Talaud language

Talaud
Talaud
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Talaud Islands, North Sulawesi
Native speakers	(82,000 cited 2000 census)
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Sangiric North Talaud; ; ; ; ;
Dialects	Lami; Tirawata;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	tld
Glottolog	tala1285
	Talaud Talaud
	Coordinates: 4°07′N 126°48′E / 4.12°N 126.80°E

Talaud is an Austronesian language spoken on the Talaud Islands north of Sulawesi, Indonesia. There are 2 dialects, namely Lami dialect which is spoken on Miangas, Nanusa Islands, and Esang in the northern part of Karakelang Island; Tirawata dialect is used in Lirung, Kabaruan, and the southern part of Karakelang Island.^[2]

Miangas is actually a subdialect, but more different from its main dialect, Lami.^[2]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p	t		(c)	k	ʔ
	voiced	b	d			ɡ
	affricate				tʃ
Nasal		m	n			ŋ
Fricative		β	s	ʐ	(ʃ)	ɣ	h
Rhotic	trill		r
Rhotic	tap		ɾ
Lateral			l
Approximant		w

/tʃ/ can be heard as a palatal stop [c], depending on the dialect.
The velar fricative sound /ɣ/ may also be pronounced as voiceless [x].^[3]
/ʃ/ is only found in some dialects of Kaburuan Island. It corresponds to /ʐ/ in most other dialects.^[3]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e		o
Open		a

References

^ Talaud at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ ^a ^b Kembuan, L.D.; Sampouw, T.; Inkiriwang, J.; Terok, D.; Roring, M. (1986). Struktur Dialek Miangas (PDF) (in Indonesian) (1 ed.). Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
^ ^a ^b Utsumi 2016.

Bawole, G. (1981). Struktur Bahasa Talaud (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departmen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan – via Laboratorium Kebinekaan Bahasa dan Sastra.
Utsumi, Atsuko (2013). "Talaud Verbs: Paradigm of Basic Verbs". Tokyo University Linguistic Papers. 33: 319–361. doi:10.15083/00027520.
Utsumi, Atsuko (2016). "A Dialectal Study of Talaud: Dialectal Classification and a Comparative Word List". Bulletin of Meisei University. Department of Japanese and Comparative Culture, School of Humanities. 24: 163(37)–135(70).

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[e18-1] Talaud at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[sdm-2] Kembuan, L.D.; Sampouw, T.; Inkiriwang, J.; Terok, D.; Roring, M. (1986). Struktur Dialek Miangas (PDF) (in Indonesian) (1 ed.). Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.

[FOOTNOTEUtsumi2016-3] Utsumi 2016.

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Talaud language

Talaud language

Talaud language

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Hub overview

Root Wikipedia Article

Talaud language

Phonology

Consonants

Vowels

References

Further reading