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Brawn BGP 001
Jenson Button's BGP 001 on display at the Autosport International Racing Car Show 2020
CategoryFormula One
ConstructorHonda/Brawn GP
DesignersRoss Brawn (Technical Director)
Jörg Zander (Deputy Technical Director)
Jacky Eeckelaert (Engineering Director)
Craig Wilson (Head of Vehicle Engineering)
Ian Wright (Chief Vehicle Dynamicist)
John Owen (Project Leader)
Russell Cooley (Chief Engineer)
Loïc Bigois (Head of Aerodynamics)
Ben Wood (Chief Aerodynamicist)
Masayuki Minagawa (Double Diffuser, Concept Lead)
Production3
PredecessorHonda RA108[1]
SuccessorMercedes MGP W01
Technical specifications[2]
ChassisMoulded carbon fibre and honeycomb composite monocoque.
Suspension (front)Wishbone and pushrod activated torsion springs and rockers.
Suspension (rear)As front
EngineMercedes-Benz FO 108W 2.4 L (146 cu in) V8, naturally aspirated, limited to 18,000 RPM mid-mounted.
TransmissionBrawn GP, 7 forward gears + 1 reverse, semi-automatic.
Power750 hp @ 18,000 RPM
FuelMobil
TyresBridgestone
Competition history
Notable entrantsBrawn GP F1 Team
Notable drivers22. United Kingdom Jenson Button
23. Brazil Rubens Barrichello
Debut2009 Australian Grand Prix
First win2009 Australian Grand Prix
Last win2009 Italian Grand Prix
Last event2009 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix
RacesWinsPodiumsPolesF/Laps
1781554
Constructors' Championships1 (2009)
Drivers' Championships1 (2009, Jenson Button)

The Brawn BGP 001 (originally known as the Honda RA109) is a Formula One world championship winning racing car, the design of which was started by Honda Racing, and completed and then built by the team after it was renamed to Brawn GP. It was the first and only Formula One car constructed by the Brawn GP team, and was used to contest the 2009 Formula One season. The car won eight out of the seventeen Grands Prix it competed in. It was notable for its unusual double diffuser, and its legality was disputed, though it was ultimately deemed legal by the FIA.[3] This is the first Brackley-based F1 car to utilise Mercedes-Benz engines, which is used by its successor factory team. The BGP 001 was the last customer team to win the Constructors' Championship until the McLaren MCL38 in 2024.

The BGP 001 made its competitive debut at the 2009 Australian Grand Prix, where Jenson Button took pole position in qualifying and finished first in the race while his teammate Rubens Barrichello took second place in both qualifying and race. During the first half of the season alone, Button took seven further podiums, including six wins, which, due to a mid-season drop in performance from the team which meant he did not score any further victories, gave him enough momentum to secure his first Drivers' Championship. Barrichello took six podiums, including two wins, though he dropped to third behind Red Bull's Sebastian Vettel.

Background

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Chassis

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The controversial diffuser of the BGP 001.
The revised front wing and engine cover at the 2009 Turkish Grand Prix

Honda Racing began development for their 2009 car early in the 2008 season.[4] In December 2008, Honda announced their plans to withdraw from Formula One. Development of what would become the BGP 001 continued whilst a buyer was sought for the team. The team were purchased by Team Principal Ross Brawn, and the outfit renamed Brawn GP. It was designed by Loïc Bigois, in similar respects to all the other cars on the grid with a moulded carbon fibre and honeycomb composite monocoque and a front and rear wishbone and pushrod activated suspension system. Remarkably, it was revealed that the modifications made to the car to accommodate its Mercedes engine saw six inches removed from the rear end, severely compromising the car's center of gravity and by the time the team realized how much the car's balance had changed, there was no time to commission a new design.[5] Ross Brawn also admitted that there were fundamental problems with the car, stating that it was too heavy, and that some of the parts were not good for the car.[6]

Yet the car had one difference, which was focused on the rear so-called 'double-decker diffuser'. The diffuser is at the rear of the car and is a route to get downforce by using the airflow under the car's floor. The BGP 001 had a different central channel to its diffuser with the shape of the structure being used to create advanced type of double-decker design. The diffuser's controversial aspect was the hole in the rear which increases the speed of airflow as it heads towards the higher rear venturi section, where it expands and creates more downforce. Other teams argued that the presence of the hole was against the regulations.[7]

At the first race of the season in Australia an official complaint was launched by Renault, Red Bull and Ferrari against the diffusers of the Williams FW31, Toyota TF109 and the BGP 001 saying that they were illegal.[8] However the race stewards did not share that view and rejected the other teams' complaints. Subsequently, the car was cleared to race in Melbourne.[9] The same problem was faced in Malaysia after BMW tried again but failed.[10]

Over the controversy the 'non-diffuser' teams, Ferrari, BMW Sauber, Red Bull, lodged an official appeal against the design and the date was set for April 13, 2009 for the FIA International Court of appeal (ICA); putting the first two races under appeal meaning the cars' first two wins of the season with Button could have been removed. After discussing the legality of the diffusers throughout Tuesday a verdict was becoming clear. On Wednesday 14th the ICA concluded that the diffusers' designs were legal and complied with the 2009 regulations, rejecting the teams' appeal.[11]

With the diffuser change, the new rules in place for the 2009 season required cars to have narrower and higher rear wings and wider and lower front wings, designed to reduce air disturbance for following cars and hence make overtaking easier.[12][13] Slick tyres were also re-introduced in the 2009 Formula One season, having been absent since 1998,[14] this said to increase tyre grip by about 20%.[14]

Engine and transmission

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The BGP 001 used a Mercedes-Benz FO 108W engine, supplied through a customer deal. Per the 2009 regulations, the engine was a naturally aspirated V8 and was rev-limited to 18,000 rpm. Originally the car was engineered for a Honda-designed engine, however, when Honda announced their withdrawal from the sport, a customer deal with Mercedes was obtained. It was reported that deals with Ferrari and Mercedes were available, the latter being chosen as it was simpler to integrate into the existing car.[15] However, an unnamed senior Brawn GP engineer, after the title-winning race in Brazil, was reported saying that significant and unconventional changes were made to accommodate the FO108W engine.[5] Simon Cole, Brawn's chief trackside engineer, alluded that the team had decided against using Ferrari engines for fear that Ferrari would control the car's engine performance and not let a customer team beat them.[16]

According to team CEO Nick Fry, the Mercedes engine was critical in the team's success, saying that it accounted for 50 percent of the team's upturn in performance and that they would not have won the championship with the Honda engines.[17]

Brawn-Mercedes BGP 001
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Unlike Mercedes's other customer Force India, which took supply of both the engine and a McLaren-designed transmission, the BGP 001 used a semi-automatic sequential transmission designed in-house at Brawn. This provided seven forward gears and one reverse gear, and was operated using two paddles located on the steering wheel. As with the engine installation, compromises were made with the gearbox. It did not sit in the ideal position because the crank-center height on the Mercedes engine was different from the Honda.[5] Brawn did not opt to use the KERS system, which would have provided an extra 80 bhp (60 kW) for up to 6.6 seconds a lap, due to the constraints such a device would place on the design of the car and the extra weight it would add. Ross Brawn had suggested that a KERS was not a high priority for the team.[18]

Per the 2009 Formula One regulations, Brawn GP was limited to using eight engines per car throughout the season. The limited availability of engines led to a record being broken by the Brawn team; it was the first time one particular build of an engine had won three Grand Prix races in succession.[19]

Production numbers

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Given the limited budget and development time, only three chassis were ever made (larger teams, such as McLaren built as many as eight): one for each driver and a spare. Due to the physical demands from reusing the same chassis to this extent, the condition of the chassis had deteriorated so much that the cars began to lose pace as the season progressed.[16] The spare was used by Rubens Barrichello in Singapore, while Jenson Button used the second Brawn chassis BGP 001–02 in every practice, qualifying session and race between the 2009 Australian Grand Prix and the 2009 Brazilian Grand Prix. This meant that he won the championship in the oldest car on the grid. Chassis BGP 001-02 is now owned by Ross Brawn and was demonstrated at the 2016 Goodwood Festival of Speed. Chassis 02 was painted silver after 2009 for the 2010 launch of Mercedes GP and used as a demonstration car for two years before being returned to its previous Brawn livery.[20]

2009

[edit]

Testing

[edit]
Barrichello driving the BGP 001.

On the day of the BGP 001's debut, at Silverstone in the United Kingdom on March 6, 2009, Jenson Button performed the shakedown – the car featuring white, fluorescent yellow and black colours[21] – ahead of a more comprehensive testing and development programme at the Circuit de Catalunya on March 9–12 and the Circuito de Jerez on March 15–18.

Brawn GP gave the BGP 001 its first test at the Circuit de Catalunya on 9 March 2009, topping the timesheets early on in the first session, eventually finishing the session in fourth.[22] On day two, Rubens Barrichello took over and completed 111 laps, finishing third in the standings.[citation needed] This was followed by Button topping the timesheets on the third day by over a second clear of Felipe Massa's Ferrari, completing 130 laps.[23] In response, Massa hailed the BGP 001 as the most competitive pre-season car, stating that he does not think anyone can top their times and that Ferrari is currently less competitive than Brawn GP.[24] On the final day of the test, Barrichello replicated the feat of his teammate; topping the time sheets by over eight-tenths of a second from Nico Rosberg's Williams, completing 110 laps.[25]

With the testing moving to Circuito de Jerez, Brawn continued to set the pace, six-tenths clear of Renault's Fernando Alonso, completing 107 laps.[citation needed] Alonso topped the timesheets on day two, edging Barrichello into second leaving Button third, as the drivers completed 74 laps between them.[citation needed] On the final day, Button topped once again, two-tenths clear of Rosberg with Nelson Piquet Jr. and Lewis Hamilton further behind.[citation needed]

The car's first race was at the Australian Grand Prix on March 29.[26]

2009 season

[edit]
Jenson Button at the 2009 Malaysian Grand Prix

The car was used by Jenson Button and Rubens Barrichello for all 17 races of the 2009 season. It won the season opening Australian Grand Prix in the hands of Button, with Barrichello finishing second[27] giving the BGP 001 a 1-2 finish on its debut, which had not happened since 1954.[28]

The car achieved podium finishes in all of the first 8 races of the season with Button winning 6 times, at the Australian, Malaysian, Bahrain, Spanish, Monaco and Turkish Grands Prix. In the latter half of the season, it only achieved two more wins (Valencia and Monza), both in Barrichello's hands.

The legality of the car's diffuser was disputed by other teams, but ultimately cleared by the FIA. At the first race of the season in Australia, an official complaint was launched by Renault, Red Bull and Ferrari against the diffusers of the Williams FW31, Toyota TF109 and the BGP 001 saying that they were illegal.[8] However the race stewards did not share that view and rejected the other teams' complaints. Subsequently, the car was cleared to race in Melbourne.[9] There was an appeal launched on the 'diffuser cars' but was rejected by the FIA on Wednesday 14 April 2009 leaving the diffuser on the BGP 001 clear to race.[3]

Button at the British Grand Prix.

A characteristic of the car was that in colder weather, such as at the British Grand Prix and German Grand Prix the BGP 001 struggled as it couldn't heat its tyres. The reason the car struggled with tyre temperature is because it managed its tyres better in hotter climates but in colder climates this meant the car wasn't hard enough on the tyres to get the heat into them.[29][30]

Jenson Button driving the BGP 001 at the 2009 Spanish Grand Prix

At the Spanish Grand Prix, the car received its first performance upgrade,[31] but the car's development over the course of the season failed to keep pace with that of its rivals, and in later races was unable to challenge McLaren and Red Bull Racing.

The win in Monaco marked the first time in Formula One history that the same engine had won three Grands Prix in succession.[19]

The car suffered its first and only mechanical retirement at the Turkish Grand Prix when Barrichello lost seventh gear.[32] The only other retirement was in the Belgian Grand Prix, when Button was involved in a collision.

Another notable incident occurred at the Hungarian GP, a suspension spring came off Barrichello's car during the third qualifying period and struck Felipe Massa's helmet that left the Ferrari driver briefly unconscious as he crashed head-on into a tyre barrier, sustaining a serious head injury.

Sponsorship and livery

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The BGP 001 at the 2009 Spanish Grand Prix, with imagery from Terminator Salvation on its rear wing.

When it was first run, the only logos covering the plain white body of the BGP 001 were those of Bridgestone and Brawn GP themselves. Gradually, as the team began earning sponsors, the car began filling up with logos – beginning with that of Henri Lloyd,[33] and shortly followed by Virgin Group following their major sponsorship of the team.[34] MIG Bank became a major sponsor and was advertised on the front of the BGP 001 for Chinese Grand Prix eventually covering the front of the car by themselves.[35]

At the 2009 Spanish Grand Prix, the car sported imagery and the logo of the film Terminator Salvation on its rear wing for the entirety of the race weekend.[36] Before the British Grand Prix the team signed Graham-London. Their logo was shown on the cars' wing mirrors.[37] For the Singapore Grand Prix, Brawn GP secured a sponsorship deal with Canon.[38] For the 2009 Brazilian Grand Prix Brawn GP closed a deal with Petrópolis brewery to stamp their colours and beer brand Itaipava on both cars.[39]

Drivers' helmets

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Jenson Button wore a special helmet at the British Grand Prix, where fans were given the opportunity to design a unique British-themed helmet for Button's home race. Button chose Bernie Zobl's 'Push The Button' design.[40]

Legacy

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The BGP 001 was featured in F1 2009. On 18 June 2018, it was announced by Codemasters that this car would appear as a classic car in F1 2018 and its subsequent releases, F1 2019 and F1 2020.

Chassis log

[edit]
BGP 001 Three built (BGP 001/01–BGP 001/03) – all still in existence as of 2019[41]
BGP 001/01 Shakedown tested by Button at Silverstone on 6 March 2009.[21][42] Raced by Barrichello to victory at Valencia (European GP) and also raced by him previously at Albert Park, Sepang, Shanghai (also fastest lap), Bahrain, Barcelona-Catalunya (Spanish GP; also fastest lap), Monaco, Istanbul, Silverstone, the Nürburgring and the Hungaroring.[43] Used by him only in practice and qualifying at Marina Bay (crashed).[41] Later rebuilt,[41] and used by Mercedes GP as a show car in silver livery.[44] Transferred by Mercedes GP to Button in amicable settlement of legal dispute that went to the High Court in London in June 2010.[44][45] As of 2019 was without engine, gearbox and other parts.[41] Owned by Button until 2024, when he sold it to a private collector.[46] Auctioned at the 2025 Miami Grand Prix,[42][45][46] "mechanically complete with engine and gearbox casing minus gearbox internals."[44]
BGP 001/02 Raced by Button to victories at Albert Park (also pole position), Sepang (also pole position and fastest lap), Bahrain, Barcelona-Catalunya (Spanish GP; also pole position), Monaco (also pole position) and Istanbul (also fastest lap); also raced by him at Shanghai, Silverstone, the Nürburgring and the Hungaroring, Valencia (European GP), Spa-Francorchamps, Monza, Marina Bay, Suzuka, Interlagos (also clinched the championship[16]) and Yas Marina.[47] Used for two years by Mercedes GP as a demonstrator car in silver livery.[41] Later stripped, rebuilt, and acquired by Ross Brawn in 2014.[48][49][50] Returned to running order by D3 Racing Solutions in 2016,[50][49] and then demonstrated by Martin Brundle at that year's Goodwood Festival of Speed.[50][51][52][53] In driveable condition as of 2019,[41] when it was demonstrated by Barrichello and Anthony Davidson at the Goodwood Festival of Speed, and by Button at the British Grand Prix.[54][55][56][57]
BGP 001/03 Taken to the early races and kept in the truck ostensibly as a spare car, but not then fitted, or capable of being fitted, with a Mercedes engine.[16] Raced by Barrichello to a win at Monza, and also previously at Spa-Francorchamps and later at Marina Bay, Suzuka, Interlagos (also pole position) and Yas Marina.[58] Retained by Mercedes GP, which later used it as a show car in silver livery.[44] Not running as of 2019.[41] On loan to the Silverstone Museum as of 2025, back in Brawn GP livery but with plaid trim in the cockpit (similar to that of Mercedes-Benz Formula One cars of the 1950s).[44]

All three chassis were used by Mercedes GP for some time as demonstrator/show cars.[56] One of them (the sources do not indicate which one) was demonstrated by Nick Heidfeld[59] and Nico Rosberg[60] in silver livery at the Goodwood Festival of Speed in 2010.[61]

Complete Formula One results

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(key) (results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year Entrant Engine Tyres Drivers Grands Prix Points WCC
AUS MAL‡ CHN BHR ESP MON TUR GBR GER HUN EUR BEL ITA SIN JPN BRA ABU
2009 Brawn GP F1 Team Mercedes FO108W V8 B United Kingdom Jenson Button 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 6 5 7 7 Ret 2 5 8 5 3 172 1st
Brazil Rubens Barrichello 2 5 4 5 2 2 Ret 3 6 10 1 7 1 6 7 8 4
Sources:[62][63]

‡ Half points awarded as less than 75% of race distance completed.

References

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Further reading

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[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Brawn BGP 001

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The Brawn BGP 001 was a Formula One racing car developed and raced by the team during the 2009 FIA World Championship season. Originally designed by Racing F1 as the RA109, the project was abandoned when Honda withdrew from the sport at the end of 2008, leading to a led by , who rebranded it as and secured engines to complete the car. Powered by the FO 108W 2.4-litre and constructed with a moulded carbon fibre and composite , the BGP 001 featured innovative , including a controversial double diffuser that exploited a regulatory for superior . This underdog machine propelled to an improbable championship double, with clinching the Drivers' and the team securing the Constructors' title in their debut and only season. The car's origins trace back to Honda's ambitious 2009 project, which began under the guidance of technical director Ross Brawn and chief designer Loïc Bigois, but Honda's sudden exit in December 2008 left the team in limbo. Brawn, leveraging Honda's £90 million in support funding, purchased the intellectual property and assets for a symbolic £1, retaining drivers Jenson Button and Rubens Barrichello while partnering with Mercedes for power units and attracting investors like Nick Fry as CEO. The BGP 001 made its test debut on 6 March 2009 at Silverstone, just weeks before the season opener, after the FIA approved the team's entry on 17 March amid rival protests over its diffuser design. Lacking kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) technology to save weight and costs, the car relied on aerodynamic efficiency, including a five-element front wing with double endplates and a low nose with airflow strakes, which contributed to its early-season dominance. In the 2009 season, the BGP 001 delivered stunning results, achieving a 1-2 finish in the Australian Grand Prix with and Barrichello, and going on to win eight of the 17 races. secured victories in six of the first seven Grands Prix, amassing 95 points to win the Drivers' Championship by 11 points over , while Brawn GP's 172 points clinched the Constructors' title by 18.5 over . The car's performance stemmed from winter testing laps that were 1-2 seconds quicker than rivals, validating simulations of its diffuser advantage, though its edge faded mid-season as competitors adapted. With a seven-speed semi-automatic carbon composite gearbox, pushrod suspension, and dimensions of 4,700 mm in length and 1,800 mm in width, the BGP 001 exemplified efficient under severe financial constraints. Following the 2009 season, was sold to Mercedes in November 2009, evolving into Mercedes GP, and the BGP 001 chassis were preserved as historical artifacts, with the BGP 001/01 chassis, gifted to after the season, auctioned for $3.8 million in May 2025. The car's legacy endures as a symbol of motorsport innovation and resilience, often hailed for its role in one of Formula One's greatest underdog stories, influencing future aerodynamic designs despite initial controversies over its legality.

Background and Development

Team Formation

In December 2008, Honda announced its withdrawal from at the end of the season, citing the global financial crisis as the primary reason for the decision, which left the team's future in jeopardy and resulted in the redundancy of approximately 350 staff members. Following the announcement on December 5, 2008, , who had served as team principal for Racing F1, initiated a to preserve the Brackley-based operation, enlisting key personnel including , who continued in his role as CEO to handle commercial aspects. The buyout was completed on March 5, 2009, for a symbolic £1, with Brawn taking a controlling 54% stake, allowing the team to re-emerge as an independent entity named . The formation faced significant initial funding challenges amid the economic downturn, though provided a substantial £92.5 million budget equivalent to redundancy savings to support operations through the 2009 season. To address the loss of 's engine supply, secured a engine deal with in late December 2008, ensuring power units for the upcoming year without a works . This sequence of events—from Honda's withdrawal announcement on December 5, 2008, through the negotiations over the winter, to the shakedown on March 6, 2009, and official FIA confirmation on March 17, 2009—marked the rapid transition to independence, retaining much of the original team's infrastructure and personnel.

Evolution from Honda RA109

The Brawn BGP 001 originated as the RA109, a chassis project initiated by Racing F1 in mid-2008 for the 2009 season, but abandoned following 's sudden withdrawal from the sport on December 5, 2008, due to the global . Under Ross Brawn's leadership as team principal, the incomplete RA109 served as the foundational design for the BGP 001, allowing the newly formed to leverage months of prior development amid severe financial constraints. Key modifications focused on integrating the new powertrain and aligning with the 2009 FIA technical regulations, which included a return to slick tires after a decade of grooved compounds and significant aerodynamic restrictions to reduce and promote closer . Brawn directed the efforts to adapt the for the FO 108W , secured through a customer supply agreement finalized in late December 2008, which required adjustments to the rear suspension geometry and gearbox mounting to accommodate the Mercedes unit's different dimensions and higher power output compared to the original Honda RA809E. The design team, led by chief designer Jörg and head of Loïc Bigois—who had both contributed to the RA109's initial aero package—refined elements like the front wing and sidepods to comply with the narrower track widths and simplified bodywork rules, while exploiting ambiguities in the rear diffuser specifications that would prove pivotal. The evolved BGP 001 made its public debut on March 6, 2009, at , where conducted a shakedown run, marking the first on-track appearance of the car and confirming Brawn GP's readiness for the season despite the rushed transition. This unveiling not only showcased the seamless continuity from the RA109 but also highlighted the team's resourcefulness in transforming a near-defunct project into a competitive contender within weeks.

Design and Technical Specifications

Chassis and Structure

The Brawn BGP 001 utilized a moulded carbon fibre and composite , a standard construction for cars that ensured structural integrity and lightweight performance while complying with the 2009 FIA crash test standards outlined in Article 15 of the technical regulations. This design provided the necessary rigidity for high-speed impacts and energy absorption during frontal, side, and rear collision tests, as mandated by the FIA to enhance driver safety. The served as the central load-bearing structure, housing critical components such as the , , and attachment points for the suspension and . The chassis dimensions complied with FIA regulations, with a maximum width of 1,800 mm and maximum height of 950 mm; the overall length measured 4,700 mm, adhering to overhang restrictions. This configuration allowed for a compact footprint optimized for agile handling on diverse circuits. The BGP 001 met the FIA's minimum weight requirement of 605 kg (including the driver but excluding fuel), achieved through precise and component placement to maintain balanced —typically favoring a slight rear in F1 designs for traction and stability. This adherence to the weight limit, specified in Article 4 of the regulations, was crucial for competitiveness without incurring penalties. The suspension system employed a double wishbone configuration at both axles, with pushrod actuation for the front and rear, incorporating torsion bar springs and rockers to manage and camber changes effectively. Sachs dampers were integrated to control oscillations and provide tunable damping characteristics, contributing to the car's responsive roadholding. The brake setup featured carbon composite discs paired with calipers, offering exceptional heat dissipation and stopping power under the intense demands of Formula One racing. The chassis structure also facilitated seamless integration with aerodynamic elements, supporting the team's focus on generation.

Engine and Transmission

The Brawn BGP 001 was powered by the FO108W , featuring a 2.398-litre displacement in a 90-degree configuration and naturally aspirated design, with a rev limit of 18,000 RPM as mandated by FIA regulations for the 2009 season. The unit included 32 valves, a bore of 98 mm, and weighed 95 kg to meet minimum FIA requirements, while employing electronic multipoint for optimal performance. This engine delivered approximately 750 horsepower at its peak rev limit of 18,000 RPM, providing the BGP 001 with competitive straight-line speed during the early races of the 2009 season. The powertrain ran on High Performance Unleaded fuel, formulated with 5.75% content to comply with environmental standards. The transmission consisted of a seven-speed semi-automatic sequential gearbox housed in a carbon composite maincase, with hydraulic for gear selection and a carbon plate ; it also included one reverse gear for practical operations. The BGP 001 rolled on slick tires, the sole supplier for all Formula 1 teams that year. During pre-season testing, the team addressed minor gearbox reliability concerns arising from limited development time, ensuring the powertrain's dependability throughout the competitive season.

Aerodynamics and Key Innovations

The Brawn BGP 001 featured a pioneering double diffuser design that exploited a loophole in the 2009 FIA technical regulations, allowing a two-stage expansion of exhaust gases under the rear floor to generate significantly increased downforce without violating the prescribed diffuser dimensions. This innovation created a secondary low-pressure zone above the main diffuser, enhancing overall rear aerodynamic grip and enabling higher cornering speeds, with early estimates suggesting an initial lap time advantage of around 0.3 seconds. The design integrated seamlessly with the car's rear crash structure, directing airflow through strategically placed apertures to amplify the effect. The diffuser's legality sparked intense controversy from the season's outset, with rivals including Ferrari and Red Bull protesting its compliance during the Australian Grand Prix and filing formal appeals. After an initial rejection by race stewards, the matter escalated to the FIA International Court of Appeal, which on April 15, 2009, ruled that the diffusers used by Brawn GP, Toyota, and Williams fully complied with the regulations, allowing their continued use throughout the season. Ferrari publicly criticized the decision as an example of "supreme arrogance" from Brawn, but the FIA's verdict stood, confirming the design's adherence to the letter of the 2009 rules despite their intent to limit rear downforce. Up front, the BGP 001 adapted to the 2009 regulations with a low-slung positioned at the minimum allowable height of 125 mm, featuring subtle strakes along its edges to condition airflow and minimize lift over the . This design, unique among 2009 teams for its aggressive positioning, supported a highly complex front wing assembly comprising five elements, sculpted endplates, and an inner fence to optimize flow toward the underbody while meeting the new mandates for wider wings (1,800 mm span) and stricter surface area requirements. The endplates incorporated overlapping vanes that curled downward, effectively spilling high-pressure air around the front wheels to reduce drag and enhance overall aerodynamic efficiency. Due to constrained resources following Honda's withdrawal, opted not to adopt the optional (KERS) for the BGP 001, prioritizing aerodynamic refinements over the added complexity and weight of the energy recovery technology. This decision stemmed from the team's modest budget of approximately £92.5 million and reduced staff, making KERS development impractical amid tight preparation timelines. By forgoing KERS, the team achieved smaller sidepods and better ballast distribution, further emphasizing aero efficiency as the core competitive strategy. Wind tunnel testing during development revealed the BGP 001's superior aerodynamic performance compared to its predecessor, the 2008 RA108, with lap simulation times at improving from 1:21.387 for the RA108 mule to 1:19.127 for the BGP 001—a gain attributable to enhanced downforce-to-drag ratios from the refined diffuser and front-end optimizations. These results underscored the car's ability to generate more effective rear downforce while maintaining balanced drag levels, validating the focus on regulatory loopholes and airflow management.

Production and Logistics

Chassis Build Numbers

Due to the severe financial constraints faced by the newly formed team, which operated on a limited budget of approximately £100 million for the season, only three complete BGP 001 chassis were constructed: BGP001-01, BGP001-02, and BGP001-03. This restricted production reflected the team's urgent transition from ownership and the need to prioritize essential development over additional builds. The chassis allocation was straightforward given the scarcity: BGP001-02 served as Jenson Button's primary car throughout the entire season, contributing to his Drivers' success without requiring a replacement. BGP001-01 was initially assigned to as his race car for the early races, while BGP001-03 functioned primarily as the spare and test unit. No further chassis were produced during the season, necessitating careful repairs and occasional swaps; for instance, after Barrichello damaged BGP001-01 during qualifying at the , he switched to BGP001-03 for the remainder of the year. Following the 2009 season, the fate of the BGP 001 chassis varied. BGP001-01 was auctioned at Bonhams' Auction on May 3, 2025, during the Formula 1 weekend, where it sold for $3.8 million to a private collector. BGP001-02 remains in the possession of former team principal and has been used for promotional demonstrations, including at the 2016 . BGP001-03 is owned by Petronas Formula One Team and loaned to the Museum for display.

Testing and Pre-Season Preparation

The Brawn BGP 001 underwent its initial shakedown at on March 6, 2009, with at the wheel completing a limited number of installation laps to verify basic systems and functionality. The team's pre-season testing programme commenced shortly thereafter at the Circuit de Catalunya in from March 9 to 12, 2009, marking the BGP 001's first competitive outing. handled the opening day on March 9, accumulating 82 laps while focusing on initial setup and reliability checks, placing fourth on the timesheets but showing promising pace. On March 10 and 11, the team continued with mixed driver duties, with logging 124 laps on the latter day to top the session timings at 1:19.127. Barrichello concluded the test on March 12 with 110 laps and the day's fastest time of 1:18.926, including a full race simulation of 68 laps with pit stops, during which he praised the car's reliability and speed. Both drivers noted the BGP 001's superior handling compared to expectations, with describing it as "very planted" and Barrichello highlighting its balance and responsiveness early in sessions. Testing resumed at from to 19, 2009, as the final preparation before the season opener. drove on , completing 114 laps at a best of 1:17.844 while evaluating setups and aerodynamic configurations. The programme emphasized and fine-tuning, with the team accumulating substantial mileage across both venues—approximately 3,500 km in total—to prioritize reliability over outright speed development. Constrained by a reduced budget following the withdrawal, conducted fewer test days than rivals, completing just six days of on-track running compared to the typical 10-15 for established teams. This limitation led to heavy reliance on and simulator data for optimization, though early sessions hinted at the double diffuser's contribution to competitive edge without major reliability issues. emphasized the focus on "proving the car was race-ready" rather than chasing headlines, crediting the drivers' positive feedback on handling for building confidence ahead of .

2009 Season Performance

Driver Lineup and Roles

The Brawn GP team entered the 2009 Formula One season with as its primary driver, retained from the preceding Honda Racing F1 Team lineup and assigned car number 22, positioned as the lead driver focused on contending for the Drivers' Championship. , a British racer with prior Grand Prix experience, brought a blend of qualifying prowess and race-winning potential that aligned with the team's strategy to maximize early-season points. Complementing Button was , the experienced Brazilian veteran assigned car number 23, whose role emphasized providing on-track consistency and valuable setup feedback derived from his extensive tenure spanning over 15 years. Barrichello's seasoned approach helped refine the BGP 001's handling characteristics, contributing to the team's adaptive development under resource limitations. Due to the team's constrained budget following the withdrawal, operated without a dedicated reserve driver, relying instead on occasional testing duties handled by in his capacity as the official test driver. This lean structure underscored the outfit's focus on core operations amid financial pressures estimated at around £100 million, far below rivals like Ferrari or . The driver pairing fostered complementary , with Button's strength in qualifying sessions contrasting Barrichello's adept racecraft and tire management, enabling the duo to alternate strong performances and support Brawn GP's constructors' aspirations. Button's featured a white base with red, white, and blue accents representing the flags of , , and , while Barrichello's was predominantly yellow incorporating Brazilian flag elements in green and yellow. These designs subtly echoed the team's white-and-yellow for visual cohesion.

Race Results and Key Events

The Brawn BGP 001 made an immediate impact in its debut at the , where secured victory from , with teammate finishing second for a dominant 1-2 result that set the tone for the team's early season dominance. This opening success highlighted the car's superior aerodynamics and reliability, allowing to lead the championship from the outset. The team continued its strong form through the early races, with Button claiming victories in , , , , , and , while Barrichello added wins in and . These results showcased the BGP 001's versatility across diverse track conditions, from high-speed circuits like to tight street courses like Monaco, where Button's precise driving secured a narrow win over Barrichello. Barrichello's triumphs demonstrated his experience in managing tire wear and strategy. A pivotal moment came on April 15, 2009, when the FIA's International Court of Appeal confirmed the legality of the BGP 001's double diffuser design, following protests from rival teams like Ferrari and ; this ruling, stemming from a hearing the previous day, upheld the results of the first two races and allowed Brawn to maintain its aerodynamic advantage. However, as the season progressed, rivals such as and adapted by copying elements of Brawn's aero package, leading to a mid-season form dip where the team struggled to match the pace, particularly from the onward. Despite the challenges, the BGP 001 remained competitive, though both drivers encountered setbacks with non-finishes: in after a collision with , while Barrichello suffered a suspension failure in and a collision-related DNF in . These incidents highlighted the car's occasional reliability vulnerabilities under pressure. Interestingly, even when recalculated under the previewed points system of 25 for first, 18 for second, and 15 for third, Brawn's early dominance would have maintained their lead, underscoring the BGP 001's overall impact across the 17-race calendar.
RaceButton PositionBarrichello PositionKey Notes
1st2nd1-2 finish, pole for
1st3rd win in wet conditions
3rdDNF (collision)Vettel () victory
1st3rd's fourth win
1st2nd1-2 finish
1st3rd edges Barrichello
1st2nd's sixth win
Britain6th3rdVettel () victory, rain-affected
5th2ndBarrichello , half points awarded
7th10thHamilton () victory
DNF (collision)1stBarrichello victory
DNF (collision)7thRäikkönen (Ferrari) victory
2nd1stBarrichello victory, 1-2 finish
5thDNF (suspension)Hamilton () win
5th3rdVettel () win
5th10thWebber () win, clinches title
5th9thVettel () win

Championship Outcomes

The Brawn BGP 001 powered to the 2009 Drivers' Championship, which he clinched with a fifth-place finish at the Brazilian Grand Prix, finishing the season with 95 points ahead of Sebastian Vettel's 84 for . This marked the first Drivers' title for a British driver since in 1996. Brawn GP secured the Constructors' Championship with 172 points, an 18.5-point margin over runners-up Red Bull Racing's 153.5. Both titles were mathematically assured after the Brazilian Grand Prix, where Button's points haul and the team's overall tally rendered it impossible for rivals to catch up even with maximum scores in the finale. The BGP 001's campaign set notable , including the most race wins (eight) by a debutant team in a single season. It also represented the first Constructors' title for an independent team since Tyrrell in 1971, highlighting the outfit's remarkable debut-year dominance. Across 34 starts in 17 races, the car achieved 15 finishes, underscoring its consistency and pace throughout the year.

Sponsorship and Visual Identity

Sponsors and Partnerships

The Brawn GP secured its primary financial backing for the 2009 season from , which provided approximately £92.5 million (around $145 million) in funding to cover operations after withdrawing as a at the end of 2008. This funding reflected Honda's residual commitment to the project, as the BGP 001 chassis originated from their RA109 design. served as a key technical and commercial partner by supplying customer engines, enabling the to compete without developing its own power unit. Virgin Group emerged as the title sponsor in a last-minute deal announced by on March 28, 2009, just before the Australian Grand Prix opener, providing an estimated less than $10 million for the season while securing prominent logo placements on the cars. continued as the tire supplier, a carryover arrangement from that all teams utilized in 2009 as the series' exclusive provider. The team's sponsorship strategy emphasized rapid, high-impact partnerships due to its formation in early amid financial uncertainty, prioritizing visible placements on the to capitalize on early race successes. Smaller commercial partners included apparel brand , added ahead of the season start for branding exposure. Overall, Brawn GP operated on a total budget of approximately £104 million, roughly a third to half that of leading rivals like , allowing efficient resource allocation but limiting long-term expansion without additional deals.

Livery and Helmet Designs

The Brawn BGP 001 debuted with a minimalist consisting of a white base color accented by fluorescent yellow flashes and black details, reflecting the team's initial lack of major sponsorship commitments. This scheme was first unveiled during a private shakedown at on March 6, 2009, where the car featured only the tire supplier logo and no driver numbers, emphasizing a stark, provisional aesthetic. As the 2009 season unfolded, the livery evolved to integrate sponsor logos, starting with early additions like and progressing to a major partnership with the announced in late . This update introduced red accents from the Virgin branding, expanding the color palette while increasing white areas for visibility and additional decals; by mid-season, configurations included Virgin logos on the sidepods and rear wing. The overall prioritized high-contrast visibility on track, departing from Honda's prior earth-toned schemes to create a fresh, identity. Jenson Button's helmet for the season shifted from his previous designs to align with the BGP 001's palette, featuring a white base with yellow and black stripes, while retaining motifs integrated around his "Push the Button" slogan and sponsor placements like . Rubens Barrichello's helmet maintained his signature style, incorporating Brazilian flag-inspired elements in green, yellow, and blue on a predominantly white shell, adapted with logos for team cohesion. Both drivers occasionally used special variants, such as Button's Union Jack-emphasized design at the and Barrichello's child-designed helmet at , but the core aesthetics complemented the car's visual identity throughout the campaign.

Legacy and Aftermath

Team Transition to Mercedes

Following the team's Constructors' Championship victory in 2009, which significantly enhanced its and attracted major investment interest, the outfit underwent a swift transition to become a works team. On November 16, 2009, Daimler AG—the parent company of —in partnership with Aabar Investments, announced the acquisition of a 75.1% controlling stake in (with Daimler taking 45.1% and Aabar 30%), leading to the rebranding of the team as Mercedes GP for the 2010 season. The deal, which included the Brackley-based operations and personnel, was valued in its initial phase at approximately £76.9 million for Daimler's portion, with the overall transaction for full control later revealed to total around $175.7 million across staged purchases through 2012. remained in place as team principal to oversee the continuity of the technical and operational structure. The transition prompted key changes in the driver lineup, as both 2009 Brawn pilots departed: joined as their lead driver on a multi-year , while signed with Williams for continued midfield competition. Mercedes GP confirmed , who had raced for Williams in 2009, and seven-time World Champion —returning from retirement—as their new pairing, aiming to leverage experience and youth for immediate competitiveness. For the 2010 car, designated the Mercedes MGP W01, the team carried over select components and design elements from the BGP 001, including aspects of the and Mercedes engine integration that had proven successful, though an entirely new was developed to meet the season's regulations and incorporate Mercedes' input. This hybrid approach allowed for rapid preparation while building on the championship-winning foundation. The financial settlement from the sale was markedly elevated by Brawn GP's success, with the team posting a profit of approximately $154 million that year, providing substantial returns to stakeholders including Brawn and CEO , who continued in his executive role post-acquisition.

Historical Significance

The Brawn BGP 001 exemplified innovation triumphing over financial constraints, achieving Constructors' and Drivers' Championship victories in 2009 with a budget of approximately £104 million, significantly less than rivals such as , whose expenditure exceeded £300 million. This success stemmed from efficient , including the reuse of Honda's pre-existing development and a lean team structure reduced to around 350 staff members following Honda's withdrawal. The BGP 001's performance underscored how strategic engineering could outperform larger budgets, setting a benchmark for cost-effective competition in an era of escalating team expenditures. The car's double diffuser design exploited a regulatory in the 2009 aerodynamic rules, generating superior and propelling to early-season dominance, which in turn influenced subsequent FIA clarifications and bans. Although permitted through the season due to widespread adoption by other teams, surrounding its interpretation prompted stricter aerodynamic regulations starting in 2011, effectively outlawing double diffusers to prevent similar exploits and promote closer competition. This episode highlighted the BGP 001's role in shaping F1's technical evolution, forcing regulators to refine wording on bodywork and diffuser dimensions for greater equity. As a , the BGP 001 has been immortalized in media and collectibles, including the 2023 Disney+ documentary Brawn: The Impossible Formula 1 Story, which chronicles the team's improbable journey and has amplified its underdog narrative in motorsport lore. Chassis BGP 001/01, primarily used by during the 2009 season and later owned by , fetched $3.8 million at a Bonhams during the 2025 , reflecting its enduring value as a symbol of F1 resilience. The BGP 001 holds the record as the first new entrant to secure both world titles in its debut season, inspiring countless tales of perseverance against odds in F1 history. The BGP 001's legacy extends to long-term impacts on , particularly through the 2010 acquisition by Mercedes, which preserved Brawn's engineering ethos and laid the groundwork for the German manufacturer's dominance from 2014 onward under the hybrid era regulations. Ross Brawn's emphasis on integrated power unit development and aerodynamic efficiency carried forward, enabling Mercedes to win eight consecutive Constructors' titles from 2014 to 2021. This transition not only validated the BGP 001's foundational principles but also demonstrated how a one-season wonder could seed multi-decade success.

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