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Alliant Techsystems
Alliant Techsystems
Alliant Techsystems
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Alliant Techsystems Inc. (ATK) was an American aerospace and arms manufacturer headquartered in Arlington County, Virginia. The company operated across 22 states, Puerto Rico, and internationally. ATK revenue in fiscal year 2014 was about US$4.8 billion.

Key Information

On April 29, 2014, ATK announced that it would spin off its Sporting Group and merge its Aerospace and Defense Groups with Orbital Sciences Corporation.[2]

The spinoff of the Sporting Group to create Vista Outdoor and the merger leading to the creation of Orbital ATK were completed on February 9, 2015. The companies began operations as separate entities on February 20, 2015.[3][4] Orbital ATK was bought by Northrop Grumman in 2018.[5]

History

[edit]

ATK was launched as an independent company in 1990 after Honeywell spun off its defense businesses to shareholders. The former Honeywell businesses had supplied defense products and systems to the U.S. and its allies for 50 years, including the first electronic autopilot for the B-17 aircraft's bombing missions during World War II.[6]

In 1995, ATK entered the aerospace market with the acquisition of the Hercules Aerospace Co., a division of Hercules Inc. Since then ATK has become a supplier of aerospace and defense products to the U.S. government and its allies, and to their contractors. It also carries on the manufacture and sale of the Hercules gunpowder lines.

In 2001, ATK acquired Thiokol, renaming it ATK Launch Systems in 2006, though it was still known within the industry by its original name. Thiokol was the sole manufacturer of the reusable Solid Rocket Motor used to launch the NASA Space Shuttle, which is being adapted for NASA's Space Launch System.

Also in 2001, ATK entered the sporting and law enforcement ammunition market with the acquisition of the ammunition businesses of Blount International. This acquisition made ATK the nation's largest manufacturer of ammunition.

In 2009, ATK acquired Eagle Industries and in 2010 ATK acquired Blackhawk Industries Products Group Unlimited, LLC, diversifying into the security and law enforcement market.

On 29 April 2014, ATK announced that its board unanimously approved a plan to create two independent, public companies composed of ATK's current businesses and Orbital Sciences Corporation. ATK spun off its Sporting Group to ATK shareholders on a tax-free basis. The spinoff was immediately followed by an all-stock merger of ATK's Aerospace and Defense Groups with Orbital Sciences; Orbital shareholders received ATK common stock as consideration. The combined company was named Orbital ATK Inc.[7] On October 28, 2014, ATK announced that it would be seeking approval of issuance of shares to Orbital stockholders on December 9.[8]

ATK responded to news of the explosion of a rocket built by Orbital[clarification needed] in an earnings call[when?]. ATK stated it would conduct a "thorough evaluation of any potential implications resulting from the incident, including current operating plans, long-term strategies, and the proposed transaction". ATK also said that it was taking a careful look at its Castor 30XL motor, which is used in the second stage of Orbital's Antares rocket. ATK further noted that the explosion occurred before ignition of the second stage.[9]

On November 17, 2014 ATK stated that its due-diligence assessment of its merger with Orbital Sciences undertaken in response to the failure of Orbital's Antares rocket found that the transaction remained in the best interest of its shareholders. Both firms rescheduled shareholder votes on the merger from December 9, 2014 to January 27, 2015.[10]

The spinoff of the Sporting Group to create Vista Outdoor and the merger leading to the creation of Orbital ATK were completed on February 9, 2015; both companies began operations as separate entities on February 20, 2015.[11][12] Orbital ATK was bought by Northrop Grumman in June 2018.[13]

In July 2022, Northrop CEO Kathy Warden was forced to deny reports that the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) would break up the merger.[5]

Groups

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ATK Aerospace

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A display of ATK rockets

ATK's Aerospace Group covered space, defense and commercial aerospace products and capabilities. The group offered propulsion for space exploration, commercial launch vehicles and strategic and missile defense. ATK Aerospace was headquartered in Magna, Utah.[14]

It also specialized in:

  • Composite structures for military and commercial aircraft
  • Rolls-Royce Trent XWB-97 engine
  • Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II (also known as the Joint Strike Fighter)
  • Integrated satellite systems
  • Satellite components and subsystems
  • Military flares and decoys
  • Space engineering services
  • Propulsion for space exploration, commercial launch vehicles, strategic and missile defines

In November 2010, ATK was selected by NASA for potential contracts in heavy lift launch vehicle systems and other propulsion technologies. In 2012, NASA awarded the company a $50 million contract to complete engineering development and risk reduction tests as part of the Advanced Concept Booster Development for the Space Launch System (SLS).

In April 2014, ATK received a contract from the United Launch Alliance, worth $178 million, to produce composite structures for the United States Air Force's Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle program. ATK will deliver parts for the Atlas V and Delta IV starting in 2014 and continuing into early 2018. There is an option for additional deliveries in 2017 and 2018. ATK will provide fairings, payload adapters and diaphragms, interstages, nose cones, and thermal/aerodynamic protection components. All the structures will be produced at ATK's Large Structures Center of Excellence in Iuka, Mississippi.[15]

ATK produces avionics for NASA's Space Launch System program. The Space Launch System is designed for deep space operations, including missions to Mars.[16] After ATK finishes testing, avionics will be delivered to NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. The first launch is expected in 2017.[17]

Airbus A350 XWB-1000

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Main article: Airbus A350 XWB

ATK produces composite stringers and frames for the Airbus A350 XWB-1000 variant at its facility in Clearfield, Utah. As of 2014, ATK has delivered more than 10,000 components to Airbus.[18]

Boeing 787 Dreamliner

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Main article: Boeing 787 Dreamliner

ATK participated in a consortium to develop a new engine nozzle for the Boeing 787 designed to make its operation more environmentally friendly. The nozzle was made from oxide-oxide ceramic matrix composite (CMC) and tested on the 787 ecoDemonstrator. Boeing's tests show that the nozzle is more heat resistant than previous models and lighter, allowing for potential gains in fuel efficiency. This was the largest part ever made from CMC.[19]

Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle

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Main article: Orion (spacecraft)

The Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle is a spacecraft intended to carry a crew of up to four astronauts to destinations beyond-low Earth orbit. Currently under development by NASA,[20] for launch on the Space Launch System,[21] Orion will facilitate human exploration of the Moon, asteroids and Mars.

ATK developed the launch abort motor that sits on top of the Orion capsule. This device would pull the capsule and its crew up and away from the rocket in the event of major fault on the launch pad or during ascent. ATK also developed numerous composite parts that provide heat protection for Orion.[22]

James Webb Space Telescope

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Main article: James Webb Space Telescope
3/4 view of JWST from the "top" (opposite side from the Sun)

ATK worked with Northrop Grumman to produce the backplane support frame (BSF) for the James Webb Space Telescope. The BSF, center section, and wings form what is called the primary mirror backplane support system (PMBSS). The BSF is the primary load-bearing structure during launch and the PMBSS holds the telescope's main instruments, including its mirrors. The BSF was designed and manufactured at ATK's facilities in Magna, Utah. ATK designed and fabricated more than 10,000 parts for the PMBSS. PMBSS is made primarily of lightweight graphite, but numerous other materials including invar, titanium, and other composite materials were used.[23]

Delta II

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Main article: Delta II
Clouds of smoke around the 323rd Delta rocket on launch pad 17B

ATK produces Graphite Epoxy Motors (GEM) and largest composite fairings for the Delta II rocket as a subcontractor for the United Launch Alliance. As of June 2014, ATK has produced 987 solid rocket boosters for Delta II missions. These strap-on boosters, known as GEM-40s, add 434,000 pounds to the Delta II's maximum thrust. The GEM-40s can be used in groups of three, four, and nine depending on the weight of the payload. The composite structures supplied by ATK increase performance by reducing weight. In addition to composite booster cases for the GEM-40s, ATK produces a 10-foot wide composite payload fairing that covers and protects satellites during launch. ATK also produces the titanium diaphragm propellant tanks and pressurant tank for each Delta II vehicle.[24]

Delta IV

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Main article: Delta IV

ATK produces Graphite Epoxy Motors and numerous other components for the Delta IV rocket. For example, for the Delta IV that carried the Wideband Global SATCOM satellite (WGS-6) into orbit for the U.S. Air Force, ATK supplied the interstage connector that linked the Common Booster Core and the cryogenic second stage, a centerbody that connects the liquid oxygen tank to liquid hydrogen tanks, a thermal shield for the RS-68 engine, the composite payload fairing, and numerous pieces of hardware for securing the payload.[25]

Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2

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Main article: Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) is an American environmental science satellite. The spacecraft is used to study carbon dioxide concentrations and distributions in the atmosphere.[26] ATK produced the OCO-2's Variable Conductance Heat Pipes, an important part of its thermal control system, solar arrays, and solar array substrates.[24]

InSight

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Main article: InSight

InSight is a robotic lander mission to Mars originally planned for launch in March 2016.[27] The mission's objective is to place a stationary lander equipped with a seismometer and heat flow probe on the surface of Mars to study its early geological evolution. This would bring new understanding of the solar system's terrestrial planets. ATK was awarded a contract to provide its UltraFlex solar arrays for the mission. ATK claims that UltraFlex will provide better performance than typical solar arrays used on spacecraft while accommodating ambitious requirements for low mass and small size.[28]

Atlas V

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Main article: Atlas V

ATK entered the competition to replace the Russian-made rocket engine on the Atlas V rocket in September 2014. The Atlas V is used to launch most U.S. military satellites. ATK entered the competition in response to a request for proposals from the Air Force Space and Missile Defense Center issued in 2013 for the RD-180 rocket engine. ATK already supplies rocket engines used in heavier version of the Atlas V. ATK says that solid rocket motors are more reliable and deliver more thrust. ATK said, "Solid rocket motors are optimal for first-stage performance as they provide high lift-off thrust, allowing for more payload margin. They also require less ground and launch infrastructure, resulting in fewer launch scrubs."[29] The RD-180 engines use kerosene for fuel. The request from the Air Force occurred due to concerns about whether the RD-180 would be available in the future due to increasing tensions with Russia.[30]

Graphite Epoxy Motors

[edit]

The Graphite-Epoxy Motor (GEM) is a solid rocket motor produced by ATK using epoxy composite casing. GEMs are used as boosters for the Delta II, Delta III, and Delta IV launch vehicles. The use of composite materials allows for booster casings several times lighter than the steel casings of the Castor 4 solid rocket motors they replaced.[31] The first flight of a GEM occurred in 1990 on a Delta II 7925.[32]

ATK Defense

[edit]
XM-25 Counter Defilade Target Engagement System

ATK's Defense Group produced ammunition, precision and strike weapons, missile-warning solutions and tactical rocket motors across air, sea and land-based systems.

ATK Defense Group develops products and services for:

  • Small-, medium- and large-caliber ammunition
  • Anti-radiation homing strike vehicles
  • Missile warning and hostile fire detection
  • Precision-guided munitions
  • Propulsion, advanced fuzing and warheads
  • Medium-caliber gun systems
  • Missile defense interceptors
  • Weaponized ISR special mission aircraft
    • MC-27J

As of April 2014, ATK had a three-year contract with Lockheed to develop a warhead for the Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System. The contract includes engineering, manufacturing, and development. ATK's work will focus on system performance, warhead qualification, and producibility.[33]

Lake City Army Ammunition Plant

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In 2012, ATK was selected by the United States Army to continue operating and maintaining the Lake City Army Ammunition Plant (LCAAP) for an additional seven to ten years. The LCAAP is a federally owned facility in Independence, Missouri. It was built by Remington Arms in 1941 to manufacture and test small-caliber ammunition for the army. As of July 2007, the plant produced about 1.5 billion rounds of ammunition per year. The LCAAP still tests ammunition and is the largest producer of small-arms ammunition for the U.S. military. ATK has operated the LCAAP since April 2001.[34][35]

The United States Army and ATK opened a renovated ammunition production facility at the LCAAP in December 2014. The renovations improved efficiency and quality control. The Army and ATK invested $11 million to modernize "Building 65" for the production of 20 millimeter ammunition. These large caliber rounds are usually fired from automatic cannons mounted on ground vehicles and aircraft. Building 65 housed 20 millimeter round production until 1997, when it was moved to Building 3. About 50 people are employed on this line.[36]

AGM-88E Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile

[edit]
AGM-88E

The AGM-88E Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile (AARGM) is an upgrade to the AGM-88 High-speed Anti-Radiation Missile (HARM). The AARGM is the result of cooperation between the United States and Italy. It is produced by ATK. In September 2013, ATK delivered the 100th AARGM to the U.S. Navy. It will be initially integrated onto the FA-18C/D, FA-18E/F, EA-18G, and Tornado ECR aircraft and later on the F-35.[37] The AGM-88E development program was proceeded on schedule and did not exceed its budget.[38]

In August 2014, the United States Navy awarded a full-rate production contract to ATK to produce to AARGM. Under this contract ATK will also provide captive air training missiles for both the United States and Italy. This is the third contract for the AARGM won by ATK and it is worth $96.2 million.[39]

AN/AAR-47 Missile Approach Warning System

[edit]

The AN/AAR-47 Missile Approach Warning System (MWS) is used on slow moving aircraft such as helicopters and military transport aircraft to notify the pilot of threats and to trigger the aircraft's countermeasures systems. Its main users are the U.S. Army, Navy and Air Force, but is also operated by other countries. Originally developed by Loral Space & Communications, it has been solely a product of ATK since 2002. The AN/AAR-47 passively detects missiles by their infrared signature, and uses algorithms to differentiate between incoming missiles and false alarms. Newer versions also have laser warning sensors and are capable of detecting a wider range of threats. After processing the nature of the threat, the system gives the pilot an audio and visual warning, and tells the direction of the incoming threat. It also sends a signal to the aircraft's infrared countermeasures system, which can then for example deploy flares. The development of the original AN/AAR-47(V)1 began in 1983 by Loral. ATK became a second production source in the mid 90s and eventually became the primary contractor. In 1998 ATK began production of the improved AN/AAR-47(V)2, which added laser warning functionality.[40]

Precision Guidance Kit

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Main article: XM1156 Precision Guidance Kit

The Precision Guidance Kit (PGK) is a United States Army program to develop a precision guidance system for existing 155 mm artillery shells.[41] The prime contractor is Alliant Techsystems and the project team includes Interstate Electronics Corporation.[42] In operation the PGK will screw into the nose of the projectile much like the existing fuze. However, as well as the fuzing function it will provide a GPS guidance package and control surfaces to correct the flight of the shell. This is analogous to the addition of a Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) tail-kit to a dumb iron bomb, creating a precision guided munition. Production started in 2009.[43]

Bushmaster autocannons

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USS Chosin (CG-65) cruiser's 25mm M242 Bushmaster autocannon
2016: Oshkosh L-ATV (configured as JLTV) with EOS R-400S-MK2 remote weapon system armed with Orbital ATK's M230-LF 30mm lightweight automatic chain gun.

The M242 Bushmaster is a 25 mm (25×137mm) chain-fed autocannon. It is used extensively by the United States and NATO forces in ground combat vehicles and watercraft. Originally, the weapon was designed and manufactured by McDonnell Douglas. It is an externally powered, chain driven, single-barrel weapon which may be fired in semi-automatic, burst, or automatic modes. It is fed by a metallic link belt and has dual-feed capability. The term "chain gun" derives from the use of a roller chain that drives the bolt back and forth. The gun can destroy lightly armored vehicles and aerial targets, such as helicopters and slow-flying aircraft. It can also suppress enemy positions such as exposed troops, dug-in positions, and occupied built-up areas. The standard rate of fire is 200 rounds per minute. The weapon has an effective range of 3,000 metres (9,800 ft), depending on the type of ammunition used.

The Mk44 Bushmaster II is a 30 mm chain gun also manufactured by ATK. It is a derivative of the 25 mm M242 referenced above and uses 70% of the same parts as the M242. The Mk 44 Bushmaster II is the standard primary armament of the Bionix-II AFV currently in service with the Singapore Army, the KTO Rosomak in Polish service as well as that of the CV90 AFVs in Finnish, Norwegian and Swiss service. Some United States Navy vessels, such as the new San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock are armed with the Bushmaster II for surface threat defense.[44]

The XM813 Bushmaster, also produced by ATK Defense, is based on the Mk44 and is offered as an upgrade for M1126 Stryker and M2 Bradley. Improvements include a one-inch longer barrel, integral mount to increase first round hit probability by up to 10 percent, and dual recoil system to enhance accuracy and cope with future hotter propellants. It can have a next-round select, linkless feed system. The 30 mm chain gun can fire Mk310 Programmable Air Burst Munition rounds to attack targets in defilade. The United States Army Research, Development and Engineering Command helped enhance the XM813 mainly for safety and turret integration. By changing five parts, the gun caliber can be increased to 40 mm. As of November 2013, the XM813 was being tested at Aberdeen Proving Ground.[45][46]

ATK Sporting

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ATK's Sporting Group offered products under several brands for sport-shooting enthusiasts, police, and military customers around the world. In 2015, this group was spun off to form the independent company, Vista Outdoor Inc. Vista Outdoor is publicly traded and headquartered in Utah.[47] The group provided:

  • Traditional center fire and rim fire rifles, and shotguns
  • Ammunition for sport shooting, law enforcement, military, and security
  • Hunting, shooting sports, and outdoor recreation accessories
  • Optics, gun cleaning, targets and range systems
  • Tactical accessories for military, law enforcement and security markets
  • Gunpowder for ammunition and re-loaders

ATK's outdoor products brands included: Federal Premium Ammunition, Bushnell, Savage Arms, BLACKHAWK!, Primos, Final Approach, Uncle Mike's, Hoppe's, RCBS, Alliant Powder, CCI, Speer, Champion Targets, Gold Tip Arrows, Weaver Optics, Outers, Bolle, Cebe, and Serengeti. As of 2013, ATK's sporting business accounted for nearly 45 percent of the company's revenue.

See also

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References

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[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Alliant Techsystems

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Alliant Techsystems Inc. (ATK) was an American aerospace and defense manufacturer headquartered in Arlington County, Virginia, specializing in propulsion systems, precision munitions, and composite structures for military, space, and commercial applications. Founded in 1990 as a spin-off of Honeywell's defense businesses, the company grew through acquisitions such as Hercules Aerospace in 1995 and Thiokol Propulsion in 2001, establishing leadership in solid rocket motors and ammunition production. ATK supplied critical components for U.S. military programs, including tactical missiles and launch vehicle boosters, and contributed to NASA missions via propulsion technologies. In 2015, ATK merged with to form Orbital ATK, combining expertise in space systems and defense electronics. This entity was acquired by in 2018 for approximately $9.2 billion, integrating ATK's capabilities into a broader portfolio of and defense technologies. Among its achievements, ATK developed advanced munitions like the XM25 counter-defilade system and provided rocket motors for programs such as the . However, the company encountered controversies, including a 1994 antitrust settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice over bid-rigging in rocket motor markets alongside , and later environmental violations at facilities handling propellants.

Corporate History

Founding and Early Development

Alliant Techsystems Inc. (ATK) was incorporated on September 28, 1990, as a spin-off from Inc.'s defense-related operations, encompassing the Defense & Marine Systems Division and Test Instruments Division. The transaction involved Honeywell distributing approximately 9.3 million shares of ATK stock to its shareholders—one share for every four shares of Honeywell held as of record on October 9, 1990—allowing ATK to commence independent operations in October 1990. At , ATK inherited a substantial operational base from Honeywell, including 8,300 employees and a backlog of defense contracts that positioned it as the U.S. Department of Defense's 17th-largest contractor. The company was headquartered in , with Toby G. Warson, former CEO of Honeywell's operations, appointed as its initial chairman and CEO. ATK's early structure comprised four primary business units: precision armaments, ordnance systems, marine systems, and information storage systems, reflecting its origins in Honeywell's munitions and expertise. Initial products emphasized conventional munitions production, such as 120mm ammunition, solid motors for tactical missiles, and upgrades to existing weapon systems, establishing ATK as a key supplier to U.S. programs amid the post-Cold War defense drawdown. The spin-off included financial obligations to Honeywell, such as a $165 million intercompany and a $60 million special dividend, which strained early liquidity but were offset by retained defense contracts. In its formative years, ATK pursued operational streamlining to adapt to reduced defense spending, eliminating 800 administrative positions in 1990 and another 800 jobs in 1991 while consolidating management layers from 14 to seven. These measures addressed inefficiencies inherited from Honeywell's diversified structure, enabling focus on core defense competencies despite sales declining to $800 million by 1993 following further workforce reductions of 1,700 employees. By prioritizing ammunition manufacturing and propulsion technologies, ATK solidified its niche as the leading U.S. producer of small-caliber and medium-caliber rounds, laying groundwork for diversification into amid shifting priorities.

Key Acquisitions and Expansion

Alliant Techsystems expanded its capabilities significantly in the mid-1990s through the acquisition of Aerospace Company's operations in July 1994 for approximately $715 million, which included facilities for solid rocket motor production and enhanced ATK's role in space launch and missile systems. This move followed the 1993 purchases of Accudyne Corporation and Kilgore Corporation, which bolstered munitions and expertise. In 1995, the approved the deal under conditions to preserve competition in components. Further propulsion advancements came in 2001 with the acquisition of Thiokol Propulsion, strengthening ATK's position in solid rocket boosters for programs like the and Delta launch vehicles. By the late , ATK diversified into tactical and security products, acquiring Eagle Industries Unlimited in March 2009, a manufacturer of gear expected to add over $80 million in annual revenue. This was followed in April 2010 by the $172 million purchase of Blackhawk Industries Products Group, expanding offerings in holsters, gear, and accessories for defense and markets. In 2013, ATK acquired the Bushnell Group for $1.1 billion, integrating , rangefinders, and outdoor accessories to broaden its sporting and hunting portfolio. These acquisitions collectively grew ATK's revenue streams across , defense, and commercial sectors, with the company reporting increased diversification by 2010.

Restructuring, Spin-offs, and Mergers

In April 2014, Alliant Techsystems (ATK) announced a major restructuring plan involving the tax-free spin-off of its Sporting Group business to shareholders, followed by the merger of its remaining and Defense Groups with in a stock-for-stock transaction valued at approximately $4.9 billion. The spin-off aimed to create a standalone outdoor sports and recreation company focused on , firearms accessories, and related products, while the merger sought to combine ATK's and defense capabilities with Orbital's and expertise, forming a entity with combined fiscal 2013 revenues of $4.5 billion. The transactions closed on February 9, 2015, after shareholder and regulatory approvals. ATK distributed two shares of the new company's —initially named ATK Sporting Group and later rebranded Inc.—for every share of ATK held as of the January 23, 2015 record date, resulting in trading independently on the under the ticker VSTO. Concurrently, the merger created Orbital ATK Inc., with Orbital shareholders owning about 53.7% and former ATK shareholders owning 46.3% of the combined entity, which adopted Orbital's name while retaining ATK's aerospace and defense operations. Orbital ATK operated independently until September 18, 2017, when Corporation announced its acquisition of the company for $9.2 billion in cash, including the assumption of $1.4 billion in debt, to enhance capabilities in space systems, , and . The deal faced antitrust scrutiny from the over potential competition reduction in solid rocket motors and missile systems, leading to divestitures of certain rocket motor assets to . It closed on June 6, 2018, integrating Orbital ATK's operations as 's fourth business sector, renamed Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems, with former Orbital ATK CEO Blake Larson appointed to lead it. This acquisition marked the end of ATK's independent lineage, folding its technologies into a larger defense conglomerate amid ongoing consolidation in the U.S. and defense industry.

Aerospace Systems

Solid Rocket Boosters and Launch Vehicles

Alliant Techsystems (ATK) entered the solid rocket booster market through its 2001 acquisition of Propulsion from for $685 million, gaining expertise in large-scale solid rocket motors originally developed for NASA's . had produced the shuttle's reusable s (SRBs), each measuring 149 feet in length and 12 feet in diameter, capable of generating over 3.3 million pounds of and more than 15 million horsepower per booster pair during launches. ATK continued manufacturing these four-segment SRBs at facilities in , conducting the final full-duration ground test of a shuttle-era booster on February 25, 2010, at its test site, marking the end of production for the 52nd and last unit. Building on this heritage, ATK developed five-segment solid rocket boosters for NASA's (SLS), adding a segment to the shuttle design for increased , reaching up to 3.6 million pounds per motor. In September 2011, ATK ignited the world's largest solid rocket motor to date during a qualification test in , validating the five-segment configuration that powers SLS Block 1 vehicles alongside four engines. ATK completed the critical design review for these boosters in August 2014, confirming their readiness for SLS's inaugural flight targeted for , though delays shifted the timeline. The boosters, manufactured in , incorporate flight-proven elements from shuttle hardware, with full-scale qualification motor tests conducted in 2016 to simulate launch conditions exceeding 3 million pounds of . ATK also supplied solid rocket motors for various launch vehicles, including strap-on boosters for United Launch Alliance's Delta II rockets, producing 987 units by June 2014 to enhance capacity to . For the , ATK upgraded solid rocket motors under the SRM Upgrade program to improve reliability and lift performance for heavy payloads. In the commercial sector, ATK provided CASTOR 30XL solid rocket motors for Orbital Sciences' medium-lift vehicle, intended to replace earlier Ukrainian-supplied engines following launch anomalies, with ground testing supported by the U.S. Air Force's in 2016. These motors enabled to deliver up to 5,000 kilograms to for resupply missions to the .

Space Exploration and Satellite Programs

Alliant Techsystems (ATK) contributed to satellite programs primarily through solid rocket propulsion for launch vehicles and subsystems acquired via the 2007 purchase of Swales Aerospace. The acquisition, completed on June 13, 2007, integrated Swales' expertise in satellite components, including thermal management systems, lightweight structures, and small spacecraft integration, enhancing ATK's support for and commercial satellite missions. ATK supplied () solid rocket boosters for Delta II vehicles, enabling launches of and scientific satellites. Nine GEM-40 strap-on boosters provided thrust for the March 6, 2009, Delta II launch of 's , designed to detect exoplanets via transit photometry. Similar GEM motors supported earlier Delta II missions deploying satellites for , atmospheric research, and , contributing over 600,000 pounds of thrust per configuration. In space , ATK engineered critical components for the Mapper (M3) instrument aboard India's , launched October 22, 2008. ATK's design, analysis, and fabrication of lightweight, vibration-resistant structures enabled M3 to map lunar minerals and detect water molecules in polar regions, announced 24, 2009. ATK advanced with a 2007 U.S. contract to develop systems for small , focusing on efficient in-space maneuvering. Additionally, ATK developed deployable solar arrays, such as UltraFlex models used in missions, and larger MegaFlex designs tested in 2014 for enabling deep-space probes. These efforts positioned ATK as a key supplier for power and technologies prior to its 2015 merger.

Commercial and Military Aircraft Contributions

Alliant Techsystems (ATK) specialized in advanced composite structures for both commercial and , leveraging automated fiber and tape placement technologies at its facility to produce lightweight, high-strength components that enhanced fuel efficiency and performance. These structures included frames, stringers, skins, and ducts, contributing to reduced weight and improved across major programs. In , ATK secured a in January 2014 to supply composite substructures for the 787-9 and 787-10 Dreamliner variants, focusing on for the center and aft fuselages. Qualification as a Boeing-approved supplier followed in November 2014, enabling production of these components, which by 2018 had reached over 25,000 units installed in more than 150 Dreamliners. Additionally, ATK finalized an agreement in January 2014 with to manufacture composite stringers and for the A350 XWB-1000, supporting the program's wide-body airliner's structural integrity. For military aircraft, ATK provided critical composite elements for the , including a $240 million contract awarded in April 2010 for upper and lower wing-box skins and engine nacelle skins during low-rate initial production lots. The company also received a $10 million subcontract in 2010 from for F-35 composite inlet ducts, and earlier agreements dating to 2007 for fiber-placed components. ATK's contributions extended to other platforms, such as skins and structures for the F-22 Raptor, cargo components for the C-17 Globemaster, and elements for the A400M military transport, utilizing high-precision manufacturing to meet demanding defense specifications. By 2018, ATK and its successor entity had delivered over 5,000 composite parts for approximately 430 F-35 ship sets supporting U.S. and allied forces.

Defense Systems

Ammunition Production and Facilities

Alliant Techsystems (ATK) operated key U.S. government-owned ammunition production facilities under contracts with the U.S. Army, focusing on small-caliber munitions and propellants for military applications. As part of its Defense Electronics and Precision Munitions group, ATK managed production at the Lake City Army Ammunition Plant (LCAAP) in Independence, Missouri, starting in April 2001, where it manufactured rifle ammunition including 5.56-millimeter, 7.62-millimeter, .50-caliber, and 20-millimeter rounds. Under ATK's oversight, annual production capacity at LCAAP expanded from 350 million rounds to over 1.4 billion rounds by 2007, driven by modernization efforts and contracts such as a four-year operating agreement worth up to $481 million in orders. In 2013, ATK secured a extension to sustain small-caliber output at LCAAP, emphasizing surge capabilities for demand. The company invested in facility upgrades, including a $330 million allocation in 2011 for modernization and orders, enhancing in loading, assembly, and processes. By 2014, ATK completed renovations at LCAAP, incorporating automated systems to improve production throughput and defect detection. ATK also managed the (RFAAP) in Pulaski and Montgomery Counties, , assuming operations in 1995. RFAAP specialized in nitrocellulose-based s and explosives used in shells, rockets, and small-arms , producing 29 propellant variants shipped to other sites for final integration. Modernization under ATK from the mid-1990s onward increased output in critical areas, supporting broader military munitions needs amid post-Cold War adjustments. These facilities underscored ATK's role in maintaining U.S. domestic surge production for small-caliber and propellant components, with government oversight ensuring compliance with defense specifications.

Guided Missiles and Precision Weapons

Alliant Techsystems (ATK) contributed to guided programs through its Missile Products and Defense Electronics divisions, specializing in , guidance sections, and precision components for anti-radiation and tactical strike systems. The company developed multi-mode guidance technologies to enable missiles to engage radar-emitting targets even after emissions ceased, enhancing suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) capabilities. ATK played a key role in the AGM-88E Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile (AARGM), an upgrade to the , by providing the new multi-mode guidance and modified control sections integrated with existing and components. This , a medium-range supersonic air-to-ground , incorporates GPS/INS alongside anti-radiation homing to prosecute time-sensitive, high-threat targets, with full-rate production approved by the U.S. in 2012. ATK's upgrades included advanced seekers, as demonstrated in a 2018 contract to modify 271 missiles at for improved guidance against mobile emitters. In tactical rocketry, ATK supplied the (GATR) under a $3.2 million awarded in 2013 to the U.S. Command (USSOCOM), including precision-guided rockets and a launcher for testing enhanced standoff engagement. Additionally, ATK produced solid propellant for the (APKWS), a laser-guided , via a $25.4 million in 2003 to support cost-effective precision strikes from helicopters and aircraft. ATK's precision weapons extended to artillery and mortar munitions, including the M1156 Precision Guidance Kit (PGK), which retrofits 155mm shells with GPS/INS for a (CEP) under 50 meters, reducing collateral damage in urban environments. The XM395 Precision Guided Mortar Munition (PGMM), a 120mm laser-guided round with fin stabilization and maneuvering thrusters, achieved first-ever direct hits in tests, designed to defeat protected targets while minimizing exposure of forward forces. These systems underscored ATK's focus on affordable upgrades to legacy munitions for improved accuracy and mission effectiveness.

Vehicle and Protection Systems

Alliant Techsystems (ATK) developed and manufactured advanced gun systems integral to the armament of various ground combat vehicles, enhancing their firepower against armored and personnel targets. The company's 25mm , a gas-operated capable of firing up to 200 rounds per minute, was widely integrated into platforms such as the U.S. Army's (BFV) and the Marine Corps' Light Armored Vehicle (). These systems provided versatile engagement options, including armor-piercing and high-explosive incendiary ammunition, contributing to vehicle lethality in urban and open terrain operations. ATK also supplied medium- and large-caliber munitions tailored for vehicle-mounted cannons, supporting programs like the brigade combat teams. In parallel, ATK pursued protection technologies to improve vehicle survivability against anti-armor threats, focusing on active defense mechanisms. The firm secured contracts for of active protection systems (APS), which detect, track, and intercept incoming projectiles such as rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) and anti-tank guided missiles using sensors and kinetic interceptors. ATK's efforts included patented embodiments of APS architectures, emphasizing rapid response times and integration with existing vehicle platforms to minimize collateral effects. These systems addressed vulnerabilities exposed in conflicts like and , where improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and shoulder-fired weapons posed significant risks to lightly armored vehicles. By 2009, ATK demonstrated integrated electronic defense capabilities compatible with vehicle-mounted applications, including countermeasure deployment for threat neutralization. ATK's contributions extended to collaborative demonstrations with partners like Oshkosh Defense, integrating remote weapon stations and protection enhancements on platforms such as the (JLTV). In a 2015 live-fire test, ATK's technologies supported evaluations of defensive firing systems on JLTV variants, validating for enhanced crew protection and offensive response. Additionally, ATK produced specialized ammunition like the M829A4 120mm armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) rounds for main battle tanks, indirectly bolstering armored vehicle effectiveness by defeating enemy protections. These efforts underscored ATK's role in balancing offensive potency with defensive resilience, drawing from empirical testing and operational feedback to refine designs.

Sporting Products Division

Operations and Product Lines

The Sporting Products Division of Alliant Techsystems manufactured and distributed commercial ammunition, reloading components, smokeless powders, and related accessories for hunting, target shooting, personal defense, and applications. Primary operations centered on high-volume production of small-arms cartridges, with facilities including the plant dedicated to assembly and loading. The facility handled bullet manufacturing for Speer and production for CCI, supporting both loaded rounds and reloading primers. Following the May 2013 acquisition of for $315 million, operations extended to firearms assembly at the site, incorporating rifle production into the division's scope. Ammunition product lines featured premium centerfire rifle and handgun loads under Federal Premium, including bonded-core Fusion bullets for hunting; rimfire cartridges via CCI, such as high-velocity .22 Long Rifle variants; and Speer offerings like Gold Dot jacketed hollow points for self-defense alongside component bullets in calibers from .223 to .45 ACP. Budget-oriented options included Blazer brass-cased pistol ammo and Estate shotshells for clays and waterfowl. Reloading components encompassed Speer bullets, RCBS presses, dies, and scales for precision handloading, paired with Alliant smokeless powders like Reloder series for rifle propellants. Beyond core munitions, the division produced tactical accessories such as BlackHawk holsters and gear, Bushnell riflescopes and for , and hunting calls and decoys for game attraction. These lines emphasized performance enhancements like weather-resistant coatings and low-recoil designs, distributed through sporting goods retailers and online channels to domestic and international markets.

Independence and Post-Spin-off Developments

On February 9, 2015, Alliant Techsystems Inc. (ATK) completed the tax-free spin-off of its Sporting Group, establishing Inc. as an independent, publicly traded company listed on the under the VSTO. ATK shareholders of record on January 19, 2015, received two shares of for each share of ATK stock held, distributing ownership of the sporting , firearms accessories, and brands previously under ATK's Sporting Group. This separation, announced on April 29, 2014, allowed ATK to focus on its and defense segments by merging with to form Orbital ATK, while pursued growth in consumer-facing sporting and outdoor markets. Under the leadership of Mark DeYoung, previously head of ATK's sporting operations, Vista Outdoor expanded rapidly through acquisitions to bolster its portfolio in ammunition, optics, and recreational gear. In July 2015, it acquired Jimmy Styks, LLC, a designer of stand-up paddleboards and related accessories, for an undisclosed amount to enter the water sports segment. Later that month, Vista announced the purchase of Products, LLC, a leading provider of hydration solutions, for $412.5 million, enhancing its offerings for active lifestyle consumers. These moves positioned Vista as one of the largest pure-play outdoor companies, with core sporting products including Federal Premium and Speer ammunition lines produced at facilities in , and elsewhere. Subsequent developments included the 2020 acquisition of Remington Ammunition assets from proceedings, integrating historic brands like Remington Core-Lokt into Vista's lineup and strengthening its position in centerfire and calibers. By fiscal 2023, Vista's sporting products segment generated over $2.7 billion in revenue, driven by demand for amid market fluctuations. In October 2023, Vista announced plans to separate its sporting products into The Kinetic Group, retaining the ammunition and firearms-related businesses under a new entity while spinning off outdoor lifestyle brands as Revelyst to unlock . However, evolving strategic options led to a bifurcated transaction: on November 27, 2024, Vista completed the sale of The Kinetic Group to a.s. (CSG), a Czech defense conglomerate, for approximately $1.95 billion in cash, subject to adjustments, following U.S. regulatory approvals amid reviews by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS). This divestiture returned the core sporting operations to focused ownership, separate from Vista's remaining outdoor segments, which were slated for further separation or sale by early 2025. The transaction reflected ongoing industry consolidation and scrutiny over foreign involvement in U.S. munitions production.

Quality Assurance and Fraud Investigations

In 2007, the U.S. Department of Justice intervened in a whistleblower lawsuit under the False Claims Act alleging that Alliant Techsystems Inc. (ATK), through its Thiokol subsidiary, knowingly delivered defective aerial flare cassettes to the U.S. military between 1994 and 2006. The suit claimed ATK failed to perform required environmental stress screening tests on the flares, which were intended to counter infrared missiles, resulting in a defect rate exceeding acceptable limits and posing risks to military aircraft. ATK settled the case in 2012 for $37 million, with the government recovering approximately $26.75 million and the whistleblower receiving about $10.25 million, without ATK admitting liability. Earlier investigations traced quality assurance lapses to ATK's facility, acquired from Hercules Aerospace in 1995, where operations allegedly violated the False Claims Act starting in March 1992. A whistleblower suit by former employee Brian Pratt accused the facility of producing defective solid rocket propellant motors for military missiles by using improper manufacturing processes, including inadequate mixing and curing, leading to non-conforming products shipped to the government. The Department of Justice investigated and reached a settlement with ATK in covering these claims, resolving allegations of fraudulent certification of compliant materials. Quality control falsification emerged in a related 1990s case stemming from ATK's predecessor operations under , where employees at an Alliant facility allegedly altered test data for small-caliber destined for the U.S. Army, including falsifying results to conceal defects like inconsistent powder loads. The Eighth Circuit upheld aspects of whistleblower Judith Neal's suit under the False Claims Act, noting internal reports of systemic testing irregularities that allowed substandard munitions to pass inspections. ATK inherited these liabilities post-spin-off from in 1990, contributing to ongoing scrutiny of its protocols in production. Additional probes revealed defects in ATK's guided missile components, such as pure tin plating on high-reliability electronics for missiles, which risked short-circuit failures due to tin whisker growth—a known reliability issue in . In , the U.S. imposed a $1 million fine on ATK for delivering missiles with these unqualified materials, prompting whistleblower claims from engineers who alleged retaliation for refusing to approve shipments without proper testing. A parallel Department of Justice resolution addressed ammunition defects, including "light loads" in 5.56mm rounds that caused barrel obstructions, recovered through False Claims Act enforcement without an admission of wrongdoing by ATK. These incidents underscored systemic challenges in ATK's , including inadequate subcontractor oversight and pressure to meet production deadlines, as documented in whistleblower filings and audits, though ATK maintained that settlements addressed isolated issues rather than pervasive . No criminal charges resulted from these civil resolutions, but they highlighted the risks of defective defense products compromising operational safety.

Antitrust Actions and Contract Disputes

In 1992, the challenged Alliant Techsystems' proposed acquisition of Olin Corporation's ammunition division, citing antitrust concerns over the resulting dominance in the market for 120mm tank ammunition used in M1A1 and M1A2 Abrams tanks, where the merged entity would control over 90% of production capacity. Alliant abandoned the deal in December 1992 to avoid prolonged litigation and potential divestitures. The U.S. Department of Justice filed a civil antitrust suit against Alliant and Aerojet-General Corporation on January 19, 1994, alleging that their 1989 teaming agreement suppressed competition for Cargo Expendable Modules (CEMs) in cluster bomb systems by allocating markets and limiting bidding, which reduced competitors from three to one on key U.S. contracts and enabled price increases of up to 50%. The case settled via a requiring the companies to pay a $12 million to the U.S. Treasury and implement antitrust compliance programs, without admitting liability. In 1995, the FTC approved Alliant's $466 million acquisition of Hercules Incorporated's and defense operations subject to a order mandating divestiture of certain motor assets to preserve competition in tactical rocket motors. Alliant faced multiple disputes under the Contract Disputes Act (CDA) with the U.S. government over pricing and performance in defense contracts. In a 2000 Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals (ASBCA) decision, Alliant was held liable for defective pricing in a 1985 contract for 50,920 BLU-97 A/B bomblets, where it failed to disclose post-negotiation discounts to subcontractors, resulting in overcharges exceeding $1 million; the board sustained the government's claim after finding Alliant's cost data inaccurate. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in Alliant Techsystems, Inc. v. United States (1999) affirmed the Court of Federal Claims' jurisdiction over Alliant's breach of contract claims arising from a U.S. small arms contract, rejecting arguments that such claims fell outside the CDA's standard disputes clause, and remanding for merits review. In 2011, Alliant settled a False Claims Act suit for $36.9 million over defective countermeasure flares supplied to the U.S. Navy under contracts from 2001 to 2008, which failed safety tests and posed risks during aircraft ejection; the settlement resolved allegations of knowingly delivering non-conforming products without crediting the government for returns. In 2014, Alliant Techsystems Inc. (ATK) announced a merger with on April 29, forming Orbital ATK through a $5 billion all-stock transaction completed in February 2015, under which Orbital shareholders received approximately 27.4 million shares of the new entity. The deal followed ATK's spin-off of its sporting products group and positioned the combined company as a major player in and defense, but it prompted multiple shareholder lawsuits alleging securities violations tied to pre-merger disclosures. Plaintiffs in cases such as Knurr v. Orbital ATK, Inc. (filed 2016 in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia) claimed that ATK executives made materially false and misleading statements prior to the merger, overstating the company's value and financial health, which inflated ATK's relative valuation and disadvantaged Orbital Sciences shareholders in the exchange ratio. Similar allegations appeared in Lickteig v. Orbital ATK, Inc. (2017), asserting failures to disclose adverse information that impacted merger fairness and post-merger stock performance. These suits, spanning class periods from 2012 onward, sought damages under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for purported misrepresentations that led to artificial stock inflation and investor losses. The litigation culminated in a $108 million settlement approved in 2019, providing recovery to former Orbital ATK investors without admission of liability by defendants, who maintained that disclosures were adequate and merger terms reflected fair market conditions. Subsequent insurance coverage disputes arose, with —acquirer of Orbital ATK in 2018—prevailing in Delaware Chancery Court in 2021 for reimbursement of defense costs from D&O policies, affirming coverage for claims rooted in the original ATK-Orbital merger process. No criminal charges or findings of intentional emerged from these proceedings.

Strategic Impact and Legacy

Technological Innovations and National Security Role

Alliant Techsystems (ATK) advanced solid rocket motor technology, particularly for strategic missile applications, by producing large propulsion systems integral to U.S. nuclear deterrence capabilities. The company manufactured third-stage motors for the Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and first-stage motors for the Trident II (D5) submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM), ensuring reliable boost-phase performance in these systems as of fiscal year 2013. In 2002, ATK's joint venture secured a $191 million contract for the Minuteman propulsion replacement program, upgrading motors to extend service life and maintain operational readiness. These developments emphasized high-thrust, reliable solid propellants over liquid alternatives for first-stage efficiency in missile defense and strategic programs. ATK contributed to precision-guided munitions through and innovations, enhancing lethality and accuracy in . The firm participated in the U.S. Army's precision-guided programs, receiving an $18 million system design and development in 2007 for advanced munitions integration. It also supported the program, developing self-guided small-caliber bullets to improve rifle accuracy and range via optical homing technology. In propulsion for air-launched s, ATK tested technologies with in 2007 for Navy strategic systems, focusing on scalable solid rocket boosters. Composite structures from ATK enabled lighter, high-strength airframes for hypersonic and applications, bolstering programs like upgrades and space vehicles. In national security, ATK's technologies underpinned the U.S. by sustaining ICBM and SLBM fleets, with motors powering over 400 Minuteman III missiles and II deployments on Ohio-class submarines. These systems provided credible second-strike capabilities, deterring adversaries through assured retaliation. ATK's motors, such as the 32-inch ASAS tested in , supported ground-based interceptors, enhancing layered defenses against ballistic threats. As the largest U.S. ammunition producer, ATK supplied precision munitions for overseas contingencies, including $41 million in non-standard rounds for Afghan forces in , directly aiding efforts. Acquisitions like GASL in integrated hypersonic testing expertise, refining propulsion for advanced threats. Overall, ATK's output fortified U.S. strategic superiority, with annual defense revenues exceeding $2 billion by .

Economic Contributions and Industry Influence

Alliant Techsystems (ATK) generated substantial economic activity through its operations in the aerospace and defense sectors, employing approximately 18,000 people across the United States as of 2011, including 2,700 in Minnesota alone. The company's annual revenue reached $4.8 billion by that period, with 68% derived from sales, injecting federal contract dollars into local economies via wages, supplier networks, and infrastructure investments. ATK maintained over 50 facilities in 21 states, fostering job growth in manufacturing, engineering, and R&D roles that supported high-skill employment in regions dependent on defense spending. ATK's government contracts, which accounted for a majority of its revenue—including top five deals comprising 28% of sales in fiscal —channeled billions in public funds into the , stimulating ancillary industries like materials supply and . For instance, post-9/11 procurement surges awarded ATK contracts such as $92 million for 265 million rounds of small-caliber , enhancing production capacity and economic multipliers in munitions . These activities contributed to regional GDP growth, particularly in states hosting ATK sites, though the firm's reliance on volatile defense budgets introduced cyclical employment risks, as evidenced by layoffs in response to program cuts. In terms of industry influence, ATK established dominance as the world's leading producer of solid rocket systems, supplying critical components for U.S. missiles, vehicles, and commercial , which shaped market standards for reliability and cost-efficiency in high-performance energetics. Its armament systems division became a primary supplier of conventional munitions to the U.S. armed forces, influencing procurement strategies through innovations in precision-guided weaponry and penetrators, thereby setting benchmarks for volume production and tactical effectiveness. The 2015 merger with Orbital Sciences, forming a combined entity with $4.5 billion in annual revenues, consolidated ATK's and capabilities, reducing competition in space systems and amplifying its role in programs like and missions. ATK's expenditures, exceeding $1.6 million in 2013, further extended its sway over defense policy and funding allocations.

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