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Jugaad
Jugaad or jugaar (Hindustani: जुगाड़ / جگاڑ jugāṛ) is a concept of non-conventional, frugal innovation on the Indian subcontinent. It also includes innovative fixes or simple workarounds, solutions that bend the rules, or resources that can be used in such a way. It is considered creative to make existing things work and create new things with meager resources.
Jugaad is increasingly accepted[when?] as a management technique and is recognized all over the world as a form of frugal innovation. Companies in Southeast Asia are adopting[when?] jugaad as a practice to reduce research and development costs. Jugaad also applies to any kind of creative and out-of-the-box thinking or life hacks that maximize resources for a company and its stakeholders. Jugaad is however, also argued to be not limited to management circles but rather about infrastructural arrangements deployed by product designers and users that allow for versatility and improvisation of use and repair.
According to author and professor Jaideep Prabhu, jugaad is an "important way out of the current[when?] economic crisis in developed economies and also holds important lessons for emerging economies".
Jugaad can also refer to a homemade or locally made vehicle in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. They are made by local mechanics using wooden planks, metal sheets and parts taken from different machines and vehicles.
One type of jugaad is a quadricycle, a vehicle made of wooden planks and old SUV parts, variously known as kuddukka[clarification needed] and peter rehra in Northern India. However, jugaad is also used as a term for any low-cost vehicle which typically costs around Rs 50,000 (US$674.77). Jugaads may be powered by a diesel engine originally intended to power agricultural irrigation pumps. They are known for poor brakes, and cannot go faster than about 60 km/h (37 mph). The vehicle often carries more than 20 people at a time in remote locations and poor road conditions.
Though no statistical data is available, it is reported that there are a number of instances of failing brakes, requiring a passenger to jump off and manually apply a wooden block as a brake. As part of research for his 2013 book, Innovation and a Global Knowledge Economy in India, Thomas Birtchnell, a lecturer of Sustainable Communities at University of Wollongong, Australia, found that of 2,139 cases of road traffic casualties in 72 hours at J N Medical College hospital in Aligarh, 13.88% of pedestrian casualties were due to jugaad. It was stated by Minister of Road Transport and Highways Pon Radhakrishnan that jugaad do not conform to the specifications of a motor vehicle under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. These vehicles hence do not have any vehicle registration plate and they are not registered with the Regional Transport Office (RTO). Hence, no road tax is paid on them, neither there exists any official count of such vehicles.
Jugaad vehicles are not officially recognized as road-worthy, and despite a few proposals to regulate them, vote-bank politics have trumped safety concerns. The improvised vehicles have now become rather popular as a means to transport all manner of burdens, from lumber to steel rods to school children. For safety reasons the Government of India has officially banned jugaad vehicles.
Another type of jugaad called bike-rehra or motorcycle-rehri, a motorcycle, moped or scooter modified into motorized trikes are used in the northern states of India, especially Punjab.
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Jugaad
Jugaad or jugaar (Hindustani: जुगाड़ / جگاڑ jugāṛ) is a concept of non-conventional, frugal innovation on the Indian subcontinent. It also includes innovative fixes or simple workarounds, solutions that bend the rules, or resources that can be used in such a way. It is considered creative to make existing things work and create new things with meager resources.
Jugaad is increasingly accepted[when?] as a management technique and is recognized all over the world as a form of frugal innovation. Companies in Southeast Asia are adopting[when?] jugaad as a practice to reduce research and development costs. Jugaad also applies to any kind of creative and out-of-the-box thinking or life hacks that maximize resources for a company and its stakeholders. Jugaad is however, also argued to be not limited to management circles but rather about infrastructural arrangements deployed by product designers and users that allow for versatility and improvisation of use and repair.
According to author and professor Jaideep Prabhu, jugaad is an "important way out of the current[when?] economic crisis in developed economies and also holds important lessons for emerging economies".
Jugaad can also refer to a homemade or locally made vehicle in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. They are made by local mechanics using wooden planks, metal sheets and parts taken from different machines and vehicles.
One type of jugaad is a quadricycle, a vehicle made of wooden planks and old SUV parts, variously known as kuddukka[clarification needed] and peter rehra in Northern India. However, jugaad is also used as a term for any low-cost vehicle which typically costs around Rs 50,000 (US$674.77). Jugaads may be powered by a diesel engine originally intended to power agricultural irrigation pumps. They are known for poor brakes, and cannot go faster than about 60 km/h (37 mph). The vehicle often carries more than 20 people at a time in remote locations and poor road conditions.
Though no statistical data is available, it is reported that there are a number of instances of failing brakes, requiring a passenger to jump off and manually apply a wooden block as a brake. As part of research for his 2013 book, Innovation and a Global Knowledge Economy in India, Thomas Birtchnell, a lecturer of Sustainable Communities at University of Wollongong, Australia, found that of 2,139 cases of road traffic casualties in 72 hours at J N Medical College hospital in Aligarh, 13.88% of pedestrian casualties were due to jugaad. It was stated by Minister of Road Transport and Highways Pon Radhakrishnan that jugaad do not conform to the specifications of a motor vehicle under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. These vehicles hence do not have any vehicle registration plate and they are not registered with the Regional Transport Office (RTO). Hence, no road tax is paid on them, neither there exists any official count of such vehicles.
Jugaad vehicles are not officially recognized as road-worthy, and despite a few proposals to regulate them, vote-bank politics have trumped safety concerns. The improvised vehicles have now become rather popular as a means to transport all manner of burdens, from lumber to steel rods to school children. For safety reasons the Government of India has officially banned jugaad vehicles.
Another type of jugaad called bike-rehra or motorcycle-rehri, a motorcycle, moped or scooter modified into motorized trikes are used in the northern states of India, especially Punjab.