Chloephaga

Sheldgoose
	Ruddy-headed goose, Chloephaga rubidiceps
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Anseriformes
Family:	Anatidae
Subfamily:	Tadorninae
Genus:	Chloephaga; Eyton, 1838
Type species
	Anas magellanica = Anas leucoptera; Gmelin, JF 1789
Species
	Chloephaga melanoptera; Chloephaga picta; Chloephaga hybrida; Chloephaga poliocephala; Chloephaga rubidiceps;

Chloephaga is a genus of sheldgeese in the family Anatidae. Other sheldgeese are found in the genera Alopochen and Neochen.

Taxonomy

The genus Chloephaga was introduced in 1838 by the English naturalist Thomas Campbell Eyton in his A Monograph on the Anatidae, or Duck Tribe.^[2] He designated the type species as Chloephaga magellanica. This is Anas magellanica Gmelin, JF 1789, which is a synonym of Anas leucoptera Gmelin, JF 1789. Anas leucoptera is now considered as a subspecies of the upland goose Chloephaga picta leucoptera.^[3] The genus name comes from the combination of the Ancient Greek khloē meaning "grass" with -phagos meaning "-eating".^[4]

A molecular phylogenetic study by Mariana Bulgarella and collaborators published in 2014 found that the Orinoco goose in the monotypic genus Neochen, was embedded in the genus Chloephaga:^[5]

	Orinoco goose (Neochen jubata)

	Andean goose (Chloephaga melanoptera)

	Ashy-headed goose (Chloephaga poliocephala)

	Ruddy-headed goose (Chloephaga rubidiceps)

	Upland goose (Chloephaga picta)

	Kelp goose (Chloephaga hybrida)

Based on this result, some authorities place the Orinoco goose together with the Andean goose in the resurrected genus Oressochen.^[6]^[7]^[8]

A fossilized partial coracoid (CTES-PZ 7797) of an indeterminate Chloephaga species sharing some characters with the extant upland goose is known from the upper Pleistocene Toropí Formation (also called the Yupoí Formation) in Corrientes Province, Argentina, 700 kilometers further north than the northernmost present-day record of the genus.^[9]

Species

The genus contains five species.^[10]

Genus *Chloephaga* – Eyton, 1838 – five species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Andean goose	Chloephaga melanoptera (Eyton, 1838)	Peru to south Chile and Argentina	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Upland goose or Magellan goose Male Female	Chloephaga picta (Gmelin,, 1789) two subspecies C. p. picta (Gmelin, 1789), C. p. leucoptera (Gmelin, 1789),	southernmost South America	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Kelp goose Male Female	Chloephaga hybrida (Molina, 1782) two subspecies C. h. hybrida (Molina, 1782) C. h. malvinarum (Phillips, 1916)	Chile's southern half to the eastern tip of Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Ashy-headed goose	Chloephaga poliocephala P.L. Sclater, 1857	southernmost South America	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Ruddy-headed goose	Chloephaga rubidiceps Sclater, PL, 1861	Tierra del Fuego, Chile and the Falkland Islands and southern Argentina	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC

References

^ "Anatidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
^ Eyton, Thomas Campbell (1838). A Monograph on the Anatidae, or Duck Tribe. London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman. p. 13.
^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 447.
^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^ Bulgarella, M.; Kopuchian, C.; Giacomo, A.S.D.; Matus, R.; Blank, O.; Wilson, R.E.; Mccracken, K.G. (2014). "Molecular phylogeny of the South American sheldgeese with implications for conservation of Falkland Islands (Malvinas) and continental populations of the Ruddy-headed Goose Chloephaga rubidiceps and Upland Goose C. picta". Bird Conservation International. 24 (1): 59–71. doi:10.1017/S0959270913000178. hdl:11336/25659.
^ Jaramillo, Alvaro (July 2014). "Proposal 637: Treat Chloephaga melanoptera and Neochen jubata as congeners". South American Classification Committee, American Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
^ Davenport, L.; Endo, W.; Kriese, K. (2020). Schulenberg, T.S. (ed.). "Orinoco Goose (Oressochen jubatus), version 1.0". Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.origoo1.01. S2CID 216415094.
^ Duvall, A. (2020). Schulenberg, T.S. (ed.). "Andean Goose (Oressochen melanopterus), version 1.0". Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.andgoo1.01.
^ Álvarez-Herrera, Gerardo P.; Agnolín, Federico L.; Méndez, Cecilia; Luna, Carlos; Cuaranta, Pedro; Contreras, Silvina; Zurita, Alfredo E. (19 August 2022). "The Northernmost record of the goose genus Chloephaga (Eyton, 1838) (Aves, Anatidae) and its biogeographical implications". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 119 103988. Bibcode:2022JSAES.11903988A. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103988. ISSN 0895-9811. S2CID 251705841.
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Screamers, ducks, geese & swans". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2 July 2022.

[HM4-1] "Anatidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 5 August 2023.

[2] Eyton, Thomas Campbell (1838). A Monograph on the Anatidae, or Duck Tribe. London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman. p. 13.

[3] Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 447.

[4] Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[5] Bulgarella, M.; Kopuchian, C.; Giacomo, A.S.D.; Matus, R.; Blank, O.; Wilson, R.E.; Mccracken, K.G. (2014). "Molecular phylogeny of the South American sheldgeese with implications for conservation of Falkland Islands (Malvinas) and continental populations of the Ruddy-headed Goose Chloephaga rubidiceps and Upland Goose C. picta". Bird Conservation International. 24 (1): 59–71. doi:10.1017/S0959270913000178. hdl:11336/25659.

[6] Jaramillo, Alvaro (July 2014). "Proposal 637: Treat Chloephaga melanoptera and Neochen jubata as congeners". South American Classification Committee, American Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2 July 2022.

[7] Davenport, L.; Endo, W.; Kriese, K. (2020). Schulenberg, T.S. (ed.). "Orinoco Goose (Oressochen jubatus), version 1.0". Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.origoo1.01. S2CID 216415094.

[8] Duvall, A. (2020). Schulenberg, T.S. (ed.). "Andean Goose (Oressochen melanopterus), version 1.0". Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY, USA: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.andgoo1.01.

[9] Álvarez-Herrera, Gerardo P.; Agnolín, Federico L.; Méndez, Cecilia; Luna, Carlos; Cuaranta, Pedro; Contreras, Silvina; Zurita, Alfredo E. (19 August 2022). "The Northernmost record of the goose genus Chloephaga (Eyton, 1838) (Aves, Anatidae) and its biogeographical implications". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 119 103988. Bibcode:2022JSAES.11903988A. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103988. ISSN 0895-9811. S2CID 251705841.

[ioc-10] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Screamers, ducks, geese & swans". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2 July 2022.

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Sheldgoose

Ruddy-headed goose, Chloephaga rubidiceps
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Anseriformes
Family:	Anatidae
Subfamily:	Tadorninae
Genus:	Chloephaga Eyton, 1838
Type species
Anas magellanica^[1] = Anas leucoptera Gmelin, JF 1789
Species
Chloephaga melanoptera Chloephaga picta Chloephaga hybrida Chloephaga poliocephala Chloephaga rubidiceps