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Bapatla
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Bapatla is a town and district headquarters of Bapatla district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality and the mandal headquarters of Bapatla mandal of Bapatla revenue division. The nearest towns and cities to Bapatla are Chirala, Ponnur, Tenali and Guntur of 17 km, 22 km, 50 km and 53 km respectively.[6][2]
Key Information
Etymology
[edit]The name Bapatla is derived from the presiding deity of the Bhavanarayana Temple, which is believed to date back to the Mauryan period. Historically, the town was known as Bhavapuri during the time of the Mauryan Empire, reflecting its connection to the temple and the deity worshipped there.[7] The town has also been referred to as Bhavapattana,[8] Bhavapattu[9] and Bhavapatta.[10] These names were derived from the temple, which was constructed in 1465 by a Chola king named Krimikantha Chola and later restored. Over time, these names evolved into the present name of Bapatla.[11]
Geography
[edit]The coordinates of the town are 15°54′16″N 80°28′3″E / 15.90444°N 80.46750°E and is located at an altitude of 8 mts from the coast of Bay of Bengal.[3]
Climate
[edit]The town experiences tropical climate with the average annual temperatures records at 28.4 °C (83.1 °F). Hot summers and cool winters are observed due to its proximity to the coast of Bay of Bengal. It receives both South west monsoon and North-east monsoon as well.[12] The precipitation is very high with an annual rainfall of about 854 millimetres (34 in) and the month of October receives a maximum rainfall of 197 millimetres (8 in).[13] It is most affected by the cyclonic storms that occur on the east coast.[14]
| Climate data for Bapatla (1991–2020, extremes 1978–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.0 (95.0) |
35.4 (95.7) |
39.3 (102.7) |
43.7 (110.7) |
47.4 (117.3) |
47.0 (116.6) |
40.8 (105.4) |
41.0 (105.8) |
38.7 (101.7) |
36.0 (96.8) |
35.5 (95.9) |
33.2 (91.8) |
47.4 (117.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 29.6 (85.3) |
30.9 (87.6) |
32.7 (90.9) |
34.1 (93.4) |
37.8 (100.0) |
37.3 (99.1) |
34.8 (94.6) |
33.9 (93.0) |
33.3 (91.9) |
31.8 (89.2) |
30.5 (86.9) |
29.7 (85.5) |
33.0 (91.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.6 (63.7) |
19.2 (66.6) |
22.2 (72.0) |
25.8 (78.4) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.0 (80.6) |
25.8 (78.4) |
25.3 (77.5) |
25.2 (77.4) |
23.9 (75.0) |
21.3 (70.3) |
18.3 (64.9) |
23.2 (73.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 11.6 (52.9) |
11.8 (53.2) |
14.8 (58.6) |
19.6 (67.3) |
16.1 (61.0) |
21.7 (71.1) |
21.3 (70.3) |
20.4 (68.7) |
18.4 (65.1) |
17.9 (64.2) |
12.4 (54.3) |
11.1 (52.0) |
11.1 (52.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 16.2 (0.64) |
10.6 (0.42) |
0.3 (0.01) |
18.2 (0.72) |
43.8 (1.72) |
107.2 (4.22) |
133.6 (5.26) |
176.7 (6.96) |
205.3 (8.08) |
192.4 (7.57) |
99.2 (3.91) |
25.1 (0.99) |
1,028.5 (40.49) |
| Average rainy days | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 6.0 | 8.2 | 9.4 | 8.5 | 8.3 | 3.8 | 1.2 | 49.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 66 | 66 | 68 | 70 | 62 | 57 | 61 | 66 | 73 | 77 | 75 | 68 | 67 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[15][16] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]As of 2011[update] Census of India, the town had a population of 100300 with 98,216 households. The total population constituted 54,385 males and 56,392 females —a sex ratio of 1058 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 940 per 1000. Bapatla is second largest populated town in Bapatla District, Chirala Town is the largest populated Town in newly formed Bapatla District.
[17] 6,182 children were in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 3,156 were boys and 3,026 were girls—a ratio of 959 per 1000. The average literacy rate stood at 80.67% with 52,106 literates, significantly higher than the national average of 73.00%.[2][18]
Governance
[edit]Bapatla district collectorate
[edit]The very first Bapatla district Collector is K.Vijaya krishnan IAS.
- 2022-
Civic administration
[edit]Bapatla Municipality was established in 1951. It oversees the civic needs of the town like, water supply, sewage, and garbage collection. It is a Grade–I municipality which has an extent of 17.92 km2 (6.92 sq mi) with 34 wards.[1]
Utility services
[edit]Kommamuru and Poondla channels of the Krishna Western Delta system provide irrigation water to Bapatla and the surrounding areas.[19]
Politics
[edit]Bapatla, being a part of Bapatla mandal, falls under Bapatla assembly constituency of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Vegesana Narendra Varma Raju of Telugu Desam Party is the present MLA of the constituency.[20] The assembly segment is in turn a part of Bapatla (SC) lok sabha constituency and the present MP is Tenneti Krishna Prasad of the Telugu Desam Party.[21][22]
Key points
[edit]Bapatla district collectorate – Mr. J. Venkata Murali IAS.
Bapatla Sub-Division of police – A.Srinivas.
Member of Parliament – Krishna Prasad Tenneti
Member of the Legislative Assembly – Vegesana Narendra Varma
Economy
[edit]Aquaculture and agriculture are the main occupations of the coastal areas of the town. Aquaculture involves pisciculture and the farming is dominant with paddy cultivation.[23][12] The Cairn India have conducted oil drilling onshore of Bapatla which is a part of KG basin stretch.[24]
Tourism also plays a role in generating revenue with the presence of Suryalanka Beach near the town, operated by the Andhra Pradesh Tourism Development Corporation.[25]
Cityscape
[edit]Bapatla is characterized by its rich history and unique architecture, prominently showcased in the Bhavanarayanaswami Temple and Centenary Baptist Zion Church.[26] Bhavanarayanaswami temple exemplifies the Dravidian style of art and architecture, a distinctive feature of South Indian temples. The city's landscape is marked by a blend of ancient structures and modern development, reflecting the evolution of Bapatla over the centuries.[27] The Clock Tower, built in 1948, was demolished for road extension and was rebuilt in December 2017.[28] The Suryalanka Beach connected by the Beach Road of the town hosts the Bhavapuri Beach Festival every year.[25]
Memorials
[edit]The Edward Coronation Memorial Town Hall was built in 1905 in coronation of the then Emperor of India, Edward VII.[29]
- On the road leading to the Suryalanka beach is a Town Hall in this coastal town. Constructed to commemorate the coronation of Edward VII, Emperor of India, the Town Hall which still retains its shape after 113 years, continues to hold the centre stage in the town and is a place of recreation. The Hall was constructed with public donations without any assistance from the government or local funds. The Edward Coronation Memorial Town Hall was inaugurated by Broodie, then Guntur district Collector on 17 July 1905. The Hall witnessed many historic moments including the first Andhra Conference in 1913 which paved the way for the creation of a movement for linguistic States. It hosted the First Andhra Provincial Conference in 1913 where a clarion call was given for a separate Telugu State, under the presidentship of Bayya Narasimheswara Sarma. All important meetings of public nature were held in the compound and it had become a hub for all cultural, literary and political activities. Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Babu Rajendra Prasad, Jayaprakash Narayan, Dange and many other Andhra leaders visited it and addressed people. The Victoria Diamond Jubilee Club and News Paper Club started in 1896 in Bapatla were merged with the Town Hall in 1905.
Transport
[edit]The town has a total road length of 165.50 km (102.84 mi).[30]
Until 1963, private Bus Services were the sole source of transport in Bapatla. APSRTC started operations in 1964 with its bus services to various parts of the state from Bapatla bus station.[31] The town has frequent buses to Vijayawada, Guntur, Ponnur, Repalle and Chirala.[32][33]
- The National Highway 216 passes through the town, which connects Digamarru and Ongole.[34] State Highway 48 also known as Guntur-Bapatla-Chirala (G.B.C) Road passes through Ponnur and connects the town with the district headquarters, Guntur.
- Bapatla railway station is located on the New Delhi-Chennai mainline & Howrah-Chennai main line of Indian Railways. It is a –A category station and was recognized as an Adarsh station in the Vijayawada railway division of South Central Railway zone.[35]
Education and research
[edit]
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the School Education Department of the state.[36][37] The mediums of instruction followed by different schools are English and Telugu.
The town has many schools, colleges and universities. The Agricultural College was established on 11 July 1945 by Government of Composite Madras State. It is the oldest of all the colleges under Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University.[38] College of Agricultural Engineering & College of Food Science and Technology under Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University,[39] Bapatla Polytechnic College,[40] and Bapatla College of Arts & Sciences, Bapatla Engineering College, & Bapatla Women' Engineering College under Nagarjuna University[41] are other prominent ones.
Research and defense establishments
[edit]An automatic weather station of India Meteorological Department is located in the town which records the temperatures.[42] BPT 5204 (rice variety of Sona Masuri), BPT 2270 (Bhavapuri Sannalu) and BPT 2231 (Akshaya) were developed at this rice research unit.[43][44] There are also a number of research institutes of this agricultural university, such as the AICRP on Betelvine, and a cashew research station.[45]
Air Force base
[edit]Suryalanka Indian Air Force base on the shore of the Bay of Bengal is located near Bapatla. The base carries out activities such as testing missiles and guided weapon firing range.[46]
Notable people
[edit]- Stanam Narasimha Rao, Indian Theatre Artist and Cinema actor, well known for his female roles in the first two decades of Indian cinema, and a Padmari awardee
- Komaravolu Sivaprasad, whistle singer
- kanuparthi Vara Lakshmamma, was a Freedom Fighter, writer & Social Activist. She established Stree Hitaishini Mandali.
- Nori Gopala Krishna Murthy was a popular Civil Engineer known for his contributions to Koyna Hydro Electric Project and Bhakra Nangal Dam. He was honored with Padmasri and Padma Bhushan by the Government of India.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs" (PDF). Directorate of Town and Country Planning. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ a b c "District Census Handbook – Guntur" (PDF). Census of India. pp. 14, 46. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
- ^ a b "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Bapatla, India". fallingrain.com.
- ^ "Census 2011". The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
- ^ "Statistical Abstract of Andhra Pradesh, 2015" (PDF). Directorate of Economics & Statistics. Government of Andhra Pradesh. p. 43. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
- ^ "Guntur District Mandals" (PDF). Census of India. pp. 102, 112. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
- ^ Rao, Dr. P. Purnachandra (2023). Chronicle of Guntur District Tourism (1 ed.). Guntur: Acharya Nagarjuna University. p. 26.
- ^ "Stories of Bapatla, a Seacoast Town". The Hans India. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- ^ Kumari, M. Krishna (1 September 1985). Rule of the Chalukya-Cholas in Andhradesa. B.R. Pub. Corp. ISBN 9788170182542.
- ^ Annual Report of the Department of Archaeology & Museums, Andhra Pradesh . Government of Andhra Pradesh. 1981.
- ^ "Bhavanarayana Swamy Temple". Official website of Guntur District. National Informatics Centre. Archived from the original on 2 June 2017. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ a b "Water woes bog down Bapatla ryots". 28 October 2015. Archived from the original on 6 April 2021. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ "CLIMATE: BAPATLA". Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ "Cylcones and depressions over the north Indian Ocean during 2010" (PDF). MAUSAM. 62: 287. 3 July 2011. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ "Station: Bapatla Climatological Table 1991–2020" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1991–2020. India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 April 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
- ^ "Sex Ratio". The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
- ^ "Chapter–3 (Literates and Literacy rate)" (PDF). Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
- ^ "Water woes bog down Bapatla ryots". The Hindu. 28 October 2015. Archived from the original on 6 April 2021. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ "MLA". AP State Portal. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
- ^ "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 22,31. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
- ^ "MP (Lok Sabha)". Government of AP. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
- ^ Avadhani, R (31 August 2014). "Floating sensor buoy saves aqua farmers from 'drowning'". The Hindu. Sangareddy. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
- ^ Sudhakar Reddy, U (16 September 2015). "Oil search moves to Guntur". Deccan Chronicle. Hyderabad. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
- ^ a b Sujatha Varma, P (23 December 2015). "Plans apace for Bhavapuri Beach Festival". The Hindu. Guntur. Archived from the original on 16 August 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
- ^ "115-year-old Baptist Zion Church dedicated". The Hindu. Bapatla. 30 November 2015. Archived from the original on 6 April 2021. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Bhavapuriwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Clock Tower to be built again at Bapatla". The Hindu. Bapatla. 25 October 2014. Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
- ^ Jonathan, P. Samuel (18 July 2018). "A piece of history in Bapatla". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
- ^ "Details of Roads in each ULB of Andhra Pradesh". Commissioner and Directorate of Municipal Administration. Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department – Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
- ^ "Bus Stations in Districts". Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation. Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
- ^ Samuel Jonathan, P (8 October 2015). "Nizampatnam backwaters beckon adventure geeks". The Hindu. Guntur. Archived from the original on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ "Narrow roads prove to be a bane at Ponnur". The Hindu. Ponnur (Guntur district. 8 June 2012. Archived from the original on 1 July 2018. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ "National Highways in A.P". AP Online Portal. Archived from the original on 10 October 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
- ^ "Vijayawada division – A Profile" (PDF). South Central Railway. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ "School Education Department" (PDF). School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- ^ "The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal | AP State Portal". www.ap.gov.in. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
- ^ "Agricultural College, Bapatla". agcbapatla.in. Archived from the original on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
- ^ "College of Food Science & Technology – Bapatla". angrau.ac.in. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
- ^ "Bapatla Polytechnic College". Bpcbapatla.net. Archived from the original on 29 May 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
- ^ "The Bapatla College of Arts, Sciences". bcasbapatla.ac.in. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
- ^ "List of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS)" (PDF). Indian Meteorological Department, AWS Lab. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ "Sona Masuri variety rice". Business Standard. Chennai/ Hyderabad. 30 November 2011. Archived from the original on 14 June 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
- ^ Samuel Jonathan, P (25 May 2010). "Two new rice varieties developed". Guntur. Archived from the original on 6 April 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
- ^ "List of Research Stations in the Krishna Zone". angrau.ac.in. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
- ^ Samuel Jonathan, P (19 February 2015). "Southern Air Command chief visits Suryalanka IAF station". Bapatla. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
Bapatla
View on GrokipediaHistory
Etymology and origins
The name Bapatla derives from the ancient term Bhavapuri or Bhavapattana, referring to the town's central Bhavanarayana Swamy Temple dedicated to the deity Ksheera Bhavanarayana Swamy, a form of Vishnu, with the appellation evolving over time into Bhavapatla and eventually its modern form.[10][11] The temple, recognized as a swayambhu (self-manifested) shrine and under the protection of the Archaeological Survey of India, features the presiding deity alongside consort Sundarvalli Ammavaru and has long served as the settlement's religious and cultural nucleus.[12] Historical accounts attribute the temple's construction or initial patronage to the Chola era, with one tradition dating it to the reign of King Krimikanta Chola around the 5th century CE based on Salihuhana Saka 515 chronology, though epigraphic evidence more firmly attests to its prominence by the 12th century through land grants inscribed by Kakatiya ruler Rudramadevi.[13][14] Later restorations occurred under local zamindars, including Raja Vasireddy Venkatadri Naidu in the 18th-19th centuries, who also conferred the alternate name Chattúrmukhapuram—signifying a city oriented toward the four cardinal directions—highlighting the site's enduring significance amid regional political shifts.[15][16] Bapatla's origins as a settlement are intertwined with the temple's development, fostering early agrarian and pilgrimage-based communities in the fertile coastal plains of Andhra Pradesh, with textual references suggesting antiquity predating medieval inscriptions but lacking precise pre-Chola archaeological corroboration beyond regional Buddhist influences hypothesized in local lore.[11]Role in Andhra statehood movement
Bapatla served as the venue for the inaugural Andhra Conference on May 26, 1913, held in the local town hall, which represented a foundational event in the organized push for a separate Telugu-speaking state detached from the Madras Presidency. [17] This gathering, presided over by Sir Bayya Narasimheswara Sarma as the first president of the Andhra Mahasabha, articulated demands for linguistic reorganization to preserve Telugu culture and address administrative inequities faced by Telugu speakers under Tamil-dominated governance.[18] [7] The conference resolved to form the Andhra Mahasabha as a formal body to advocate for these goals, marking Bapatla as the symbolic origin of the movement that eventually led to the creation of Andhra State on October 1, 1953.[19] Local leaders and residents in Bapatla actively participated, contributing to resolutions that emphasized economic self-determination and cultural autonomy, influencing subsequent agitations across the Telugu regions.[20] While the movement gained national prominence later through Potti Sreeramulu's 56-day fast unto death in 1952—which triggered widespread riots and compelled Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru to concede statehood—Bapatla's early conference laid the ideological groundwork by institutionalizing the demand decades prior.[19] This event underscored the town's strategic coastal location and intellectual hub status in fostering regional identity politics amid British colonial policies favoring composite presidencies.[21]Post-independence developments
Following India's independence in 1947, Bapatla experienced growth in its educational infrastructure, particularly through the establishment of the Bapatla Education Society in 1962. Registered under the Societies Act XXI of 1860, the society aimed to promote educational and cultural institutions in the region.[22] This initiative led to the founding of several colleges, including the Bapatla Engineering College in 1981, which began with an intake of 180 students in civil, mechanical, and electrical engineering disciplines.[23] Agricultural research also advanced significantly post-independence at the Agricultural College Bapatla, originally founded in 1945 but achieving notable milestones thereafter. During 1980-1983, Dr. M. V. Reddy, serving as professor and principal, released the high-yielding rice variety BPT 5204, known as Samba Mashuri, which contributed to increased productivity and was marketed extensively by the Andhra Pradesh State Seeds Development Corporation.[24] This development supported Bapatla's agrarian economy, centered on paddy cultivation along the coastal plains. Bapatla's civic administration evolved with the town being upgraded to a municipality to manage expanding urban needs such as water supply and sanitation, reflecting broader post-independence urbanization trends in Andhra Pradesh after its formation in 1956. The region benefited from state-level infrastructure improvements, including enhancements to the Bapatla railway junction, facilitating connectivity and trade.District formation and recent administrative changes
Bapatla District was established on April 4, 2022, through the Andhra Pradesh government's district reorganization under the YSR Congress Party administration, which expanded the state's districts from 13 to 26 to promote decentralized development.[25][26] The new district was carved out primarily from the northern portions of the erstwhile Guntur district, incorporating 25 mandals such as Bapatla, Addanki, Chirala, Repalle, and Pittapuram, with Bapatla town designated as the headquarters.[27] This restructuring followed preliminary notifications issued on January 26, 2022, and was formalized via gazette on April 3, 2022, aligning district boundaries roughly with Lok Sabha constituencies for administrative efficiency.[28] The area's administrative history traces back to the Madras Presidency era, where Bapatla taluk was created in 1794 within Guntur district, formed in 1904; subsequent taluk splits, such as Tenali into Tenali and Repalle in 1909, shaped the pre-2022 setup until Guntur's further reorganization in 1977 into 11 taluks.[29] The 2022 formation aimed to reduce administrative burdens on larger districts like Guntur but drew criticism for hasty implementation and mismatched boundaries, prompting post-2024 reviews under the subsequent Telugu Desam Party-led government.[30] Following the 2024 assembly elections, the Andhra Pradesh government constituted a Group of Ministers (GoM) in July 2025 to reassess the 2022 reorganization, soliciting public proposals on district mergers, boundary revisions, and renamings.[30] For Bapatla specifically, stakeholders from Chirala advocated shifting the headquarters there and renaming the district after local figures like Duggirala Gopala Krishnayya, while others proposed detaching Addanki (merged from Prakasam district in 2022) for potential reintegration elsewhere; ministers were directed to compile these inputs by September 15, 2025.[31] As of October 2025, no structural changes have been enacted, though officials in Bapatla and neighboring districts have prepared merger proposals, such as combining Addanki with Kandukur, with decisions anticipated by early 2026.[32] Routine administrative updates, including IAS officer transfers—like the appointment of a new joint collector in October 2025—continue without altering district contours.[33]Geography and Environment
Location and physical features
Bapatla is situated in the coastal region of Andhra Pradesh, India, along the Bay of Bengal, at coordinates approximately 15°54′N 80°28′E.[34] The town serves as the administrative headquarters of Bapatla district, which was formed in 2022 by carving out territory from the former Guntur district, encompassing a coastal plain terrain with low elevation averaging 8 meters above sea level.[34][35] The physical landscape features flat deltaic plains influenced by the Krishna River, which flows through the district and supports fertile alluvial deposits.[35] Predominant soil types include sandy loamy and black cotton soils, with significant areas of coastal sandy ecosystems and salt-affected lands totaling 11,894 hectares, conducive to agriculture but requiring management for salinity.[36][37][35] Notable coastal features include sandy beaches such as Suryalanka, characteristic of the Coromandel Coast's low-lying, sediment-rich environment.[38] The region lies between the Eastern Ghats to the west and the Bay of Bengal to the east, forming part of Andhra Pradesh's broader coastal agro-ecological zone with minimal topographic variation.[39]Climate and natural resources
Bapatla district features a tropical climate typical of coastal Andhra Pradesh, with high temperatures year-round, elevated humidity due to proximity to the Bay of Bengal, and a pronounced wet season driven by the southwest monsoon. Average annual rainfall measures 925.3 mm, concentrated between June and October, supporting agricultural cycles but occasionally leading to flooding in low-lying areas.[1] Summer months (March to June) see maximum temperatures frequently surpassing 40°C, while winter (December to February) brings milder conditions with daytime highs of 28–30°C and lows around 21–22°C.[40] The region experiences minimal seasonal variation in daylight and temperature extremes moderated by sea breezes, though cyclones from the Bay of Bengal pose periodic risks. Natural resources in Bapatla are predominantly agrarian and aquatic, leveraging fertile alluvial and coastal soils covering approximately 70% black cotton soils ideal for water-retentive crops like paddy, and 30% sandy loamy soils suited to pulses and oilseeds. The total cropped area spans 194,882 hectares, with 85,729 hectares under multiple cropping, sustained by irrigation from the Krishna Western Delta system and groundwater sources.[1] Coastal and brackish water bodies support extensive aquaculture, encompassing 20,389 acres farmed by over 7,360 operators, yielding marine fish, shrimp, and inland prawns; a proposed Nizampatnam fishing harbor aims to handle 62,000 tonnes annually.[6] [1] Minor mineral resources include sand deposits in Bhattiprolu and Kollur mandals, alongside gravel in several mandals including Amarthalur, Karlapalem, and Bapatla, extracted for construction but limited compared to agricultural output. No significant metallic or industrial minerals are documented.[1]Demographics
Population and growth trends
As per the 2011 census conducted by the Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, the population of Bapatla municipality was 70,777, consisting of 34,385 males and 36,392 females.[41][42] This yielded a sex ratio of 1,058 females per 1,000 males and a literacy rate of 80.67%, exceeding the national urban average of 85.01% but reflecting urban educational access in the region.[42] The town's population growth has been modest, with a decadal increase of 3.32% from 68,397 in 2001 to 70,777 in 2011, equating to an average annual growth rate of 0.33%.[3]| Census Year | Population | Decadal Growth Rate (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 68,397 | - |
| 2011 | 70,777 | 3.32 |