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Visual Studio Code
Visual Studio Code
from Wikipedia
Visual Studio Code
Original authorErich Gamma
DeveloperMicrosoft
Initial releaseApril 29, 2015; 10 years ago (2015-04-29)
Stable release
1.105.1[1][2] Edit this on Wikidata / 15 October 2025
Preview release
1.105.0-insiders[3] Edit this on Wikidata
Repository
Written inTypeScript, JavaScript, HTML, CSS[4]
Operating systemWindows 10 or later, macOS 10.15 or later, Linux
Platformx86-64, ARM32, ARM64
Size
  • Windows: 93–97 MB
  • Linux: 89–137 MB
  • macOS: 127–217 MB
Available in15 languages
List of languages
English (US), Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, French, German, Italian, Portuguese (Brazil), Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish, Hungarian, Turkish, Polish, Czech[5]
TypeSource-code editor[6][7]
LicenseProprietary freeware[8][9] based on open-source project[10][11]
Websitecode.visualstudio.com Edit this on Wikidata

Visual Studio Code (commonly referred to as VS Code)[12] is a source-code editor[6][7] developed by Microsoft for Windows, Linux, macOS and web browsers.[13][14] Features include support for debugging, syntax highlighting, intelligent code completion, snippets, code refactoring, and embedded version control with Git. Users can change the theme, keyboard shortcuts and preferences.

Visual Studio Code also has an extensive marketplace that can make it function more like an integrated development environment.[15] It contains extensions, programming languages,[16] themes, keyboard shortcuts, AI models, and more available to install.

Visual Studio Code is proprietary software released under the "Microsoft Software License",[9] but based on the MIT licensed program named "Visual Studio Code – Open Source" (also known as "Code – OSS"), also created by Microsoft and available through GitHub.[17]

In the 2025 Stack Overflow Developer Survey, out of over 49,000 responses, 75.9% of respondents reported using Visual Studio Code, more than twice the percentage of respondents who reported using its nearest alternative, Visual Studio.[18]

History

[edit]

Visual Studio Code was first announced on April 29, 2015 by Microsoft at the 2015 Build conference. A preview build was released shortly thereafter.[19]

On November 18, 2015, the project "Visual Studio Code – Open Source" (also known as "Code – OSS"), on which Visual Studio Code is based, was released under the open-source MIT License and made available on GitHub.[17]

Extension support was also announced.[20] On April 14, 2016, Visual Studio Code graduated from the public preview stage and was released to the web.[21]

Features

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Code editor

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Visual Studio Code is a source-code editor[6][7] that can be used with a variety of programming languages, including C, C#, C++, Fortran, Go, Java, JavaScript, Node.js, Python, Rust, and Julia.[22][23][24][25][26] Visual Studio Code employs the same editor component (codenamed "Monaco") used in Azure DevOps (formerly called "Visual Studio Online" and "Visual Studio Team Services").[27]

The downloadable version of Visual Studio Code is built on the Electron framework,[28] which is used to develop Node.js web applications that run on the Blink layout engine. Visual Studio Code for the Web is a browser-based version of the editor that can be used to edit both local files and remote repositories (on GitHub and Microsoft Azure) without installing the full program.[29] It is officially supported and hosted by Microsoft and can be accessed at vscode.dev.

Out of the box, Visual Studio Code includes basic support for most common programming languages. This basic support includes syntax highlighting, bracket matching, code folding, and configurable snippets. Visual Studio Code also ships with IntelliSense for JavaScript, TypeScript, JSON, CSS, and HTML, as well as debugging support for Node.js. Support for additional languages can be provided by freely available extensions on the VS Code Marketplace.[30]

Debugging

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VS Code features a built-in debugger designed to enhance the development process. It provides native support for debugging Node.js applications, while additional debuggers for other programming languages can be installed via extensions. The debugger allows developers to attach to running processes and step through source code line-by-line during execution, offering a detailed view of program flow. It can also display disassembly for low-level analysis in C++.[31] Furthermore, users can set breakpoints – either standard or conditional – to pause execution at specific points and examine the program's state, while also monitoring variable values in real-time as the code runs.

An interactive feature of VS Code's debugging toolkit is the Debug Console.[32] This panel is integrated directly into the debugging session, enabling users to evaluate expressions, such as checking variable values or testing functions, and execute commands on the fly. This functionality provides developers with greater control and deeper insight into the program's behavior.

File management and workspace

[edit]

Instead of a project system, VS Code allows users to open one or more directories, which can then be saved in workspaces for future reuse. This allows it to operate as a language-agnostic code editor for any language. It supports many programming languages and a set of features that differ per language. Unwanted files and folders can be excluded from the project tree via settings.

Command Palette

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Many Visual Studio Code features are not exposed through menus or the user interface but can be accessed via the Command Palette.[33] The Command Palette is able to execute virtually every feature the graphical interface supports, making it very keyboard-accessible.[34]

Integrated terminal

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Visual Studio Code provides a fully featured integrated terminal that opens at the root of the current workspace, allowing users to run shell commands without leaving the editor environment.[35] It can be toggled via View → Terminal, the Command Palette (View: Toggle Integrated Terminal), or the keyboard shortcut (Ctrl+'). Users may open multiple terminals in tabs or split panes, rename them, and kill sessions individually, directly within the editor UI.

This terminal hosts any shell installed on the system—Bash, Zsh, PowerShell, Fish, Git Bash, WSL, etc.—and detects available profiles automatically, making it simple to switch contexts via the dropdown menu or the Terminal: Select Default Profile command.[36]

Beyond basic command execution, VS Code's shell integration also contains clickable file links, working directory awareness, and error-detection markers in the scrollbar. These enhancements simplify tracing errors and navigating code paths by allowing direct jumps to source files, preserving the current working directory context, and highlighting problems inline within the terminal's scroll bar.

Extensibility and customization

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Visual Studio Code can be extended via extensions.[37] Users may install extensions from the VS Code Marketplace to add language support,[33] editor,[38] themes, debuggers, and additional utilities. A notable feature is the ability to create extensions that add support for new languages, themes, debuggers, time travel debuggers, perform static code analysis, and add code linters using the Language Server Protocol.[39]

Source control

[edit]

Source control is a built-in feature of Visual Studio Code. It has a dedicated tab inside the menu bar where users can access version control settings and view changes made to the current project. To use the feature, Visual Studio Code must be linked to any supported version control system (Git, Apache Subversion, Perforce, etc.). This allows users to create repositories and to make push and pull requests directly from the Visual Studio Code program.

Visual Studio Code collects usage data and sends it to Microsoft to help improve the product. This telemetry feature can be disabled.[40] The information contained in this telemetry data can be inspected by the public, since the product is open source.[41]

Remote development and web-based access

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VS Code supports remote development through extensions such as Remote–SSH, Remote–Containers, and Remote–WSL. These tools enable users to connect to and develop within remote environments, including servers and containers.

Visual Studio Code for the Web (accessible at vscode.dev) allows users to edit files directly in a web browser without the need to install the desktop application.[42] This version supports basic editing tasks and integration with remote repositories.

Insiders

[edit]
An orange version of the Visual Studio Code logo
Visual Studio Code Insiders logo

VS Code Insiders is a nightly build version of this code editor, providing users with the opportunity to experience new features, bug fixes, and improvements ahead of their official release. It is compiled every night based on the latest changes from the development team, allowing users to test and provide feedback before these updates are officially released in the stable version. [43]

This version is completely independent of the standard version, meaning users can install and run both simultaneously without any interference between their settings, extensions, or themes. This design enables developers to explore and experiment with the latest features of the code editor without affecting their primary development environment.

Reception

[edit]

In the 2016 Stack Overflow Developer Survey, Visual Studio Code ranked 13th among the top popular development tools, with only 7% of the 47,000 respondents using it.[44] Two years later, Visual Studio Code rose to the no. 1 spot, with 35% of the 75,000 respondents using it.[45] Since then Visual Studio Code has retained the no. 1 spot, with the percentage of respondents reporting using it increasing to 50% in 2019,[46] 74.5% in 2021,[47] 74.48% in 2022,[48] 73.71% in 2023,[49] 73.6% in 2024,[50] and 75.9% in 2025.[51] (The 2020 Developers Survey did not cover integrated development environments.[52])

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia
from Grokipedia
Visual Studio Code (commonly abbreviated as VS Code) is a free, open-source code editor developed by and first released as a preview in April 2015, with its stable version 1.0 launching on April 14, 2016. Designed to combine the simplicity of a lightweight with powerful developer tools, it supports cross-platform development on Windows, macOS, and operating systems. Licensed under the , its source code is hosted on , enabling community contributions and extensibility through a vast marketplace of extensions for languages, themes, debuggers, and tools. Key features include built-in Git integration for version control, IntelliSense for intelligent code completion, and integrated debugging capabilities, all aimed at streamlining the edit-build-debug workflow across hundreds of programming languages such as JavaScript, TypeScript, Python, and more. VS Code also supports advanced workflows like remote development via containers, SSH, or Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), and it incorporates AI enhancements for improved coding efficiency. Its customizable interface, automatic updates, and zero-install web version further contribute to its popularity among developers worldwide.

History

Initial development and announcement

In 2015, Microsoft initiated the development of Visual Studio Code (VS Code) as a lightweight, cross-platform code editor to address the needs of developers working on web and cloud applications, drawing inspiration from the Monaco editor originally created for Azure's cloud-based development environment. The project aimed to provide a streamlined alternative to the full-featured Visual Studio IDE, emphasizing speed, extensibility, and accessibility across operating systems without the resource intensity of traditional integrated development environments. This decision reflected Microsoft's broader shift toward open web technologies and cross-platform tools to attract a wider developer audience. VS Code was publicly announced on April 29, 2015, during the keynote at the developer conference in , where it was positioned as a free tool optimized for modern development workflows. The announcement highlighted its role as an open-source (under development) editor that would support extensions and integrate seamlessly with Microsoft's ecosystem, including Azure and , while remaining lightweight enough for quick launches and efficient performance. At launch, it was described as supporting core editing features like and IntelliSense for languages such as , , and , with plans for broader language coverage. The initial preview version of VS Code was made available for download immediately following the announcement on April 29, 2015, targeting developers on Windows, macOS, and platforms. Built using the framework, the editor leveraged web technologies—including , CSS, and —for its user interface and for backend services, enabling a consistent experience across desktop environments while rendering code via the editor component. This architecture allowed for rapid prototyping and deployment, with the preview focusing on essential editing capabilities and built-in support for debugging and terminal integration from the outset. Early adoption was swift, as the tool's free availability and cross-platform nature appealed to web developers seeking an alternative to heavier IDEs.

Open-sourcing and key milestones

Visual Studio Code transitioned to a fully open-source project under the when released its source code on on November 18, 2015. This move enabled community involvement from the outset, fostering rapid iteration and extensibility through contributions. By 2025, the repository had attracted over 10,000 contributors, reflecting its robust collaborative ecosystem. The stable version 1.0 arrived on April 14, 2016, a pivotal that signaled the editor's readiness for production use after initial beta phases. This release solidified VS Code's cross-platform foundation and extension support, drawing over 2 million installations in its first year. Subsequent updates built on this stability, with key enhancements shaping its evolution. Notable s include the introduction of multi-root workspaces in version 1.18 (October 2017), allowing users to manage multiple project folders within a single instance for improved and multi-project workflows. Remote development features debuted in version 1.35 (May 2019), enabling seamless coding in containers, on remote machines, or via (WSL) directly from the local editor. In October 2021, the browser-based vscode.dev launched, providing a lightweight, extension-compatible version of VS Code accessible without installation. More recent releases continued to emphasize and . Version 1.85 (November 2023) delivered substantial optimizations, including faster startup times and reduced memory usage for large workspaces. Version 1.105 (September 2025, released October 9, 2025) introduced improvements, such as better preservation of user position in the Accessible View. The October 2025 (version 1.106) release on November 12, 2025, open-sourced Chat, advancing VS Code's role as an open-source AI editor. These updates underscore VS Code's ongoing refinement. The project's growth is highlighted by its GitHub repository surpassing 160,000 stars by 2025, underscoring widespread adoption among developers worldwide.

Core Editing Features

Text editing and syntax support

Visual Studio Code's core text editing functionality is powered by the Monaco Editor, a browser-based code editor developed by that provides robust support for writing and navigating code. This foundation enables essential features such as , which colorizes code elements like keywords, strings, and comments to improve readability, along with bracket matching that highlights corresponding pairs (e.g., parentheses, curly braces) as the cursor approaches them, and that allows users to collapse and expand sections of code based on indentation or syntax structures like functions and blocks. These capabilities are available out-of-the-box for hundreds of languages, including , , , CSS, Python, and C++, without requiring additional installations. Syntax support in Visual Studio Code relies on TextMate grammars, a regex-based tokenization system originally from the TextMate editor, which parses code into scopes and applies thematic styling for accurate highlighting across diverse file types. Since version 1.43, semantic tokens provided by language servers offer enhanced, more precise highlighting based on the language's semantic model, complementing TextMate grammars. Language detection occurs automatically based on file extensions or content patterns, with users able to override it manually via the or the "Change Language Mode" command (Ctrl+K M). For instance, a .js file defaults to mode, enabling immediate syntax coloring and folding for constructs like arrow functions or object literals. This system ensures consistent visual aids even for embedded languages, such as CSS within . Key editing mechanics include multi-cursor support, which lets users place multiple cursors simultaneously—via Alt+Click for arbitrary positions, Ctrl+D to select successive occurrences of a word, or Shift+Alt+Down to add cursors on consecutive lines—facilitating efficient simultaneous edits across repeated code patterns. Find and replace operations support regular expressions, , and whole-word matching, accessible through Ctrl+F for in-file searches or Ctrl+Shift+F for workspace-wide queries, with options like Preserve Case for transformations. Snippets provide reusable templates for ; users can insert them via the IntelliSense suggestion list or the "Insert Snippet" command (Ctrl+Shift+P), and custom snippets can be defined in files for language-specific needs, such as a basic structure. Visual Studio Code provides an instant toggle for word wrap using the keyboard shortcut Alt + Z on Windows and Linux or Option + Z on macOS, allowing users to quickly enable or disable text wrapping based on the editor's viewport width. For web development, Visual Studio Code integrates Emmet, a toolkit for expanding abbreviations into full HTML or CSS structures directly in the editor. Typing an abbreviation like div.container>p and pressing Tab expands it to <div class="container"><p></p></div>, with support in files like , JSX, CSS, and SCSS by default; custom extensions can enable it for other languages via settings like emmet.includeLanguages. Filters such as BEM or comment wrapping further customize output, streamlining markup creation. While core features suffice for basic editing, extensions from the can extend syntax support for niche languages or advanced tokenization.

IntelliSense and code completion

IntelliSense in Visual Studio Code provides intelligent code editing assistance, including auto-completions, parameter information, and quick info tooltips, to enhance developer productivity across various programming languages. These features are triggered automatically by typing or via keyboard shortcuts like Ctrl+Space, offering context-aware suggestions based on semantic analysis of the code. For languages such as , Python, and , IntelliSense relies on the (LSP), a standardized communication method between the editor and external language servers that deliver completions, diagnostics, and other language-specific services. Out-of-the-box support includes and through built-in language services, while extensions from the Visual Studio Marketplace enable richer IntelliSense for Python and other languages via dedicated LSP implementations. Beyond basic completions, IntelliSense supports navigation features like finding symbols, definitions, and references across files and workspaces, allowing developers to jump to declarations or locate usages efficiently. In projects, it integrates deeply with the TypeScript language service for real-time type checking, displaying type information (such as inferring 'any' types in ) and suggesting refactorings through code actions. This integration ensures accurate suggestions that respect type safety and project configurations, such as tsconfig.json files. Parameter info appears as inline tooltips showing function signatures and current argument positions, while quick info provides hover-based documentation and type details on symbols. To handle large codebases effectively, IntelliSense incorporates performance optimizations, including running language servers in separate processes to isolate them from the editor's main thread and using incremental text document synchronization to minimize data transfer during edits. Settings like editor.quickSuggestionsDelay (defaulting to 10 milliseconds) allow fine-tuning of suggestion timing, reducing latency in expansive projects. These mechanisms ensure responsive behavior even in monorepos or multi-root workspaces, though extensions may vary in optimization quality.

Development Tools

Debugging capabilities

Visual Studio Code offers comprehensive debugging support through its integrated debugger, which includes built-in functionality for , , and applications, as well as direct integration for debugging in Chrome browsers. For additional runtimes such as Python, C++, PHP, Ruby, Go, C#, and , debugging is facilitated via extensions from the that leverage the Debug Adapter Protocol (DAP). The DAP serves as a standardized, JSON-based protocol for communication between Visual Studio Code and separate debug adapter processes or libraries, enabling consistent debugging experiences across diverse languages and environments without requiring custom UI implementations. Core debugging features encompass a range of tools for precise code inspection and control. Breakpoints can be set by clicking the editor gutter or pressing F9, supporting types such as conditional breakpoints (triggered by expressions or hit counts), function breakpoints, data breakpoints, inline breakpoints, and logpoints that log messages without halting execution. The call stack is displayed in the Run and Debug view, allowing navigation through execution frames, while the Variables pane enables real-time inspection, editing, and watching of local, global, and closure variables. Variable values can also be evaluated interactively in the Debug Console, which functions as a read-eval-print loop (REPL) during sessions. Launch configurations provide flexible setup for debugging sessions and are defined in a workspace-specific launch.json file within the .vscode folder. These configurations specify essential attributes like the debugger type (e.g., "node" for ), request type ("launch" to start a program or "attach" to connect to a running process), program entry point, arguments, environment variables, and pre-launch tasks. For multi-target scenarios, such as debugging interdependent client-server applications, compound configurations in launch.json allow simultaneous execution of multiple setups, streamlining complex workflows. For simple web projects involving HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, the launch.json file defines debug configurations but does not directly list or include project files such as index.html, script.js, or style.css within its content. These files are part of the workspace, and a typical configuration launches a browser (e.g., Chrome) to load index.html as the entry point. This setup enables breakpoints and debugging in associated JavaScript files through source maps, although CSS files are not directly debuggable in the same manner as JavaScript. An example configuration is:

json

{ "version": "0.2.0", "configurations": [ { "type": "chrome", "request": "launch", "name": "Launch index.html", "file": "&#36;{workspaceFolder}/index.html" } ] }

{ "version": "0.2.0", "configurations": [ { "type": "chrome", "request": "launch", "name": "Launch index.html", "file": "&#36;{workspaceFolder}/index.html" } ] }

This launches Chrome to open the specified HTML file, loading linked scripts and styles for in-browser debugging of JavaScript code. Enhancements as of 2024 refined attach-to-process capabilities, with version 1.89 (April 2024) including fixes for reliable attachment when running on (WSL), improving setup efficiency for cross-platform . In version 1.90 (May 2024), the introduction of the Debug Stack Focus exposes the currently focused stack frame and thread in the Debug view, enabling extensions to better track and respond to state changes via events like onDidChangeActiveStackItem. These updates build on the extensible DAP architecture to enhance overall debugger reliability and integration. IntelliSense assists in authoring launch.json by offering autocompletion for configuration attributes, reducing setup errors.

Integrated terminal

Visual Studio Code includes a built-in integrated terminal that allows developers to execute command-line operations directly within the editor environment, eliminating the need to switch to external applications. This terminal supports multiple shells across platforms, including , Bash, and Command Prompt on Windows, as well as system-default shells like those from WSL or Git Bash, which can be configured through customizable terminal profiles. Users can create multiple terminal instances and arrange them in split panes using shortcuts such as ⌘\ on macOS or Ctrl+Shift+5 on Windows, with options to inherit or set working directories independently for each pane. The terminal integrates seamlessly with VS Code's task system via the .vscode/tasks.json file, enabling automated build and run processes by executing shell commands in dedicated or shared terminal panels. For instance, tasks can specify commands like compilation with arguments and control terminal visibility through properties such as "reveal": "always" and "panel": "new". Additionally, problem matchers in tasks.json parse terminal output to identify errors and warnings—using predefined patterns for tools like or GCC—displaying them as diagnostic icons in the editor and problems panel for quick navigation. Key features enhance usability, including searchable command history that draws from the current session, previous sessions, or shell history files, accessible via the "Terminal: Run Recent Command" action with fuzzy search support. Cursor navigation is improved through , allowing reliable movement between commands with Ctrl/Cmd+Up/Down arrows and selection of output lines via Shift modifiers, while direct file opening from terminal output is facilitated by clickable for paths and URLs, detected via current awareness. The terminal also maintains a scrollback buffer of up to 1000 lines by default, with Alt+click for cursor repositioning. Cross-platform compatibility ensures consistent behavior on Windows, macOS, and , with platform-specific shell detection and shortcuts. Rendering performance benefits from GPU acceleration, enabled by default in recent Electron-based versions of VS Code for smoother terminal output, though it can be disabled via the "terminal.integrated.gpuAcceleration": "off" setting if hardware issues arise. In sessions, the integrated terminal can display program output and accept input for interactive runs, complementing breakpoint-based . The integrated terminal is particularly useful for running Python web applications with live preview capabilities. For Streamlit apps, developers can execute streamlit run app.py in the terminal, which starts a local server with built-in re-execution on file saves for hot-reload and automatically opens the application in the default web browser. Similarly, for Flask frameworks, running python -m flask run launches the development server with auto-reload functionality, allowing code changes to be reflected without manual restarts. For Django projects, the command python manage.py runserver initiates the server, which includes a StatReloader that automatically reloads upon detecting file changes. In 2025, terminal features saw further improvements. Version 1.99 (March 2025) enhanced reliability of command execution in agent mode and introduced preview Terminal IntelliSense for code CLI subcommands, global command auto-refresh, and completions for fish shell. By version 1.106 (October 2025), Terminal IntelliSense became the default, offering completions for , bash, zsh, and fish shells, including support for CLI tools like Copilot and , along with a consolidated shell integration timeout setting and experimental controls for chat tool interactions.

Source control integration

Visual Studio Code provides built-in support for as its primary source control management (SCM) system, requiring Git version 2.0.0 or later to be installed on the user's machine. This integration allows developers to perform common operations directly within the editor without needing external tools. The Source Control view, accessible via the Activity Bar icon or the Ctrl+Shift+G (Cmd+Shift+G on macOS), serves as the central interface for Git workflows. It displays sections for Changes, Staged Changes, and Merge Changes, enabling users to stage and unstage files through contextual menus, drag-and-drop actions, or a dedicated "Stage All Changes" button. Committing is facilitated by entering a message in the input box above the changes list, followed by Ctrl+Enter (Cmd+Enter on macOS), with support for AI-generated commit messages via extensions like . Branching and merging are handled through the Command Palette, where commands such as "Git: Create Branch" and "Git: Checkout to" allow creation and switching of branches, while merge conflicts are resolved inline or via a three-way merge editor. VS Code has built-in support for Git worktrees, which enable working on multiple branches simultaneously in separate directories for parallel development. Users can create, open, and manage worktrees using commands available in the Command Palette, such as "Git: Create Worktree from..." and "Git: Open Worktree...", or through the Source Control Repositories view. This feature was introduced in version 1.108 (December 2025). Additional Git features enhance visibility and history tracking. The visual diff viewer displays changes in the editor with options to stage or revert hunks, using a unified patch format for side-by-side comparisons. Blame annotations can be toggled inline within the editor or shown in the Status Bar via the "Git: Toggle Git Blame" command, attributing lines to their committing authors. The Timeline view, located at the bottom of the Explorer pane, provides a chronological of file events, including Git commits, and was introduced in version 1.44 in March 2020; it extends to non-Git changes like file saves for broader version tracking. VS Code's integration automatically respects .gitignore files, excluding specified patterns from staging and the Source Control view. In 2025, source control received updates to improve multi-repository and handling. Version 1.99 (March 2025) added commit details and ahead/behind information to the picker (toggleable via git.showReferenceDetails) and introduced a repository status bar item for active repositories in multi-repo workspaces. Version 1.106 (October 2025) introduced folding support for commit messages (enabled with git.verboseCommit and git.useEditorAsCommitInput), graph views for incoming and outgoing changes (controlled by scm.graph.showIncomingChanges and scm.graph.showOutgoingChanges), a "Compare with..." command in the Source Control Graph context menu, and an experimental Repositories Explorer for branches and tags (toggleable via scm.repositories.explorer). While Git is the core focus, VS Code supports other version control systems through extensions available in the Visual Studio Marketplace. For example, the SVN extension by Johnston Code integrates (SVN) SCM, allowing staging, committing, and diff operations similar to . Users can switch SCM providers via the overflow menu in the Source Control view if multiple extensions are installed.

Workspace Management

File handling and multi-root workspaces

Visual Studio Code manages files and projects through workspaces, which represent a collection of one or more folders opened in a single editor instance, enabling scoped settings, tasks, and UI state for efficient organization. A single-folder workspace is created by opening a directory via the or command line, while multi-root workspaces extend this to multiple independent folders, ideal for scenarios like monorepos or related projects such as a alongside its documentation. This structure supports seamless navigation and configuration without requiring nested folder arrangements on disk. The Explorer view serves as the primary interface for file handling, presenting a tree-like navigation of workspace folders and files on the left sidebar, allowing users to expand, collapse, and manage resources directly. Users can search across all files in the workspace using the integrated search panel (accessed via Ctrl+Shift+F on Windows/Linux or Cmd+Shift+F on macOS), which groups results by file and provides previews of matches, with options for regex patterns and case sensitivity to refine queries. Additionally, the Outline view, integrated at the bottom of the Explorer, displays a symbol tree for the active editor file, outlining functions, classes, and variables based on language support, facilitating quick jumps to specific code elements. Multi-root workspaces were introduced to address the limitations of single-folder setups, particularly for large-scale projects like monorepos, and became stable in version 1.18 in October 2017. These workspaces are defined in a .code-workspace file, which lists folder paths—either absolute or relative to the file's location—in a "folders" array, along with optional workspace-specific settings and extensions; for example, {"folders": [{"path": "./project1"}, {"path": "./project2"}]}. This file can be saved via the File > Save Workspace As command and reopened to restore the exact configuration, promoting reproducibility across machines. Settings in multi-root workspaces follow an inheritance model where user-level configurations apply globally unless overridden by workspace settings in the .code-workspace file, which in turn can be further customized per folder using .vscode/settings.[json](/page/JSON) files within each root directory. Folder-specific configurations, such as setups in launch.[json](/page/JSON) or tasks in tasks.[json](/page/JSON), remain isolated to their respective roots, ensuring that changes in one do not affect others. For large workspaces, VS Code optimizes performance through search exclusions defined in search.exclude settings, which use glob patterns to skip irrelevant files or directories like node_modules or build outputs, preventing slowdowns during indexing. While not employing a full for local operations, this approach scales to handle extensive folder structures efficiently by scoping operations to opened roots. In multi-root setups, source control integration respects folder boundaries, displaying separate providers (e.g., repositories) for each root in the Source Control view.

Command Palette and keybindings

The Command Palette serves as a central hub in Visual Studio Code for discovering and executing commands, accessible via the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Shift+P on Windows and or Cmd+Shift+P on macOS. It features a searchable interface that allows users to quickly run editor commands, open files, search for symbols, or view outlines without navigating menus. For instance, typing "Open Settings" invokes the workbench.action.openSettings command to launch the settings editor, while "Reload Window" executes workbench.action.reloadWindow to restart the application. This palette encompasses a large set of built-in commands, enabling efficient workflow management across various development tasks. Keybindings in Visual Studio Code can be customized through the keybindings.json file, which allows users to remap default shortcuts to match personal preferences or other editors. To edit this file, users access the Keyboard Shortcuts editor via the Command Palette and select the Open Keyboard Shortcuts () option, where entries follow a format specifying the key, command, and optional when clause. For example, a binding like { "key": "ctrl+d", "command": "editor.action.deleteLines", "when": "editorTextFocus" } deletes the current line when Ctrl+D is pressed in an editor. Conflict resolution occurs by evaluating rules from bottom to top in the file, with the first matching rule taking precedence; users can detect overlaps by right-clicking a shortcut and selecting "Show Same Keybindings," and remove unwanted defaults using negative commands like { "key": "tab", "command": "-jumpToNextSnippetPlaceholder" }. The when clause in keybindings.json enables context-specific bindings using logical operators such as ==, !=, &&, and ||, ensuring shortcuts activate only under defined conditions like specific languages or UI states. For example, { "key": "f5", "command": "workbench.action.debug.start", "when": "debuggersAvailable && !inDebugMode" } starts debugging only when debuggers are available and not already in debug mode. This system supports workspace-specific keybindings, allowing overrides tailored to individual projects without affecting global settings. Commands contributed by extensions integrate seamlessly into the Command Palette and keybindings system, appearing alongside built-in options and respecting the same search and customization mechanisms. Extensions register their commands via the contributes.commands section in their package.json, making them discoverable and executable in the same interface. features in recent versions of Visual Studio Code include voice command support through the VS Code Speech extension, introduced in version 1.86 (January 2024), which enables activation via the "Hey Code" keyword for tasks like starting chat sessions. This local voice recognition system, configurable via settings like accessibility.voice.keywordActivation, supports options such as chatInView or inlineChat and displays a microphone icon in the when listening. Version 1.95 (October 2024) enhanced this with improved speech-to-text accuracy for integrations like Copilot Chat, using the updated Azure Speech SDK.

Extensibility and Customization

Extensions marketplace

The Visual Studio Code Extensions serves as the central hub for discovering and distributing add-ons that enhance the editor's capabilities, ranging from language support to productivity tools. Hosted officially at marketplace.visualstudio.com/vscode, it enables developers to browse, install, and manage extensions seamlessly integrated into VS Code. As of 2025, the hosts over 60,000 extensions, fostering a vibrant where individuals and organizations contribute specialized functionality. Extensions are installed directly through the Extensions view in VS Code, which provides search functionality, detailed previews, and one-click installation from the marketplace. Once installed, extensions receive automatic updates by default, ensuring users benefit from the latest features and fixes without manual intervention. Additionally, VS Code intelligently recommends extensions based on the programming languages and file types detected in the active workspace, helping developers quickly adopt relevant tools for their projects. Extensions can be enabled or disabled at different scopes: globally, per workspace, or temporarily for the current window. Enabling for the workspace persists the setting in the workspace configuration (e.g., .vscode/settings.json), ensuring the extension remains enabled across sessions. Enabling for the window is temporary and applies only to the current session, resetting upon closing the window. This distinction allows for persistent configuration in projects while providing flexibility for testing or multi-window workflows. Among the most widely adopted extensions are Prettier, which automatically formats code according to configurable style rules for languages like , , and CSS, and Live Server, which starts a local HTTP server with live reload capabilities for efficient previews. Extensions are organized into categories such as themes for interface customization, linters for enforcing code standards and identifying errors, and debuggers for advanced runtime inspection and breakpoints. These categories allow users to tailor VS Code to specific workflows, from front-end development to . Visual Studio Code is recommended for Flutter development due to its lightweight and fast performance, including quick startup times and low RAM usage, as well as its extensive community adoption. The official Flutter extension enhances VS Code with features such as code completion, hot reload and restart, live debugging, and device management. Its cross-platform support and straightforward setup via the Flutter and Dart extensions make it particularly suitable for beginners, solo developers, and tasks involving iteration on sensor code and user interfaces. For Flutter projects, enabling the extension for the workspace is recommended to ensure consistent access to features like hot reload, debugging, and widget inspector across sessions, while enabling for the window is temporary and better suited for troubleshooting or temporary use. To mitigate risks from third-party code, the incorporates robust security measures, including automated and scans on every extension package before . Extension signing, which verifies the authenticity and integrity of extensions using digital signatures applied by the marketplace upon upload, was introduced in January 2023 to prevent tampering. Furthermore, ongoing scanning detects potential security flaws in extension code, with proactive reviews removing malicious submissions; for instance, in the first half of 2025 alone, over 100 such extensions were identified and blocked. Developers can create their own extensions using the official Yeoman generator. To get started, install Yeoman and the VS Code Extension generator globally with npm install -g yo generator-code, then run yo code to scaffold a new extension project. Begin with a simple command implementation, and gradually add user interface elements as needed. Extensions can be tested locally by launching the Extension Development Host via F5 in VS Code. Once developed, extensions can be published to the Marketplace for distribution. For inspiration, developers can study open-source extensions such as GitLens and Better Comments, particularly focusing on niches within specific programming languages or technology stacks.

Themes, settings, and AI integrations

Visual Studio Code allows users to personalize the editor through a comprehensive settings system, primarily configured via the settings.json file. This file enables tweaks to elements such as font size, zoom levels, and editor behaviors like word wrap or bracket matching, with both global user settings and workspace-specific overrides supported. Users can access and edit settings.json directly using the Command Palette command "Preferences: Open User Settings (JSON)," facilitating precise customization without relying on the graphical Settings Editor. To maintain consistency across multiple machines, VS Code includes a built-in Settings Sync feature that shares configurations, including settings.json contents, keyboard shortcuts, and installed extensions, via a or account. This eliminates the need for third-party extensions for basic synchronization, though advanced users may still employ extensions for additional syncing options like GitHub Gists. For visual customization, VS Code supports a wide array of color themes that alter the editor's interface and , with options for light, dark, and high-contrast modes to suit different environments and needs. themes, available through the Extensions view, replace default file and folder icons with stylized packs, enhancing visual navigation in the Explorer sidebar. Semantic highlighting further refines code presentation by leveraging (LSP) data to apply context-aware colors to symbols, overriding basic for improved readability in supported languages. AI integrations in VS Code have evolved to include built-in support for code generation and assistance tools. , introduced as an extension in 2021, provides inline suggestions, autocompletions, and natural language-based implementations directly within the editor, powered by large language models. Other AI tools like the Cursor editor (a VS Code fork) and Codeium integrate via extensions, offering similar and chat functionalities for explanation and generation without requiring a full editor switch. Examples of Agent modes in VS Code include Continue.dev, an open-source extension providing flexible Agent mode with sidebar and inline integration for autonomous coding tasks using tools and permissions; Cursor, featuring strong Agent and Composer modes as a proprietary, premium-focused fork with cloud-based autonomous editing; and Copilot Agent, a guided, interactive mode tied to the Microsoft and GitHub ecosystem for local, background, or cloud operations. These Agent modes share characteristics such as native editor integration with sidebar chat, inline autocomplete, code highlighting, and visual diffs, along with polished UI elements like icons and themes, though model flexibility varies by tool and provider. In version 1.100 (April 2025), VS Code enhanced the with support for custom instructions and reusable prompts, enabling users to request explanations, refactoring suggestions, and tailored AI responses within the editor sidebar for more seamless workflows. In November 2025, announced the second milestone toward making VS Code an open source AI editor, further integrating AI tools natively.

Remote and Variant Access

Remote development options

Visual Studio Code supports remote development through a collection of extensions that enable , running, and code in remote environments, containers, or the (WSL) while maintaining a seamless, local-like interface. These tools install a VS Code Server on the target environment, which handles extension execution, terminal interactions, and file operations remotely, while forwarding the full —including IntelliSense, themes, and keybindings—to the local client for responsive . The Remote - SSH extension facilitates development on distant servers or virtual machines by establishing a secure connection over SSH, allowing users to open folders, install extensions, and execute commands directly on the remote host without needing to sync files locally. This setup supports for accessing remote services, such as web servers, as if they were running locally, and ensures that resource-intensive tasks like compilation occur on the server to optimize local machine usage. For container-based workflows, the Remote - Containers extension integrates with Docker to provide isolated development environments, leveraging the open Dev Containers specification to define reproducible setups. Originally spearheaded by Microsoft and now governed by an open-source specification maintained by the community, Dev Containers allow developers to define their entire development environment as a container image using a declarative configuration. The specification uses a .devcontainer.json file in the project root or a .devcontainer folder to configure elements such as the base container image (e.g., from Microsoft’s devcontainer images registry), required extensions, runtime settings, and features like automatic port exposure or post-create commands for installing dependencies. This approach ensures consistency across development teams by version-controlling the entire environment, including tools and libraries, and mounts the local workspace into the container for direct file editing. The underlying principles emphasize reproducibility and isolation, enabling developers to specify exact versions of languages, runtimes, and tools, which significantly boosts productivity by reducing setup time, minimizing environment discrepancies, and facilitating easier onboarding for new team members. For example, it eliminates "it works on my machine" issues by providing identical environments across local, remote, and cloud setups. Dev Containers also play a pivotal role as the backbone for cloud-based development environments, such as GitHub Codespaces, where the specification is used to provision and configure remote virtual machines with pre-defined development setups, allowing seamless transitions between local and cloud development. The Remote - WSL extension enables Windows users to develop -native applications by connecting to a WSL distribution, where the VS Code Server runs inside to provide full access to Unix toolchains, file systems, and binaries without compatibility issues or manual path translations. Developers can open WSL folders via the Command Palette or terminal integration, supporting features like operations and package management native to . These remote options extend core capabilities, such as basic , to the target environment by executing debuggers remotely while displaying results in the local UI. In version 1.85 (November 2023), updates enhanced integration with services by automatically installing extensions like in Dev Containers, streamlining workflows for cloud-based environments such as Codespaces.

Insiders build and web version

Visual Studio Code offers an Insiders build channel for developers seeking to upcoming features and fixes. This separate installation provides daily or nightly builds, distinct from the stable version, allowing users to test experimental capabilities without affecting their primary setup. Insiders maintains isolated settings, extensions, and configurations to ensure stability in the main environment. Users can opt in by downloading from the official Insiders page at code.visualstudio.com/insiders, available for Windows, macOS, and platforms. As of November 2025, the Insiders build is previewing version 1.107, building on prior releases like 1.105 (September 2025) with advanced AI-driven enhancements, including agent sessions for complex task planning, subagents for context management, and improved chat interactions for developer productivity. These previews enable early feedback on features such as enhanced OS-level integrations and task notifications before they reach stable release. Complementing the desktop variants, Visual Studio Code provides a web-based version accessible at vscode.dev, launched in October 2021 as a , browser-hosted editor. This iteration supports core editing tasks without requiring installation, relying on browser storage for files and configurations to facilitate quick access on any device with a modern . It enables opening and editing code directly in the browser, ideal for sessions or environments where desktop installation is impractical. The web version has specific limitations to accommodate constraints. Native debugging is not fully supported, and extensions operate within a restricted sandbox, limiting them primarily to declarative types like themes and snippets rather than those needing system-level access. For fuller repository-based editing, including enhanced extension support, users can access github.dev, which integrates VS Code's interface with repositories while adhering to web-compatible extensions. Remote development extensions can extend web functionality in connected environments, but core web usage remains focused on installation-free editing.

Reception and Adoption

Usage statistics and surveys

Visual Studio Code has achieved widespread adoption among developers worldwide, consistently ranking as the most popular code editor and (IDE) in major industry surveys. In the 2025 Stack Overflow Developer Survey, which garnered responses from over 49,000 developers, 75.9% reported using VS Code, more than double the usage rate of the next most popular tool, at 29%. This marks the fifth consecutive year that VS Code has topped the list of development environments, underscoring its enduring appeal across diverse programming roles and technologies. The survey highlights VS Code's particular dominance in , reflecting its lightweight design and robust support for front-end workflows. Similarly, the JetBrains State of Developer Ecosystem 2025 report, based on over 24,500 respondents and released in October 2025, indicates that VS Code continues to hold a leading position among IDEs and editors, particularly in cross-platform and open-source projects, with stable usage in areas like Go development. These figures illustrate VS Code's versatility, with higher adoption rates in dynamic fields like web and mobile development compared to traditional enterprise languages. Key drivers of this growth include VS Code's free and open-source licensing under the , which lowers barriers to entry for individuals and organizations, and its expansive extensions marketplace, which has facilitated over 3.3 billion installs as of 2024, enabling tailored integrations for enterprise environments such as Azure DevOps and . This ecosystem has propelled enterprise adoption, with surveys showing increased use in large-scale teams for its remote development capabilities and compatibility with pipelines, contributing to its status as a standard tool in modern .

Criticisms and community feedback

Visual Studio Code has faced criticism for performance issues, particularly on large projects, stemming from its reliance on the framework, which bundles a browser engine and results in high resource consumption. Users frequently report RAM usage exceeding 500 MB even for basic operations, with instances of 2 GB or more in complex workspaces, leading to slowdowns and unresponsiveness. These problems are exacerbated in multi-root workspaces or when numerous extensions are active, as Electron's overhead amplifies memory demands during tasks like code indexing or . To address these concerns, has introduced performance optimizations in recent releases, including efforts toward of code and extensions to reduce initial startup times and idle resource usage. For instance, the May 2025 update (version 1.101) delivered significant speedups in search keyword suggestions, approximately 5x faster than prior versions, while ongoing work on deferring non-critical imports aims to mitigate 's footprint. The September 2025 release (version 1.105) further refined UI performance for features like chat sessions, though users note that fundamental limitations persist for very large codebases. Privacy concerns have arisen regarding VS Code's built-in , which collects usage data by default to inform product improvements, such as error reporting and feature adoption metrics. While users can via settings, critics argue this model raises worries, prompting alternatives like VSCodium, a community-driven, telemetry-free fork of VS Code built from the open-source codebase under the MIT License and available at https://vscodium.com/.[](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/configure/telemetry)[](https://visualstudiomagazine.com/articles/2019/04/17/vscodium.aspx)[](https://vscodium.com/) Extension security vulnerabilities have also drawn scrutiny; in 2023, researchers identified flaws in token storage that exposed sensitive credentials in over 100 extensions, alongside risks in third-party add-ons like GitLens. Community feedback, reflected in the VS Code GitHub repository's over 200,000 total issues (including closed ones), highlights strong praise for its extensibility model, which allows seamless integration of custom functionality through APIs shared with core features. However, developers have repeatedly called for enhanced offline support, citing challenges with extension installations and remote features in disconnected environments. In comparisons to lightweight editors like Vim and , VS Code is often critiqued for lacking native modal editing, which enables efficient navigation and manipulation without a , a hallmark of those tools' keyboard-centric workflows. Despite this, it receives acclaim for accessibility features, such as integration and high-contrast themes, making it more approachable for users with disabilities compared to the steeper learning curves of Vim or .

References

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