Hubbry Logo
Speed flying and speed ridingSpeed flying and speed ridingMain
Open search
Speed flying and speed riding
Community hub
Speed flying and speed riding
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Speed flying and speed riding
Speed flying and speed riding
Speed flying and speed riding
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

Speed flying and speed riding are recreational and competitive adventure sports of flying lightweight, free-flying, foot-launched glider aircraft with no rigid primary structure. They are similar sports to paragliding, but have smaller wings, higher flying speeds, and flightpaths descending close to a mountain slope. Speed flying and speed riding are very similar, but differ in that speed-flying is launched on foot while speed-riding is a winter sport done on skis.[1][2]

Comparison to paragliding and parachuting

[edit]

Speed flying/riding is a hybrid sport that combines elements of paragliding, parachuting and freeriding to create a new sport. Like paragliding, speed flying is done by launching from a slope with the wing overhead, already inflated by the incoming air. The main difference between speed flying and paragliding, is that speed flying is meant to create a fast, thrilling ride close to the slope, while the point of paragliding is usually to maintain a longer, gentler flight, never touching the ground before landing. The fast landing technique for speed wings, when flying without skis, is similar to that used in parachuting. However, parachuting or skydiving is done from a plane or fixed object (BASE jumping), and the wing is designed to arrest the free fall. Newer designs of hybrid-wings (also called mini-wings) are now being produced to allow a high speed "hike and fly" from mountainous areas. They can be soared in strong laminar winds and thermalled similar to paragliders, and may also be trimmed for a more traditional speed flying descent.

History

[edit]

In the late 1970s, French mountaineers began launching parachutes from steep mountains on foot (ground launching)[3] and with skis. Modifications to these parachutes evolved into larger, easier to launch wings now called paragliders, and parachute ground launching remained largely forgotten. However, advances in material and parachute swooping events inspired a new generation of pilots in France and America about 20 years later. Foot-launched parachute slalom course competitions known as blade running (or runner) competitions started in the Western United States in 1996 and continue with the Blade Raid since 2005. An American team of stunt parachutists expanded the sport, making stunt videos skimming mountain slopes in the Alps from 2001 to 2002. One team member opened the first "Ground Launching School" for foot-launched parachutes in 2004 in California, US.[4]

On 7 February 2001 in Valfréjus[5] (French Alps), as skydivers and paragliders Frédéric Fugen, Frank Coupat and Vince Reffet were stuck with conditions too windy for paragliding, Fugen floated the idea of flying his parachute, flung upward while skiing a steep freeride face.[6] This succeeded and became the hobby of a small group of 5 pilots[6] (Frédéric Fugen, Frank Coupat, David Eyraud, François Bon, Antoine Montant), who coined the term speed-riding ('riding' from freeride skiing, and 'speed' for the velocity that gives non-rigid wings their aerodynamic properties,[7] thus an important element of reliability and adding to freeriding the possibility to just fly fast and safe over dangerous alpine portions such as rocks, glacier seracss and crevasses, or avalanche-prone terrain). Alternating between skiing and flying phases is considered the essence of speed riding.[8] The term speed-flying was later coined for the continuation of the practice in summer, without skis, with a slightly lower wing loading (no skiing gear + often larger wings).

Speed riding video

In 2005, a group of French pilots began experimenting with modified parachute and parafoil kite designs.[9] One of them, Francois Bon, a paraglider test pilot, unsatisfied with foot-launched parachute performance, helped perfect the first speed wing design,[10] the Gin Nano.[11] This evolved into other commercial wings (between 9 and 14 square metres) designed for speed, portability, and a glide ratio much lower than a paraglider but higher than a parachute. Today speed gliders are produced by over 30 manufacturers worldwide. France hosted the first yearly speed flying competition, "Speed Flying Pro Les Arcs", in January 2007, which continued to be dominated by pioneer speed flyer Antoine Montant until his death in 2011.[12]

On 2 February 2006, the French Free Flight Association (FFVL) officially recognized speed riding as an independent sport under its umbrella.[13] On 9 February 2007, in the aftermath of renowned guide Sébastien Gay's fatal speedflying accident near Verbier,[14][15] the Swiss Federal Office of Civil Aviation likened skiing with a speedflyer to paragliding from a training and insurance perspective, and entrusted the Swiss Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association (SHV/FSVL) with the mission, for satefy purposes.[16][17]

The sport has grown rapidly since its inception, particularly in France and Switzerland, with an estimated 3,000 to 5,000 speed wing pilots all over the world.[18][19] Speed wing pilots have already garnered media attention with rapid descents from summits such as Aconcagua in the Andes[20] and various peaks in the Alps.[21] There are established flying sites all over the globe, including dedicated ski runs at several resorts in France, and over 100 instructors in around 20 different countries.[22] The new air sport has many written forms (such as speedflying, speed-flying, speed flying, speed riding, speedriding, speed-riding, skigliding, ski-gliding, ski gliding, ski flying, ski-flying and ground launching).

The wing

[edit]
Speed wing

The wing itself is known as a speed glider, speed wing, or speed flyer. It has similar materials to paraglider canopies and to parachute lines (with a ripstop nylon fabric wing, treated with a polyurethane or silicon coating, Kevlar or Dyneema lines protected by an outer sheath, and Mylar reinforcement on the cell openings at the leading edge). However, the speed wing is only about one third to one half the size of an average paraglider (see the table below).[1] The wing's small size and unique design give it a much smaller glide ratio making it more suitable to fly close to the slope.[23] The smaller size also allows the wing to be flown in windier environments, and minimizes weight for hiking.[24] The speed glider flies at speeds of 20 to 95 mph versus a paraglider's 12 to 50 mph.[9]

It also shares characteristics with a ram-air parachute. It differs, however, because it is much lighter, more maneuverable, doesn't have a pilot chute or slider, and is not suitable for arresting free falls. The pilot can use a standing harness similar to those worn with a parachute, a strap-like sitting harness, or a protectively padded, seated harness (identical to those used with a paraglider). The speed flyer has adjustable trims on the rear riser, and sometimes the front riser.[25] These allow the pilot to adjust the line lengths and pick the wing angle of attack best suited for the hill steepness and wind conditions.

Speed flying and speed riding require different wing characteristics because of the different glide angles and launch techniques. Speed riding pilots are able to achieve greater speeds on launch with the use of skis, and so the use of a smaller wing (typically between 7 and 10 square metres) is common, and wings tailored to this aspect of the sport typically have a steeper glide angle and long recovery arc to allow skiing on steep slopes with the wing overhead. Speed flying pilots must launch on foot, so wing sizes are typically slightly larger, although many expert speedflying pilots do routinely foot launch wings of 8 square metres or less.

Comparison of speed wings, paragliders, and parachutes
Speed wings Paragliders Parachutes
Area 4.7–18 m2 (50–195 ft2) 20–35 m2 (215–375 ft2) 5.4–25 m2 (58–270 ft2)
Max. glide ratio 3:1–7:1 8:1–11:1 3:1
Speed range 30–150 km/h (20–95 mph) 20–70 km/h (12–45 mph) 25–145 km/h (15–90 mph)
Typical cruising speed ≈ 70 km/h (40 mph) ≈ 40 km/h (25 mph)
Aspect ratio range 2.5:1–4:1 4:1–6:1 2:1–3:1
Number of risers 2–3 2–4 2
New price range ($US) $1200–$2500 $2000–$4000 $2000–$4000
Weight 2–4 kg (4–9 lb) 4–13 kg (9–30 lb) 1.4–7 kg (3–15 lb)
Number of cells 15–30 30–80 7–9 (14 duo chamber / 27 on triple chamber)

Safety

[edit]

Because of the high flight speed (30–152.9 km/h or 20–95 mph),[26] and close proximity to the slope and obstacles, injury and death are considerable risks in this sport. As of March 2024, 93 pilots had suffered fatal injuries worldwide since 2006.[27][28][29]

Worldwide speed wing deaths per year[29]
Incident 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Average
Deaths 2 0 2 10 6 5 7 4 7 8 5 4 3 4 7 5 9 3 2 4.89

Also, because of its small size and high wing loading, the wing responds quickly to little pilot input, a double-edged sword (almost no latency to react to unexpected dangers, but more possible consequences to untimely, brutal or unnecessary hand movement) which makes professional instruction very important. However, the high velocities help the glider remain pressurised and resistant to collapse even in turbulent conditions.[30][7]

Proper equipment such as helmets, back protectors, gloves and padded harnesses can help reduce injuries, as well as reserve parachutes for high-altitude flights (preferably with a cut-away system to avoid entanglement with the main wing, as both use suspension lines of similar length). Advanced wing and off-piste ski training, as well as thorough knowledge of site conditions and hazards, are imperative to practicing this sport safely.

France

[edit]

The French National Free Flight Association (FFVL) has maintained accident and fatality statistics since at least 2012,[31] that suggest a long-term trend of speed riders suffering approximately as many fatalities (< 0.1% of active riders) and overall (≈ 0.5%) four times fewer accidents than paragliders (respectively < 0.1% and ≈ 2%) in a given year.

Eleven-year comparison of speedriding vs. paragliding accident prevalence in France (2012-2022)[31]
Number of 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Active speedriders 2550 2995 3031 2863 2766 2874 2637 2596 2885 2177 2329
Active paragliders 24679 24687 24105 25659 24107 23274 22162 22614 23207 26328 27736
Speedriding accidents 39 20 20 18 14 11 10 16 6 3 15
Paragliding accidents 470 397 472 514 436 477 505 513 498 494 639
Speedriding fatalities 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Paragliding fatalities 11 7 10 15 11 19 9 16 9 11 9
Speedriding accidents (% of active riders) 1.53 % 0.67 % 0.66 % 0.63 % 0.51 % 0.38 % 0.38 % 0.62 % 0.21 % 0.14 % 0.64 %
Paragliding accidents (% of active paragliders) 1.90 % 1.61 % 1.96 % 2.00 % 1.81 % 2.05 % 2.28 % 2.27 % 2.15 % 1.88 % 2.30 %
Speedriding fatalities (% of active riders) 0.08 % 0.03 % 0.03 % 0.03 % 0 % 0.03 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 %
Paragliding fatalities (% of active paragliders) 0.04 % 0.03 % 0.04 % 0.06 % 0.05 % 0.08 % 0.04 % 0.07 % 0.04 % 0.04 % 0.03 %

Switzerland

[edit]

Out of 158 registered fatalities in foot-launched flying sports (including paragliding, hang-gliding, speedflying, and others) between 2000 and 2018, 42 took place in the canton of Berne, out of which 7 speedflyers (5 Swiss nationals and 2 foreigners), all of them in the Lauterbrunnen valley.[32]

The Swiss Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association (SHV/FSVL) had 16798 registered members in 2018 (all disciplines combined).[32] Overall, as of January 2024, out of about 40,200 Swiss paragliding licenses ever issued, about 1200 had the speedflying extension, and a total of 20 fatal speedflying accidents had occurred on Swiss soil.[29]

For comparison, other long-term statistics available in Switzerland include:

  • Skydiving (2000–2020): 20 fatalities;[33]
  • Paragliding (2000–2020): 155 fatalities,[33] deemed the most accident-prone summer sport by national insurer SUVA;[34]
  • Hang-gliding (2000–2020): 16 fatalities;[33]
  • BASE jumping (1994–2019): 91 fatalities, 51 of which in the Lauterbrunnen valley,[35] for an estimated worldwide population of 2800 BASE jumpers in 2017.[36]

United States

[edit]

The US Hang-Gliding and Paragliding Association (USHPA) has recorded a total of 9 speedflying fatalities over the ten-year period 2013–2022, as well as 51 and 32 fatalities for paragliding and hang-gliding, respectively, over the same period.[37]

USHPA fatality reports (2013–2022)[37]
Activity 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total
Speed wing 0 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 2 1 9
Paragliding 6 7 10 2 4 0 9 3 5 5 51
Hang-gliding 2 1 9 8 1 2 4 1 1 3 32

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Speed flying and speed riding

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Speed flying and speed riding are extreme aerial sports that involve foot-launched or ski-assisted descents using compact, high-performance ram-air wings derived from technology, enabling pilots to achieve high speeds while navigating close to steep mountain . Speed flying specifically refers to foot-launched flights with wings typically sized 12-18 square meters, emphasizing rapid hill descents and dynamic maneuvers at speeds up to 100 km/h or more, while speed riding integrates proficiency, using even smaller wings under 12 square meters to alternate between ground contact and short flights during downhill runs. These activities demand advanced skills in , awareness, and assessment, often performed in calm conditions like early morning or evening to minimize . The sports originated in the early 2000s in the , evolving from experiments by pilots seeking faster, more adrenaline-fueled descents near the ground. French paraglider François Bon pioneered the first commercial speed wing, the Gin Nano, in 2005, which facilitated the sport's growth by allowing tighter turns and higher wing loadings compared to traditional paragliders. By 2005, specialized had formalized speed flying as a distinct discipline, with speed riding emerging as its ski-based variant, quickly gaining traction in European ski resorts accessible via chairlifts. Early adopters, including skydivers and big-mountain skiers, popularized the sports through online videos, leading to competitive events and record-setting feats, such as Bon's 2008 speed ride from Aconcagua's summit in under five minutes. Equipment for both sports centers on lightweight, maneuverable speed wings with surface areas of 7-18 square meters, featuring short lines, large cells, and adjustable trimmers for controlling speed and glide ratios up to 3:1. Pilots use minimal harnesses without bulky or reserve parachutes, given the low-altitude, short-duration flights, but helmets are essential for mitigating impact risks during proximity flying. For speed riding, compatible skis or snowboards are required, blending techniques with wing deployment for hybrid descents. Many wings lack formal certification like EN standards, underscoring the need for pilots to select gear from reputable manufacturers. Safety remains a paramount concern due to the high-risk nature of flying at low altitudes and high speeds near unforgiving terrain, with early years seeing numerous accidents from inadequate training. Experts recommend prior certification—typically requiring 20-40 hours of instruction—to grasp , , and emergency procedures before progressing to speed disciplines. Organizations like the British Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association (BHPA) and Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association (USHPA) advocate structured club pilot programs, limiting initial flights to winds under 20 mph and emphasizing site-specific knowledge to prevent collisions or uncontrolled impacts. Despite these guidelines, ' accessibility via ski lifts has broadened participation, though untrained attempts continue to pose severe injury risks.

Introduction

Definition and core principles

Speed flying is a foot-launched adventure sport that employs compact ram-air inflated wings, derived from technology, to execute high-speed descents closely following mountainsides on snow-free terrain during summer conditions. These wings, typically sized between 12 and 18 , inflate through ram-air generated by the pilot's forward motion, forming an shape that provides lift via dynamic air differences across the wing surface. The core principle revolves around gravity-assisted launches from hillsides, where pilots run or drop down slopes to build speed, enabling the wing to overhead inflate without mechanical aid and sustain flight primarily through momentum and terrain contouring rather than significant altitude gain. Fundamental to speed flying is maintaining proximity to the ground, often below (30 meters), to emphasize speed and interaction while minimizing vertical displacement—flights rarely exceed a few hundred feet in height and focus on forward glide paths with ratios typically ranging from 3:1 to 7:1, adjustable via trimmers that alter the wing's for varying lift-to-drag efficiency. Speeds can reach 20–95 mph (32–153 km/h), driven by the wing's low design that prioritizes velocity over endurance, with playing a crucial role in sustaining lift absent thermal updrafts through dynamic soaring along ridges or slopes. Unlike , which emphasizes higher-altitude cross-country travel at slower paces, speed flying prioritizes adrenaline-fueled, low-level proximity maneuvers. Speed riding serves as the winter counterpart to speed flying, integrating smaller compact ram-air wings (typically under 12 m²) with to navigate snow-covered descents, blending aerial flight with ground-based for seamless transitions between and sliding along slopes. Participants require proficiency in advanced , such as black-run navigation, to manage the hybrid dynamics where the wing deploys for short bursts of flight—often just meters above the —while handle terrain contact during lower-speed phases, upholding the same principles of gravity-driven launches and wind-assisted lift without reliance on thermals. This fusion enables descents at comparable speeds to speed flying, with glide ratios similarly tuned for efficiency in close-quarters maneuvering over winter landscapes.

Distinctions between speed flying and speed riding

Speed flying and speed riding share the common foundation of using compact speed wings for low-altitude descents, but they diverge significantly in their operational contexts and requirements. One primary distinction lies in their seasonal and terrain preferences. Speed flying typically occurs on dry, snow-free slopes during summer or autumn, allowing participants to access varied mountainous terrains without reliance on winter conditions. In contrast, speed riding is predominantly a winter activity conducted on snow-covered slopes, where the frozen surface facilitates the integration of elements and requires compatibility with icy or powdery environments. Gear integration further highlights their differences, particularly in launch and ground-handling methods. Speed flying employs foot launches, with participants wearing hiking boots or running shoes to enable running starts and maintain agility on uneven, dry terrain during . Speed riding, however, mandates the use of or snowboards for both launching and sustained ground contact, as these provide the necessary glide and control over snow while the wing is deployed. The skills emphasized in each sport reflect these environmental adaptations. Speed flying places greater priority on aerial control, precise wing handling, and efficient running launches to achieve sustained flight close to the . Speed riding demands a balanced proficiency in wing management alongside advanced techniques, such as turns and maintaining speed on variable , to seamlessly transition between flight and ground phases. Participant profiles also tend to differ based on these demands. Speed flying often appeals to hikers and mountaineers who enjoy accessing remote, non-snowy ridges via foot travel and seek thrilling aerial extensions to their ascents. Speed riding, by comparison, attracts skiers looking to enhance their descents with brief aerial boosts, leveraging existing winter resort infrastructure and snow-based mobility.

Similarities and differences with

Speed flying and speed riding share core similarities with , as all three sports employ ram-air wings that fill with air to create a curved for lift generation during unpowered flight. These wings are foot-launched from slopes or terrain, relying on passive aerodynamic principles and pilot body weight shifts for control, without the use of motors or engines. This common foundation allows practitioners to harness forward motion and relative wind for sustained . Despite these overlaps, notable differences arise in equipment design and flight characteristics. Speed wings are considerably smaller, with areas typically ranging from 6 to 18 , in contrast to paragliders' larger canopies of 20 to 31 , which results in higher , reduced glide ratios (often 3:1 to 6:1 compared to 's 8:1 to 10:1), and faster overall speeds. This enables speed flying and riding to achieve velocities of 20 to 60 mph in terrain-hugging descents, whereas operates at slower paces of 12 to 28 mph, prioritizing efficiency for longer durations aloft. The primary purposes further diverge: speed flying and riding emphasize adrenaline-driven, low-altitude runs close to slopes for dynamic maneuvering and rapid descents, often integrating with in the case of speed riding, while focuses on recreational soaring, thermal circling, and cross-country travel to cover greater distances. In terms of accessibility, speed activities demand steeper launch terrain and demand quicker pilot reflexes due to proximity to the ground and higher speeds, unlike paragliding's compatibility with flatter sites and more forgiving flight envelopes.

Contrasts with parachuting and other aerial activities

Speed wings in speed flying and speed riding are ram-air inflated structures designed primarily for generating lift and enabling controlled forward flight, allowing pilots to achieve significant glide ratios and maneuverability during slope descents. In contrast, parachutes function mainly as drag devices to decelerate free-falling objects from high altitudes, offering limited forward speed, glide capability, and directional control suited only for terminal descent rather than sustained or dynamic flight. This fundamental distinction in design intent means speed wings support proximity flying close to terrain features, while parachutes prioritize stable, passive slowing without the emphasis on speed or terrain interaction. Unlike , which employs a rigid triangular frame to support a larger for efficient soaring, high-altitude flights, and distances often exceeding tens of kilometers, speed flying and riding use compact, flexible wings launched solely by foot without any structural frame. Hang gliders typically achieve greater altitudes and longer cross-country travels by capitalizing on and , whereas speed activities focus on rapid, low-level descents hugging slopes for a more intimate and adrenaline-driven experience. Speed flying and speed riding also diverge from kite surfing, where participants harness a large connected by lines to generate across water or flat surfaces, often reaching planing speeds through -dependent traction. In speed activities, there is no reliance on such kites or external ; instead, launches occur from elevated using the pilot's , , and the wing's for self-sustained descent. While sharing elements of canopy manipulation for aerial control with parachuting, , and kite surfing, speed flying and speed riding stand out by blending low-altitude and dynamic maneuvers with integration into ground-based pursuits like or , creating a hybrid of and terrestrial sports. serves as a closer analog within the spectrum, but speed variants prioritize brevity and velocity over extended soaring.

Historical development

Origins and early innovations (1970s–1990s)

In the late , French mountaineers in the began experimenting with modified parachutes to facilitate rapid descents from steep slopes, marking the initial fusion of parachuting techniques with mountaineering practices. These early efforts involved ground-launching parachutes on foot or skis to achieve controlled glides over terrain, inspired by the need for efficient ways to return from high-altitude climbs without lengthy hikes. Pioneers such as those in the Choucas Club near Mieussy, including Jean-Claude Bétemps, Gérard Bosson, and André Bohn, conducted foot-launched take-offs in 1978, focusing on precision landings that foreshadowed the maneuverability central to speed flying. Concurrently, in , Dieter Strasilla developed para-skiing during the , adapting NASA-derived flexible wings for ski slope launches, which served as a direct precursor to speed riding by integrating propulsion from skis with aerial control. During the 1980s, these experiments evolved with the introduction of smaller, more responsive canopies derived from advancing designs, enabling faster and more dynamic flights close to the terrain. The term "paralpinism" emerged around 1982, exemplified by Roger Fillon's descent of the Aiguille Verte and Jean-Marc Boivin's innovative high-mountain applications, including his 1988 paraglider descent from the summit of using a modified . These innovations shifted emphasis from mere descent to prolonged, steerable flight, with Trinquier achieving a 5-hour-20-minute duration record on July 12, 1985, by refining canopy shapes for better lift and speed. In the region, informal prototypes combining skis with compact parafoils gained traction among local adventurers, building on the parallel rise of as a recreational descent tool in the since the late 1970s. Equipment limitations, such as unstable launches and limited glide ratios, confined these activities to small groups of skilled mountaineers and parachutists. By the 1990s, dedicated speed wings began to take shape through the work of European pioneers, though adoption remained niche due to rudimentary gear and safety concerns. Figures like those in Chamonix's emerging aerial communities conducted the first organized slope descents, refining hybrid setups for both foot and ski launches to navigate narrow couloirs and ridges. This era saw incremental improvements in canopy responsiveness, influenced by paragliding's maturation, but without widespread commercialization, participation was limited to informal networks in the who shared prototypes and techniques through word-of-mouth.

Modern evolution and popularization (2000s–present)

The of speed flying and speed riding, beginning in the , marked a transition from experimental pursuits to a structured and rapidly expanding discipline. French paraglider François Bon pioneered the first commercial speed wing, the Gin Nano, with development starting around 2003 and its launch by Gin Gliders in 2005, recognized as the first wing specifically designed for speedriding, which played a key role in standardizing equipment and drawing in early adopters across . This innovation was followed in 2006 by the French Free Flight Association (FFVL), which formally acknowledged speed riding as a distinct activity within free flight sports during its committee meeting on February 2, thereby providing regulatory support and legitimacy that encouraged broader participation. The decade's rise in visibility was further fueled by captivating video footage and events in the , particularly around , where pilots demonstrated high-speed descents that captivated audiences and inspired a wave of interest in the sport's adrenaline-fueled blend of and . Bon's feats, such as his 2008 speed ride from Aconcagua's summit in under five minutes, further popularized the sports. Entering the , the sport experienced significant international expansion beyond its European roots, with growing communities emerging in —such as through dedicated training schools in the —and in Asia, where mountainous regions like the began hosting introductory sessions. platforms amplified this growth by democratizing access, as instructional videos, highlight reels, and on sites like lowered entry barriers and connected aspiring pilots globally, transforming the niche activity into a more approachable adventure. By the mid-decade, the worldwide pilot base had swelled to several thousand, reflecting the sport's appeal to thrill-seekers transitioning from or . The 2020s have brought continued evolution amid shifting dynamics, including a marked increase in women's involvement post-2020, highlighted by organized groups in that hold weekly sessions and annual events to foster skill-building and camaraderie among female pilots. Technological refinements, such as the 2025 introduction of the Swing Brave 5 harness with its modular ZIPON system for seamless transitions between hike-and-fly and speedriding modes, have enhanced adaptability for diverse terrains. has influenced practices, with diminishing snow seasons in the —shortened by approximately 10 days on average since 2000—prompting pilots to adapt by emphasizing foot-launched speed flying in warmer months or seeking higher-altitude venues to maintain viable riding opportunities. These factors, combined with viral and content showcasing breathtaking flights, have integrated speed flying into adventure tourism offerings, particularly in where guided experiences attract international visitors seeking immersive alpine thrills.

Equipment and technology

Design and specifications of the speed wing

The speed wing, also known as a mini-wing or speedriding wing, is a lightweight ram-air inflated designed specifically for speed flying and speed riding, featuring a compact structure that enables low-altitude, high-speed maneuvers close to the terrain. Constructed primarily from or fabrics, such as silicon-coated Dominico 30DMF (41 g/m²), the wing's upper and lower surfaces form a tensioned supported by internal cells and minimal suspension lines, ensuring rapid inflation and responsive handling without the need for a full harness in many cases. These materials provide durability against abrasion during ground handling and low-altitude flights, while the overall design incorporates 19 to 25 cells for aerodynamic efficiency, with semi-rigid reinforcements in some models to enhance collapse resistance during turbulent conditions. Typical speed wings range in flat area from 7 to 18 , with common sizes spanning 8 to 14 to accommodate varying pilot weights and levels; for instance, the Rapido offers 8.82 (size 9) up to 12.83 (size 13), while the Gin Nano 4 provides options from 9 to 13.5 . s generally fall between 3.5 and 4 for optimal agility and maneuverability, such as the 3.95 flat of the Rapido or the 3.70 of the Nano 4, prioritizing quick turns over long-distance efficiency. The wing's weight is kept low at 2 to 4 kg for portability—e.g., 2.3 kg for the Rapido size 9 and 2.85 kg for the Nano 4 size 13.5—facilitating foot or launches in mountainous . Speed wings typically feature short suspension lines (around 4-6 meters) and adjustable trimmers that allow pilots to control speed and . Performance characteristics include glide ratios of approximately 4:1 to 6:1 and speeds ranging from 20 mph minimum to over 60 mph maximum depending on trim settings, wing size, and pilot weight, with trimmed speeds around 40 mph for stability. Smaller wings, such as 8 models, are recommended for expert pilots seeking higher speeds and responsiveness, while larger 14 options provide gentler handling and better lift for beginners. Some speed wings receive partial certifications like EN 926-1 load testing up to 8G for structural integrity, though many lack full flight certification due to their dynamic, low-altitude use; pilots should select gear from reputable manufacturers. Evolving from paragliders in the 1990s, speed wings feature reduced line counts and lower porosity fabrics compared to standard paragliding canopies, allowing for faster response times and higher speeds, though they omit advanced reflex profiles to maintain agility for low-level flying.

Supporting gear and recent advancements

Supporting gear in speed flying and speed riding includes lightweight harnesses designed for comfort, mobility, and quick transitions between activities. These harnesses often feature reversible designs that double as backpacks, with pod or seatboard styles providing support without excessive bulk. Typical weights range from 1 to 2 kg for the base unit, allowing pilots to carry less weight during hikes to launch sites. For instance, the Swing Brave 5 harness, introduced in 2025, weighs 1.68 kg in its base configuration and offers modular adjustments for multi-sport use, including speed flying and riding modes via its ZIPON system that converts to a 45-liter backpack with ski attachments. In speed riding, pilots require skis compatible with the dynamic demands of powered descents, such as shorter alpine or models that facilitate quick turns and landings while supporting the wing's harness attachments. Helmets are mandatory for head against impacts from high-speed interactions, and impact suits provide essential for the , limbs, and back to mitigate crash injuries during low-altitude maneuvers. Recent advancements from 2023 to 2025 have focused on enhancing durability, safety, and sustainability in supporting gear. Advanced Dyneema lines, prized for their UV resistance, low stretch, and ability to withstand wet or abrasive conditions without significant degradation, have become standard in speed wing setups, extending equipment reliability in harsh alpine environments. GPS-integrated trackers, such as personal locator beacons, are increasingly incorporated for real-time location sharing and automated rescue activation, crucial for remote speed flying incidents where cell coverage is absent. Additionally, manufacturers have adopted eco-friendly fabrics like recycled polyesters and bio-based coatings in harnesses and lines, reducing the of production while maintaining standards. Proper is vital to ensure gear , with protocols emphasizing regular inspections for tears, UV degradation, and line integrity. Harnesses and lines should undergo visual checks before each flight, with professional full inspections recommended every 12 to 24 months or after 150 flight hours, whichever occurs first. The typical lifespan for speed wing supporting components, under moderate use, extends to 200–300 flights, after which replacement is advised to prevent failure.

Techniques and practice

Launch, flight, and landing in speed flying

Speed flying launches are performed using a foot-based running start on dry slopes with an incline of 10–30 degrees, where the pilot generates forward momentum to inflate the wing through gravity-assisted acceleration. The wing is laid out in a slight horseshoe shape prior to takeoff, with the center cell elevated higher than the tips to promote symmetrical inflation and prevent twisting during the initial surge. In windier conditions exceeding light headwinds of 4–5 m/s (approximately 9–11 mph), pilots employ a reverse launch technique, facing the wing to control its rise before pivoting to run forward and achieve liftoff. These methods require clear, obstacle-free terrain and front winds under 20 km/h (about 12 mph) for safe initiation, progressing to higher limits with experience. Once airborne, the flight phase emphasizes low-level at altitudes between 5 and 50 feet above the ground, allowing pilots to skim dynamically while maintaining control through precise maneuvers. Common techniques include wingovers, which involve rhythmic banking turns to build and release energy, and dynamic turns that carve close to the slope for speed and agility. Speed modulation occurs primarily via inputs on the trailing edge or shifts in body weight to adjust the wing's , enabling transitions from high-speed dives to controlled glides without excessive altitude gain. with side or back winds limited to under 10 km/h (about 6 mph) to avoid instability. Landing concludes the flight with flare techniques, where the pilot progressively applies symmetric to arrest forward and descent momentum, touching down while running to dissipate energy smoothly. This method minimizes vertical impact by converting the wing's into horizontal motion, ensuring the pilot remains upright upon ground contact. To prevent stalls near the , pilots maintain adequate during the , avoiding abrupt applications that could collapse the wing at low altitudes. Overall wind conditions, including tailwinds under 10 km/h (about 6 mph), must be assessed to ensure the can be executed without drift or loss of control.

Ski integration and maneuvers in speed riding

In speed riding, integrates seamlessly with wing control to enable a hybrid form of descent that combines the propulsion of with the lift and steering provided by the speed . Riders accelerate down snow-covered slopes using their to build initial , typically in winds of 11-27 km/h, before deploying the wing mid-ski for a hybrid takeoff. This ski-assisted launch allows for quicker and higher takeoff speeds compared to foot launches, as the forward motion from edging and poling on the provides natural without needing a full run-up. During flight, maneuvers emphasize low-altitude control where ski edging complements brake inputs on the for precise . Carved turns are executed by combining weight shift and progressive brake pulls to bank the while maintaining ski contact with the for stability, enabling riders to follow terrain contours closely. Swooping involves dynamic, high-speed bursts achieved through rear riser pulls or spiral dives, reaching speeds up to 90 mph (145 km/h) with sink rates exceeding 30 m/s, often performed at heights of 1-10 feet for ground skimming that heightens the thrill and demands constant active piloting to avoid obstacles. These techniques are best suited to steep slopes of 20-40 degrees, where or groomed runs provide varying traction— allowing for softer touchdowns but requiring more lift, while groomed surfaces support faster, more controlled edging. Landing transitions smoothly back to , with riders flaring the progressively about 1 meter above the ground using toggles to reduce vertical speed to near zero, then sliding to a stop on their while keeping the overhead into the wind. Poles play a key role post-flare for balance and quick directional adjustments as the rider resumes . Optimal conditions include temperatures above -10°C to prevent fabric stiffening and reduce aerodynamic efficiency; powder or groomed runs on 20-40 degree pitches minimize risk when properly assessed.

Safety considerations

Inherent risks and accident types

Speed flying and speed riding involve high-speed descents close to , typically at velocities ranging from 30 to 100 km/h (19 to 62 mph), which amplify the consequences of impacts with the ground, rocks, trees, or other obstacles. Collisions at these speeds often result from misjudged proximity during maneuvers, leading to uncontrolled falls or direct strikes that cause severe trauma. Wing collapses, triggered by or improper handling, can cause sudden loss of lift and result in falls from low altitudes, exacerbating injury severity due to the lack of recovery time. Accident types in these sports predominantly stem from , accounting for the majority of incidents, such as takeoff failures, oversteering, or flying too low near hazardous features. In a study of fatalities in Switzerland's Canton of Berne from 2000 to 2018, the seven speed flying deaths were primarily attributed to pilot errors such as take-off failures and low flying, though some causes were unclear or involved maintenance issues. Equipment failures, such as harness or line malfunctions, contribute to a smaller portion of accidents, estimated at around 1-3% based on analyses of foot-launched flying sports. Common injuries include spinal fractures (45.8% of cases) and thoracic trauma (37.5%), reflecting the high-impact nature of these crashes, with mean injury severity scores around 20. Environmental factors heighten these risks, with gusts and turbulent winds frequently causing wing spins or stalls during low-altitude flights. Visibility challenges in , low light at , or near obstacles further contribute to misjudgments, particularly in mountainous where sudden weather shifts are common. Globally, approximately 140-150 fatalities have been recorded from December 2006 to November 2025, based on the Speed Flying Fatality List (SFFL), with concentrations in the , including and . Country-specific figures from SFFL include 25 fatalities in , 23 in , and 22 in the United States as of November 2025, though totals may vary by source. Recent incidents in 2024 and 2025, such as those in Les Deux Alpes (, August 2025) and (, September 2025), highlight ongoing patterns of terrain proximity errors. While training can mitigate some risks by improving , the inherent low-altitude, high-speed dynamics remain unforgiving.

Prevention strategies and protective equipment

Prevention strategies in speed flying and speed riding emphasize proactive risk mitigation to address common hazards such as sudden wing collapses or interactions. Site scouting is a foundational practice, involving thorough assessment of launch and landing areas to identify obstacles like rocks, trees, or uneven slopes, as well as planning a clear flight path with adequate safety margins. Practitioners are advised to select off-piste locations away from crowded runs and avoid no-go zones prone to or restricted access, ensuring familiarity with the through prior or consultation with local experts. Buddy systems further enhance safety by requiring pilots to inform a companion or group of their intended , location, and expected return time, allowing for mutual monitoring and rapid response in case of issues. monitoring is critical, utilizing apps and forecasts to evaluate , direction, activity, and conditions, with a strict avoidance of turbulent or thermal-prone environments that could lead to instability at low altitudes. Gradual progression from assisted launches—such as those with integration or instructor support—to independent solo flights is recommended to build proficiency while minimizing exposure to high-risk scenarios. This structured advancement typically begins in controlled school environments, leveraging existing skills in or aerial sports before progressing to unassisted speed flying maneuvers. Protective plays a vital role in reducing the impact of inevitable falls or collisions. Full-face helmets certified to EN 966 standards are essential for speed flying and riding, providing comprehensive head and facial protection against high-speed impacts and debris, unlike open-face models used in traditional . Impact vests and spine protectors, often integrated into harnesses as foam or Koroyd panels, safeguard the torso and back from compression injuries during ground contacts. Reserve parachutes, while standard in kits, are rarely deployed in speed flying due to the sport's low-altitude nature, where deployment heights below 150 feet limit their effectiveness; however, front-mounted designs are preferred for quicker access in emergencies. Best practices include rigorous pre-flight checklists to verify equipment integrity and environmental conditions. A standard five-point check encompasses securing the and chin strap, confirming all harness connections and leg straps, inspecting risers for twists and clear line routing, evaluating patterns through observation of nearby flights or , and scanning for aerial or site hazards. Avoiding fatigue is equally important, with guidelines prohibiting flights when tired or mentally compromised, as exhaustion impairs and reaction times during critical phases like launch or landing. Recent advancements include enhanced protective harnesses with modular airbag systems and adaptations of motorcycle-style vests triggered by sudden speed drops, though fully integrated designs for aerial sports remain emerging as of 2025. Overall, the use of certified protective gear has been shown to reduce injury severity in low-impact crashes by approximately 60%, particularly for spinal and trauma in paragliding-related activities.

Training, certification, and statistical overview

Training in speed flying and speed riding typically follows a progressive structure to build skills safely, starting with introductory flights to familiarize participants with wing handling and basic , followed by ground handling sessions to master inflation and control on flat , and advancing to supervised solo flights under instructor oversight. This approach ensures pilots develop proficiency in low-altitude maneuvers before progressing to more dynamic environments. Minimum requirements generally encompass 20–40 additional hours beyond basic for speed-specific skills, often including at least 10–15 hours of supervised speed wing flights. Certification programs emphasize safety and competence, with the French Fédération Française de Vol Libre (FFVL) offering (Stabilité et Pilotage en Vol) courses tailored for speed riding practitioners, which focus on incident recovery and are mandatory for advanced progression within their framework. In the , the United States Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association (USHPA) requires demonstrated skills in wing control, launches, and landings for advanced certifications, often building on a prior P2 rating, though dedicated speed flying ratings remain under development. Internationally, there is ongoing alignment with the FAI's International Pilot Proficiency Indicator (IPPI) scale for free-flight sports, allowing speed flying pilots to convert national ratings for cross-border recognition, though speed-specific adaptations remain under development. Statistical data on incidents highlight the sport's risks, with the Speed Flying Fatality List (SFFL) documenting approximately 140-150 fatalities worldwide from 2006 to November 2025, averaging approximately 7-8 deaths annually. Country-specific figures from SFFL include 25 fatalities in , 23 in , and 22 as of November 2025, underscoring concentrations in regions with high participation. As of November 2025, SFFL reports continued incidents, including in (, August) and the (, September), with no clear evidence of decline despite enhanced training protocols, though underreporting persists in unregulated areas outside formal associations like FFVL and USHPA. Comprehensive injury data remains limited globally, but localized studies suggest hundreds of non-fatal incidents occur yearly, often involving minor to moderate trauma from low-level collisions.

Community and regulations

Governing organizations and national rules

The Fédération Française de Vol Libre (FFVL) in officially recognized speed riding as a free flight discipline under in 2006, overseeing its practice through guidelines that emphasize off-piste operations in ski resorts with prior station authorization. While no pilot brevet is legally required, FFVL membership is recommended for access to insured activities and competency tracking via a speed riding passport. In the , the United States Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association (USHPA) governs speed flying as part of its mandate for and , administering pilot ratings, instructor certification, and event sanctions under Federal Aviation Regulation Part 103 for ultralight vehicles. The USHPA emphasizes site-specific landowner consent rather than a federal licensing mandate, with chapters handling local operations autonomously. In , the Schweizerischer Hängegleiter Verband and Föderation Schweizerischer Segelflugvereine (SHV-FSVL) regulate speed flying and speed riding, requiring pilots to hold a base license supplemented by a speed flying extension for legal operation. Foreign pilots must obtain this extension and demonstrate equivalent qualifications, with wings required to bear distinctive markings for identification. Emerging organizations in other regions include the Hang Gliding and Association of (HPAC), which administers speed flying ratings and third-party liability coverage similar to its framework. In , local associations are developing guidelines for speed flying and speed riding, though no centralized regional federation exists as of 2025. National rules vary significantly: mandates adherence to Direction Générale de l'Aviation Civile (DGAC) and mountain law restrictions, prohibiting speed riding on designated ski pistes without explicit permission. enforces slope-specific permits alongside the license extension, banning operations near ski infrastructure without approval. In the , while no national license is required, state and local laws govern land access, prioritizing private agreements over federal oversight. , through the Sports Aviation Federation of (SAFA), requires a speed wing endorsement on existing ratings for pilots operating mini-wings under Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) regulations. Across the European Union, harmonization occurs via EN 926 standards, which classify paraglider wings—including speed wings—for structural strength (EN 926-1) and flight safety characteristics (EN 926-2), ensuring minimum pilot skill demands and load resistance. These norms facilitate cross-border compliance but defer to national bodies for site rules. Third-party liability insurance is mandatory in key countries: France's FFVL license includes automatic civil aerial responsibility coverage; Switzerland requires at least CHF 1 million per pilot; and USHPA membership provides similar protection. Annual costs typically range from €30 to €60 for basic third-party policies in Europe, often bundled with federation dues. Such insurance plays a critical role in accident investigations by verifying compliance and facilitating claims against property damage or injury to others. Training certifications serve as prerequisites in regulated nations like Switzerland and Australia, where endorsements confirm proficiency before independent flight.

Competitions, events, and global community

Speed flying and speed riding competitions primarily consist of local and regional challenges rather than large-scale international world championships, with the and Association (USHPA) serving as a key sanctioning body for events in the . USHPA authorizes competitions that include speed flying categories, adhering to specific rulebooks for formats such as race-to-goal or accuracy tasks, with an annual calendar of sanctioned gatherings available for pilots. In , annual clinics and meets like those hosted by Skiandfly in , , from March 1-8, 2025, provide structured progression for riders, focusing on skill-building in alpine terrain. The Speed Riding World Meet in , , emphasizes social riding, skill improvement, and epic descents, drawing participants for multi-day events that foster community ties. Emerging initiatives, such as the Speedriding World Cup promoted via , aim to launch competitive events blending speed riding with organized formats. Notable events highlight the sport's dynamic appeal, including the 2025 Women of Speed Flying gathering in , held in February as a yearly non-competitive showcase in the . This event features women-specific tasks, points-based games, and après-ski activities, attracting pilots from across to build skills and camaraderie in a supportive environment. High-speed descents remain a hallmark, with pilots pushing boundaries in local slalom and proximity challenges, though formal records for speeds exceeding 100 mph are not centrally tracked by governing bodies like the FAI. Integration with broader adventure festivals occurs through alpine meets that combine speed riding demonstrations with other extreme sports. The global community of speed flying and speed riding practitioners connects through online platforms, including the , a worldwide hub for sharing photos, videos, and advice on ground launching and proximity flying. The SPEED CHANNEL Facebook group further supports this network by aggregating news, equipment discussions, and safety resources for speedwing enthusiasts globally. Growth has been observed in regions like the , where community-driven events promote low-impact practices to minimize environmental disturbance in sensitive mountain areas. Cultural impact is amplified through media features, such as Paragliders' video tutorials on essential techniques like no-wind launches and cliff launches, which educate pilots and highlight the sport's precision and thrill. Efforts toward diversity and inclusivity are evident in women-focused events like the Women of Speed Flying, which encourage mentorship and participation from underrepresented groups in the traditionally male-dominated alpine flying scene.

References

  1. https://www.bhpa.co.uk/sport/sf/
  2. https://www.ushpa.org/USHPA/Learn_to_fly/Public/LearnToFly/aboutfreeflight.aspx?hkey=411bc76f-a0fa-42f5-ab23-4a71aa7c486e
  3. https://xcmag.com/news/what-is-speed-flying-and-how-can-i-do-it-like-tom-cruise/
  4. https://flybubble.com/gin-nano-4
  5. https://flyozone.com/speed/fr/infozone/speed-flying-info
  6. https://www.airetaventure.com/en/963-acrobatics-and-speed-paragliders-
  7. http://www.speed-flying.com/what-is-speed-flying
  8. https://flyozone.com/speed/infozone/speed-flying-info
  9. https://www.skydivemag.com/new/fancy-speed-fly-or-paraglide/
  10. https://flyozone.com/speed/products/gliders/arc
  11. https://flybubble.com/blog/paragliders-weight-ranges
  12. https://www.paraglidingqueensland.com/speedflying
  13. https://www.speed-flying.com/what-is-speed-flying
  14. https://superflyinc.com/blogs/news/paragliding-vs-hang-gliding-which-adventure-is-right-for-you
  15. https://www.paragliding.com/frequently-asked-questions/
  16. https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/92071/what-are-the-fundamental-differences-between-a-parachute-and-a-paraglider
  17. https://www.hpac.ca/learn-to-fly/
  18. https://shs.cairn.info/article/E_STA_121_0047/pdf?lang=en
  19. https://www.templepilots.com/history-of-paragliding/
  20. https://www.gingliders.com/en/mini-wings/nano-4/
  21. https://federation.ffvl.fr/pages/speed-riding-0
  22. https://www.speedfly.com/learn-to-speedfly
  23. https://www.instagram.com/bestofspeedflying/?hl=en
  24. https://snowbrains.com/the-women-speed-riders-of-chamonix/
  25. https://www.swing.de/produkte/brave-5/?lang=en
  26. https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/historyofskiing/2023/05/02/gotta-make-snow-to-make-money-snowmaking-and-its-effects-in-the-french-alps-between-1960s-and-2000s/
  27. https://www.chamonix.net/english/winter-activities/speed-riding
  28. https://flyozone.com/speed/products/gliders/rapido
  29. https://www.telemark-pyrenees.com/product-categories/alpine-touring-skis
  30. http://www.schnellcraft.com/index.php/knowhow/142-speedwing-lines-common-questions
  31. https://www.outdoorgearlab.com/topics/camping-and-hiking/best-personal-locator-beacon
  32. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/performance-paraglider-market-insights-innovation-sustainability-d9pyf
  33. https://dudek.eu/en/przeglady-i-naprawy/
  34. https://xcmag.com/gear-guide/new-pilots-gear-guide/how-to-look-after-your-paraglider/
  35. https://www.prospeedflying.com/speedflying-school/speedflying-launches/
  36. https://www.speed-flying.com/instruction-guidelines
  37. https://www.ffp.asso.fr/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/Voile_principale_SPIRE.pdf
  38. https://www.gingliders.com/pdf/mw-nano-4-manual-en.pdf
  39. http://www.speedfly-sardinia.com/
  40. https://www.snowplaza.co.uk/blog/16682-skiing-steeps-what-does-gradient-mean-ski-piste/
  41. https://flybubble.com/blog/speed-flying-safety
  42. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1080603221002076
  43. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7063457/
  44. https://sffl.baseaddict.com/incidents
  45. https://wifitalents.com/paragliding-safety-statistics/
  46. https://www.ushpa.org/Public/LearnToFly/become-a-pilot.aspx
  47. https://www.paraglidingforum.com/viewtopic.php?t=46005
  48. https://flyeo.com/en/paragliding-course-annecy-siv/
  49. https://www.ushpa.org/USHPA/Pilot_Resources/Public/PilotResources/advanced-certifications.aspx
  50. https://www.fai.org/page/civl-ippi-card
  51. https://www.ushpa.org/public/aboutushpa/about-ushpa.aspx
  52. https://www.ushpa.org/USHPA/Pilot_Resources/Public/PilotResources/pilot-resources.aspx?hkey=7f3ad737-5baf-4024-9a4a-2b37fc2c3869
  53. https://www.shv-fsvl.ch/en/education/translate-to-englisch-flugsparten/
  54. http://www.speed-flying.com/forums/new-speed-flying-rules-for-switzerland
  55. https://www.hpac.ca/about/
  56. https://www.paraglidingforum.com/viewtopic.php?t=15450
  57. https://www.ushpa.org/public/pilotresources/flight-operations.aspx
  58. https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/cen/206d40c3-26bc-4c9b-a164-13d056cb0732/en-926-1-2015
  59. https://www.shv-fsvl.ch/en/education/foreign-licence/
  60. https://www.ushpa.org/USHPA/Pilot_Resources/Public/competition/competition.aspx
  61. https://skiandfly.com/speed-ride-clinics-chamonix
  62. https://skiandfly.com/speed-riding-world-meet
  63. https://www.instagram.com/speedriding_world_cup/
  64. https://www.facebook.com/groups/7439679746/
  65. https://www.facebook.com/groups/channel.speed/
  66. https://flyozone.com/speed
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.