Oxynitride

The oxynitrides are a group of inorganic compounds containing oxygen and nitrogen not bound to each other, instead combined with other non-metallic or metallic elements. Some of these are oxosalts with oxygen replaced by nitrogen. Some of these compounds do not have a fixed oxygen to nitrogen ratio, but instead form ceramics with a range of compositions. They are in the class of mixed anion compounds.

Many can be formed by heating an oxide or carbonate with ammonia. The hydrogen can assist by reducing some of the oxygen. With higher temperatures and pressures nitrogen can be heated with a mixed oxide to yield a product.^[1] Other nitrogen rich compounds that can be heated with oxygen containing material are urea and melamine. For example urea heated with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate yields a phosphorus oxynitride.

There may not be a definite ratio of nitrogen to oxygen, and also nitrogen and oxygen may be disordered, swapping places at random.

Compared to oxides, the oxynitrides have a smaller band gap.^[2]

List

name	other name	formula	properties	reference
aluminium oxynitride	ALON		transparent, tough
Lithium silicon oxynitride	LiSiON		Pca2₁ Wurtzite structure a=5.1986 b=6.3893 c=4.7398	^[3]
	SiAlON	SiAlNO (Li,Mg,Y,Le,Ce,Eu)
Silicon oxynitride
sodium silicon oxynitride		NaSiON	white Wurtzite structure	^[3]
Sinoite		Si₂N₂O	mineral
		Li₁₄Cr₂N₈O	P3 a=5.799 c=8.263	^[3]
		NaGeON	white Wurtzite structure	^[3]
potassium germanium oxynitride		KGeON	yellow Wurtzite structure a=5.7376 b=8.0535 c=5.2173	^[3]
		(Si,Ge)₂N₂O		^[4]
tantalum oxynitride		TaON	P2₁/c	^[5]
		CaTaO₂N	perovskite	^[1]
		SrTaO₂N	perovskite	^[1]
		BaTaO₂N	perovskite	^[1]
		CaNbO₂N	perovskite	^[1]
		SrNbO₂N	perovskite	^[1]
		Sr₂NbO₃N		^[1]
strontium gallium oxynitride		Sr₄GaN₃O	red Pbca a = 7.4002 b = 24.3378 c = 7.4038Å, Z = 8	^[6]
		Sr₃Nb₂O₅N₂		^[1]
		In₃₂ON₁₇F₄₃	Ia3 a=10.536 fluorite structure
		BaNbO₂N	perovskite	^[1]
		LaTaON₂		^[1]
		LnTiO₂N		^[1]
		LnTaO₂N		^[1]
		EuTaO₂N		^[1]
		EuNbO₂N		^[1]
		LnNbO₂N		^[1]
		LnVO₂N		^[1]
		CaTiO₂N		^[1]
		CaZrO₂N		^[1]
		LaZrO₂N		^[1]
		EuWON₂		^[1]
		Ln₂AlO₃N		^[1]
Praseodymium(V) oxide nitride		PrON	molecular	^[7]
Phosphoryl nitride	PNO		α-quartz, β-cristobalite, or moganite structure
Titanium nickel oxynitride		NiTiNO
Chromium oxynitride		Cr(N,O)
galloaluminophosphate oxynitride	AlGaPON			^[8]
zinc oxynitride	ZnON
Titanium oxynitride		TiO_xN_y		^[9]
		K₂Ca₂Ta₃O₉N·2H₂O	perovskite	^[2]
		K₂LaTa₂O₆N·1.6H₂O		^[2]
Niobium oxynitride		NbON	pressure-induced baddeleyite to cotunnite structure transition	^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u Fuertes, Amparo (2012). "Chemistry and applications of oxynitride perovskites". Journal of Materials Chemistry. 22 (8): 3293. doi:10.1039/C2JM13182J.
^ ^a ^b ^c Tang, Ya; Kato, Kosaku; Oshima, Takayoshi; Mogi, Hiroto; Miyoshi, Akinobu; Fujii, Kotaro; Yanagisawa, Kei-ichi; Kimoto, Koji; Yamakata, Akira; Yashima, Masatomo; Maeda, Kazuhiko (2020-07-19). "Synthesis of Three-Layer Perovskite Oxynitride K 2 Ca 2 Ta 3 O 9 N·2H 2 O and Photocatalytic Activity for H 2 Evolution under Visible Light". Inorganic Chemistry. 59 (15): 11122–11128. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01607. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 32683860. S2CID 220653385.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Brese, Nathaniel E.; O'Keeffe, Michael (1992), "Crystal chemistry of inorganic nitrides", Complexes, Clusters and Crystal Chemistry, vol. 79, Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 307–378, doi:10.1007/bfb0036504, ISBN 978-3-540-55095-2, retrieved 2020-11-11
^ Kang, Lei; He, Gang; Zhang, Xinyuan; Li, Jiangtao; Lin, Zheshuai; Huang, Bing (2021-05-17). "Alloy Engineering of a Polar (Si,Ge) 2 N 2 O System for Controllable Second Harmonic Performance". Inorganic Chemistry. 60 (10): 7381–7388. arXiv:2009.06932. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00590. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 33905663. S2CID 231925656.
^ Stegner, Eve K.; Kuns, Madison R.; Ochoa-Romero, Kerly; Guirado, Gonzalo; Vela, Javier (2026-06-01). "Ball Mill Beatdown: Mechanochemical Synthesis of TaON Nanocrystals". Inorganic Chemistry. 65 (21): 11827–11835. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6c00957. ISSN 0020-1669. PMC 13231422. PMID 42139018.
^ Mallinson, Phillip M.; Gál, Zoltán A.; Clarke, Simon J. (January 2006). "Two New Structurally Related Strontium Gallium Nitrides: Sr 4 GaN 3 O and Sr 4 GaN 3 (CN 2 )". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (1): 419–423. doi:10.1021/ic051542q. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 16390084.
^ Hu, Shu-Xian; Jian, Jiwen; Su, Jing; Wu, Xuan; Li, Jun; Zhou, Mingfei (2017). "Pentavalent lanthanide nitride-oxides: NPrO and NPrO − complexes with NPr triple bonds". Chemical Science. 8 (5): 4035–4043. doi:10.1039/C7SC00710H. ISSN 2041-6520. PMC 5434915. PMID 28580119.^{[clarification needed]}
^ Lee, Eunha; Kim, Taeho; Benayad, Anass; Hur, Jihyun; Park, Gyeong-Su; Jeon, Sanghun (5 April 2016). "High mobility and high stability glassy metal-oxynitride materials and devices". Scientific Reports. 6 (1) 23940. Bibcode:2016NatSR...623940L. doi:10.1038/srep23940. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4820723. PMID 27044371.
^ Braic, Laurentiu; Vasilantonakis, Nikolaos; Mihai, Andrei; Villar Garcia, Ignacio Jose; Fearn, Sarah; Zou, Bin; Alford, Neil McN.; Doiron, Brock; Oulton, Rupert F.; Maier, Stefan A.; Zayats, Anatoly V.; Petrov, Peter K. (24 August 2017). "Titanium Oxynitride Thin Films with Tunable Double Epsilon-Near-Zero Behavior for Nanophotonic Applications". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 9 (35): 29857–29862. arXiv:1703.09467. Bibcode:2017AAMI....929857B. doi:10.1021/acsami.7b07660. hdl:10044/1/52727. PMID 28820932. S2CID 206458627.
^ Kozaki, Shumma; Yuan, Yao; Ubukata, Hiroki; Wei, Zefeng; Tsumori, Tatsuya; Asano, Shuto; Niwa, Ken; Hasegawa, Masashi; Kageyama, Hiroshi (2024-06-01). "High-pressure X-ray study of NbON oxynitride: direct transition from baddeleyite to cotunnite structure". Chemistry Letters. 53 (6) upae113. doi:10.1093/chemle/upae113. ISSN 0366-7022.

[fuertes-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u Fuertes, Amparo (2012). "Chemistry and applications of oxynitride perovskites". Journal of Materials Chemistry. 22 (8): 3293. doi:10.1039/C2JM13182J.

[:0-2] Tang, Ya; Kato, Kosaku; Oshima, Takayoshi; Mogi, Hiroto; Miyoshi, Akinobu; Fujii, Kotaro; Yanagisawa, Kei-ichi; Kimoto, Koji; Yamakata, Akira; Yashima, Masatomo; Maeda, Kazuhiko (2020-07-19). "Synthesis of Three-Layer Perovskite Oxynitride K 2 Ca 2 Ta 3 O 9 N·2H 2 O and Photocatalytic Activity for H 2 Evolution under Visible Light". Inorganic Chemistry. 59 (15): 11122–11128. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01607. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 32683860. S2CID 220653385.

[:1-3] Brese, Nathaniel E.; O'Keeffe, Michael (1992), "Crystal chemistry of inorganic nitrides", Complexes, Clusters and Crystal Chemistry, vol. 79, Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 307–378, doi:10.1007/bfb0036504, ISBN 978-3-540-55095-2, retrieved 2020-11-11

[4] Kang, Lei; He, Gang; Zhang, Xinyuan; Li, Jiangtao; Lin, Zheshuai; Huang, Bing (2021-05-17). "Alloy Engineering of a Polar (Si,Ge) 2 N 2 O System for Controllable Second Harmonic Performance". Inorganic Chemistry. 60 (10): 7381–7388. arXiv:2009.06932. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00590. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 33905663. S2CID 231925656.

[5] Stegner, Eve K.; Kuns, Madison R.; Ochoa-Romero, Kerly; Guirado, Gonzalo; Vela, Javier (2026-06-01). "Ball Mill Beatdown: Mechanochemical Synthesis of TaON Nanocrystals". Inorganic Chemistry. 65 (21): 11827–11835. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6c00957. ISSN 0020-1669. PMC 13231422. PMID 42139018.

[6] Mallinson, Phillip M.; Gál, Zoltán A.; Clarke, Simon J. (January 2006). "Two New Structurally Related Strontium Gallium Nitrides: Sr 4 GaN 3 O and Sr 4 GaN 3 (CN 2 )". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (1): 419–423. doi:10.1021/ic051542q. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 16390084.

[7] Hu, Shu-Xian; Jian, Jiwen; Su, Jing; Wu, Xuan; Li, Jun; Zhou, Mingfei (2017). "Pentavalent lanthanide nitride-oxides: NPrO and NPrO − complexes with NPr triple bonds". Chemical Science. 8 (5): 4035–4043. doi:10.1039/C7SC00710H. ISSN 2041-6520. PMC 5434915. PMID 28580119.^{[clarification needed]}

[8] Lee, Eunha; Kim, Taeho; Benayad, Anass; Hur, Jihyun; Park, Gyeong-Su; Jeon, Sanghun (5 April 2016). "High mobility and high stability glassy metal-oxynitride materials and devices". Scientific Reports. 6 (1) 23940. Bibcode:2016NatSR...623940L. doi:10.1038/srep23940. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4820723. PMID 27044371.

[9] Braic, Laurentiu; Vasilantonakis, Nikolaos; Mihai, Andrei; Villar Garcia, Ignacio Jose; Fearn, Sarah; Zou, Bin; Alford, Neil McN.; Doiron, Brock; Oulton, Rupert F.; Maier, Stefan A.; Zayats, Anatoly V.; Petrov, Peter K. (24 August 2017). "Titanium Oxynitride Thin Films with Tunable Double Epsilon-Near-Zero Behavior for Nanophotonic Applications". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 9 (35): 29857–29862. arXiv:1703.09467. Bibcode:2017AAMI....929857B. doi:10.1021/acsami.7b07660. hdl:10044/1/52727. PMID 28820932. S2CID 206458627.

[10] Kozaki, Shumma; Yuan, Yao; Ubukata, Hiroki; Wei, Zefeng; Tsumori, Tatsuya; Asano, Shuto; Niwa, Ken; Hasegawa, Masashi; Kageyama, Hiroshi (2024-06-01). "High-pressure X-ray study of NbON oxynitride: direct transition from baddeleyite to cotunnite structure". Chemistry Letters. 53 (6) upae113. doi:10.1093/chemle/upae113. ISSN 0366-7022.

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