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Ohio State University
Ohio State University
Ohio State University
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The Ohio State University (Ohio State or OSU) is a public land-grant research university in Columbus, Ohio, United States. A member of the University System of Ohio, it was founded in 1870. It is one of the largest universities by enrollment in the United States, with nearly 50,000 undergraduate students and nearly 15,000 graduate students. The university consists of sixteen colleges and offers over 400 degree programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels.[7]

Key Information

It is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". As of 2024, the university has an endowment of $7.9 billion. Its athletic teams compete in NCAA Division I as the Ohio State Buckeyes as a member of the Big Ten Conference for the majority of fielded sports.

It is a member of the Association of American Universities. Past and present alumni and faculty include 6 Nobel Prize laureates, 9 Rhodes Scholars, 7 Churchill Scholars, 1 Fields Medalist, 7 Pulitzer Prize winners, 64 Goldwater scholars, 1 Costa Rican president, 1 U.S. vice president, 7 U.S. senators, 15 U.S. representatives, and 104 Olympic medalists.

History

[edit]
Main article: History of Ohio State University

Overview

[edit]

1870–1899 Foundational era

[edit]
University Hall was the first building on campus, built in 1873 and reconstructed in 1976

The proposal of a manufacturing and agriculture university in central Ohio was initially met in the 1870s with hostility from the state's agricultural interests, and with competition for resources from Ohio University, which was chartered by the Northwest Ordinance and Miami University.[8] Championed by the Republican governor Rutherford B. Hayes, the Ohio State University was founded in 1870 as a land-grant university under the Morrill Act of 1862 as the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College.[8]

The university opened its doors to 24 students on September 17, 1873. In 1878, the first class of six men graduated. The first woman graduated the following year.[9] Also in 1878, the Ohio legislature recognized an expanded scope for the university by changing its name to "the Ohio State University".[10][11]

1900–1980 Middle era

[edit]
A view of The Oval green space in the early 20th century

In 1906, Ohio State segregationist[12] president William Oxley Thompson, along with the university's supporters in the state legislature, put forth the Lybarger Bill with the aim of shifting virtually all higher education support to the continued development of Ohio State while funding only the "normal school" functions of the state's other public universities. Although the Lybarger Bill failed narrowly to gain passage, in its place the Eagleson Bill was passed as a compromise, which determined that all doctoral education and research functions would be the role of Ohio State, and that Miami University and Ohio University would not offer instruction beyond the master's degree level – an agreement that would remain in place until the 1950s. In 1916, Ohio State was elected into membership in the Association of American Universities.[13]

In 1911, president Thompson wrote in a letter, "the race problem is growing in intensity every year, and I am disposed to doubt the wisdom on the part of the colored people of taking any move that practically forces the doctrine of social equality."[14] At the same time, Ohio State "practiced racial segregation" that was widespread across the country at the time against Black students, and "there is no known evidence [Thompson] saw benefits in addressing it".[14] In 2024, after attempts were made to remove Thompson's statue from the Oval, university spokesperson Ben Johnson stated "the naming review process is thoughtful and thorough and therefore could take several years", but the statue has not been removed.[12]

With the onset of the Great Depression, Ohio State would face many of the challenges affecting universities throughout America as budget support was slashed, and students without the means of paying tuition returned home to support families. By the mid-1930s, however, enrollment had stabilized due in large part to the role of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and later the National Youth Administration.[15] By the end of the decade, enrollment had still managed to grow to over 17,500. In 1934, the Ohio State Research Foundation was founded to bring in outside funding for faculty research projects. In 1938, a development office was opened to begin raising funds privately to offset reductions in state support.

In 1952, Ohio State founded the interdisciplinary Mershon Center for International Security Studies, which it still houses. The work of this program led to the United States Department of Homeland Security basing the National Academic Consortium for Homeland Security at the university in 2003.

1980–present Modern era

[edit]

Ohio State had an open admissions policy until the late 1980s. Since the early 2000s, the college has raised standards for admission, and been increasingly cited as one of the best public universities in the United States.[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The main campus in Columbus has grown into the fifth-largest university campus in the United States.[23]

On January 12, 2015, OSU claimed the first-ever College Football Playoff National Championship by defeating Oregon 42–20.[24][25][26]

On June 22, 2022, the United States Patent and Trademark Office granted the university a trademark on the word "the" in relation to clothing, such as T-shirts, baseball caps and hats distributed and/or sold through athletic or collegiate channels.[27][28] In recent years, Ohio State and its fans, in particular those of its athletics program, have frequently emphasized the word "THE" when referring to the school.[29]

Main article: List of presidents of Ohio State University

Michael V. Drake became the 15th president of Ohio State in 2014.[30] In 2020, Kristina M. Johnson took office as the 16th president.[31] And in 2023, Walter E. Carter Jr. took office as the 17th president.[32]

Significant events

[edit]

1969–1970 Vietnam War protests

[edit]

Throughout 1969, anti-Vietnam War protest tensions grew on Ohio State's campus. What is now Bricker Hall was occupied by students, but after being told they had "five minutes to leave, or they'd be arrested", students departed from the building. In late April 1970, anti-war riots ensued on Ohio State campus, leading to nearly 300 arrests, over 60 injuries, and seven gunshot wounds.[33] Students began "boycotting classes with a student strike, protesting the university's rejection of a list of demands presented the week before. Specific demands included adding black and women's studies to the university's courses." On April 29, 1970, five days before the Kent State shootings, students picketed buildings, but this initially peaceful protest "started to spiral out of control" after Ohio State Highway Patrol troopers arrived in riot gear. When a man was assaulted by three students, tear gas was deployed, in response to which protesters threw rocks at the National Guard. Seven students were struck with a shotgun blast near the Student Union. There were no casualties, and the shooter was not identified.

1978–1998 Richard Strauss sexual abuse scandal

[edit]
This section is an excerpt from Ohio State University abuse scandal.[edit]

The Ohio State University abuse scandal centered on allegations of sexual abuse that occurred between 1978 and 1998, while Richard Strauss was employed as a physician by the Ohio State University (OSU) in the Athletics Department and in the Student Health Center. An independent investigation into the allegations was announced in April 2018 and was conducted by the law firm Perkins Coie.

In July 2018, several former wrestlers accused former head coach Russ Hellickson and U.S. representative Jim Jordan, who was an assistant coach at OSU between 1987 and 1994, of knowing about Strauss's alleged abuse but failing to take action to stop it. Jordan has denied that he had any student-athlete report sexual abuse to him.

The report, released in May 2019, concluded that Strauss abused at least 177 male student-patients and that OSU was aware of the abuse as early as 1979, but the abuse was not widely known outside of athletics or student health until 1996, when he was suspended from his duties. Strauss continued to abuse OSU students at an off-campus clinic until his retirement from the university in 1998. OSU was faulted in the report for failing to report Strauss's conduct to law enforcement.

In May 2020, the university entered into a settlement and agreed to pay $40.9 million to 162 sexual abuse survivors.[34] Five lawsuits against the university are pending.[35]

2003 University District arson

[edit]
This section is an excerpt from 2003 Columbus, Ohio arson.[edit]
On 13 April 2003, a fire was set at a house in the University District of Columbus, Ohio, killing five university students (two from Ohio State University and three from Ohio University). Despite an arrest early on, the murders have remained unsolved.

2016 terrorist attack

[edit]
This section is an excerpt from 2016 Ohio State University attack.[edit]
Police presence on the OSU campus, view from Curl Market

On November 28, 2016, a terrorist vehicle-ramming and stabbing attack occurred at 9:52 a.m. EST at Ohio State University's Watts Hall in Columbus, Ohio. The attacker, Somali refugee Abdul Razak Ali Artan, was shot and killed by the first responding OSU police officer, and 13 people were hospitalized for injuries.

Authorities began investigating the possibility of the attack being an act of terrorism. On the next day, law enforcement officials stated that Artan was inspired by terrorist propaganda from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and the late radical Muslim cleric Anwar al-Awlaki. Amaq News Agency released a statement claiming the attacker responded to an ISIL call to attack coalition citizens, though there is no evidence of direct contact between the group and Artan.

2023–2025 pro-Palestinian campus protests

[edit]
Officers arresting a pro-Palestinian protester at the Gaza Solidarity Encampment, April 25, 2024
These paragraphs are an excerpt from Gaza war protests at Ohio State University.[edit]

A series of protests at Ohio State University by pro-Palestinian demonstrators are ongoing and began on-campus following the outbreak of the Gaza war and genocide. A solidarity encampment was constructed on OSU's South Oval on April 25, 2024 during which there were at least 36 arrests, making for the largest en masse arrests on campus since the 1969–1970 Vietnam War protests.[36]

The protester demands of OSU include "financial divestment, academic boycott, financial disclosure, acknowledging the genocide, and ending targeted policing".[37][38][39]

Pro-Palestinian groups have been critical of the university's responses to the protests, which have included allowing state troopers to aim sniper rifles at students during the dispersal of the Gaza Solidarity Encampment,[40][41][42][43] suspending a pro-Palestinian student organization,[44][45][46] and blocking the Undergraduate Student Government's attempts at passing legislation for financial divestment from Israel after receiving pressure from officials in Zionist organization Hillel International.[47][48][49]

Following protests, the OSU administration coordinated multi-agency police operations, implemented a campus-wide chalking ban, and expelled a pro-Palestinian social media influencer; state-level officials floated invoking a 1953 anti-KKK statute against pro-Palestinian protesters who wore face coverings, suggested terminating faculty members who encourage or engage in "violence on campus", and passed the "CAMPUS" Act to formalize free speech restrictions; and officials in the Trump administration revoked the student visa of at least one pro-Palestinian protester at OSU and threatened to withdraw funding from OSU if they did not sufficiently "combat antisemitism" on campus. These actions have been met with multiple lawsuits over alleged violations of First and Fourteenth Amendment rights.

The university has insisted their actions are politically neutral, with OSU President Ted Carter stating the "university's long-standing space rules are content neutral and are enforced uniformly".[50] Critics argue the university engages in selective enforcement of university space rules, enforcing policies disproportionately against pro-Palestinian groups and not similarly against other groups on campus.

Campus

[edit]
See also: List of buildings at Ohio State University
Map
Interactive map of the university's main campus in Columbus

Ohio State's 1,764-acre (7.14 km2) main campus is about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) north of Columbus' downtown. The historical center of campus is the Oval, a quad of about 11 acres (4.5 ha).[51] The original campus was laid out in the English country style with University Hall overlooking what would become the Oval. From 1905 to 1913, the Olmsted brothers, who had designed New York City's Central Park, were contracted as architectural consultants. Under their leadership, a more formal landscape plan was created with its center axis through the Oval. This axis shifted the university's street grid 12.25 degrees from the City of Columbus' street grid. Construction of the main library in 1915 reinforced this grid shift.[52]

The East Atrium at the William Oxley Thompson Memorial Library

Ohio State's research library system has a combined collection of over 5.8 million volumes. Along with 21 libraries on its Columbus campus, the university has eight branches at off-campus research facilities and regional campuses, and a book storage depository near campus. In all, the Ohio State library system encompasses 55 branches and specialty collections. Some more significant collections include the Byrd Polar Research Center Archival Program, which has the archives of Admiral Richard E. Byrd and other polar research materials; the Hilandar Research Library, which has the world's largest collection of medieval Slavic manuscripts on microform; the Ohio State Cartoon Library & Museum, the world's largest repository of original cartoons; the Lawrence and Lee Theatre Research Institute; and the archives of Senator John Glenn.

Anchoring the traditional campus gateway at the eastern end of the Oval is the 1989 Wexner Center for the Arts. Designed by architects Peter Eisenman of New York and Richard Trott of Columbus, the center was funded in large part by Ohio State alumnus Les Wexner's gift of $25 million in the 1980s. The center was founded to encompass all aspects of visual and performing arts with a focus on new commissions and artist residencies. Part of its design was to pay tribute to the armory that formerly had the same location. Its groundbreaking deconstructivist architecture has resulted in it being lauded as one of the most important buildings of its generation. Its design has also been criticized as proving less than ideal for many of the art installations it has attempted to display. The centerpiece of the Wexner Center's permanent collection is Picasso's Nude on a Black Armchair, which was purchased by Wexner at auction for $45 million.[citation needed]

Aerial view of the main campus, with Drinko Hall and the South Oval in the foreground

To the south of the Oval is another, somewhat smaller expanse of green space commonly referred to as the South Oval. At its eastern end, it is anchored by the Ohio Union. To the west are Hale Hall, the Kuhn Honors House, Browning Amphitheatre (a traditional stone Greek theatre) and Mirror Lake.

Knowlton Hall, dedicated in October 2004, is at the corner of West Woodruff Avenue and Tuttle Park Place, next to Ohio Stadium. Knowlton Hall along with the Fisher College of Business and Hitchcock Hall form an academic nucleus in the northwestern corner of North campus. Knowlton Hall was designed by Atlanta-based Mack Scogin Merrill Elam along with WSA Studio from Columbus. The Hall is home to the KSA Café, the disciplines of architecture, landscape architecture, city and regional planning, and about 550 undergraduate and graduate students. Knowlton Hall stands out from the general reddish-brown brick of Ohio State's campus with distinctive white marble tiles that cover the building's exterior. This unique wall cladding was requested by Austin E. Knowlton, the namesake of and main patron to the creation of Knowlton Hall. Knowlton also requested that five white marble columns be erected on the site, each column representing one of the classical orders of architecture.[53]

The Ohio State College of Medicine is on the southern edge of the central campus. It is home to the James Cancer Hospital, a cancer research institute and one of the National Cancer Institute's 41 comprehensive cancer centers, along with the Richard M. Ross Heart Hospital, a research institute for cardiovascular disease.

The campus is served by the Campus Area Bus Service.

Regional campuses

[edit]

The university also operates regional campuses in five areas:

Academics

[edit]

Undergraduate admissions

[edit]
Undergraduate admissions statistics
2021 entering
class[54]Change vs.
2016
Admit rate57.2%
(Neutral increase +3.1)
Yield rate25.3%
(Decrease −7.4)
Test scores middle 50%
SAT Total1260–1420
(among 21% of FTFs)
ACT Composite26–32
(among 64% of FTFs)
  1. Among students who chose to submit
  2. Among students whose school ranked

Ohio State is considered a selective public university.[55] Undergraduate admissions selectivity to Ohio State is rated as 91/99 by The Princeton Review (meaning "highly selective")[56] and "more selective" by U.S. News & World Report;[57] according to the data, it is the most selective for any public university in the state of Ohio. The New York Times classifies Ohio State as a "highly selective public college".[55]

For the Class of 2025 (enrolled fall 2021), Ohio State received 58,180 applications and accepted 33,269 (57.2%). Of those accepted, 8,423 enrolled, a yield rate (the percentage of accepted students who choose to attend the university) of 25.3%. OSU's freshman retention rate is 93.9%, with 88% going on to graduate within six years.[54]

Of the 21% of the incoming freshman class who submitted SAT scores; the middle 50 percent Composite scores were 1260–1420.[58][54] Of the 64% of enrolled freshmen in 2021 who submitted ACT scores, the middle 50 percent Composite score was between 26 and 32.[54][59][60] In the 2020–2021 academic year, 26 freshman students were National Merit Scholars.[61][62]

Fall First-Time Freshman Statistics[54][63][64][65][66][67]
2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
Applicants 58,180 49,087 47,703 48,077 47,782 44,845
Admits 33,269 33,619 25,634 24,988 22,964 24,265
Admit rate 57.2 68.5 53.7 52.0 48.1 54.1
Enrolled 8,423 8,679 7,716 7,944 7,209 7,938
Yield rate 25.3 25.8 30.1 31.8 31.4 32.7
ACT composite*
(out of 36) 		26–32
(64%†)		 26–32
(80%†)		 28–32
(78%†)		 27–32
(80%†)		 27–31
(86%†)		 27–31
(84%†)
SAT composite*
(out of 1600) 		1260–1420
(21%†)		 1230–1390
(36%†)		 1300–1420
(39%†)		 1240–1450
(35%†)		 1260–1450
(29%†)		 —
* middle 50% range
† percentage of first-time freshmen who chose to submit

Rankings and recognition

[edit]
Academic rankings
National
Forbes[68]72
U.S. News & World Report[69]43
Washington Monthly[70]68
WSJ/College Pulse[71]99
Global
ARWU[72]82
QS[73]190
THE[74]116 (tie)
U.S. News & World Report[75]66 (tie)

The Public Ivies: America's Flagship Public Universities (2000) by Howard and Matthew Greene listed Ohio State as one of a select number of public universities offering the highest educational quality.[17] In its 2023 edition, U.S. News & World Report ranked Ohio State as tied for 43rd among all national universities. They ranked the college's political science, audiology, sociology, speech–language pathology, finance, accounting, public affairs, nursing, social work, healthcare administration and pharmacy programs as among the top 20 programs in the country.[57] The Academic Ranking of World Universities placed Ohio State 39-51 nationally and 101–150 globally for 2023. In its 2024 rankings, Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked it tied for 99th in the world. In 2024, QS World University Rankings ranked the university 151st in the world.[78] The Washington Monthly college rankings, which seek to evaluate colleges' contributions to American society based on factors of social mobility, research and service to the country by their graduates, placed Ohio State 61st among national universities in 2023.[79]

The Ohio Union was the first student union at a state university in the United States.[80]

In 1916, Ohio State became the first university in Ohio to be extended membership into the Association of American Universities, and remains the only public university in Ohio among the organization's 60 members. Ohio State is also the only public university in Ohio to be classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Highest Research Activity" and have its undergraduate admissions classified as "more selective".[81]

Ohio State's political science program is ranked among the top programs globally. Considered to be one of the leading departments in the United States, it has played a particularly significant role in the construction and development of the constructivist and realist schools of international relations.[18][82] In 2004, it was ranked as first among public institutions and fourth overall in the world by British political scientist Simon Hix at the London School of Economics and Political Science,[83][84] while a 2007 study in the academic journal PS: Political Science & Politics ranked it ninth in the United States.[18] It is a leading producer of Fulbright Scholars.[85]

Bloomberg Businessweek ranked the undergraduate business program at Ohio State's Fisher College of Business as the 14th best in the nation in its 2016 rankings.[86]

The Ohio State linguistics department was recently ranked among the top 10 programs nationally, and top 20 internationally by QS World University Rankings.[87]

The college is the only school in North America that offers an ABET-accredited welding engineering undergraduate degree.[88][89]

Research

[edit]
OSU colleges and schools
College of Dentistry
College of Education and Human Ecology
College of Engineering
College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences
College of Medicine
College of Nursing
College of Optometry
College of Pharmacy
College of Public Health
College of Social Work
College of Veterinary Medicine
College of Arts and Sciences
Graduate School
John Glenn College of Public Affairs
Max M. Fisher College of Business
Moritz College of Law
The Wexner Medical Center campus

The National Science Foundation ranked Ohio State University 12th among American universities for research and development expenditures in 2021 with $1.23 billion.[90][91]

In a 2007 report released by the National Science Foundation, Ohio State's research expenditures for 2006 were $652 million, placing it seventh among public universities and 11th overall, also ranking third among all American universities for private industry-sponsored research. Research expenditures at Ohio State were $864 million in 2017. In 2006, Ohio State announced it would designate at least $110 million of its research efforts toward what it termed "fundamental concerns" such as research toward a cure for cancer, renewable energy sources and sustainable drinking water supplies.[92] In 2021, President Kristina M. Johnson announced the university would invest at least $750 million over the next 10 years toward research and researchers.[93] This was announced in conjunction with Ohio State's new Innovation District, which will be an interdisciplinary research facility and act as a hub for healthcare and technology research, serving Ohio State faculty and students as well as public and private partners.[94] Construction of the facility was completed in 2023, as one of the first buildings in the District.[95]

Research facilities include Aeronautical/Astronautical Research Laboratory, Byrd Polar Research Center, Center for Automotive Research, (OSU CAR), Chadwick Arboretum, Biomedical Research Tower, Biological Sciences Building, CDME, Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Heart and Lung Research Institute, Electroscience Laboratory, Large Binocular Telescope (LBT, originally named the Columbus Project), Mershon Center for International Security Studies, Museum of Biological Diversity, National Center for the Middle Market, Stone Laboratory on Gibraltar Island, Center for Urban and Regional Analysis and Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center.

Endowment and fundraising

[edit]

Ohio State was among the first group[96] of four public universities to raise a $1 billion endowment when it passed the $1 billion mark in 1999. At the end of 2005, Ohio State's endowment stood at $1.73 billion, ranking it seventh among public universities and 27th among all American universities.[97] In June 2006, the endowment passed the $2 billion mark.

In recent decades, and in response to continually shrinking state funding, Ohio State has conducted two significant multi-year fundraising campaigns. The first concluded in 1987 and raised $460 million, a record at the time for a public university. The "Affirm Thy Friendship Campaign" took place between 1995 and 2000. With an initial goal of raising $850 million, the campaign's final tally was $1.23 billion, placing Ohio State among the small group of public universities to have successfully conducted a $1 billion campaign.[98] At his welcoming ceremony, returning President E. Gordon Gee announced in the fall of 2007 that Ohio State would launch a $2.5 billion fundraising campaign. In 2019, celebrating the university's 150th year, President Michael V. Drake announced the "Time and Change Campaign"[99] with a goal of raising $4.5 billion from 1 million individual donors.[100]

Student life

[edit]
The Recreation and Physical Activity Center and Scarlet Skyway

The Office of Student Life has partnership affiliations with the Schottenstein Center, the Blackwell Inn and the Drake Events Center. Services supporting student wellness include the Wilce Student Health Center, named for university physician John Wilce, the Mary A. Daniels Student Wellness Center and the Counseling and Consultation Service.

The RPAC is the main recreational facility on campus. The Wellness Center within the RPAC offers services such as nutrition counseling, financial coaching, HIV and STI testing, sexual assault services, and alcohol and other drug education.[101]

Ohio State's "Buckeye Bullet" electric car broke the world record for the fastest speed by an electric vehicle on October 3, 2004, with a maximum speed of 271.737 mph (437.318 km/h) at the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah.[102] The vehicle also holds the U.S. record for fastest electric vehicle with a speed of 314.958 mph (506.876 km/h), and peak timed mile speed of 321.834 mph (517.942 km/h). A team of engineering students from the university's "Center for Automotive Research-Intelligent Transportation" (CAR-IT) designed, built and managed the vehicle. In 2007, Buckeye Bullet 2 was launched. This follow-up effort was a collaboration between Ohio State engineering students and engineers from the Ford Motor Company and will seek to break the land speed record for hydrogen cell powered vehicles.[103]

Diversity

[edit]
Student body composition as of May 2, 2022
Race and ethnicity[104] Total
White 66%
 
Asian 8%
 
Black 7%
 
Foreign national 7%
 
Other[a] 7%
 
Hispanic 5%
 
Economic diversity
Low-income[b] 18%
 
Affluent[c] 82%
 

Sexual harassment handling

[edit]
Further information: Ohio State University abuse scandal

In June 2018, Ohio State dissolved its Sexual Civility and Empowerment unit and eliminated four positions in the unit due to concerns about mismanagement and a lack of support for survivors of sexual assault.[105] This occurred after the unit was suspended in February 2018 and following an external review.[106] The Columbus Dispatch and the school newspaper, The Lantern, reported that "[SCE] failed to properly report students' sexual-assault complaints" and that some victims were told that they were "'lying', 'delusional', 'suffering from mental illness', 'have an active imagination', that they 'didn't understand their own experience', and also 'fabricated their story'".[107][108] With help from the Philadelphia law firm Cozen O'Connor, the university will be creating[when?] a new framework to handle sexual assault cases and reevaluating its Title IX program.

On July 20, 2018, BBC News reported that over 100 male students, including athletes from 14 sports, had reported sexual misconduct by a deceased university team physician, Richard Strauss.[109] The reports dated back to 1978, and included claims that he groped and took nude photographs of his patients. Four former wrestlers filed a lawsuit against Ohio State for ignoring complaints of "rampant sexual misconduct" by Strauss. U.S. representative Jim Jordan was named in the lawsuit and has since denied the former wrestlers' claims that he knew about the abuse while he was an assistant coach for eight years at the university.[110][better source needed] In May 2020, the university entered into a settlement and agreed to pay $40.9 million to the sexual abuse survivors.[111]

Activities and organizations

[edit]
Hale Hall was the original home of the Ohio Union.

The Ohio Union was the first student union built by an American public university.[80] It is dedicated to the enrichment of the student experience, on and off the university campus. The first Ohio Union, on the south edge of the South Oval, was constructed in 1909 and was later renamed Enarson Hall. The second Ohio Union was completed in 1950 and was prominently along High Street, southeast of the Oval. It was a center of student life for more than 50 years, providing facilities for student activities, organizations and events, and serving as an important meeting place for campus and community interaction. The union also housed many student services and programs, along with dining and recreational facilities. The second Ohio Union was demolished in February 2007 to make way for the new Ohio Union, which was finished in 2010. During this time, student activities were relocated to Ohio Stadium and other academic buildings.[112]

The university has over 1,000 student organizations; intercollegiate, club and recreational sports programs; student media organizations and publications, fraternities and sororities; and three student governments.

Student organizations

[edit]

Student organizations at Ohio State provide students with opportunities to get involved in a wide variety of interest areas including academic, social, religious, artistic, service-based, diversity and many more. There are over 1,000 registered student organizations that involve many thousands of students.[113] The university's forensics team has won the state National Forensics Association tournament several times.[114]

Block "O" is currently the largest student-run organization on the campus of Ohio State. With over 2,400 annual members, Block "O" serves as the official student cheering section at athletic events for the university. According to the Student Organization Office in the Ohio Union, Agricultural Education Society is the oldest student organization on campus. The Men's Glee Club often disputes the claim, but after consultation with Ohio Union Staff, Agricultural Education Society was named as the university's oldest organization.

Fans celebrating Ohio State's victory in the 2019 Rose Bowl with the Ohio State University Marching Band

Each year, students may sign up to participate in BuckeyeThon, Ohio State's student-led philanthropy. The organization hosts events throughout the year to support the hematology/oncology/bone marrow transplant unit[115] at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus.[116] Each February, thousands of students and community members attend BuckeyeThon's signature event, a Dance Marathon consisting of two separate 12-hour shifts. In the past 15 years, students have raised over $5 million to support treatment, research, and various therapies at the hospital.[117] Unique to BuckeyeThon is the use of an operational fund separate from the main philanthropic cancer fund. As a registered non-profit, BuckeyeThon is subject to university audit and issues gift receipts through the Foundation.[118]

Ohio State has several student-managed publications and media outlets. The Makio is the official yearbook.[119] The Makio's sales plummeted by 60% during the early 1970s; the organization went bankrupt and stopped publication during the late 1970s. The book was revived from 1985 to 1994 and again in 2000, thanks to several student organizations. The Lantern is the school's daily newspaper and has operated as a laboratory newspaper[clarification needed] in the School of Communication (formerly the School of Journalism) since 1881. Mosaic is a literary magazine published by Ohio State, which features undergraduate fiction, poetry and art. The Sundial is a student-written and -published humor magazine. Founded in 1911, it is one of the oldest humor magazines in the country, but has not been published without large interruptions.[120][121] Ohio State has two improvisational comedy groups that regularly perform around campus and across the U.S.[122][123] There are two student-run radio stations: AROUSE, the music station, is home to over 100 student DJs, streaming music and independent content,[124] and Scarlet and Gray Sports Radio.[125] Students also operate a local cable TV channel known as Buckeye TV, which airs primarily on the campus closed cable system operated by the Office of the Chief Information Officer (OCIO).

Student government

[edit]

At the Ohio State University, three recognized student governments represent their constituents.[126]

  1. Undergraduate Student Government (USG), which consists of elected and appointed student representatives who serve as liaisons from the undergraduate student body to university officials. USG seeks to outreach to and work for the students at Ohio State.
  2. Council of Graduate Students (CGS), which promotes and provides academic, administrative and social programs for the university community in general and for graduate students in particular. The council provides a forum in which the graduate student body may present, discuss and set upon issues related to its role in the academic and non-academic aspects of the university community.
  3. Inter-Professional Council (IPC), which is a representative body of all professional students in the colleges of dentistry, law, medicine, optometry, pharmacy and veterinary medicine. Its purpose is to act as a liaison between these students and the governing bodies of the university.

Residential life

[edit]
South Campus Gateway

Ohio State operates 41 on-campus residence halls divided into three geographic clusters: South Campus (site of the university's original dormitories), North Campus (largely constructed during the post-war enrollment boom) and West Campus ("The Towers").[127] The residence hall system has 40 smaller living and learning environments defined by social or academic considerations.

Separate housing for graduate and professional students is maintained on the Southern tier of campus within the Gateway Residential Complex and the William H. Hall Student Residential Complex. Family housing is maintained at Buckeye Village at the far northern edge of campus beyond the athletic complex.

Student Life University Housing also administers student residential housing on the OSU Newark, OSU Mansfield and OSU Agricultural Technical Institute (ATI) campuses.

The Residence Hall Advisory Council (RHAC), which is a representative body of all students living in the university's residence halls, helps evaluate and improve the living conditions of the residence halls.[128]

  • North Campus: Archer House, Barrett House, Blackburn House, Bowen House, Busch House, Drackett Tower, Halloran House, Haverfield House, Houck House, Houston House, Jones Tower, Lawrence Tower, Mendoza House, Norton House, Nosker House, Raney House, Scott House, Taylor Tower, Torres House
  • South Campus: Baker Hall East, Baker Hall West, Bradley Hall, Canfield Hall, Fechko House, German House, Hanley House, Mack Hall, Morrison Tower, Neil Avenue, Park-Stradley Hall, Paterson Hall, Pennsylvania Place, Pomerene House, Scholars East, Scholars West, Siebert Hall, Smith-Steeb Hall, The Residence on Tenth, Worthington Building
  • West Campus: Lincoln Tower, Morrill Tower
  • Off-campus: South Campus Gateway Apartments, Veterans' House

Athletics

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Main article: Ohio State Buckeyes
See also: Ohio State Buckeyes football, Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball, Ohio State Buckeyes women's basketball, Ohio State Buckeyes baseball, and Ohio State Buckeyes men's ice hockey
Ohio Stadium is the fifth largest stadium in the world.

Ohio State's intercollegiate sports teams are called the "Buckeyes" (derived from the colloquial term for people from the state of Ohio and after the state tree, the Ohio Buckeye, Aesculus glabra),[129] and participate in the NCAA's Division I in all sports (Division I FBS in football) and the Big Ten Conference in most sports. (The women's hockey program competes in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association.) The school colors are scarlet and gray. Brutus Buckeye is the mascot. Ohio State currently has 36 varsity teams. As of 2017, the football program is valued at $1.5 billion, the highest valuation of any such program in the country.[130] The team's rivalry against the University of Michigan has been termed as one of the greatest in North American sports.[131]

Men's basketball against Duke at Value City Arena in 2021

Ohio State is one of six universities – the University of Michigan, the University of Florida, Stanford University, UCLA and the University of California at Berkeley being the others – to have won national championships in all three major men's sports (baseball, basketball and football).[132] Ohio State is also one of only two universities to appear in the national championship games in both football and men's basketball in the same calendar year (the other being the University of Florida). Ohio State has also won national championships in wrestling, men's volleyball, men's swimming and diving, men's outdoor track and field, men's golf, men's gymnastics, men's fencing, women's rowing, co-ed fencing and multiple synchronized swimming championships.[133] The Ohio State equestrian team has won eight Intercollegiate Horse Show Association national championships.[134] Since the inception of the Athletic Director's Cup, Ohio State has finished in the top 25 each year, including top-six finishes in three of the last five years.[135] During the 2005–2006 school year, Ohio State became the first Big Ten team to win conference championships in football, men's basketball and women's basketball. Ohio State repeated the feat during the 2006–2007 school year, winning solo championships in all three sports. In 2007, Sports Illustrated nicknamed Ohio State's athletic program as being "The Program" due to the unsurpassed facilities, an unparalleled number of men's and women's sports teams and their success, and the financial support of an impressive fan base.[136]

Traditions

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The 1976 University Hall is one of the most prominent buildings on campus.

The Ohio State University Marching Band is famous for "Script Ohio", during which the band marches single-file through the curves of the word "Ohio", much like a pen writes the word, all while playing the French march "Le Regiment de Sambre et Meuse".[137]

"Across the Field", a fight song used by teams of all sports, has been played at events since 1915.[138] "Buckeye Battle Cry", the second fight song which was first performed in 1928, is played as the marching band enters via the Ohio Stadium ramp.[139]

Affiliated media

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Ohio State operates a public television station, WOSU-TV (virtual channel 34/DT 16, a local PBS TV station), as well as two public radio stations, WOSU-FM 89.7(NPR/BBC news/talk) and WOSA-FM 101.1 (classical, "Classical 101") in Columbus.

Notable people

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Main article: List of Ohio State University people

Alumni

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Jesse Owens, American track and field athlete and four-time gold medalist in the 1936 Olympic Games

Ohio State has 580,000 living alumni around the world.[140] Past and present students and faculty include 5 Nobel Prize laureates, nine Rhodes Scholars, seven Churchill Scholars, 64 Goldwater scholars, one Fields Medalist and seven Pulitzer Prize winners, as well as current Vice President of the United States JD Vance, seven U.S. Senators, 15 U.S. Representatives and 104 Olympic medalists.[141][142][143] Also included are UFC champions, Medal of Honor recipients, ambassadors, Fortune 500 CEOs and members of the Forbes 400 list of the world's wealthiest individuals.

Ohio State alumni have appeared on the cover of Time magazine 12 times, with the artwork of alumnus Roy Lichtenstein featured on an additional two Time covers. George Steinbrenner, former owner of the New York Yankees who won seven World Series with the team, earned his master's degree from Ohio State. Larry Sanger, one of the founders of Wikipedia, and Steve May, chief technology officer at Pixar, both graduated from Ohio State. Roboticist James S. Albus was named a "Hero of US Manufacturing" by Fortune magazine in 1997.[144] Howard Tucker, who as of April 2023 was the world's oldest living practicing doctor at 100, attended for both his undergraduate work and medical school.[145]

Ohio State alumni have been inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York, the NFL Hall of Fame and the Basketball Hall of Fame. Its athletes have won a combined 83 Olympic medals and three times have received the Sullivan Award as the nation's top amateur athlete.

Ohio State Alumna include Gertrude Moskowitz, foreign language teacher educator credited with influencing generations of students with her humanistic approach.[146][147]

Faculty

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As of 2008, Ohio State's faculty included 21 members of the National Academy of Sciences or National Academy of Engineering, four members of the Institute of Medicine[148] and 177 elected fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 2009, 17 Ohio State faculty members were elected as AAAS Fellows. Each year since 2002, Ohio State has either led or been second among all American universities in the number of their faculty members elected as fellows to the AAAS.[149][150]

In surveys conducted in 2005 and 2006 by the Collaborative on Academic Careers in Higher Education (COACHE), Ohio State was rated as "exemplary" in four of the seven measured aspects of workplace satisfaction for junior faculty members at 31 universities: overall tenure practices, policy effectiveness, compensation and work-family balance.[151]

See also

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Notes

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References

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Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Ohio State University

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from Grokipedia
The Ohio State University is a public land-grant research university founded on March 22, 1870, as the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College pursuant to the Morrill Act of 1862, with its flagship campus located in Columbus, Ohio. It opened to students in 1873 and has since expanded into one of the largest universities in the United States, emphasizing practical education in agriculture, mechanical arts, and military tactics as mandated by its origins, while developing comprehensive programs across disciplines. With total enrollment reaching 67,255 students as of autumn 2025, Ohio State maintains a dominant presence in higher education, drawing primarily from in-state residents and supporting regional campuses beyond Columbus. The institution drives substantial research activity, reporting a record $1.58 billion in expenditures for fiscal year 2024, which positions it among the top public universities for innovation in fields like medicine, engineering, and materials science. Ohio State's athletic programs, particularly its football team known as the Buckeyes, represent a defining cultural and economic force, claiming nine national championships, including the most recent in January 2025 after defeating Notre Dame in the College Football Playoff. As a member of the Big Ten Conference, the university's sports success has amplified its national profile, though it has also been marred by scandals such as the prolonged sexual abuse perpetrated by longtime team physician Richard Strauss, affecting over 1,000 individuals, which exposed institutional failures in oversight.

History

Founding and Early Development (1870–1900)

The Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College was chartered on March 22, 1870, by the Ohio General Assembly through the Cannon Act, which designated it as the state's land-grant institution under the federal Morrill Act of 1862. This legislation directed proceeds from the sale of public lands to fund colleges emphasizing agriculture, mechanical arts, and military tactics, with the explicit aim of promoting practical education for the industrial and farming classes rather than classical studies reserved for elite institutions. Championed by Governor Rutherford B. Hayes, the college was sited on the 365-acre Neil Farm north of Columbus to leverage its agricultural potential and proximity to the growing city. Classes commenced on September 17, 1873, with 24 students admitted from 40 applicants, housed in temporary facilities amid ongoing construction of the main building. The initial curriculum prioritized scientific and vocational training, including courses in farming techniques, engineering basics, and natural sciences, reflecting the land-grant mandate to democratize higher education for working-class youth. Early operations encountered setbacks, such as delayed dedications until 1874 and debates over expanding beyond agricultural focus, but the institution graduated its first class in 1878. On May 1, 1878, the Ohio General Assembly renamed the institution The Ohio State University, signaling ambitions for a comprehensive university model that incorporated liberal arts alongside technical programs. Enrollment expanded modestly through the 1880s and 1890s, reaching approximately 50 students by the mid-1870s academic year and continuing gradual increases as infrastructure improved and regional demand for skilled labor grew. By 1900, the university had established foundational departments in agriculture and engineering, laying the groundwork for broader academic diversification while maintaining its commitment to applied sciences.

Expansion and Institutional Growth (1900–1980)

Under President William Oxley Thompson (1899–1925), The Ohio State University underwent significant expansion, with enrollment rising from around 2,200 students in 1900 to over 9,000 by the mid-1920s. This period saw the construction of key facilities, including the Ohio Union in 1911, which served as the first student union building, and the William Oxley Thompson Memorial Library, dedicated in 1916 as the university's first purpose-built library. In 1916, OSU joined the Association of American Universities, affirming its status as a leading research institution. Thompson also oversaw the development of intercollegiate athletics, culminating in the opening of Ohio Stadium in 1922 with an initial capacity of 72,000. The administrations of George W. Rightmire (1926–1940) and Howard L. Bevis (1940–1956) navigated the Great Depression and World War II, during which enrollment fluctuated but rebounded sharply postwar due to the GI Bill. Enrollment climbed from 10,735 in 1929 to 24,867 by 1946, driven by returning veterans. In 1934, the Ohio State Research Foundation was established to attract external funding, laying groundwork for expanded research activities. Under Novice G. Fawcett (1956–1969) and subsequent leaders, OSU's growth accelerated, with Columbus campus enrollment reaching 54,462 by 1980 and university-wide totals at 59,448. Research expenditures increased from $2 million annually at Fawcett's start to substantially higher levels by the 1960s, supporting new facilities like expanded medical centers and laboratories. This era marked OSU's transition to a major public research university, with enrollment tripling postwar and infrastructure adapting to accommodate surging student numbers through new dormitories and academic buildings.

Modern Developments and Challenges (1980–Present)

Since 1980, Ohio State University has pursued expansive growth in academic programs, infrastructure, and research output under successive administrations, including multiple terms by president E. Gordon Gee. Enrollment expanded from approximately 55,000 students in the early 1980s to 67,255 by autumn 2025, driven by increased undergraduate and graduate admissions amid rising demand for higher education. Research expenditures surged, reaching a record $1.58 billion in fiscal year 2024, supporting advancements in fields like engineering, medicine, and agriculture through federal grants and partnerships. Athletic programs, particularly football, achieved prominence with national championships in 2002 and 2014, alongside consistent Big Ten Conference dominance, bolstering university revenue and visibility. Infrastructure developments included expansions to the Wexner Medical Center and new facilities like the Jerome Schottenstein Center, enhancing clinical and recreational capacities. However, these successes coincided with institutional challenges, including governance issues and external threats. The university faced severe scrutiny over the Richard Strauss sexual abuse scandal, where the team physician molested at least 177 male students, primarily athletes, from 1978 to 1998; reports indicate OSU officials received complaints as early as 1979 but failed to intervene effectively. An independent investigation launched in 2018 confirmed widespread knowledge among coaches and administrators, prompting $60 million in settlements to over 500 claimants by 2023 and policy reforms on reporting and prevention. Football operations encountered NCAA violations in 2010–2011, when players accepted improper benefits like tattoos for memorabilia and discounts on cars; head coach Jim Tressel concealed knowledge of the infractions, leading to his resignation, a bowl ban, vacated wins, and scholarship reductions. The 2016 attack by student Abdul Razak Ali Artan, who rammed a vehicle into pedestrians and stabbed 11 people in an ISIS-inspired assault, tested campus security; OSU police officer Alan Horujko neutralized the threat within 12 seconds, preventing further casualties and earning valor awards. Recent administrations under presidents like Michael V. Drake and Kristina M. Johnson emphasized diversity initiatives and pandemic response, though critiques highlight administrative burdens on faculty and uneven handling of campus protests. Ongoing challenges include maintaining academic integrity amid large-scale operations and addressing funding dependencies vulnerable to federal policy shifts.

Campus Infrastructure

Main Columbus Campus Layout and Facilities

The main Columbus campus of Ohio State University occupies approximately 1,715 contiguous acres in the University District neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio, encompassing over 450 buildings that support academic, research, residential, and recreational functions. The layout centers on the Oval, a 12-acre elliptical green space lined with mature trees and historic academic buildings, serving as the symbolic and functional core for pedestrian pathways, events, and student gatherings. South of the Oval lies Mirror Lake, a 3.5-acre pond in a natural hollow that influenced the original 1870 site selection and hosts traditions like the annual Mirror Lake Jump before home football games, surrounded by amphitheaters and wooded areas. The academic core radiates from the Oval, with University Hall—constructed in 1873 as the campus's first building and reconstructed in 1976—housing administrative offices and symbolizing the university's founding era. To the north and east, clusters of colleges include arts and sciences facilities, while engineering and business buildings extend westward along Neil Avenue. South Campus features residential quadrangles such as the South Residential Area, with halls like Baker Hall and Park-Stradley Hall providing housing for over 10,000 undergraduates, connected by service roads and greenways. Core South, bounded by the Oval, High Street, 9th Avenue, and Neil Avenue, integrates classrooms, dining, and student services amid ongoing redevelopment for walkability. Major facilities include the William Oxley Thompson Memorial Library, a 557,000-square-foot structure completed in 2009 with a grand reading room overlooking the Oval, serving as the primary research hub among the university's 21 libraries on the Columbus campus. The Ohio Union, a 325,000-square-foot student center at 1739 N. High Street, offers dining, event spaces, and the OSU Bookstore, functioning as a social nexus since its original 1910 structure. Athletic and recreational amenities feature the Recreation and Physical Activity Center (RPAC), a 400,000-square-foot complex with pools, courts, and fitness areas accommodating 20,000 daily users, adjacent to Ohio Stadium seating over 100,000 for football. The Wexner Medical Center, comprising more than 100 buildings on the campus's eastern edge, integrates the College of Medicine with University Hospital (1.6 million square feet, opened 1978), the James Cancer Hospital (456 beds, dedicated 2014), and the 403,000-square-foot Biomedical Research Tower for translational studies. Utility infrastructure spans 8 miles of tunnels supporting power and data across districts, while parking exceeds 25,000 spaces amid efforts to enhance bike paths and CABS shuttle routes for sustainability. Recent upgrades include an interactive campus map launched in August 2025 for navigation of construction zones and amenities.

Regional Campuses and Extensions

The Ohio State University maintains four regional campuses in Lima, Mansfield, Marion, and Newark, along with the Agricultural Technical Institute (ATI) in Wooster, extending access to higher education beyond the main Columbus campus. These campuses serve primarily undergraduate students, offering associate and select bachelor's degrees, as well as foundational coursework for over 200 majors that can transition seamlessly to Columbus or other sites. Designed for smaller class sizes and personalized instruction, they emphasize affordability and proximity for Ohio residents in rural and underserved areas, with enrollment pathways including the Campus-Change Program for later transfer.
CampusLocationKey Offerings and Features
LimaLima, OhioBachelor's degrees in education, social work, and psychology; general education for other majors; student-faculty ratio of 16:1; focuses on liberal arts integration with research university resources.
MansfieldMansfield, OhioAssociate and bachelor's programs in business, education, and criminal justice; recent enrollment surge to four-year high, supporting local workforce development.
MarionMarion, OhioDegrees in nursing, education, and applied sciences; emphasizes community engagement and hands-on learning in a close-knit environment.
NewarkNewark, OhioBachelor's in nursing and education; strong emphasis on health sciences and transfer preparation; serves as a hub for central Ohio outreach.
ATI WoosterWooster, OhioAssociate degrees in agriculture, horticulture, environmental sciences, and construction; includes practical facilities like greenhouses; student-faculty ratio of 15:1; geared toward technical and vocational training.
Total undergraduate enrollment across these regional campuses reached 5,926 in Autumn 2025, reflecting an 8.6% increase from the prior year and driven by a 15.1% rise in new first-year students to 3,070. This growth underscores their role in broadening access amid stable or declining main-campus international enrollment. Ohio State University Extension, established in 1914 as part of the College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, operates as the university's outreach arm, delivering research-based educational programs to all 88 Ohio counties through local offices. It addresses practical needs in agriculture, natural resources, family and consumer sciences, 4-H youth development, and community economic development, connecting urban and rural stakeholders with university expertise to enhance farming practices, business viability, and community resilience. Extension efforts include direct farmer support, such as analyses of policy impacts like tariffs on Ohio agriculture, and non-formal education without degree conferral.

Academic Framework

Degree Programs and Enrollment Statistics

The Ohio State University confers bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and professional degrees through 16 colleges and schools, encompassing more than 200 undergraduate majors and 278 graduate and professional programs, along with over 500 specializations. Undergraduate offerings span disciplines such as engineering, biological sciences, business, and social sciences, while graduate programs include advanced research degrees in fields like medicine, law, veterinary medicine, and public health. Professional degrees are available in dentistry, pharmacy, optometry, and other health-related areas. Total enrollment across all campuses reached 67,255 students in the autumn 2025 semester, reflecting a 0.5% increase from the previous year and continued growth driven by gains in undergraduate, graduate, professional, and transfer student populations. The Columbus campus accounts for the bulk of enrollment, with approximately 61,326 students. Undergraduate students form the largest cohort, comprising around 70% of the total, while graduate and professional enrollment has expanded notably in recent years, supported by increased retention and new admissions. Regional campuses contribute additional enrollment in select lower-division and associate programs, aiding seamless transitions to degree completion at Columbus.

Admissions Processes and Selectivity

The Ohio State University's undergraduate admissions process for the Columbus campus emphasizes a holistic review of applicants, evaluating academic performance, standardized test scores, and personal attributes such as leadership, resilience, and talents. Applicants must complete the Common Application, submit official high school transcripts demonstrating completion of minimum college-preparatory coursework (including four years of English, three to four years of mathematics, three years of natural sciences, and foreign language proficiency), and provide ACT or SAT scores directly from the testing agency. As of March 2025, the university reinstated the requirement for standardized test scores for all first-year applicants beginning with the Fall 2026 admission cycle, ending a temporary test-optional policy implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic; superscoring is utilized for submitted ACT or SAT results, but no minimum scores are mandated. Early Action applications are due November 1, with decisions released in mid-December for Ohio residents and late January for non-residents, while Regular Decision deadlines fall on January 15; optional elements include up to two letters of recommendation and self-reported extracurricular involvement. Selectivity at Ohio State remains moderately competitive for a large public research university, with an acceptance rate of approximately 60.5% for the 2024-25 cycle based on 72,800 applications yielding 44,100 admissions offers. Among admitted students who submitted test scores, the middle 50% range for SAT scores is 1360-1500 (Evidence-Based Reading and Writing plus Math), and for ACT composite scores is 29-33; the average high school GPA for enrolled freshmen exceeds 3.8, with 98% ranking in the top quartile of their class and 77% in the top decile. The university considers rigor of secondary coursework, GPA, class rank, and test scores as very important factors, alongside state residency, which influences in-state priority under Ohio's public funding model, though out-of-state applicants face similar holistic scrutiny. Direct enrollment into competitive majors requires a high school GPA of 3.0 or higher or top-60% class rank for general programs, with elevated thresholds (e.g., ACT 25+ or equivalent SAT) for selective fields like engineering or business. Graduate admissions vary by program but generally require a bachelor's degree from an accredited institution, minimum GPAs (often 3.0+), GRE scores where mandated by departments (though many waived post-pandemic), letters of recommendation, statements of purpose, and relevant experience; central oversight by the Graduate School ensures standardized application portals, but selectivity is program-specific, with STEM fields exhibiting lower acceptance rates due to funding constraints. Overall enrollment trends reflect growing applicant pools, with Autumn 2025 total university enrollment reaching 67,255, driven by domestic and international demand, though rising selectivity correlates with enhanced academic profiles amid competition from peer Big Ten institutions.

Faculty Composition and Instructional Standards

As of autumn 2023, The Ohio State University employs 8,462 faculty members, equivalent to 7,712 full-time equivalents, spanning tenure-track, clinical, research, and associated roles. Tenure-track faculty number 2,875, clinical faculty 2,489, research faculty 111, and associated faculty 2,987, with the majority concentrated in instructional and clinical positions supporting the university's research-intensive mission. Demographic data reveal a faculty body that is predominantly white, with 69 percent of tenure-track positions held by white individuals as of 2021, alongside 16 percent Asian faculty, reflecting limited representation of underrepresented minorities despite targeted hiring initiatives like the RAISE program aimed at recruiting 150 diverse tenure-track faculty. Gender composition shows average diversity, with males comprising a plurality in many departments, though women represent a growing share in clinical and associated roles. Ideological composition skews heavily leftward, consistent with patterns in American higher education where institutional hiring favors progressive viewpoints; a 2022 survey of OSU humanities departments found Democrats outnumbering Republicans by roughly 7 to 1, potentially constraining diversity of thought in curriculum and classroom discourse. This imbalance, documented in broader analyses of faculty political donations and registrations at flagship public universities, underscores systemic biases in academia that prioritize alignment with prevailing institutional norms over ideological pluralism. In 2024, OSU responded to state-level pressures by appointing a conservative legal scholar to direct a new intellectual diversity center, intended to foster broader viewpoint representation amid criticisms of homogeneity. Instructional standards mandate excellence in teaching alongside scholarship and service for tenure and promotion, with departments setting unit-specific criteria reviewed annually under standardized metrics introduced via Ohio Senate Bill 1. Faculty performance relies on the Survey of Student Learning Experience (SSLE), a university-wide tool collecting feedback on course design, delivery, and facilitation, though studies show these evaluations correlate more strongly with grade satisfaction than objective teaching efficacy. Post-tenure reviews target underperformance, enforcing accountability, while workload policies balance instructional duties—typically two to three courses per semester for non-clinical faculty—with research expectations, amid ongoing debates over whether ideological uniformity compromises instructional neutrality.

Research Enterprise

Funding, Expenditures, and Infrastructure

In fiscal year 2024, Ohio State University's research and development expenditures totaled $1.58 billion, marking a record high and a 9% increase from $1.449 billion in fiscal year 2023. Federal sources accounted for $774.2 million of the FY2024 total, reflecting an 11% rise from the prior year and comprising nearly half of overall funding. In FY2023, industry-sponsored research contributed $155.2 million (a 9% increase from FY2022), while state-sponsored expenditures reached $61.9 million. Funding inflows predominantly derive from competitive federal grants, including those from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and National Science Foundation (NSF), alongside industry partnerships and state allocations; for instance, NSF awarded $26 million in FY2024 for a natural rubber industry center, renewable for an additional five years. These expenditures support a broad research portfolio, with historical growth evident in the Higher Education Research and Development (HERD) Survey data:
Fiscal YearTotal R&D Expenditures ($ millions)
2020968
20211,236
20221,360
20231,449
20241,580
The university's research infrastructure encompasses approximately 2.5 million square feet of dedicated space as of 2020, including multidisciplinary core facilities such as the Campus Chemical Instrument Center for advanced analytical chemistry, the Campus Microscopy and Imaging Facility for nanoscale imaging, and the NSF-supported National Extreme Ultrafast Science Facility (NEXUS) for ultrafast laser research. Recent capital investments include the $237.5 million Interdisciplinary Research Facility, completed in 2021 to foster collaborative innovation in engineering and sciences. The Wexner Medical Center further bolsters infrastructure with over 20 specialized research centers integrated into its hospital network, enabling translational biomedical work. These assets, maintained by dedicated teams like Research Infrastructure and Strategic Initiatives, facilitate high-volume grant activity involving 1,587 principal investigators as of FY2020.

Prominent Research Domains and Outputs

Ohio State University's research enterprise emphasizes biomedical sciences, engineering disciplines, environmental and sustainability studies, and agricultural innovations, reflecting its land-grant mission and substantial federal funding. In fiscal year 2023, the university reported $1.449 billion in research and development expenditures, with significant allocations to life sciences and engineering fields as tracked by the National Science Foundation's Higher Education Research and Development (HERD) survey. These domains have yielded high-impact outputs, including over 87 U.S. utility patents granted in the most recent cycle, positioning Ohio State among the top 25 U.S. universities for patent production. Biomedical and Health Sciences: The university excels in translational medicine and RNA biology, with the Center for RNA Biology hosting the largest U.S. consortium of RNA experts and contributing to advancements in gene regulation and therapeutics. The Infectious Diseases Institute addresses pathogen challenges across human, animal, and plant health, while the Clinical and Translational Science Institute accelerates bench-to-bedside innovations, supported by $774.2 million in federal funding in FY 2024. Notable outputs include blood substitute development funded by a $5.5 million NIH grant in 2016 and smartphone-based pathology scanners commercialized via spin-off companies. Engineering and Materials Science: Strengths in artificial intelligence, mobility, manufacturing, and advanced materials are led by the College of Engineering, which directs three NSF AI institutes: Imageomics ($15 million for AI-driven organism imaging), ICICLE ($20 million for climate-AI integration), and AI-EDGE ($20 million for edge computing). The Aerospace Research Center and Center for Automotive Research focus on uncrewed systems, aerodynamic controls, and vehicle cybersecurity, including a $15 million University Transportation Center grant. Materials research through the Institute for Materials Research and Center for Emergent Materials has produced sustainable energy solutions, bolstered by $12 million in Department of Energy projects for vehicle technologies. These efforts contribute to Ohio State's top-100 global ranking across 223 research topics, with engineering publications frequently cited in patent innovations. Environmental, Climate, and Agricultural Domains: The Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center investigates polar climates' global impacts, while the Global Water Institute develops sustainable water management strategies. In agriculture, the Foods for Health initiative targets nutrition-based chronic disease prevention, aligning with land-grant priorities in ecosystem science and rural development. Outputs include microbiome engineering via the Center of Microbiome Science and quantum information advancements, enhancing interdisciplinary applications in sustainability. The university's Chronic Brain Injury program builds on neuroinflammation research, yielding publications on long-term injury effects. High-profile achievements underscore these domains, such as physicist Pierre Agostini's 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics for attosecond pulse methods, developed during his tenure at Ohio State. Overall, Ohio State's outputs emphasize practical translation, with industry collaborations generating $155.2 million in FY 2023 funding and fostering spin-offs in health and technology sectors.

Emerging Initiatives and Collaborations

In 2024, the Enterprise for Research, Innovation, and Knowledge (ERIK) at Ohio State University identified targeted investment areas for emerging research, including smart mobility to develop integrated ecosystems, microelectronics for next-generation workforce training, space exploration through aviation advancements, and artificial intelligence applications aimed at societal benefits. These initiatives emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration to translate discoveries into practical outcomes, building on ERIK's strategic plan to expand curiosity-driven projects beyond traditional boundaries. A multi-phase research partnership with Cisco Systems, initiated in 2022 and advancing into phase two by 2024, funds projects in cybersecurity, AI systems, edge computing, and natural language processing, yielding six co-authored publications on topics such as algorithm bias mitigation and 5G performance. This collaboration prioritizes innovations in smart home privacy, enterprise workflows, and large-scale machine learning, with contributions to open-source AI frameworks demonstrating tangible progress in applied engineering research. On October 8, 2024, Ohio State hosted approximately 20 researchers from psychology, sociology, political science, and communication alongside U.S. Air Force officials from the Air Force Research Laboratory and Office of Scientific Research to explore diversified funding opportunities in social sciences, including cybersecurity, cognitive neuroscience, and misinformation countermeasures. The event, part of efforts to broaden Air Force partnerships beyond physical sciences, aligns with the 2024 launch of OSU's Computational Social and Political Analysis Methods (C-SPAM) initiative and anticipates a November 2024 symposium on computational social science to facilitate grant applications and joint projects. The President's Research Excellence Fund for 2024-2025 allocates accelerator grants of up to $50,000 for one-year interdisciplinary efforts by small teams of two to three investigators spanning distinct fields, fostering novel collaborations in high-potential areas. Complementing these, specialized labs like the Kimmel Laboratory for Protein Immunoengineering integrate protein engineering, organic chemistry, and immunobiology to develop accessible immunotherapies for cancer and rare diseases, representing a targeted push into biotech innovation.

Financial Operations

Endowment Management and Fundraising Efforts

The Ohio State University's endowment, managed through the Long-Term Investment Pool (LTIP), totaled $8.6 billion as of June 30, 2025, encompassing thousands of individual endowment funds that support academic programs, faculty positions, and scholarships. The Office of Investments oversees the LTIP with a strategy emphasizing long-term, risk-adjusted returns to preserve purchasing power and fund university priorities, including diversified allocations across asset classes evaluated for prudence under the university's investment policy. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025, the LTIP generated an 11.8% return, contributing to sustained growth amid market volatility. Endowment administration handles accounting and reporting for approximately 2,771 funds, with gifted endowments invested collectively in the LTIP to achieve economies of scale and professional management, while adhering to donor restrictions and Ohio state law on prudent investing. Distributions from endowments provide stable, predictable funding, such as for endowed chairs that reduce reliance on tuition or state appropriations, though the university's public status limits endowment per-student size compared to private peers. Fundraising efforts are coordinated by the Ohio State University Foundation, which facilitates private gifts to bolster the endowment and operational needs. The Time and Change campaign, concluded in spring 2025, raised $5.4 billion against a $4.5 billion goal, drawing participation from over 814,000 donors and marking the largest fundraising drive in university history by total and engagement. This success built on prior initiatives, including the 2012 But for Ohio State campaign that secured $3 billion, with funds directed toward scholarships, research, and facilities to enhance competitiveness in a landscape of declining public funding. Recent donor activity includes targeted gifts for specific programs, such as endowments for biomedical innovation and environmental research, though comprehensive data on individual major gifts remains donor-disclosed selectively.

Tuition Structures, Affordability, and Public Funding Dependencies

Ohio State University employs a tiered tuition structure distinguishing between in-state and out-of-state undergraduates, with guaranteed rates for incoming Ohio resident freshmen fixed for four years to provide cost predictability. For the 2025-2026 academic year, in-state tuition and mandatory fees for new Columbus campus freshmen total $13,641, marking a $397 increase—or 3%—from the previous entering cohort's rates. Out-of-state undergraduates face rates of $42,423, while regional campuses like Lima, Mansfield, Marion, Newark, and ATI charge lower in-state figures of $9,772 and $9,723, respectively. Graduate tuition varies by program but follows similar residency differentials, with additional non-resident surcharges. Affordability metrics reveal an average net price of $19,582 for full-time undergraduates after grants and scholarships, though this varies by income bracket from under $12,000 for families earning below $30,000 to over $35,000 for those above $110,000. The university awards $525 million in aid annually, enabling over 50% of graduates to exit debt-free, while average debt for borrowers stands below $25,000—a decline from $27,000 five years prior. Despite these aids, tuition reliance has grown, with in-state costs rising from $16,582 average attendance in 2009 to $24,423 by 2023 amid broader cost pressures. As a public institution, Ohio State depends on state appropriations, which constituted a shrinking share of its instructional budget over decades due to per-student funding stagnation since the early 2000s, even as enrollment expanded. Ohio's 2024 education appropriations averaged $7,197 per full-time equivalent—62% of the U.S. mean—prompting universities to offset shortfalls via tuition hikes capped at 3% in recent state budgets. This dependency has intensified, with state support flat against inflation and operational demands like faculty salaries and maintenance, shifting more costs to students and prompting efficiency measures alongside auxiliary revenue growth.
Fiscal YearIn-State Undergrad Tuition Increase (New Cohort)Key Driver Cited
2023-20243.0% ($385)Inflation, flat state funding
2024-20253.0-4.6%Institutional costs, limited appropriations
2025-20263.0% ($397)Operational expenses amid subdued state growth

Student Experience

In autumn 2024, total enrollment at the Ohio State University main campus stood at 61,443 students, comprising 46,815 undergraduates, 11,404 graduate students, and 3,224 professional students. University-wide enrollment, including regional campuses, reached 67,255 students in autumn 2025, reflecting a 2.3% increase from the prior year and marking continued expansion. First-year enrollment hit a record 11,280 students university-wide, with the Columbus campus class of 2028 being the largest in its history at over 8,200 students. Enrollment trends show steady growth over decades, with main campus headcount rising from approximately 22,615 in 1957 to over 60,000 by the 2020s, driven by expansions in undergraduate programs and graduate offerings. Recent years have seen accelerated increases, including a 19.4% surge in new first-year students from 2023 to 2024, alongside record graduate enrollment of 11,463 in 2025. First-to-second-year retention rates remain high at 93.5% for the Columbus campus, contributing to sustained growth amid national higher education fluctuations. International enrollment has fluctuated, dipping from a recent peak in 2024 but rising 1.6% from 2023 levels to 5,996 university-wide. Demographic composition features a slight female majority, with women comprising 52.45% of main campus enrollment in 2024 compared to 47.55% men, a stable pattern consistent with the prior year (52.3% women). Residency data indicate Ohio residents dominate at 68.67% of main campus students in 2024 (down slightly from 69.9% in 2023), followed by 21.09% domestic non-residents and 10.24% international students. Among new first-year students on the Columbus campus in 2025, 68.1% were Ohio residents, 25.3% domestic out-of-state, and 6.5% international. Racial and ethnic composition remains predominantly White, with minorities at 28.21% of main campus enrollment in 2024, up marginally from 27.14% in 2023. The breakdown is as follows:
Racial/Ethnic Group2024 Percentage2023 Percentage
White~71.79%~72.86%
Asian American10.11%9.31%
African American7.67%7.67%
Hispanic/Latino5.80%5.72%
Two or More Races4.51%4.35%
American Indian/Alaska Native0.06%0.06%
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander0.04%0.04%
Data exclude international students from U.S. racial categories; absolute minority numbers grew from 16,298 to 17,330 between years, aligning with overall enrollment gains. First-generation students represent 19.7% of new first-year enrollees, and 20.8% receive Pell Grants, indicating modest socioeconomic diversity.

Extracurricular Organizations and Governance

The Ohio State University maintains over 1,400 registered student organizations, spanning categories such as academic, cultural, ethnic, recreational, religious, and service-oriented groups, with more than half of undergraduates participating in at least one. These organizations are overseen by the Student Activities office, which provides resources for registration, funding, training, and event planning to promote leadership development and campus involvement. Sorority and Fraternity Life (SFL) represents a significant subset of extracurricular activities, governed by councils including the Interfraternity Council (IFC), Panhellenic Association (PHA), and culturally based groups, with termly membership statistics published for transparency. For example, Spring 2024 PHA data detailed total active and new members across chapters, while conduct histories for organizations are maintained publicly for up to five years to address accountability. SFL chapters contribute to philanthropy and leadership but have encountered regulatory scrutiny over hazing and compliance issues. Undergraduate student governance operates through the Undergraduate Student Government (USG), comprising executive, legislative, and judicial branches modeled on federal structure, with the executive led by an elected president and vice president responsible for advocacy, budgeting, and programs like academic enrichment grants. USG interfaces with university administration via shared governance mechanisms, including student representation in the University Senate, which deliberates on policies affecting academics, operations, and campus life. Governing documents, including the USG Constitution last amended in 2019, outline operational rules and election processes. In autumn 2025, USG conducted a mandated re-election following misconduct allegations in the prior cycle, enforcing judicial oversight.

Housing, Daily Life, and Cultural Activities

Ohio State University requires all unmarried, full-time undergraduate students within two years of high school graduation to reside in on-campus housing, promoting a residential campus experience that facilitates academic and social integration. This policy applies to incoming freshmen and sophomores, with assignments managed through the Housing and Residence Education department, which oversees traditional residence halls, suite-style accommodations, and specialized learning communities focused on themes like wellness, leadership, and academic majors. Upperclassmen and graduate students have optional on-campus options, though many opt for off-campus living due to preferences for independence or cost considerations. Off-campus housing has expanded significantly near the Columbus campus, with recent developments announced in October 2025 adding over 3,000 student-focused bedrooms to address demand amid enrollment pressures. The university supports off-campus students through the Off-Campus and Commuter Student Engagement resource center, which lists properties, roommate matching, and legal guides on tenant rights, reflecting trends where approximately 60-70% of upperclass undergraduates live off-campus in nearby neighborhoods like the Short North or University District. Housing insecurity affects 4% of undergraduates and 5% of graduates annually, often linked to financial strains despite available resources. Daily life for students revolves around a mix of academic commitments, campus navigation, and recreational access, with most utilizing the university's extensive facilities for meals, fitness, and transit. Dining options include over 30 venues across campus, operated by OSU Dining Services, offering diverse meals with meal plan requirements for on-campus residents; popular spots like the Ohio Union food court serve as social hubs for breakfast through late-night eats. Recreation centers, such as the Jesse Owens North and South complexes and the Recreation and Physical Activity Center (RPAC), provide free access to gyms, pools, climbing walls, and group fitness classes, accommodating over 20,000 daily visitors during peak semesters. Commuter students rely on the Campus Area Bus Service (CABS) and Central Ohio Transit Authority (COTA) routes for efficient travel, with many off-campus residents facing 20-30 minute commutes that influence study habits and event participation compared to on-campus peers. Health services through Student Life's Wilce Care Center handle routine care and wellness programs, supporting the high-energy routine of classes, study sessions in libraries like the William Oxley Thompson Memorial Library, and evening downtime in residence halls. Cultural activities emphasize arts engagement through venues like the Wexner Center for the Arts, which hosts exhibitions, film screenings, and performances year-round, including events such as the "Picture Lock" film festival showcasing student and faculty works from its Film/Video Studio. The Department of Theatre, Film, and Media Arts offers student auditions for mainstage productions and involvement in Buckeye TV, fostering hands-on participation open to all undergraduates regardless of major. Additional opportunities include galleries at the Urban Arts Space and programs like Drumming for Wellness, which pairs students with community members for therapeutic sessions, alongside the D-Tix discount program enabling affordable access to broader arts, music, and cultural events across Columbus. These initiatives draw from the university's interdisciplinary approach, with events listed centrally via the OSU events calendar to integrate cultural participation into student routines.

Safety and Governance Issues

Campus Security Incidents and Responses

On November 28, 2016, Abdul Razak Ali Artan, a 20-year-old Somali-born student and permanent U.S. resident, executed a vehicle-ramming and stabbing attack on the Ohio State University Columbus campus near Watts Hall, injuring eleven pedestrians before being fatally shot by OSU police officer Alan Horujko. Artan drove a Honda Civic into a crowd at approximately 9:52 a.m., exited the vehicle armed with a butcher knife, and attacked additional victims while yelling, with the entire incident lasting less than two minutes. Federal investigators classified the event as an act of terrorism inspired by Islamist extremism, citing Artan's social media posts praising ISIS and Anwar al-Awlaki prior to the attack. Officer Horujko, the first responder on scene, engaged and neutralized Artan with gunfire approximately 12 seconds after the stabbing began, preventing further casualties and earning the Ohio Distinguished Law Enforcement Valor Award in 2017. In the aftermath, Ohio State University conducted an after-action review, leading to enhanced public safety measures including increased visible patrols, expanded off-campus policing partnerships initiated in 2008, and improved emergency notification systems. The incident prompted state-level discussions on campus security, with Ohio legislators advocating for bolstered resources amid concerns over radicalization risks. Subsequent notable security events include two antisemitic assaults on Jewish students in November 2023, involving physical attacks that led Governor Mike DeWine to direct enhanced protections at state universities, including OSU, through increased law enforcement presence and anti-hate protocols. In September 2024, multiple shootings in the adjacent University District prompted OSU to collaborate with Columbus city officials on joint safety initiatives, such as augmented patrols and community crime mapping via the Columbus Police Department's data. Annual Clery Act reports indicate a general decline in reported on-campus violent crimes from 2019 highs—where 3,518 total safety incidents occurred, predominantly non-violent—but persistent challenges in areas like domestic violence, which rose in 2024. OSU's Department of Public Safety maintains a daily crime log and annual security reports, emphasizing proactive responses like four pairs of off-campus patrol officers—the highest since 2008—and integration with local police for incident management. These efforts reflect adaptations to empirical threats, prioritizing rapid intervention and data-driven resource allocation over narrative-driven policies.

Administrative Handling of Conduct and Free Speech

The Ohio State University maintains a Code of Student Conduct that outlines prohibited behaviors, including those potentially intersecting with expression, such as harassment, disruption of university activities, and threats, with violations adjudicated through a process involving preliminary conferences, hearings by disciplinary directors or panels, and possible sanctions ranging from warnings to expulsion or suspension. Students facing charges receive written notice, an opportunity to respond, and rights to appeal decisions, though critics argue the process can prioritize administrative efficiency over full due process, particularly in speech-related cases where viewpoint is alleged to influence outcomes. OSU's free speech framework, codified in Rule 3337-1-40, affirms First Amendment protections for a wide range of expression on campus, including protests and demonstrations, subject to reasonable time, place, and manner restrictions to prevent unprotected speech like true threats or incitement to imminent lawless action; the university asserts it will discipline only for such categories while fostering "vibrant and robust" discourse. However, the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression (FIRE) rated OSU's speech codes as "yellow light" in 2025, indicating at least one ambiguous policy that could too easily suppress protected speech, and assigned an overall "F" grade in its 2026 College Free Speech Rankings, placing OSU 124th out of 257 institutions (slightly below average) based on student surveys showing discomfort with open expression (D grade), low tolerance for disruptive conduct (C+), and incidents of administrative overreach. Administrative responses to speech-related conduct have drawn scrutiny in recent protests. In April 2024, OSU swiftly dismantled a pro-Palestinian encampment using multi-agency police intervention, citing policy violations like unauthorized structures and disruptions, leading to arrests and subsequent expulsions or suspensions for participants; the administration later imposed a campus-wide ban on chalking messages in August 2025, justified as preventing property damage but condemned by faculty groups as an "assault on free speech" for broadly curtailing a traditional expressive medium. On September 17, 2025, the ACLU of Ohio sued OSU on behalf of an expelled student, alleging the university violated free speech and due process by punishing videos expressing pro-Palestinian views that did not incite violence, claiming selective enforcement against dissenting perspectives amid a pattern of viewpoint discrimination in conduct proceedings. These actions reflect OSU's emphasis on maintaining order, though FIRE and legal challenges highlight tensions between conduct enforcement and robust free expression, with student surveys indicating a "hostile" atmosphere for controversial ideas.

Enduring Scandals and Institutional Accountability

The Ohio State University has faced significant scrutiny over its handling of sexual abuse allegations against former team physician Richard Strauss, who served from 1978 to 1998 and died by suicide in 2005. An independent investigation commissioned by the university in 2018, culminating in a May 2019 report, substantiated claims from 177 former students—primarily male athletes—that Strauss sexually abused them during medical exams, documenting over 1,500 instances of misconduct. The report detailed that university officials, including athletic trainers and administrators, received at least 52 complaints during Strauss's tenure but dismissed them as benign activities like "massaging" or failed to investigate adequately, allowing the abuse to continue unchecked for two decades. This institutional inaction persisted despite patterns evident in records, such as Strauss's high volume of genital exams relative to peers, raising questions about leadership's prioritization of operational continuity over victim protection. In response, Ohio State acknowledged systemic failures in the 2019 report but faced criticism for delayed accountability; full victim compensation began only after external pressure from lawsuits filed starting in 2018. By 2022, the university settled with 162 survivors for $46.7 million, followed by additional payouts exceeding $60 million to 296 claimants amid ongoing litigation. As of August 2025, a federal judge ordered mediation for remaining cases involving over 100 plaintiffs, highlighting unresolved claims of negligence in supervision and reporting. Survivors and advocates have argued that the university's post-investigation reforms, such as enhanced Title IX training and oversight protocols, remain insufficient, pointing to persistent gaps in transparency and cultural change within athletic departments. Athletic program scandals have further exposed accountability lapses, notably the 2010-2011 football "Tattoogate" incident under head coach Jim Tressel. Multiple players, including quarterback Terrelle Pryor, exchanged team memorabilia such as championship rings and jerseys for tattoos, discounts, and cash at a Columbus parlor, violating NCAA amateurism rules; Tressel received emails about the activities in April 2010 but failed to report them to compliance officials until December, after external media inquiries. The NCAA imposed sanctions including a five-year show-cause penalty on Tressel, vacation of 2010 wins, a 2012 bowl ban, and scholarship reductions, prompting Tressel's resignation on May 30, 2011. Critics noted the scandal reflected deeper cultural issues in revenue sports, where booster influence and win pressures may incentivize oversight blind spots, though university president E. Gordon Gee defended initial internal handling as proportionate before escalating penalties. These episodes underscore patterns of delayed response and incomplete reform at Ohio State, with external probes revealing how deference to high-profile personnel—whether physicians or coaches—contributed to prolonged harms. Subsequent NCAA violations in fencing, women's golf, and basketball programs (self-reported in 2022) involved impermissible benefits and recruiting infractions, resulting in minor sanctions but reinforcing perceptions of uneven enforcement across athletics. Institutional efforts, including a 2020 Department of Justice settlement for $875,000 over undisclosed foreign funding by a professor, indicate sporadic compliance improvements but highlight ongoing vulnerabilities in oversight mechanisms.

Athletics and Traditions

Competitive Programs and Historical Achievements

Ohio State's athletic programs, known as the Buckeyes, compete in the Big Ten Conference across 36 varsity sports, with football serving as the flagship program boasting nine claimed national championships: 1942, 1954, 1957, 1961, 1968, 1970, 2002, 2014, and 2024. The 2024 title came via a 34-23 victory over Notre Dame in the College Football Playoff championship game on January 20, 2025. Football has yielded 40 Big Ten titles and seven Heisman Trophy winners, including Archie Griffin, the only player to win the award twice in 1974 and 1975. In track and field, Jesse Owens, competing for Ohio State from 1933 to 1936, achieved unparalleled feats, including setting or equaling six world records in 45 minutes during the 1935 Big Ten Championships and securing eight individual NCAA titles, a record at the time. Owens later won four gold medals at the 1936 Berlin Olympics, representing the pinnacle of Buckeye individual excellence. Men's basketball has reached 10 Final Four appearances, including the 1960 NCAA championship under coach Fred Taylor. Wrestling stands out with numerous All-Americans and NCAA individual champions, contributing to the program's reputation in combat sports. Gymnastics has produced multiple Big Ten champions and Olympians, such as three-time conference Gymnast of the Year recipients. Other sports like pistol have secured eight national titles since 2000.

Facilities and Operational Scale

Ohio Stadium, the primary venue for Ohio State University football games, was constructed in 1922 with an original seating capacity of 66,210 and has since expanded to accommodate 102,780 spectators following renovations, including additions in the early 2000s and 2014 that increased capacity to 104,851 before settling at the current figure. The stadium, often called "The Horseshoe" due to its horseshoe-shaped design, features a natural grass surface reinstated in 2016 after decades of artificial turf, and it hosts the majority of the university's athletic revenue-generating events, with record attendances exceeding 110,000 during high-profile games like the 2016 matchup against Michigan. The Jerome Schottenstein Center, encompassing Value City Arena, serves as the home for men's and women's basketball as well as men's ice hockey, with configurable capacities reaching up to 19,700 for basketball and 17,500 for hockey configurations; opened in 1998, it spans 770,000 square feet and ranks as the largest arena by seating in the Big Ten Conference. Other specialized athletic facilities include Bill Davis Stadium for baseball (capacity 4,466), the Covelli Center for gymnastics and volleyball (capacity 3,100 for gymnastics), Buckeye Field for softball, and the Jane and Walt Dennis Golf Performance Center for golf teams. These venues support Ohio State's 36 varsity sports programs competing in NCAA Division I as part of the Big Ten Conference, with football and basketball anchoring the department's infrastructure investments. Operationally, Ohio State's athletic department maintains one of the largest scales among U.S. public universities, reporting $292.3 million in total expenses for fiscal year 2024 (July 1, 2023, to June 30, 2024), including $54.3 million allocated to coaching salaries, benefits, and bonuses, amid a $37.7 million operating deficit despite generating $254.9 million in revenue—down from a record $279.5 million in FY 2023 primarily due to reduced ticket sales from fewer home football games. Revenue streams are dominated by football-related ticket sales ($58.8 million in FY24), media rights ($52.8 million), and donations ($52.5 million), underscoring the program's self-sustaining yet subsidy-dependent model, with facilities debt service alone exceeding $45 million annually in recent years. The department oversees extensive support operations, including training complexes like the Woody Hayes Athletic Center, to sustain competitive programs across 19 men's and 17 women's teams, though exact staff counts remain undisclosed in public financial disclosures.

Cultural Traditions, Rivalries, and Symbolism

The Ohio buckeye tree (Aesculus glabra) and its nut serve as central symbols for Ohio State University, with the nickname "Buckeyes" originating from early 19th-century Ohio settlers who likened the nut's eye-like scar to a deer's eye, later popularized during William Henry Harrison's 1840 presidential campaign. The university adopted the term for its athletic teams, incorporating buckeye leaves into logos and traditions, while Brutus Buckeye, an anthropomorphic buckeye nut mascot, debuted in 1965 to embody school spirit. Official colors of scarlet and gray, established in the late 19th century, further unify the community and appear in athletics, apparel, and campus iconography. Key cultural traditions revolve around athletics and campus life, particularly football. The Marching Band, known as "The Best Damn Band in the Land," performs Script Ohio, first executed on October 10, 1936, during a game against Pittsburgh, where band members spell out "Ohio" in formation and a sousaphone player "dots the i" by marching to the center. The alma mater "Carmen Ohio," composed in 1902 by student Fred Cornell and first performed in 1903, is sung by fans and players after games, traditionally facing the field to honor the team regardless of outcome. Other rituals include affixing buckeye leaves to players' helmets for exceptional plays, initiated in 1968 by coach Woody Hayes; ringing the 2,420-pound Victory Bell after home wins, a practice dating to October 2, 1954; and the Skull Session pep rally in St. John Arena before home games, evolving from band rehearsals into speeches by coaches and players. Athletic rivalries define much of the symbolism and intensity, with the annual game against Michigan—known as "The Game"—standing as the preeminent contest since its inception on October 16, 1897, when Michigan won 20-0. Michigan holds the all-time series lead at 60-52-6 entering the 2024 season, though Ohio State dominated from the 2000s until Michigan's recent resurgence, including a 2023 victory that ended an OSU winning streak; no formal trophy exists, but the matchup symbolizes regional and conference supremacy within the Big Ten. Secondary rivalries include Illinois, contested for the Illibuck Trophy—a bronze turtle awarded since 1925—and Penn State, intensified since Penn State's 1993 Big Ten entry, with games often deciding conference titles. These rivalries fuel traditions like the pre-Michigan "Gold Pants" charm, distributed to players for victories since 1934 following coach Francis Schmidt's shutout streak.

Notable Contributors

Influential Alumni Achievements

Ohio State University alumni have achieved prominence across athletics, science, politics, and literature, often leveraging skills honed during their time at the institution. In track and field, Jesse Owens, who competed for OSU from 1933 to 1936 without earning a degree, set three world records and tied a fourth in the long jump within 45 minutes at the 1935 Big Ten Championships in Ann Arbor, Michigan, on May 25, 1935; he also secured eight individual NCAA titles during his collegiate career. In football, Archie Griffin became the only player in NCAA history to win the Heisman Trophy twice, in 1974 and 1975, while rushing for 5,177 yards over four seasons at OSU from 1972 to 1975, leading the Buckeyes to a 40-5-1 record, four Big Ten titles, and four Rose Bowl appearances. In golf, Jack Nicklaus, who attended OSU from 1957 to 1961, captured the 1961 NCAA individual championship and later amassed 18 major professional victories, including six Masters Tournaments, establishing him as one of the sport's all-time greats. In science, Paul J. Flory earned his Ph.D. in physical chemistry from OSU in 1934 and received the 1974 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for foundational work in polymer science, including theories on chain structure and configuration that underpin modern plastics and materials. In politics, John Kasich, who studied at OSU before entering public service, served as Ohio's 69th governor from 2011 to 2019, during which the state achieved eight consecutive balanced budgets, created over 300,000 jobs, and reduced unemployment from 10.6% to 4.5%; J.D. Vance earned a B.A. in political science and philosophy from OSU in 2009 and serves as the 50th Vice President of the United States since 2025. In literature, R.L. Stine, who graduated with a B.A. in English in 1965, authored the Goosebumps series, which has sold more than 400 million copies worldwide since 1992, popularizing children's horror fiction.

Key Faculty and Leadership Figures

Walter “Ted” Carter Jr. has served as the 17th president of The Ohio State University since January 1, 2024. Appointed by the Board of Trustees on August 22, 2023, Carter previously held leadership positions including superintendent of the United States Naval Academy from 2015 to 2019 and president of the University of Nebraska system from 2019 to 2023. His tenure emphasizes strategic initiatives in research, student success, and institutional operations amid competitive higher education landscapes. Ravi V. Bellamkonda holds the position of executive vice president and provost, overseeing academic affairs, faculty development, and campus-wide educational programs. Appointed in 2023, Bellamkonda's background includes prior roles as dean of engineering at Duke University and extensive research in biomedical engineering, with over 200 peer-reviewed publications focused on neural engineering and cancer therapies. Among faculty, Pierre Agostini, professor emeritus of physics, received the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics, shared with Ferenc Krausz and Anne L'Huillier, for pioneering experimental methods to generate attosecond pulses of light, enabling real-time observation of electron dynamics in atoms and molecules. Agostini joined Ohio State in 2005 and retired in 2021, contributing to advancements in ultrafast laser science during his tenure. Earlier affiliations include faculty stints at Ohio State for other Nobel recipients, such as Leon Cooper, who taught physics there from 1957 to 1958 before his 1972 Nobel in Physics for superconductivity theory. Recent Distinguished University Professors include Patrick Green in veterinary biosciences, recognized in 2025 for contributions to animal health research, and Peter Hahn, emeritus history professor honored for diplomatic history scholarship. These awards, bestowed for sustained excellence after at least five years of service, underscore faculty impact with a $30,000 research grant each.

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