roots in racial and rather than mere . A July 2024 interview in Crisis Critique addressed the persistence of fascist dynamics in contemporary , where Toscano critiqued analogies between historical and modern phenomena while highlighting structural continuities in state violence. In March 2024, he conversed with Evan Calder Williams for e-flux on "late ," focusing on its adaptation to neoliberal crises and the role of in obscuring racial hierarchies. Podcast appearances have further amplified his analyses. On the Hotel Bar Podcast in March 2023, Toscano examined the "long shadow of racial " in U.S. post-2016, distinguishing it from interwar models through its integration with liberal institutions. In a September 2025 episode of The Dig, he and Stuart Schrader analyzed potential escalations in police and military repression under intensified executive power, linking them to fascist precedents in crowd control and racial policing. Other discussions include a July 2023 Below the Radar episode on the historical interplay between and fascism's rise, and a 2024 Foul Freedoms podcast on fascism's transformations across and racial lines. Public lectures have centered on economic and political abstraction. In November 2013, Toscano delivered a lecture at , titled "Landscapes of Capital, Circulation and the State," drawing on filmmakers like to critique spatial abstractions in capitalist . During the November 2020 Theory in Crisis Seminar, he presented on "Fascist Times," interrogating temporal dimensions of fascist amid contemporary emergencies. In May 2021, he contributed to a discussion on "Covid, , Chronic Emergency: Antinomies of the State," extending his earlier work on pandemic governance to ecological and biopolitical antinomies. Recent lectures, such as a February 2024 event on Late Fascism, have revisited racial capitalism's role in sustaining crisis-driven politics. These engagements often occur in academic seminars or online forums, reflecting Toscano's role in bridging with on authoritarian tendencies.

Criticisms and Intellectual Debates

Critiques of Fascism and "Late Fascism" Framework

Toscano's critiques of emphasize its entanglement with racial hierarchies and capitalist crises, drawing on Black radical traditions to argue against reductive comparisons to interwar European models. In a 2020 essay, he contends that U.S. racial engendered a distinct fascist modality, predating and shadowing 20th-century variants, as articulated by thinkers who viewed state violence against Black communities as inherently fascist in structure. This perspective extends to his analysis of post-1960s Black radical theories, which he describes as identifying "incipient fascism" in the escalation of U.S. state repression amid urban uprisings and measures. His 2023 book Late Fascism: Race, Capitalism and the Politics of introduces a framework to interpret contemporary far-right mobilizations not as revivals of classical —characterized by totalitarian command economies and overt —but as "late" iterations adapted to neoliberal conditions. Toscano argues that these phenomena involve fascist "dispositions" persisting within liberal democracies, where right-wing actors appropriate freedoms, deploy racialized narratives, and sustain capitalist inequalities without necessitating full overthrow. He tests century-old theories, including those from , decisionism, and technological mysticism, against present dynamics, rejecting as the defining trait and highlighting 's "scavenger " that eclectically borrows from diverse sources. The "late fascism" concept, as Toscano specifies, functions heuristically rather than as a rigid typology, capturing how capitalist stagnation fosters fascist appeals without the or exceptional states of earlier eras. It incorporates radical critiques that elide liberal antifascism's limitations, urging attention to fascism's prehistories in colonial and racial formations over Eurocentric fixations on Mussolini or Hitler. debates around the framework question its precision in distinguishing fascist tendencies from generic , with some assessments praising its avoidance of alarmism while critiquing potential overextension to non-dictatorial contexts. Toscano's approach thus prioritizes causal links between economic , racial , and political , informing analyses of movements that blend anti-establishment with preservation of market hierarchies.

Challenges to Communist and Anti-Zionist Positions

Toscano's interpretations of communist history and strategy have drawn responses from former adherents of historical communist parties, particularly regarding the legacy of the Italian Communist Party (PCI). In a 2013 letter to The Guardian, a PCI veteran contested two key assertions in Toscano's commentary on Italy's political crisis, arguing that his portrayal undervalued the PCI's post-fascist contributions to democratic institutions and overestimated the viability of radical left alternatives amid electoral fragmentation. The critic maintained that Toscano's dismissal of moderate left formations ignored empirical successes in governance and social policy achieved through PCI-influenced coalitions, such as welfare expansions in the 1970s, which sustained mass support until the party's 1991 dissolution. Within Marxist scholarship, Toscano's efforts to theorize communism's revival—often via Alain Badiou's evental separations or Toni Negri's constituent power—have faced scrutiny for abstraction over practicality. A 2024 review of Late Fascism noted that Toscano's emphasis on racial capitalism's fascist tendencies creates "a big problem" for English-language Marxists like himself, as it struggles to translate philosophical critiques into actionable communist programs amid capitalism's adaptive resilience, evidenced by stagnant union density (around 10% in the UK as of 2023) and failed Occupy-era mobilizations. The reviewer argued this framework risks consigning communism to speculative differends rather than empirical class struggles, echoing broader objections to Badiou-inspired approaches that prioritize fidelity to events over organizational continuity. Toscano's anti-Zionist stance, articulated through analogies between Israel's settler-colonial practices and fascist logics of elimination and mythic sovereignty, has intersected with wider intellectual disputes over historical analogies. Critics in studies contend that such extensions dilute the term's specificity to interwar European movements, where denoted mass-party mobilizations against and , rather than colonial states with parliamentary facades; for instance, Israel's 2023 military budget of $23.4 billion and coalition governance contrast with Mussolini's 1920s . While Toscano's arguments in outlets like invoke Palestinian dispossession data—over 700,000 displaced in 1948 and ongoing settlement expansion averaging 20,000 units annually since 2017—these have prompted counterclaims that framing as inherently fascist overlooks causal factors like Arab rejectionism in 1947 UN partition and security imperatives post-1967, potentially conflating anti-colonial critique with delegitimization of Jewish .

Methodological and Empirical Objections

Critics of Toscano's analytical methods argue that his emphasis on conceptual , drawn from thinkers like Marx and Badiou, often prioritizes philosophical reconstruction over empirical testing, potentially leading to causal overreach in political diagnosis. For example, in extending categories like "real abstraction" to contemporary , Toscano's approach has been faulted for insufficient engagement with quantitative on economic relations, favoring instead qualitative interpretations that assume subsumption without verifying its real-world incidence across sectors. This methodological preference aligns with broader trends in , where empirical is de-emphasized in favor of dialectical reasoning, yet invites objection from those advocating causal realism grounded in observable mechanisms rather than ideal types. Empirical objections surface particularly in Toscano's "late fascism" thesis, where the application of fascist descriptors to modern far-right movements is seen as empirically tenuous absent evidence of parallels in state terror, territorial conquest, or totalitarian mobilization characteristic of 20th-century regimes. Reviewers note that while Toscano adduces racial as a continuity, this overlooks measurable divergences, such as the persistence of electoral pluralism and in purportedly "late fascist" contexts, which undermine claims of qualitative equivalence. Such critiques highlight a reliance on interpretive over dataset-driven comparison, echoing longstanding concerns in about without disconfirmable metrics. The infrequency of these challenges in academic discourse may reflect systemic biases in left-leaning institutions, where theoretical solidarity supplants demands for empirical rigor in anti-fascist analysis.

Recent Developments

Post-2020 Publications and Projects

In 2023, Toscano published Late Fascism: Race, Capitalism and the Politics of Crisis with , a that interrogates twentieth-century theories of to assess their applicability to contemporary authoritarian politics, emphasizing intersections of race, , and dynamics. The work challenges conventional periodizations of by proposing a framework for understanding "late" variants in liberal democracies, drawing on empirical cases of racialized state violence and economic precarity. An excerpt titled "Racial Fascism" appeared in e-flux Journal issue 139, adapting chapter material to analyze persistent racial hierarchies in modern governance. That same year, Toscano released Terms of Disorder: Keywords for an Interregnum, published by Seagull Books on November 1, comprising essays that dissect political lexicon amid perceived transitions between regimes, including terms like , , and extraction. The volume employs conceptual analysis to map ideological shifts post-2008 and amid rising illiberalism, with contributions originally developed for journals and edited collections. Toscano's ongoing projects include Communism in Philosophy: Essays on and Toni Negri, forthcoming from Brill in the Historical Materialism Book Series in May 2025, which compiles and expands his writings on communist thought through engagements with these philosophers' ontologies and political prescriptions. This work builds on his prior translations and commentaries on , focusing on philosophical underpinnings of egalitarian praxis amid empirical failures of historical . Additionally, Toscano continues research into the genealogy of "race war" as a concept in , intersecting with his examinations of and racial .

Ongoing Influences and Responses

Toscano's framework of "late fascism," articulated in his 2023 book Late Fascism: Race, Capitalism and the Politics of Crisis, posits that contemporary authoritarian tendencies emerge not through classical totalitarian structures but via the antagonistic reproduction of amid crises, incorporating liberal and cultural rather than overt . This analysis has influenced discussions on far-right mobilization, emphasizing how such movements exploit freedoms associated with while entrenching hierarchies of race and . By 2025, the volume had accumulated over 120 scholarly citations, reflecting uptake in Marxist and anti-fascist . Academic responses have largely engaged Toscano's thesis within left-oriented frameworks, praising its rejection of reductive analogies to 1930s in favor of a materialist lens on crisis-driven reaction. For instance, a 2024 review in Against the Current highlights its extension of concepts like —drawing from —to interpret modern 's compatibility with market economies. Interviews, such as one in Protean Magazine (November 2023), underscore the book's role in equipping theorists to address 's "real" threat without historical mimicry, influencing pedagogical applications in education on . A March 2024 e-flux conversation further explores "late " as marked by performative cynicism and disavowal, extending its relevance to analyses of political theater in liberal states. Toscano's broader oeuvre, including post-2020 contributions to journals like and Salvage, sustains influence on debates over communism's abolitionist potentials and neoliberalism's intellectual history, with engagements in outlets like framing late fascism as indicative of capitalism's "toxic obsolescence." These responses, predominantly from academic institutions with documented left-leaning biases, prioritize causal links between economic disorder and reactionary politics, though empirical validations beyond ideological circles—such as quantitative assessments of fascist policy continuity—remain sparse.

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  43. https://www.bibliovault.org/BV.book.epl?ISBN=9780857424372
  44. https://seagullbooks.org/products/memories-from-the-twentieth-century
  45. https://research.gold.ac.uk/view/goldsmiths/Toscano=3AAlberto=3A=3A.default.html
  46. https://www.sup.org/books/theory-and-philosophy/handbook-inaesthetics/excerpt/table-contents
  47. https://my-blackout.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/alain-badiou-the-century.pdf
  48. https://www.amazon.com/Logics-Worlds-Being-Event-2/dp/0826494706
  49. https://www.amazon.com/Theoretical-Writings-Contemporary-European-Thinkers/dp/0826461468
  50. https://ninapower.net/2015/12/18/2002-publications/
  51. https://plijournal.com/files/toscano_pli_9.pdf
  52. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1884351/
  53. https://german-documentaries.de/en_EN/films/marx-reloaded.7327
  54. https://www.tvguide.com/movies/marx-reloaded/cast/2030077193/
  55. https://lust-for-life.org/Lust-For-Life/_Textual/JeffKinkle-AlbertoToscano_AnalyzeFilmsAboutFinacialMeldown_FilmingTheCrisis-ASurvey-2011_13pp/JeffKinkle-AlbertoToscano_AnalyzeFilmsAboutFinacialMeldown_FilmingTheCrisis-ASurvey-2011_13pp.pdf
  56. https://www.crisiscritique.org/storage/app/media/2024-07-16/interview-with-alberto-toscano.pdf
  57. https://hotelbarpodcast.com/podcast/episode-86-fascism-with-alberto-toscano/
  58. https://www.thedigradio.com/podcast/fascist-police-state-w-alberto-toscano-and-stuart-schrader/
  59. https://soundcloud.com/sfu_voce/btr-episode-217-alberto-toscano
  60. https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/foul-freedoms-with-alberto-toscano/id1734216731?i=1000708619064
  61. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6GM6FUnt3Eg
  62. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmLUfG5h_no
  63. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_pamp3oi78
  64. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bMvwvlr_YOo
  65. https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/alberto-toscano-long-shadow-racial-fascism/
  66. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb/vol23/iss1/6/
  67. https://www.versobooks.com/products/2627-late-fascism
  68. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewofbooks/2024/02/21/book-review-late-fascism-race-capitalism-and-the-politics-of-crisis-alberto-toscano/
  69. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10714413.2024.2309771
  70. https://threewayfight.org/review-of-alberto-toscanos-late-fascism/
  71. https://www.radicalphilosophy.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/rp217_hayward_toscano.pdf
  72. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/03/political-challenges-italian-french-left
  73. https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/news/the-war-on-gaza-and-israel-s-fascism-debate
  74. https://newleftreview.org/sidecar/posts/undoing-oslo
  75. https://www.jjay.cuny.edu/sites/default/files/2024-09/okaneRealAbstraction.pdf
  76. http://www.sommerakademie.zpk.org/fileadmin/user_upload/2015/PDFs/Reading_list_by_Bassam/Toscano-Open_Secret_Abstraction.pdf
  77. https://www.counterfire.org/article/late-fascism-race-capitalism-and-the-politics-of-crisis-book-review/
  78. https://www.e-flux.com/journal/139/559366/racial-fascism
  79. https://www.amazon.com/Terms-Disorder-Keywords-Interregnum-Seagull/dp/1803091770
  80. https://marxandphilosophy.org.uk/book/21298_terms-of-disorder-keywords-for-an-interregnum/
  81. https://brill.com/display/title/21866?language=en
  82. https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/isbn/9789004523333/html?lang=en
  83. https://againstthecurrent.org/atc230/fascism-as-it-is-now/
  84. https://newleftreview.org/issues/ii140/articles/alberto-toscano-shifting-currents
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