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August 28: The Treaty of London concludes the Anglo-Spanish War
1604 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1604
MDCIV
Ab urbe condita2357
Armenian calendar1053
ԹՎ ՌԾԳ
Assyrian calendar6354
Balinese saka calendar1525–1526
Bengali calendar1010–1011
Berber calendar2554
English Regnal year1 Ja. 1 – 2 Ja. 1
Buddhist calendar2148
Burmese calendar966
Byzantine calendar7112–7113
Chinese calendar癸卯年 (Water Rabbit)
4301 or 4094
    — to —
甲辰年 (Wood Dragon)
4302 or 4095
Coptic calendar1320–1321
Discordian calendar2770
Ethiopian calendar1596–1597
Hebrew calendar5364–5365
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1660–1661
 - Shaka Samvat1525–1526
 - Kali Yuga4704–4705
Holocene calendar11604
Igbo calendar604–605
Iranian calendar982–983
Islamic calendar1012–1013
Japanese calendarKeichō 9
(慶長９年)
Javanese calendar1524–1525
Julian calendarGregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar3937
Minguo calendar308 before ROC
民前308年
Nanakshahi calendar136
Thai solar calendar2146–2147
Tibetan calendarཆུ་མོ་ཡོས་ལོ་
(female Water-Hare)
1730 or 1349 or 577
    — to —
ཤིང་ཕོ་འབྲུག་ལོ་
(male Wood-Dragon)
1731 or 1350 or 578

1604 (MDCIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1604th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 604th year of the 2nd millennium, the 4th year of the 17th century, and the 5th year of the 1600s decade. As of the start of 1604, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

[edit]

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]
  • April 9 – On the first day of the new year 966 M.E. on the Burmese calendar, King Nyaungyan Min of Burma makes a triumphant return to his capital at Inwa after his victory in the war against the principality of Mongnai (Monē), one of the Shan States between Burma and Siam
  • April 17 – Tsar Dmitry of Russia makes a public conversion to Roman Catholicism in order to attract the aid of Jesuits in his attempt to rule all of Russia.
  • April 18 – Maurice of Nassau assembles a combined army of 7,000 Dutch and 4,000 English soldiers to make an attack on the Spanish Netherlands (now Belgium).
  • May 19 – Maurice of Nassau begins the Siege of Sluis, a port in the Spanish Netherlands, with 11,000 Dutch and English troops. Despite reinforcements from Spanish relief troops, the city surrenders after three months, with both sides having lost hundreds of casualties.
  • May 20
    • Five conspirators in England, led by Robert Catesby, who has invited Thomas Wintour, John Wright, Thomas Percy and Guy Fawkes, meet at the Duck and Drake Inn in London to make a plan for the assassination of King James.[5]
    • Peace discussions between England and Spain begin at Somerset House in London to end the Anglo-Spanish War after 19 years of fighting.
  • May 22 – English entrepreneur Charles Leigh and a crew of 46 arrive in South America at what is now the Oyapock River in French Guiana after traveling on the ship Olive Plant. The 35 men and boys who stay create a colonial settlement which they call Oliveleigh, and make a claim to all of the area.
  • June 9 – Thomas Percy, one of the English conspirators in the Gunpowder Plot to assassinate King James I, is appointed as one of the king's bodyguards by the Earl of Northumberland.
  • June 15 – Ottoman–Safavid War: General Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha, commander of the eastern Ottoman Army, leads troops on a march from Constantinople to fight the Persia's Safavid Army in Armenia, but arrives too late to save the city of Yerevan.
  • June – Ottoman–Safavid War (1603–18): Shāh Abbas I of Persia's Safavid army captures the city of Yerevan from the Ottoman Empire after a siege. At this time the Shāh begins the expulsion of Armenians from Jolfa to New Julfa in his capital of Isfahan; more than 25,000 die during the exodus.

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

Religion

[edit]

Births

[edit]
Johann Rudolf Glauber
Tokugawa Iemitsu

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

Probable

[edit]

Deaths

[edit]
Catherine de Bourbon
John Whitgift
Gaspar de Bono
Hamida Banu Begum
Ercole, Lord of Monaco

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

1604

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The year 1604 marked the end of the nineteen-year Anglo-Spanish War through the Treaty of London, signed on 18 August (Old Style) following negotiations at in , which restored peace between and after conflicts including the Spanish Armada's defeat in 1588. This diplomatic resolution, initiated under the auspices of Archduke Albert and King James I, alleviated fiscal strains on both nations and facilitated a cessation of privateering and colonial hostilities, though underlying religious and imperial tensions persisted. Concurrently, the year witnessed significant cultural milestones, such as the first recorded performance of William Shakespeare's on 1 November at Whitehall Palace before King James I, a exploring themes of and that has endured as one of his major works. In ecclesiastical affairs, 1604 saw the death of , , on 29 February at , concluding his tenure marked by rigorous enforcement of Anglican conformity against Puritan dissenters during Elizabeth I's reign. The opening of the Parliament of 1604–1610 in March further defined the , addressing issues like union with and religious policy amid the transition from Tudor to Stuart rule. On the scientific front, the birth of on 10 March in Karlstadt laid groundwork for later advancements in chemistry, as he would pioneer practical chemical processes including the isolation of . These events collectively underscored 1604's role in stabilizing European powers while fostering artistic and intellectual developments.

Events

January–March

On February 29, , who had served as since 1583, died at in at about age 74. His tenure under and early James I involved enforcing ecclesiastical conformity amid Puritan challenges and the transition to the new monarch's policies on church governance. Whitgift's death occurred during initial reforms under James I, who sought to balance Anglican authority with Scottish presbyterian influences, though no specific cause beyond natural decline is recorded in contemporary accounts. On March 13, Arnaud d'Ossat, French cardinal and appointed of in 1600, died in at age 66 following a brief illness. D'Ossat had played a key role in diplomatic efforts, including negotiations facilitating Henry IV's reconciliation with the after his conversion. His passing marked the end of a career bridging French royal interests and papal relations during a period of religious tensions in Europe. Other documented deaths included January 17, when Italian lutenist and composer Santino Garsi da Parma died at 61, contributing to the era's musical landscape but outside major diplomatic or ecclesiastical spheres. On March 4, Fausto Paolo Sozzini, Italian theologian and proponent of —an anti-Trinitarian doctrine challenging orthodox Christianity—died at 64, influencing radical reformist thought amid broader confessional conflicts. These events reflect the mortality among intellectual and religious figures in early 1604, without evidence of unusual patterns or causes.

April–June

On June 24, 1604, Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, died at his residence, King's Place, in Newington, , , at age 54. As —a hereditary office he held from 1603—de Vere exerted significant influence in the royal household under James I, managing ceremonial aspects of court life and participating in deliberations. His earlier career under included military service against Catholic rebels in the and , as well as patronage of literary figures and involvement in court entertainments, reflecting his status among the despite financial strains from lawsuits and estates management. The remains unspecified in contemporary records but aligns with ailments common to the era's aristocracy, such as those from chronic illness or debility. De Vere's passing marked the end of a turbulent noble lineage; he was buried privately on July 6, 1604, in the chancel of St. Augustine's Church, Hackney, with minimal public ceremony, consistent with his estranged relations at in later years. His son, Henry de Vere, succeeded as 18th Earl, inheriting diminished estates but retaining the family's ceremonial role. No other prominently documented deaths of equivalent historical figures occurred in this quarter, underscoring de Vere's prominence amid ongoing European conflicts and colonial ventures.

July–September

On July 14, Gaspar de Bono, a Spanish friar of the Minim order and former soldier who served as vicar provincial in , died at age 74. His passing created a vacancy in the provincial leadership of the Minims, prompting reorganization within the order's Spanish province. In late August, Giovanni Giovenale Ancina, the newly appointed Bishop of and an Oratorian priest known for his theological writings and musical compositions, succumbed to suspected poisoning on August 30 at age 58. Ancina's brief episcopate, which began earlier that month, ended abruptly, leaving the diocese without leadership and fueling investigations into his death amid local tensions. On September 10, William Morgan, Bishop of Llandaff and St. Asaph who had translated the Bible into Welsh in 1588, died at his parish in St. Asaph. His demise vacated two key Welsh sees, with his scholarly work on biblical revisions continued posthumously by successors like Bishop Richard Parry, preserving its influence on Welsh religious literacy. Also on September 10, Hamida Banu Begum, the Mughal empress dowager and mother of Emperor Akbar, died at age 77 in India. Her death marked the end of a pivotal figure in the Mughal court but elicited no immediate succession disputes given her retired status. On September 12, Louis Günther, Count of Nassau-Katzenelnbogen and a Dutch lieutenant fighting in the Eighty Years' War, was killed in action near Sluis at age 29. His battlefield death during skirmishes following the fall of Ostend shifted minor command responsibilities in the United Provinces' forces and led to inheritance claims within the Nassau lineage.

October–December

On October 24, Emperor Za Dengel of Ethiopia was killed in battle by forces led by Ras Za Sellase, a noble who then restored the previous emperor Yaqob to the throne amid ongoing succession struggles following the death of Sarsa Dengel in 1597. This event marked the culmination of internal conflicts exacerbated by Za Dengel's pro-Catholic policies and alliances with Portuguese missionaries, which alienated traditionalist Ethiopian Orthodox factions. On November 1, William Shakespeare's tragedy received its first recorded performance at Whitehall Palace before King James I, as documented in the accounts of the . The play, likely composed earlier in 1604, drew from contemporary sources including Leo Africanus's descriptions of and explored themes of and racial prejudice through its Moorish . On December 29, an of estimated magnitude 8.0 struck offshore near in Province, , in the , causing mountains to shake and surges in the sea that affected coastal areas. Historical records indicate the event's intensity led to structural damage and localized disruptions, though no precise casualty figures are documented.

Date unknown

Lai Zhide (1525–1604), a Neo-Confucian philosopher during the , died in 1604 at an unknown date within the year. Known for his systematic commentary on the Yijing (Book of Changes), he integrated cosmological diagrams, including an early influential form of the representing taiji as interlocking black-and-white spirals with dots, which shaped subsequent visual and philosophical interpretations of yin-yang duality. His work emphasized metaphysical principles derived from classical texts, prioritizing empirical observation of natural patterns alongside rational synthesis, though primary records like the Ming Shi provide no precise death date, reflecting typical gaps in personal chronologies for scholars of the era absent imperial notices or local gazetteers.

Births

January–March

On February 29, , who had served as since 1583, died at in at about age 74. His tenure under and early James I involved enforcing ecclesiastical conformity amid Puritan challenges and the transition to the new monarch's policies on church governance. Whitgift's death occurred during initial reforms under James I, who sought to balance Anglican authority with Scottish presbyterian influences, though no specific cause beyond natural decline is recorded in contemporary accounts. On March 13, Arnaud d'Ossat, French cardinal and appointed of in 1600, died in at age 66 following a brief illness. D'Ossat had played a key role in diplomatic efforts, including negotiations facilitating Henry IV's reconciliation with the after his conversion. His passing marked the end of a career bridging French royal interests and papal relations during a period of religious tensions in Europe. Other documented deaths included January 17, when Italian lutenist and composer Santino Garsi da Parma died at 61, contributing to the era's musical landscape but outside major diplomatic or ecclesiastical spheres. On March 4, Fausto Paolo Sozzini, Italian theologian and proponent of —an anti-Trinitarian doctrine challenging orthodox Christianity—died at 64, influencing radical reformist thought amid broader confessional conflicts. These events reflect the mortality among intellectual and religious figures in early 1604, without evidence of unusual patterns or causes.

April–June

On June 24, 1604, Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, died at his residence, King's Place, in Newington, Middlesex, England, at age 54. As Lord Great Chamberlain—a hereditary office he held from 1603—de Vere exerted significant influence in the royal household under James I, managing ceremonial aspects of court life and participating in privy council deliberations. His earlier career under Elizabeth I included military service against Catholic rebels in the Low Countries and Ireland, as well as patronage of literary figures and involvement in court entertainments, reflecting his status among the nobility despite financial strains from lawsuits and estates management. The cause of death remains unspecified in contemporary records but aligns with ailments common to the era's aristocracy, such as those from chronic illness or debility. De Vere's passing marked the end of a turbulent noble lineage; he was buried privately on July 6, 1604, in the chancel of St. Augustine's Church, Hackney, with minimal public ceremony, consistent with his estranged relations at in later years. His son, Henry de Vere, succeeded as 18th Earl, inheriting diminished estates but retaining the family's ceremonial role. No other prominently documented deaths of equivalent historical figures occurred in this quarter, underscoring de Vere's prominence amid ongoing European conflicts and colonial ventures.

July–September

On July 14, Gaspar de Bono, a Spanish friar of the Minim order and former soldier who served as vicar provincial in , died at age 74. His passing created a vacancy in the provincial leadership of the Minims, prompting reorganization within the order's Spanish province. In late August, Giovanni Giovenale Ancina, the newly appointed Bishop of and an Oratorian priest known for his theological writings and musical compositions, succumbed to suspected poisoning on August 30 at age 58. Ancina's brief episcopate, which began earlier that month, ended abruptly, leaving the diocese without leadership and fueling investigations into his death amid local tensions. On September 10, William Morgan, Bishop of Llandaff and St. Asaph who had translated the Bible into Welsh in 1588, died at his parish in St. Asaph. His demise vacated two key Welsh sees, with his scholarly work on biblical revisions continued posthumously by successors like Bishop Richard Parry, preserving its influence on Welsh religious literacy. Also on September 10, Hamida Banu Begum, the Mughal empress dowager and mother of Emperor Akbar, died at age 77 in India. Her death marked the end of a pivotal figure in the Mughal court but elicited no immediate succession disputes given her retired status. On September 12, Louis Günther, Count of Nassau-Katzenelnbogen and a Dutch lieutenant fighting in the , was killed in action near at age 29. His battlefield death during skirmishes following the fall of shifted minor command responsibilities in the United Provinces' forces and led to inheritance claims within the Nassau lineage.

October–December

On October 24, Za Dengel of was killed in battle by forces led by Ras Za Sellase, a noble who then restored the previous emperor Yaqob to the amid ongoing succession struggles following the of Sarsa Dengel in 1597. This event marked the culmination of internal conflicts exacerbated by Za Dengel's pro-Catholic policies and alliances with Portuguese missionaries, which alienated traditionalist Ethiopian Orthodox factions. On November 1, William Shakespeare's tragedy received its first recorded performance at Whitehall Palace before King James I, as documented in the accounts of the . The play, likely composed earlier in 1604, drew from contemporary sources including Leo Africanus's descriptions of and explored themes of and racial prejudice through its Moorish . On December 29, an of estimated magnitude 8.0 struck offshore near in Province, , in the , causing mountains to shake and surges in the sea that affected coastal areas. Historical records indicate the event's intensity led to structural damage and localized disruptions, though no precise casualty figures are documented.

Date unknown

Lai Zhide (1525–1604), a Neo-Confucian philosopher during the , died in 1604 at an unknown date within the year. Known for his systematic commentary on the Yijing (Book of Changes), he integrated cosmological diagrams, including an early influential form of the representing taiji as interlocking black-and-white spirals with dots, which shaped subsequent visual and philosophical interpretations of yin-yang duality. His work emphasized metaphysical principles derived from classical texts, prioritizing empirical observation of natural patterns alongside rational synthesis, though primary records like the Ming Shi provide no precise death date, reflecting typical gaps in personal chronologies for scholars of the era absent imperial notices or local gazetteers.

Deaths

January–March

On February 29, , who had served as since 1583, died at in at about age 74. His tenure under and early James I involved enforcing ecclesiastical conformity amid Puritan challenges and the transition to the new monarch's policies on church governance. Whitgift's death occurred during initial reforms under James I, who sought to balance Anglican authority with Scottish presbyterian influences, though no specific cause beyond natural decline is recorded in contemporary accounts. On March 13, Arnaud d'Ossat, French cardinal and diplomat appointed Bishop of Bayeux in 1600, died in Rome at age 66 following a brief illness. D'Ossat had played a key role in diplomatic efforts, including negotiations facilitating Henry IV's reconciliation with the Catholic Church after his conversion. His passing marked the end of a career bridging French royal interests and papal relations during a period of religious tensions in Europe. Other documented deaths included January 17, when Italian lutenist and composer Santino Garsi da Parma died at 61, contributing to the era's musical landscape but outside major diplomatic or ecclesiastical spheres. On March 4, Fausto Paolo Sozzini, Italian theologian and proponent of —an anti-Trinitarian doctrine challenging orthodox Christianity—died at 64, influencing radical reformist thought amid broader confessional conflicts. These events reflect the mortality among intellectual and religious figures in early 1604, without evidence of unusual patterns or causes.

April–June

On June 24, 1604, Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, died at his residence, King's Place, in Newington, , , at age 54. As —a hereditary office he held from 1603—de Vere exerted significant influence in the royal household under James I, managing ceremonial aspects of court life and participating in deliberations. His earlier career under included military service against Catholic rebels in the and , as well as patronage of literary figures and involvement in court entertainments, reflecting his status among the nobility despite financial strains from lawsuits and estates management. The cause of death remains unspecified in contemporary records but aligns with ailments common to the era's aristocracy, such as those from chronic illness or debility. De Vere's passing marked the end of a turbulent noble lineage; he was buried privately on July 6, 1604, in the chancel of St. Augustine's Church, Hackney, with minimal public ceremony, consistent with his estranged relations at court in later years. His son, Henry de Vere, succeeded as 18th Earl, inheriting diminished estates but retaining the family's ceremonial role. No other prominently documented deaths of equivalent historical figures occurred in this quarter, underscoring de Vere's prominence amid ongoing European conflicts and colonial ventures.

July–September

On July 14, Gaspar de Bono, a Spanish friar of the Minim order and former soldier who served as vicar provincial in , died at age 74. His passing created a vacancy in the provincial leadership of the Minims, prompting reorganization within the order's Spanish province. In late August, Giovanni Giovenale Ancina, the newly appointed Bishop of and an Oratorian priest known for his theological writings and musical compositions, succumbed to suspected poisoning on August 30 at age 58. Ancina's brief episcopate, which began earlier that month, ended abruptly, leaving the diocese without leadership and fueling investigations into his death amid local tensions. On September 10, William Morgan, Bishop of and who had translated the into Welsh in 1588, died at his parish in . His demise vacated two key Welsh sees, with his scholarly work on biblical revisions continued posthumously by successors like Bishop Richard Parry, preserving its influence on Welsh religious literacy. Also on September 10, , the Mughal empress dowager and mother of Emperor , died at age 77 in . Her death marked the end of a pivotal figure in the Mughal court but elicited no immediate succession disputes given her retired status. On September 12, Louis Günther, Count of Nassau-Katzenelnbogen and a Dutch lieutenant fighting in the Eighty Years' War, was killed in action near Sluis at age 29. His battlefield death during skirmishes following the fall of Ostend shifted minor command responsibilities in the United Provinces' forces and led to inheritance claims within the Nassau lineage.

October–December

On October 24, Emperor Za Dengel of Ethiopia was killed in battle by forces led by Ras Za Sellase, a noble who then restored the previous emperor Yaqob to the throne amid ongoing succession struggles following the death of Sarsa Dengel in 1597. This event marked the culmination of internal conflicts exacerbated by Za Dengel's pro-Catholic policies and alliances with Portuguese missionaries, which alienated traditionalist Ethiopian Orthodox factions. On November 1, William Shakespeare's tragedy received its first recorded performance at Whitehall Palace before King James I, as documented in the accounts of the . The play, likely composed earlier in 1604, drew from contemporary sources including Leo Africanus's descriptions of and explored themes of and racial prejudice through its Moorish . On December 29, an of estimated magnitude 8.0 struck offshore near in Province, , in the , causing mountains to shake and surges in the sea that affected coastal areas. Historical records indicate the event's intensity led to structural damage and localized disruptions, though no precise casualty figures are documented.

Date unknown

Lai Zhide (1525–1604), a Neo-Confucian philosopher during the , died in 1604 at an unknown date within the year. Known for his systematic commentary on the Yijing (Book of Changes), he integrated cosmological diagrams, including an early influential form of the representing taiji as interlocking black-and-white spirals with dots, which shaped subsequent visual and philosophical interpretations of yin-yang duality. His work emphasized metaphysical principles derived from classical texts, prioritizing empirical observation of natural patterns alongside rational synthesis, though primary records like the Ming Shi provide no precise death date, reflecting typical gaps in personal chronologies for scholars of the era absent imperial notices or local gazetteers.

References

  1. https://academic.oup.com/histres/article/96/274/459/7205937
  2. https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-14260
  3. https://shakespearedocumented.folger.edu/plays-poetry/othello
  4. https://thetudortravelguide.com/john-whitgift-archbishop-of-canterbury/
  5. https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/survey/parliament-1604-1610
  6. https://galileo.library.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/glauber.html
  7. https://www.tudorsociety.com/29-february-elizabeth-is-white-gift-and-little-black-husband/
  8. https://www.onthisday.com/deaths/date/1604
  9. https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bdossat.html
  10. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/biog182169
  11. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-de-Vere-17th-earl-of-Oxford
  12. https://spartacus-educational.com/Edward_de_Vere.htm
  13. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/35858905/edward-de_vere
  14. https://anastpaul.com/2021/07/14/saint-of-the-day-14-july-blessed-gaspar-de-bono-om-1530-1604/
  15. https://oratory-toronto.org/heroes/blessed-juvenal-ancina/
  16. https://anastpaul.com/2020/08/30/saint-of-the-day-30-august-blessed-giovanni-giovenale-ancina-co-1545-1604-bishop/
  17. https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/waleshistory/2010/09/death_of_bishop_morgan_welsh_bible.html
  18. https://biography.wales/article/s-MORG-WIL-1545
  19. https://encyclopaediaafricana.com/susneyos/
  20. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.4324/9781315762661-13/za-dengel-asn%25C4%2581f-sagad-ii-wallis-budge
  21. https://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/doc/Oth_PerfHistory/index.html
  22. https://www.rsc.org.uk/othello/past-productions/dates-and-sources
  23. https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-more-info/3548
  24. http://tao.cgu.org.tw/index.php/articles/archive/geophysics/item/1749-2021010401t
  25. https://ctext.org/datawiki.pl?if=en&res=647197
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