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Press TV (stylised as PRESSTV) is an Iranian state-owned news media organisation, owned by Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), that broadcasts in the English and French languages. The 24-hour channel, which has headquarters in Tehran, was launched on 8 July 2007 and was intended to compete with western English language services.[1][2][3] Press TV has been described as an outlet for government propaganda.[4][5][6]

Key Information

Background and purpose

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PressTV shooting at University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Iran's first international English-language TV channel was established in 1976.[7] Later in 1997, Sahar TV was launched by IRIB, broadcasting in multiple languages including English.[7]

Press TV was created on 8 July 2007, for the purpose of presenting news, images and arguments, especially on Middle Eastern affairs, to counter the news coverage that appears on BBC World News, CNN International and Al Jazeera English.[2][3] Press TV is state-funded and is a division of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), the only organisation legally able to transmit radio and television broadcasts inside Iran.[4][5][1] Based in Tehran,[8] it broadcasts to North America, Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and parts of Africa and Latin America.[9]

IRIB's head is appointed directly by the supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei; according to The Guardian, it is close to the country's conservative political faction, especially the Revolutionary Guards.[10][11]

Press TV CEO Mohammad Sarafraz said in a June 2007 press conference that, "Since September 11, Western bias has divided the media into two camps: those that favour their policies make up one group and the rest of the media are attached to radical Islamic groups like Al-Qaeda. We want to show that there is a different view. Iran, and the Shi'as in particular, have become a focal point of world propaganda. From the media point of view, we are trying to give a second eye to Western audiences."[12]

By launching an English-language television network to promote an Iranian perspective of the world, together with an Arab-language station, the Al-Alam News Network, the Iranian government said it hoped "to address a global audience exposed to misinformation and mudslinging as regards the Islamic Republic of Iran."[13] The two networks focus on "difficult issues in the Middle East such as the United States’ occupation of neighbouring Iraq and the Shia question."[14] According to mediachannel.org, "the government aims to use Press TV to counter what it sees as a steady stream of Western propaganda against Iran as well as offer an alternative view of world news".[15][better source needed]

Press TV began its activities in London during 2007.[16] The network's website launched in late January 2007,[17] and the channel itself on 2 July 2007.[1][18] Roshan Muhammed Salih was Press TV's first London news editor and chief correspondent.[16] In an article for The Guardian in July 2009, Salih wrote that Press TV was "willing to give a platform to legitimate actors whom the western media will not touch, such as Hamas and Hezbollah".[19]

The BBC journalist Linda Pressly described Press TV as pro-Palestinian and opposed to sanctions against Iran in December 2011. At the time Press TV Ltd in London sold programmes to Iran, principally talk shows, while Tehran's Press TV International produced the majority of the news and documentaries.[20]

As of 2009, the annual budget of Press TV is 250 billion rials (more than US$8.3 million).[21] By then, the station was employing more than 400 throughout the world.[22]

Controversies

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Pro-Iranian government bias

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Press TV promotes Iranian foreign policy[23] and has been described as Iranian government propaganda.[24]

It has aired the coerced confessions of multiple prisoners, the basis for the revocation of its license to broadcast in the UK after such an incident.[25] Press TV has disputed accusations[which?] made against it.[26]

Press TV's news bulletins often feature Iranian ministers, diplomats or government officials, or guest commentators that express views consistent with the Iranian government's "message of the day."[27][28] In 2012, commentator Douglas Murray wrote that the station was the "Iranian government’s propaganda channel".[29]

In a post-election "information offensive," reports the Associated Press, Press TV and Al-Alam have "churned out a blitz of policy statements, negotiating points and news breaks as the main soapboxes for Iran's public diplomacy."[30]

In 2007, the Canadian weekly Maclean's, while observing that "most of Press TV's news reports are factually accurate," alleged that Press TV also publishes "intentional errors," citing a story on the Press TV website that contained the claim, based on "no evidence, that the Lebanese government is trying to convert the Nahr al-Bared Palestinian refugee camp into an American military base."[31]

In August 2009, Ofcom, the British broadcasting regulator, judged that two phone-in shows hosted by George Galloway on Press TV had broken its broadcasting code on impartiality in their coverage of the Gaza War by not including enough calls from pro-Israelis. Press TV said contributions to the show reflected the balance of opinion.[32]

The Sunday Times journalist Eleanor Mills walked out before a Press TV interview in 2010 after discovering she was not being interviewed by Sky News, as she had falsely believed. While she was reassured on editorial independence from Tehran, Mills doubted she would be able to talk about torture in Iran or Neda Agha-Soltan, who was shot dead in the 2009 Iranian presidential election protests.[33]

Antisemitism

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Press TV has been accused by the UK's The Jewish Chronicle of broadcasting "the most disreputable of fringe causes", such as Holocaust denial,[34] and of antisemitic conspiracy theories by the Anti-Defamation League.[35]

It was accused in December 2011 by British journalist Nick Cohen of functioning as "a platform for the full fascist conspiracy theory of supernatural Jewish power". He wrote that "If whites ran Press TV, one would have no difficulty in saying it was a neo-Nazi network".[36] In 2009, Oliver Kamm in The Jewish Chronicle accused Press TV of having an "ability to insinuate into public debate the worst and most pernicious ideas around", including Holocaust denial.[34] Cohen mentioned that the station featured "fascist ideologues such as Peter Rushton, the leader of the White Nationalist Party – an organisation that disproves the notion that the only thing further to the right of the BNP is the wall."[36]

In a September 2009, Press TV picked up and republished an antisemitic conspiracy theory that was circulating in Algeria and Morocco, accusing Jews of a conspiracy to kidnap Algerian children and harvest their organs. Moroccan journalist Hassan Masiky criticized Press TV for trafficking in a dangerous "work of fantasy" that is a "nonsense, nightmarish tale".[37]

In a May 2011 article reprinted on the website of Press TV, correspondent Mark Dankof wrote an article about how the prediction of the fabricated antisemitic text Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion is "only partially true", and lauded Press TV as "one of the few exceptions to the Lobby's control" of the media.[38]

In 2012, a report from the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) alleged that Press TV had broadcast antisemitic conspiracy theories and opinions, including interviewing individuals such as the American conspiracy theorist David Duke who said on the station that Israel was involved in 9/11 and the Iraq War. He said: "The Zionists orchestrated and created this war in the media, the government, and international finance".[39] The ADL reported in 2013 that in another appearance, Duke made "anti-Semitic allegations that are consistent with his record and typical of the views often espoused on Press TV".[40] Mark Dankof has also backed claims on Press TV that 9/11 was an "Israeli Mossad inside operation from start to finish".[39]

In early 2015, Press TV claimed Jews or Israel were responsible for the Charlie Hebdo shooting in Paris.[41] In a 20 January 2015 article by Kevin Barrett on the station's website he claimed that "The Zionists created ISIL and sent it to fight Muslims and Christians in Syria and Iraq" while "New World Order Zionism is also targeting the USA for destruction".[42] In a 17 February 2015 article for the website, Barrett claimed 9/11 was a "Zionist ‘coup d'etat’ to seize power in the country and launch a permanent war on Islam on behalf of Israel" and falsely claimed the 2011 attacks in Norway was the responsibility of a "team of Zionist-liked professional killers."[42]

In early March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Press TV broadcast an item claiming "Zionist elements developed a deadlier strain of coronavirus against Iran" and a few days later claimed Israel was responsible for the virus.[6]

Publication of Holocaust denial

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On the subject of International Holocaust Remembrance Day (27 January), an editorial on the Press TV website in 2008 noted, "On this anniversary, we all need to mull over the faking of history and the Greatest Lie Ever Told". In 2008, The Jerusalem Post[43] and the British Searchlight magazine[44] criticized Press TV for reprinting on its website an article entitled "The Walls of Auschwitz: A Review of the Chemical Studies" by the British Holocaust denier Nicholas Kollerstrom which was first published by the denial group, the Committee for Open Debate on the Holocaust (CODOH).[45] The document claims that the Auschwitz gas chambers were used for "benign" purposes only and said "the alleged massacre of Jewish people by gassing during World War II was scientifically impossible".[43][46] Press TV described Kollerstrom, by then removed as an honorary fellow of University College London (UCL) because of the article,[45] as a "distinguished academic".[46][47] Other Holocaust deniers to have appeared on the station include Michèle Renouf and Peter Rushton.[48]

In a 2014 article on the website, the Canadian writer Brandon Martinez described Auschwitz as having been an appealing place where Jews were able to participate in "cultural and leisure activities". He rejected the existence of gas chambers during the Holocaust and the use of Zyklon B for the mass killings of European Jews. To make his assertions, he drew on claims made by Holocaust deniers Mark Webber and David Irving.[49]

In November 2013, the Press TV website reprinted an opinion piece in its 'Viewpoints' section, first written by M.I. Bhat for Veterans Today, although Bhat was a regular columnist for Press TV as well.[50] The article blamed Jews for their fate in the Holocaust and accepted "the Nazi regime’s anti-Jewish conspiracy theories as historical fact". Bhat queried whether American Jews were "incubating another Hitler".[50]

Maziar Bahari case

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On 10 June 2010, the United Kingdom's Channel 4 News interviewed Iranian-Canadian journalist Maziar Bahari, a documentary maker and Newsweek contributor, who was arrested while filming the protests following the contested Iranian presidential election in 2009.[51]

Held in Evin Prison, Bahari was accused of spying for the CIA, MI6 and Mossad, and was detained for 118 days. Bahari alleged that a 10-second Press TV interview and 'confession' that the western media was guilty of fomenting the protests had been preceded by torture, and was given under the threat of execution. The nature of the interview, that it was a forced confession, was not disclosed to viewers of the footage.[51][52][53] Having to talk complete rubbish before a camera to save his life "was like a rape”, he told The Sunday Times in 2012. "It went against the very essence of me".[54] Bahari is not the only Iranian prisoner who has been coerced with a following broadcast of the supposed confession.[25]

Allegations about Canada

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Following the severing of diplomatic relations between Canada and Iran in September 2012, Press TV began to devote more attention to Canada.

In December 2012, Press TV aired a report entitled "Alberta takes aboriginal kids from parents at high rate" in which Joshua Blakeney, Press TV's Calgary correspondent, claimed that Alberta's child protective services were engaged in the human trafficking of First Nations children. Blakeney stated that "Some upset parents allege that there is a profit motive behind what they refer to as Canada's so-called child protective services" and asserted that an anti-terrorism squad, called INSET, was responsible for the abductions.[55][56]

One of the veiled women interviewed in the report (who was not identified) claimed that her "aboriginal children were taken by a squad of 32 police officers." Another woman interviewed stated that "It definitely is a money-making scheme, because a lot of native children have been sold into adoption, but it is also used as an assimilation program [and] a genocidal program." The report also showed written messages of "Help me! Now!!", which were allegedly written by abducted children.[55]

The allegations in the report were immediately denied by Government officials and Native leaders. Cindy Blackstock, an associate professor at the University of Alberta and executive director of the First Nations Child and Family Caring Society of Canada denied the report was true, stating that "The factors driving aboriginal children into care have been well-known for 15 years; it's poverty, poor housing and substance abuse. ... The federal government provides significantly less funding on reserves than for all other Canadians ... but I have never in my life heard of any military undertones to this."[55]

Blakeney has also claimed in reports published or broadcast by Press TV, that the appearance of Canada's new $20 bill was evidence that Canada "remained an imperialist nation" and that "90% of Canadian youth felt stressed about careers." Blakeney subsequently claimed that his reports for Press TV are "defiantly illuminating the skeletons in Canada’s closet."[57]

Another report made several charges against the Canadian government, including:

  • Secret plans to "steal indigenous children";
  • "Ignorance of the First Nation land rights";
  • Jailing refugees without cause; and
  • using excessive force to suppress student protests.

Another program interviewed Alfred Lambremont Webre, who was described as an "international lawyer" based in Vancouver. Webre stated Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper is an "out and out Zionist" who is engaging in the "same repressive policies within Canada that Israel follows within its own territories against the Palestinian people." Webre then described a conspiracy between Vancouver police and serial killer Robert Pickton "to commit ritual Satanic murders with high-ranking politicians." Finally, Webre claimed that Queen Elizabeth II abducted 10 Aboriginal children in 1964. Concluding his comments, Webre described Canada as "the ultimate Zionist state under the British Crown and under Israel."[57]

In response, Paul Heinbecker, a former Canadian ambassador to the United Nations and a distinguished fellow at the Centre for International Governance Innovation at the University of Waterloo, has stated that Press TV is highlighting Canada's First Nations in order to "negate" Canadian reports of human rights allegations against Iran. Heinbecker stated that "The human rights situations in the two countries are scarcely comparable ... but our own very real shortcomings on Aboriginal issues ... are fodder for the Iranian efforts."[57] Iranian native Payam Akhavan, a professor of international law at McGill University, stated that "Canada's diplomatic posture has elevated its ranking in the regime's demonology charts."[57] Ed Corrigan, an immigration lawyer and former councillor for London, Ontario, is a regular guest on Press TV. Corrigan, who has said that "There's very few people in Canada who have more expertise on Middle East politics than I do," argues that Press TV is demonstrating the "international opinion" of Canada's treatment of its native peoples, explaining that "We tend to forget about our conquest of North America ... but most countries in the world see it as a colonial exercise."[57]

Coverage of the Russian invasion of Ukraine

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Like the Kremlin, Press TV used Moscow's term "special operation" to describe the early days of the 2022 war in Ukraine. It also used headlines describing massacred civilians in Bucha as a "fake attack" and "provocation" aimed at Russia.[58]

Staff resignations

[edit]

Nick Ferrari

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Nick Ferrari, a British radio presenter on LBC, resigned from his show on Press TV on 30 June 2009, following the response of the country's authorities to protests over the disputed Iranian presidential election. Ferrari told The Times that Press TV's news coverage had been "reasonably fair" until the election—but was not any longer.[59] Ferrari admitted joining Press TV "was one of the dimmest career decisions of my life", although he also said he had not been pressurized to adhere to any particular line.[60]

Hassan Abdulrahman

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In September 2009, The Times reported that Hassan Abdulrahman, born David Theodore Belfield, one of the chief editors of the Press TV website from the beginning of Press TV's news department, had stated that he left Press TV as chief online editor in July 2009 after the election in protest at its skewed coverage of that event.[61][62][63] The Times quoted Abdulrahman as saying, "No, I don't think Press TV is about [real journalism]. By its nature, state journalism is not journalism. They have some programmes on there that might be, but generally it's not."[61][62] In the article the Times also reported that Abdulrahman, who has also used the alias Dawud Salahuddin, is wanted by the FBI for shooting dead Ali Akbar Tabatabai, a former press attache at the pre-revolutionary Iranian embassy in Washington, in 1980. The Iranian government provided Belfield money and airfare to Tehran after he committed the killing, which he admitted to in 1995.[64] (However, he denied that it was "murderous", stating that it was "an act of war...In Islamic religious terms, taking a life is sometimes sanctioned and even highly praised, and I thought that event was just such a time.")[65]

Sheena Shirani

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Sheena Shirani worked for Press TV from 2007 to January 2016 as an editor, producer and news presenter. She said that her news director Hamid Reza Emadi and studio manager Payam Afshar sexually harassed her for years, and published a recorded phone conversation with her boss Emadi. Press TV suspended both managers following the incident.[66]

Sanctions and restrictions

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On 26 June 2008, Florida congressman Gus Bilirakis proposed to declare Press TV, Al-Alam News Network and several IRIB-affiliated channels as a "Specially Designated Global Terrorist entity."[67][68]

In 2010, the Jammu and Kashmir government banned Press TV for airing video on the 2010 Qur'an-burning controversy saying "We have decided to impose a ban on the airing of Press TV broadcasts by local cable operators. We appeal to the people not to heed unverified reports about the alleged desecration of the Holy Koran which have only been aired by Press TV and no other television news channel in the world."[69]

On 3 April 2012, Munich-based media regulator Bayerische Landeszentrale für neue Medien (BLM), announced it was removing Press TV from the SES Astra satellite, as they did not have a licence to broadcast in Europe.[70]

In October 2012, Eutelsat stopped broadcasting Press TV on the order, the channel said, of the European Commission.[71] The following month, the Hong Kong-based AsiaSat took Iranian channels off air in East Asia. The Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting managed to resume broadcasts after striking deals with smaller companies that are based in other countries.[72]

Google blocked Press TV access to their Gmail and YouTube in April 2019; although the latter remained active no new content could be added.[73][better source needed] YouTube removed Press TV UK from its platform in January 2020. Press TV accused Google, which owns YouTube, of censorship. The Press TV UK channel appeared after the original was removed.[23] In April 2019, Press TV reported that Google blocked their access (along with HispanTV) "without prior notice, citing "violation of policies," and that they received a message saying "your Google Account was disabled and can’t be restored because it was used in a way that violates Google’s policies." Although their YouTube channels remain open, no new content can be published. Press TV claimed that Google "has refused to offer an explanation for shutting down the accounts," and that they have not violated any of Google's listed policies.[73][better source needed]

On 15 September 2023, the United States Department of the Treasury added Press TV to the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC)'s Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List.[74][75]

In 2023, Australia imposed sanctions on Press TV on the anniversary of the death of Mahsa Amini, due to its airing of forced confessions. While it does not broadcast in Australia, Press TV has continued to operate in the country.[76]

UK license revocation

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Maziar Bahari, by then a British resident, complained to Ofcom, the regulatory authority for the telecommunication industries in the United Kingdom.[51]

In May 2011, Ofcom ruled that Press TV was responsible for a serious breach of UK broadcasting rules by airing a 10-second interview with Maziar Bahari, accepting that it had been obtained under duress while he was imprisoned.[77] Ofcom held a hearing in July 2011; the Press TV delegation included two British politicians who have worked as presenters for the channel.[48] A fine of £100,000 ($155,000 in January 2012) was eventually imposed in November 2011, reversing an initial decision to revoke Press TV's licence.[78] The extent of the fine was partly due to Press TV continuing to run the interview after warnings from Ofcom that the station had broken the Broadcasting Code.[53]

Responding to the decision, Press TV said Ofcom was "influenced by powerful pro-Israeli politicians and US sympathisers" and "members of the royal family and the government".[79][78] It maintained Bahari was an "MI6 contact person".[70] Defenders of Press TV, such as Geoffrey Alderman and the broadcaster's legal representative, Farooq Bajwa, referred to a leaked American diplomatic cable dated 4 February 2010. The cable said the British government was then "exploring ways to limit the operations of the IRIB's Press TV service" in response to the jamming by the Iranian government of broadcasts by the BBC Persian Service and the Voice of America.[20][80][81]

On 20 January 2012, Press TV's licence to broadcast in the UK was revoked by Ofcom with immediate effect.[82][83] The investigation into the Bahari case had revealed the applying company's direct connection to Tehran, and that editorial control came from there. An invitation to change this in the licence had not been taken up by Press TV.[84][85] Geoffrey Alderman, who had appeared on Press TV to put the Zionist case, criticised the Ofcom decision, describing it as "thoroughly deplorable as well as palpably cynical" and "an affront to freedom of expression". He said the location of Press TV's editorial control had not changed since the licence was granted.[81] Press TV said Ofcom's decision was a "clear instance of censorship".[85] However, it continued to broadcast in the UK via its YouTube and Facebook pages.[86]

Website domain seizure

[edit]
Image placed after seizure by the Department of Justice.

On 22 June 2021, the presstv.com domain was seized from a company based in the United States by the United States Department of Justice, shutting down Press TV's website and the websites of other Iranian media outlets.[87][88] The Department of Justice said that these sites were sources of Iranian-linked disinformation and that proper licensing had not been acquired from the Office of Foreign Assets Control for the use of the domains.[88] Soon thereafter, the broadcaster changed the domain name for its website to use the .ir top-level domain and was back online.[89]

Support for Press TV

[edit]

In 2009, responding to Peter Wilby, Dominic Lawson and other critics, Mehdi Hasan, writing for the New Statesman, argued that "engaging with Iran, no matter who is in charge in Tehran, is a prerequisite for peace and progress in the region. The very fact that Press TV is Iranian-owned makes it the ideal English-language platform on which to do so."[90]

American conspiracy theorist James Fetzer, whose views have often been featured by Press TV and Fars News, has stated that "Press TV, along with RT and Sputnik News, have become the gold standard for reporting on international events and developments".[91]

See also

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References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Press TV

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia

Press TV is a 24-hour English-language (and French-language) news and documentary television network owned and operated by Iran's state broadcaster, the (IRIB). Launched on July 2, 2007, and headquartered in , it aims to deliver global news coverage with a focus on challenging narratives, emphasizing perspectives aligned with Iranian foreign policy interests such as opposition to imperialism and support for Palestinian causes. Funded through IRIB's combination of government subsidies and advertising revenue, the network employs correspondents worldwide but has faced international restrictions due to its role in disseminating regime-approved content. While Press TV positions itself as an independent alternative to dominant Western outlets, providing in-depth analysis on Middle Eastern affairs and global events, it has been designated by multiple governments as a conduit for Iranian state propaganda. The has sanctioned it for involvement in campaigns and seized associated websites, while the imposed asset freezes in 2022 over allegations of broadcasting forced confessions from detainees. in the revoked its broadcasting license in 2012 for regulatory violations, leading to bans across and , though it continues operations via online platforms and in select regions like despite ongoing sanctions. Critics, including organizations tracking , highlight its promotion of anti-Jewish tropes and alignment with Iranian ideological goals, underscoring its function as an instrument of Tehran's projection rather than neutral .

Founding and Operations

Establishment and Launch

Press TV was established by the , Iran's state broadcaster, as the country's inaugural 24-hour English-language international television news network. The channel commenced test broadcasts in June 2007 before its official launch on July 8, 2007. Headquartered in , it was designed to deliver news coverage to a global audience, positioning itself as a counter to dominant Western media narratives. The launch was inaugurated by Iranian President , who described Press TV's mission as standing "beside the oppressed people of the world" and promoting viewpoints underrepresented in mainstream international outlets. This initiative reflected Iran's broader strategy to expand its media influence abroad through state-funded broadcasting in multiple languages. In preparation, Press TV Limited was incorporated in in 2006 to handle production of content for the Tehran-based operation. From its inception, Press TV operated under IRIB oversight, with derived from the , enabling round-the-clock programming focused on international affairs from an Iranian perspective. The network quickly established bureaus and correspondents worldwide to support its global reach ambitions.

Organizational Structure and Funding

Press TV functions as a division of the (IRIB), Iran's state-controlled public broadcaster, operating specifically under IRIB's World Service for international . IRIB's is directed by a supervisory council established under Article 175 of the , comprising representatives from the , , , and other bodies, with the IRIB president appointed by the Supreme Leader. This structure ensures centralized oversight, with the Supreme Leader holding ultimate authority over IRIB leadership appointments per constitutional provisions. Within Press TV, management is hierarchical, led by a who concurrently serves as of IRIB World Service. Ahmad Norouzi has held this dual role since his appointment by IRIB chief Peyman Jebelli on October 11, 2021. The organization employs a cadre of directors overseeing departments such as programming, , and digital operations, including figures like Alireza Bakhtiari, Syed Zafar Mehdi, and Seyed Hossein Sohrabi. Operational decisions align with IRIB's broader mandate, emphasizing state-approved content dissemination. Funding for Press TV derives exclusively from IRIB's budget, which is sustained by the Iranian government through public allocations, a mandatory fee equivalent to approximately 10-15% of household bills collected nationwide, and limited advertising revenues. As a non-commercial entity focused on and projection, Press TV receives no independent revenue streams or foreign investments, with all resources channeled via IRIB to support its 24-hour English-language operations launched in 2007. This state dependency underscores its role as an instrument of official policy, devoid of private ownership or diversified financing.

Programming Format and Global Reach

Press TV operates as a 24-hour news network, featuring a mix of live news bulletins, in-depth documentaries, talk shows, and analytical programs scheduled in to align with global time zones. Typical programming includes recurring segments such as in Full for comprehensive international coverage, and Exposé series focusing on investigative topics, and region-specific shows like Africa Today. Documentaries often address geopolitical conflicts, sanctions, and alternative viewpoints on global events, interspersed with interviews and infocliips. The network's content emphasizes original reporting from Tehran-based studios and correspondents worldwide, supplemented by syndicated footage and on-demand access via its website. While primarily structured around news cycles, programming avoids traditional formats, prioritizing informational output over scripted series or commercials. In terms of global reach, Press TV transmits via multiple geostationary satellites, including 20 at 68.5°E covering and , Yamal 402 at 54.9°E serving parts of and , and 19 enabling access in and as of May 12, 2025. It broadcasts in English as its primary language, with a French-language feed, and maintains online streaming for unrestricted worldwide availability through its platform and apps. Recent expansions include Turkish-language programming launched on January 21, 2025, to target specific audiences, though core operations remain English-focused. The network aims to rival outlets like and by providing satellite and digital distribution to an international viewership, though precise audience metrics are not publicly detailed beyond state-reported growth in regional footprints.

Editorial Perspective and Content Focus

Coverage of International Affairs

Press TV's coverage of international affairs predominantly aligns with the foreign policy objectives of the of , emphasizing narratives that portray Western interventions, particularly by the and its allies, as imperialistic and destabilizing, while supporting Iran's regional partners such as the Syrian government under . Reports frequently highlight alleged Israeli aggressions in Syria, including ground incursions and arrests in provinces like and , framing them as violations of Syrian sovereignty. Coverage of Syrian internal conflicts often depicts opposition groups, such as Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), as Western-backed militants engaging in massacres against minorities, thereby justifying Assad's military actions and Iran's advisory role. In the Israel-Palestine conflict, Press TV consistently accuses of systematic and war crimes in Gaza, citing figures such as over 68,500 Palestinian deaths and 170,300 injuries since October 2023, and condemning actions like dumping or blocking as deliberate weapons of . It reports Israeli ceasefire violations, such as airstrikes killing civilians, and criticizes figures like for inflammatory rhetoric advocating shootings near Gaza borders. This framing extends to broader anti-Zionist narratives, often amplifying voices from Palestinian groups like Islamic that demand UN-authorized forces for Gaza stabilization. On foreign policy, Press TV portrays American actions as hegemonic, rejecting allegations of Iranian interference in regional affairs as unfounded pretexts for sanctions, and highlighting solidarity among , , and against such measures. Coverage critiques support for , including the "Qualitative Military Edge" policy that prioritizes Israeli military superiority over Arab states, and frames deployments like naval strike groups near as fabricated pretexts for war. Analyses of figures like emphasize his rhetoric as influencing aggressive policies toward , often drawing on posts to underscore perceived threats. External assessments characterize this coverage as promoting Iranian state propaganda, with selective sourcing that downplays or omits adverse facts about Iran's allies, such as HTS's internal clashes or Assad's chemical weapon use, in favor of conspiracy-laden critiques of the West. Such patterns reflect a broader editorial focus on anti-imperialist themes, including US disinformation campaigns against Iran, Russia, and China, while rarely featuring dissenting viewpoints from Western or Sunni Arab perspectives.

Alternative Narratives on Western Policies

Press TV frequently depicts Western foreign policies, particularly those of the and its allies, as driven by imperialistic motives, resource exploitation, and geopolitical dominance rather than humanitarian or security concerns. In coverage of the 2003 US-led invasion of , the network has emphasized that the operation was predicated on fabricated claims of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), leading to widespread destruction, over 1 million Iraqi deaths, and the empowerment of as the primary beneficiary, as detailed in a US Army study cited by the outlet. Similarly, Press TV's reporting on the US intervention in highlights the expenditure of trillions of dollars over two decades, resulting in strategic failure, nation-wide ruin, and no sustainable governance, portraying the withdrawal in August 2021 as an admission of defeat after unleashing chaos. Regarding policies toward and territories, Press TV advances narratives framing Israeli actions as systematic , with Western governments "chronic " through arms supplies and diplomatic cover, contrasting sharply with mainstream accounts that emphasize 's right to . The network has hosted Western politicians critical of Israel, including British MP George Galloway discussing Israeli actions in Gaza and former US Congresswoman Cynthia McKinney questioning Israel's ties to terrorism. For instance, has reported over Palestinian in Gaza since October 2023, attributing them to deliberate starvation tactics and indiscriminate bombings, while criticizing and European media for pro- that manufactures consent for aggression. It often highlights polls, such as a 2025 Washington Post survey indicating % of view 's Gaza operations as war crimes, to underscore alleged hypocrisy in Western support. In analyses of the conflict since 2022, Press TV portrays NATO's expansion and arming of Kiev as provocative encirclement of , accusing Western media of orientalist double standards that prioritize European casualties while ignoring similar interventions elsewhere, such as in the . The outlet claims this coverage silences dissenting voices and promotes an unwinnable to weaken , with reports noting over 10,000 Ukrainian forces encircled in recent advances as evidence of NATO's miscalculations. These narratives consistently position and its allies as counterweights to Western hegemony, though critics from outlets like the ADL argue they amplify anti-Western and antisemitic tropes under the guise of alternative journalism.

Promotion of Iranian Domestic Achievements

Press TV regularly features content that underscores Iran's advancements in science, , and industry, framing them as evidence of national amid . In a 2024 article, the network detailed Iran's scientific output growing 11 times faster than the global average between 2003 and 2012, according to analysis by Science-Metrix, a Montreal-based data firm, with notable progress in , , , rocketry, stem cells, , and defense systems. Similar coverage in August 2025 emphasized 's role in economic reshaping, citing Iran's production of vaccines and biopharmaceuticals as defying sanctions through domestic innovation. The network promotes Iran's sector as a key economic driver, reporting in December 2023 that Iran ranked fourth globally in nano-science publications and products per StatNano data, with applications in , , and contributing to import substitution. In September 2024, Press TV highlighted industrial localization efforts, attributing rapid knowledge-based production to education and training despite sanctions, positioning as competitive in fields like and . Agricultural innovations receive attention as well, with a July 2025 segment on smart farming technologies aiming to modernize 40% of farms by 2045, enhancing productivity and rural economies through precision and data analytics. Defense and space achievements are portrayed as symbols of technological sovereignty, such as the September 2024 coverage of the Army's Air Defense Force conquering "peaks of " through indigenous and systems. Press TV's October 2025 reporting on nuclear applications extended to economic solutions like the Irradiation Center for food preservation, illustrating how atomic technology supports agriculture and reduces waste. These narratives consistently attribute progress to state policies under Supreme Leader , as noted in July 2025 broadcasts accelerating military and scientific momentum. While Press TV sources these claims from Iranian officials and metrics, independent verification of rankings like StatNano's confirms Iran's high output in nano-publications, though economic impacts remain constrained by sanctions and internal challenges.

Major Controversies

Allegations of Pro-Iranian Bias and Propaganda

Press TV, operated as a subsidiary of the , Iran's state-controlled broadcaster, has faced widespread allegations of functioning as a mouthpiece for the Iranian due to its direct and editorial oversight by the regime. Critics, including Western s and independent analysts, contend that this structure inherently prioritizes Tehran's official narratives over objective reporting, with content often mirroring state on foreign policy, domestic achievements, and adversarial powers. For instance, a U.S. Department of action seized domains linked to Press TV for "laundering content from Iranian state media," describing the outlet as posting "exclusively pro-Iranian content" to amplify regime perspectives under the guise of independent . Allegations intensified following specific instances of coverage that aligned closely with Iranian state interests, such as downplaying or denying regime responsibility in events like the 2022 , which sparked nationwide protests; Press TV promoted narratives attributing her death to external factors rather than police custody, echoing official Iranian claims. Similarly, the outlet has been accused of advancing conspiratorial theories favored by , including assertions that Western powers or orchestrate "" operations to undermine , thereby reinforcing the regime's anti-imperialist rhetoric. These patterns, documented in analyses of Press TV's output, suggest a systematic where criticism of Iran's policies—such as nuclear activities or abuses—is minimized, while achievements like scientific advancements or regional alliances are highlighted without scrutiny. Regulatory responses underscore these claims: In 2023, imposed sanctions on Press TV executives for broadcasting forced confessions of dissidents, labeling it a tool for regime propaganda rather than legitimate . U.S. authorities have similarly viewed the network as part of Iran's broader efforts, seizing over 30 domains in 2021 that hosted Press TV material deemed to propagate state-sponsored falsehoods targeting international audiences. watchdogs rate Press TV as highly biased, citing poor sourcing from regime-aligned outlets and a failure to present countervailing evidence, which perpetuates a one-sided portrayal of global events favorable to . While Press TV defends its role as countering Western media dominance, detractors argue this framing masks its role in advancing Iran's geopolitical agenda, including support for proxy groups and denial of verified regime actions.

Claims of Antisemitism and Holocaust Denial

Press TV has been accused by the (ADL) of systematically promoting tropes through its programming and channels, including allegations of Jewish or Zionist control over global media, finance, politics, and events such as protests or pandemics. For instance, in a March 19, 2022, episode of its program Palestine Declassified, host David Miller claimed a "Zionist stranglehold over the top of the music industry," targeting entities like for alleged pro- affiliations. Similarly, contributor Kevin Barrett asserted on March 7, 2020, that the and were waging via the , implying Zionist orchestration of global health crises. These narratives often conflate , Zionists, and , portraying them interchangeably as conspiratorial forces, according to ADL analyses of Press TV's content from 2012 onward. The network has frequently hosted guests associated with antisemitic views, amplifying claims of Jewish dominance in Western policy and media. In a September 11, 2012, interview, former Ku Klux Klan leader alleged Zionist orchestration of the , a trope echoed in other broadcasts blaming for "false flag" operations. Regular contributor Ken O'Keefe, who has denied and invoked Talmudic stereotypes to accuse of predatory behavior, appeared repeatedly on Press TV, including in segments promoting anti-Jewish theories. ADL reports document over a dozen such instances between 2010 and 2015, where guests like Mark Dankof and Gordon Duff decried "Israeli control" of U.S. and media narratives. Critics, including the ADL, argue this content serves Iran's state agenda of exporting to English-speaking audiences, reaching millions via despite broadcasting bans. Regarding Holocaust denial, Press TV has aired and published material questioning the historical veracity of the , aligning with Iranian government positions. A February 24, 2014, article titled "Zionist exceptionalism fears WW2 truth" described as "the Greatest Lie Ever Told," asserting it was "scientifically impossible" and casting doubt on Auschwitz's gas chambers and survivor testimonies. Contributor Brandon Martinez echoed this in 2014 by claiming Auschwitz lacked gas chambers, as highlighted by ADL monitoring. The network has also featured figures like comedian , who praised in a 2010 appearance, and Joachim Martillo, a known denier, in segments distorting facts or equating Israeli actions in Gaza to a "holocaust" against . Additionally, a 2009 Press TV website article by Nicholas Kollerstrom promoted denialist arguments, prompting criticism from outlets like for peddling "pernicious tosh." These elements, per ADL documentation, contribute to a pattern of denial and distortion that extends Iran's official skepticism of into international discourse.

Specific Incidents Involving Misreporting

In June 2009, amid protests following Iran's disputed , Press TV reported that Neda Agha-Soltan, whose shooting death became a symbol of the unrest, did not die from a bullet fired by a government-aligned militiaman as shown in widely circulated video footage, but rather suggested her body was moved to the scene or that protesters were responsible. This contradicted eyewitness accounts, medical reports, and video evidence verified by multiple international outlets indicating she was killed by a Basij sniper near Tehran's Baharestan Square. Press TV has broadcast coerced confessions presented as voluntary admissions, misrepresenting the circumstances of detainees' statements. In 2009, it aired an with detained Maziar Bahari, portraying it as evidence of foreign and voluntary cooperation, though Bahari later stated it was extracted under including beatings and threats during his 118-day imprisonment. The UK's fined Press TV £100,000 for breaching fairness rules by failing to disclose the coercive context, though the broadcast contributed to a false narrative of guilt. Similarly, in 2012, Press TV was implicated in filming and airing forced confessions from 13 Arab-Iranian political prisoners in Ramshir, who alleged physical abuse and threats to extract admissions of and violence, which the network presented without qualification. As part of Iran's state broadcaster IRIB, Press TV has relayed reports stemming from at least 355 televised confessions aired between 2011 and 2020, many documented as coerced through threats, beatings, and isolation, yet broadcast as authentic self-incriminations of dissidents, journalists, and activists to justify arrests and executions. The U.S. Treasury Department cited such practices as routine dissemination of false news and propaganda.

Staff Departures and Internal Criticisms

In June 2009, British radio presenter resigned from hosting his weekly program on Press TV shortly after Iran's disputed presidential election, protesting the channel's failure to report impartially on the post-election unrest and government crackdown. Ferrari, who had joined the network earlier that year, stated that the coverage amounted to "" rather than , particularly in downplaying protester deaths and framing dissent as orchestrated by foreign powers. During the Arab Spring uprisings, at least a handful of Press TV anchors, photographers, and departed amid internal objections to editorial directives that portrayed the revolts as Zionist or Western conspiracies rather than movements. Former Jody Sabral publicly cited instructions to produce reports alleging the uprisings were a "Zionist plot," which she viewed as unethical distortion conflicting with on-the-ground realities she observed. These exits underscored broader staff discontent with the network's alignment to Iranian state narratives, though most employees continued operations without similar public dissent. Other former contributors, including freelance journalists, have echoed criticisms of Press TV's environment as one prioritizing regime-approved framing over factual independence, with some attributing their departures to pressure to avoid scrutiny under broadcasting rules that later led to the channel's license revocation. Such internal pushback, while limited in scale, has been cited by observers as evidence of recognized elements within the organization, contrasting with its self-presentation as an alternative to .

Regulatory Actions and Restrictions

UK Broadcasting License Revocation

On 20 January 2012, , the 's communications regulator, revoked the broadcasting license held by Press TV Limited, the UK-based entity licensed to transmit the Iranian state-funded channel Press TV, with immediate effect. The decision required satellite providers such as to cease carrying the channel in homes by the end of that day, though online access remained available. The revocation stemmed from Press TV Limited's failure to demonstrate effective editorial control over the service, as required under section 362(2) of the , with content decisions originating from rather than the licensed UK entity. Ofcom had issued multiple prior warnings to Press TV about this structural issue, noting that the licensee had not applied for necessary changes to address it, leading to the conclusion that the entity had ceased providing the licensed service in compliance with law. This action followed a pattern of regulatory sanctions against Press TV for breaches of impartiality, accuracy, and fairness rules. In November 2011, imposed a £100,000 fine after initially considering revocation over the channel's 2009 broadcast of a coerced "confession" interview with detained journalist , obtained under duress during his imprisonment in ; the regulator found the item's presentation contributed to overall unfairness by lacking consent and context. Press TV refused to pay the fine, exacerbating tensions. The channel had faced at least seven prior adjudications for similar violations, including biased reporting on international conflicts and domestic Iranian events, underscoring the incompatibility of its state-directed editorial oversight with standards requiring independence from foreign governmental influence. Press TV described the revocation as "a blatant example of censorship" politically motivated by its coverage of UK events like the 2011 riots and opposition to Western policies, claiming Ofcom ignored communications from its executives. Ofcom rejected these assertions, emphasizing the decision's basis in licensing conditions and repeated non-compliance rather than content alone. The move aligned with broader UK scrutiny of foreign state broadcasters lacking demonstrable editorial autonomy, though some commentators argued it risked suppressing alternative viewpoints challenging mainstream narratives.

US Domain Seizures and Sanctions

In June 2021, the seized 33 domain names operated by the Iranian Islamic Radio and Television Union (IRTVU), including presstv.com, pursuant to seizure warrants issued by the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. The action targeted websites controlled by the (IRIB), IRTVU's parent entity, which U.S. authorities described as conducting campaigns and malign influence operations aimed at the and its allies. These domains, registered through U.S.-based registrars, were operated without required licenses from the Department of the Treasury's (OFAC), violating U.S. sanctions prohibiting unlicensed transactions with sanctioned entities. The presstv.ir domain, hosted outside U.S. jurisdiction, remained unaffected. Press TV itself is designated by OFAC as a Specially Designated National (SDN) under the Iran sanctions program, linked directly to IRIB and subject to secondary sanctions for activities including the production and airing of forced confessions from detainees. The designation falls under 13846, which reimposed nuclear-related sanctions on , blocking U.S. persons from engaging in transactions with Press TV and requiring the freezing of any assets under U.S. jurisdiction. IRIB, designated as an SDN in 2013 for human rights abuses such as suppressing freedom of expression, extends its sanctioned status to subsidiaries like Press TV, which operates from addresses in and previously maintained a UK-registered entity (Press TV Limited, business number 10957861, expired November 30, 2021). These measures aim to disrupt Iranian state media's use of U.S.-based infrastructure for global dissemination of content deemed by U.S. officials to include and false narratives. The seizures prompted criticism from Iranian officials, who characterized them as an assault on press freedom and foreign media operations, but U.S. authorities maintained the actions were lawful against sanctions evasion rather than of . Following the domain takedowns, Press TV redirected users to alternative platforms, but the incident highlighted ongoing U.S. efforts to limit the international reach of IRIB-affiliated outlets through financial and technical restrictions. No subsequent domain seizures specific to Press TV have been publicly announced as of October 2025, though broader Iran-related sanctions continue to encompass IRIB entities.

Social Media Platform Restrictions

Major social media platforms have imposed restrictions on Press TV's accounts, citing repeated violations of community guidelines on , , and , often linked to content promoting antisemitic narratives or Iranian state . These actions align with broader efforts by platforms to comply with U.S. sanctions against Iranian entities and to curb foreign influence operations. YouTube terminated Press TV's channels multiple times, including in April 2019 when Google blocked access to its YouTube and Gmail accounts without warning due to anti-Israel propaganda. Further deletions occurred in January 2020 for the UK-specific channel amid heightened U.S.-Iran tensions, and in March 2021 for violations of community guidelines. By April 2021, YouTube had removed Press TV accounts at least seven times, consistently referencing policy breaches on prohibited content. Facebook deleted Press TV's main page in January 2021 without prior explanation, following a brief disablement that affected nearly four million followers. A subsequent permanent shutdown occurred in March 2021, again framed by the platform as enforcement against guideline violations. Despite these measures, reports from 2023 indicated Press TV retained an official page with over 3.7 million followers, suggesting either restorations or new accounts amid ongoing scrutiny. Instagram locked Press TV's official account in October 2021, restricting access without specified reasons beyond general policy enforcement. Similar blocks affected related Iranian media, including Al-Alam in March 2024 over Gaza coverage. On X (formerly ), Press TV faced de-verification in February 2024, with the removal of blue and gold checkmarks from its account and those of other Iranian outlets, potentially tied to sanctions compliance rules prohibiting premium features for restricted entities. The platform has resisted full despite advocacy from groups citing Press TV's role in amplifying anti-Jewish hatred via initiatives like "Palestine Declassified." In response to these mainstream restrictions, Press TV has shifted to alternative channels such as Telegram and Rumble to maintain distribution and evade .

Defenses and Counterarguments

Views as Counter to Western Media Dominance

Press TV was launched on July 8, 2007, by Iran's state broadcaster IRIB as a 24-hour English-language news channel aimed at competing with Western services like BBC World and CNN International, with an explicit mission to challenge their perceived monopoly on global narratives, particularly those concerning the Middle East. The network's founders positioned it as a means to "break the global media stranglehold" dominated by Anglo-American outlets, offering coverage that highlights perspectives underrepresented in Western reporting, such as critiques of U.S. foreign policy and Israeli actions in Palestine. Supporters, including the channel's own editorial stance, argue that Press TV serves as a to Western media's alleged propagandistic tendencies, providing an "alternative voice" that debunks fallacies and amplifies non-Western viewpoints on international affairs. For instance, it has emphasized exposing biases in coverage of Iran-related events, positioning itself as a platform for "the voiceless" against hegemonic discourses that portray the East and negatively. Academic analyses frame Press TV's broadcasting strategy as counter-hegemonic, utilizing "reverse representation" to invert Western media's framing of and Eastern entities as inferior or threatening "others." This approach involves qualitative contrasts between hegemonic (Western) and counter-hegemonic (Press TV) news formats, where the latter reframes conflicts like those in to emphasize resistance against perceived imperial dominance. Scholars note that, alongside channels like Russia's RT, Press TV contributes to broader efforts by non-Western to contest Anglo-American informational , though empirical tests of its global impact remain limited. These perspectives are primarily articulated by the network itself and aligned analysts, contrasting with criticisms from Western institutions that label such efforts as state-sponsored distortion rather than genuine pluralism. Nonetheless, Press TV's endurance amid sanctions and restrictions is cited by proponents as evidence of its role in fostering multipolar media landscapes, enabling audiences in regions like and to access narratives independent of U.S.-centric viewpoints.

Support from Non-Aligned Perspectives

Press TV has garnered endorsement from media entities and forums representing non-aligned and Global South perspectives, positioning it as a contributor to counter-hegemonic narratives against dominance. In May 2023, over 100 media professionals and researchers from countries including , , , , , and convened at the "Communication as Solidarity" conference in , organized by . Participants, including representatives from Press TV, Venezuela's , Russia's RT, and China's CGTN, emphasized unity among Global South outlets to challenge Western control over global information systems and develop independent infrastructure such as satellites and servers. Conference speakers, such as Tricontinental Institute scholar , highlighted Western powers' "almost absolute control" over information flows, advocating for collaborative efforts by non-Western media to amplify marginalized voices. director Patricia Villegas stressed the necessity for Global South media to "fight to build our own highways" for communication. These discussions framed outlets like Press TV, which has faced repeated Western sanctions and platform restrictions, as part of a broader resistance to perceived aimed at suppressing alternative viewpoints on issues like and conflicts in the . In regions such as and , Press TV's broadcasts align with local sentiments favoring multipolar worldviews, particularly in nations with historical ties. For instance, Iran's deepening relations with , including joint membership since January 2024, foster environments where Iranian media receives positive reception for critiquing U.S. and Israeli policies.

Claims of Censorship by Adversaries

Press TV has asserted that regulatory measures imposed by Western s, including license revocations and domain seizures, represent deliberate to silence perspectives challenging dominant narratives. Following the UK's Ofcom revocation of its broadcasting license on January 20, , Press TV condemned the action as "a blatant example of " in violation of freedom of expression principles, attributing it to the channel's critical coverage of British events such as the 2011 riots and the royal family. The network argued that Ofcom ignored correspondence from its executives, framing the decision as politically motivated rather than regulatory. In response to the US Department of Justice's seizure of the Press TV website on June 22, 2021, alongside 32 other domains linked to Iran and its allies, Press TV labeled the move an "outrageous attack on the foreign press" and evidence of broader American censorship efforts targeting outlets that critique US policies. The channel claimed the seizures, justified by US authorities as sanctions violations, exemplified hypocrisy in Western commitments to free speech, affecting not only Press TV but also media from Yemen and Palestine that diverged from approved viewpoints. Supporters, including academics, have echoed this by describing such sanctions as unsuccessful bids to suppress challenges to Western ideological hegemony. Press TV has further alleged censorship via restrictions, pointing to X's removal of verification badges from its accounts on February 15, 2024, as influenced by pro-Israel rather than platform policies. The network has accused platforms like and of yielding to external pressures from advocacy groups to deplatform Iranian media, circumventing bans by shifting to alternatives like Telegram and Rumble while decrying the actions as part of a pattern of control. These claims portray adversaries' interventions as that permits aligned outlets to operate freely while targeting those promoting non-Western viewpoints.

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  97. https://slate.com/technology/2021/06/presstv-iranian-websites-justice-department-seizure.html
  98. https://www.dw.com/en/iran-facebook-deletes-press-tv-page/a-56204883
  99. https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2021/10/15/668562/Instagram-locks-Iran-Press-TV-page-in-attack-on-freedom-of-speech
  100. https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2024/03/05/721329/US-social-media-platforms-YouTube-Instagram-X-block-Iran-Al-Alam-account-page-support-Gaza
  101. https://www.techtransparencyproject.org/articles/x-provides-premium-perks-to-hezbollah-other-us-sanctioned-groups
  102. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/iran-to-launch-english-language-tv-channel/
  103. https://www.southcoasttoday.com/story/news/nation-world/2007/06/27/iran-to-launch-english-speaking/52861326007/
  104. https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2022/07/05/685095/Press-TV-at-15--Debunking-Western-fallacies%2C-giving-voice-to-the-voiceless-
  105. https://nms.atu.ac.ir/article_10738.html?lang=en
  106. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334597639_STUDY_OF_COUNTER_HEGEMONY_IN_PRESS_TV_NE_1
  107. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/18157/3832
  108. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/research/files/Counter-Hegemonic%252520News%252520A%252520case%252520study%252520of%252520Al-Jazeera%252520English%252520and%252520Telesur.pdf
  109. https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2025/10/20/757253/austrian-media-west-deepening-structural-hostility-toward-press-tv
  110. https://payperdoll.com/blog/press-tv-latest-news-from
  111. https://peoplesdispatch.org/2023/05/08/media-organizations-from-across-the-world-discuss-solidarity-and-standing-up-to-sanctions/
  112. https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2023/08/11/708738/Iran-South-Africa-alliance-BRICS-summit-partnership
  113. https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2022/12/25/695106/Ban-on-Press-TV-failed-attempt-to-stop-it-from-challenging-Western-notions-Academic
  114. https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2021/07/02/661341/website-seizure-press-freedom-
  115. https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2021/06/23/660736/Press-TV-Website-US-Government-
  116. https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2021/06/27/661021/US-censorship-should-concern-all-those-who-value-free-speech
  117. https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2024/02/15/720112/X-removes-verified-badge-Iran-Press-TV-Israeli-lobby-
  118. https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2023/04/27/702324/UK-Press-TV-ADL
  119. https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2023/08/07/708491/Watchdog-Lapdog-West-Blatant-Hypocrisy-Media-Freedom-Censorship
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