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February 9
February 9
February 9
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February 9 in recent years
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February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 325 days remain until the end of the year (326 in leap years).

Events

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Pre-1600

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1601–1900

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1901–present

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Births

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Pre-1600

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1601–1900

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1901–present

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Deaths

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Pre-1600

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1601–1900

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1901–present

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Holidays and observances

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Further information: February 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

References

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Bibliography

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Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

February 9

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from Grokipedia
February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the , leaving 325 days until year's end (326 in ). This date features several landmark events, including the conclusion of the on February 9, 1943, when U.S. forces secured the island after six months of intense fighting against Japanese troops in the Pacific theater of , marking a turning point toward Allied offensive momentum. In 1950, U.S. Senator delivered a speech in , alleging widespread communist infiltration in the State Department, igniting the era known as McCarthyism and the Second Red Scare amid tensions. On February 9, 1964, performed on , attracting an audience of approximately 73 million Americans and catalyzing the in U.S. . Earlier, the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States elected as its president on this date in 1861, formalizing leadership amid the American Civil War's onset. Additional occurrences include the 1895 invention of by in , as an indoor alternative to for members.

Events

Pre-1600

In 474, Byzantine Emperor Leo II, who had ascended the throne at age seven following the death of his grandfather Leo I on January 18, elevated his father Zeno—an Isaurian general and consul of 469—to the rank of co-Augustus on February 9, effectively placing administrative power in Zeno's hands amid the empire's internal and external pressures. This arrangement lasted until Leo II's death later that year, after which Zeno ruled alone, though his Isaurian origins fueled ongoing factional tensions in Constantinople. On February 9, 1267, the of Breslau (modern ) in decreed that residing there must wear distinctive cone-shaped hats to facilitate identification and segregation from , reviving earlier customs amid declining voluntary adherence to such markers and reflecting broader medieval ecclesiastical efforts to enforce visual distinctions on Jewish communities. The measure, part of a series of provincial synodal regulations, aligned with contemporaneous policies in regions like but predated more widespread badge mandates, such as those later imposed by papal bulls.

1601–1900

On February 9, 1621, Alessandro Ludovisi was elected pope, taking the name Gregory XV; he was the last pontiff chosen by acclamation rather than . Spanish forces captured Fort de Rocher on Tortuga Island from French buccaneers on February 9, 1654, during the Franco-Spanish War, employing a siege battery and 700 soldiers to overrun the defenses amid broader Anglo-Spanish hostilities in the . The British Parliament declared the Massachusetts colony to be in a state of rebellion on February 9, 1775, authorizing troops to use lethal force against suspected rebels in response to escalating colonial resistance following the Intolerable Acts. In the disputed 1824 United States presidential election, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president on February 9, 1825, after no candidate secured an Electoral College majority; Adams received support from 13 states to Andrew Jackson's 7 and Henry Clay's 4, amid accusations of a "corrupt bargain" involving Clay's appointment as secretary of state. Jefferson Davis was unanimously elected provisional president of the on February 9, 1861, by delegates from seceded Southern states meeting in , following the formation of the provisional government on February 8. William G. Morgan, physical education director at the Holyoke YMCA in , invented the game of —initially called "Mintonette"—on February 9, 1895, as a less physically demanding alternative to , using a net from and a bladder from a soccer ball. Dwight F. Davis offered a cup trophy on February 9, 1900, to inaugurate international tennis competition between the United States and Britain, establishing what became known as the challenge; the 36-pound trophy symbolized Davis's effort to promote the sport globally.

1901–present

On February 9, 1950, U.S. Senator delivered a speech in , to the Ohio County Women's Republican Club, in which he claimed to possess a list of 205 (later revised to 57 or 81) known communists employed by the State Department, accusing the Truman administration of treasonous leniency toward Soviet infiltration and igniting the Second , also known as McCarthyism. On February 9, 1960, approximately 100 students from in , led by theology student Charles Jones, initiated sit-in protests at eight segregated downtown lunch counters, including Woolworth's and Eckerd's, marking one of the first major expansions of the beyond Greensboro and contributing to the broader wave of nonviolent civil rights demonstrations that pressured businesses to desegregate. During , on February 9, 1942, Japanese forces completed amphibious landings on following initial assaults on February 8, overwhelming British defenses and setting the stage for the fortress's surrender on , resulting in the capture of over 80,000 Allied troops in Britain's largest capitulation to that point. On February 9, 1964, made their first live U.S. television appearance on , performing five songs including "I Want to Hold Your Hand" to an audience of 728 at CBS Studio 50 in , with the broadcast drawing an estimated 73 million viewers—about 45% of U.S. households—and catalyzing the American phase of and the in . On February 9, 2020, at the , the South Korean film Parasite, directed by Bong Joon-ho, won the Oscar for Best Picture, becoming the first non-English-language film to achieve this honor, along with awards for Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, and Best International Feature Film, highlighting a shift toward global recognition in the awards.

Births

Pre-1600

In 474, Byzantine Emperor Leo II, who had ascended the throne at age seven following the death of his grandfather Leo I on January 18, elevated his father Zeno—an Isaurian general and consul of 469—to the rank of co-Augustus on February 9, effectively placing administrative power in Zeno's hands amid the empire's internal and external pressures. This arrangement lasted until Leo II's death later that year, after which Zeno ruled alone, though his Isaurian origins fueled ongoing factional tensions in Constantinople. On February 9, 1267, the of Breslau (modern ) in decreed that residing there must wear distinctive cone-shaped hats to facilitate identification and segregation from , reviving earlier customs amid declining voluntary adherence to such markers and reflecting broader medieval ecclesiastical efforts to enforce visual distinctions on Jewish communities. The measure, part of a series of provincial synodal regulations, aligned with contemporaneous policies in regions like but predated more widespread badge mandates, such as those later imposed by papal bulls.

1601–1900

On February 9, 1621, Alessandro Ludovisi was elected pope, taking the name Gregory XV; he was the last pontiff chosen by acclamation rather than . Spanish forces captured Fort de Rocher on Tortuga Island from French buccaneers on February 9, 1654, during the Franco-Spanish War, employing a battery and 700 soldiers to overrun the defenses amid broader Anglo-Spanish hostilities in the . The British Parliament declared the Massachusetts colony to be in a state of on February 9, 1775, authorizing troops to use lethal force against suspected rebels in response to escalating colonial resistance following the . In the disputed 1824 United States presidential election, the elected as president on February 9, 1825, after no candidate secured an majority; Adams received support from 13 states to Andrew Jackson's 7 and Henry Clay's 4, amid accusations of a "corrupt bargain" involving Clay's appointment as . Jefferson Davis was unanimously elected provisional president of the on February 9, 1861, by delegates from seceded Southern states meeting in , following the formation of the provisional government on February 8. , physical education director at the in , invented the game of —initially called "Mintonette"—on February 9, 1895, as a less physically demanding alternative to , using a net from and a bladder from a soccer ball. Dwight F. Davis offered a cup trophy on February 9, 1900, to inaugurate international tennis competition between the United States and Britain, establishing what became known as the challenge; the 36-pound trophy symbolized Davis's effort to promote the sport globally.

1901–present

On February 9, 1950, U.S. Senator delivered a speech in , to the Ohio County Women's Republican Club, in which he claimed to possess a list of 205 (later revised to 57 or 81) known communists employed by the State Department, accusing the Truman administration of treasonous leniency toward Soviet infiltration and igniting the Second , also known as McCarthyism. On February 9, 1960, approximately 100 students from in , led by theology student Charles Jones, initiated protests at eight segregated downtown lunch counters, including Woolworth's and Eckerd's, marking one of the first major expansions of the beyond Greensboro and contributing to the broader wave of nonviolent civil rights demonstrations that pressured businesses to desegregate. During , on February 9, 1942, Japanese forces completed amphibious landings on following initial assaults on February 8, overwhelming British defenses and setting the stage for the fortress's surrender on , resulting in the capture of over 80,000 Allied troops in Britain's largest capitulation to that point. On February 9, 1964, made their first live U.S. television appearance on , performing five songs including "I Want to Hold Your Hand" to an audience of 728 at CBS Studio 50 in , with the broadcast drawing an estimated 73 million viewers—about 45% of U.S. households—and catalyzing the American phase of and the in . On February 9, 2020, at the , the South Korean film Parasite, directed by Bong Joon-ho, won the Oscar for Best Picture, becoming the first non-English-language film to achieve this honor, along with awards for Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, and Best International Feature Film, highlighting a shift toward global recognition in the awards.

Deaths

Pre-1600

In 474, Byzantine Emperor Leo II, who had ascended the throne at age seven following the death of his grandfather Leo I on January 18, elevated his father Zeno—an Isaurian general and of 469—to the rank of co-Augustus on February 9, effectively placing administrative power in Zeno's hands amid the empire's internal and external pressures. This arrangement lasted until Leo II's death later that year, after which Zeno ruled alone, though his Isaurian origins fueled ongoing factional tensions in . On February 9, 1267, the of Breslau (modern ) in decreed that residing there must wear distinctive cone-shaped hats to facilitate identification and segregation from , reviving earlier customs amid declining voluntary adherence to such markers and reflecting broader medieval ecclesiastical efforts to enforce visual distinctions on Jewish communities. The measure, part of a series of provincial synodal regulations, aligned with contemporaneous policies in regions like but predated more widespread badge mandates, such as those later imposed by papal bulls.

1601–1900

On February 9, 1621, Alessandro Ludovisi was elected pope, taking the name Gregory XV; he was the last pontiff chosen by acclamation rather than . Spanish forces captured Fort de Rocher on Tortuga Island from French buccaneers on February 9, 1654, during the Franco-Spanish War, employing a battery and 700 soldiers to overrun the defenses amid broader Anglo-Spanish hostilities in the . The British Parliament declared the Massachusetts colony to be in a state of on February 9, 1775, authorizing troops to use lethal force against suspected rebels in response to escalating colonial resistance following the . In the disputed , the elected as president on February 9, 1825, after no candidate secured an majority; Adams received support from 13 states to Andrew Jackson's 7 and Henry Clay's 4, amid accusations of a "corrupt bargain" involving Clay's appointment as . Jefferson Davis was unanimously elected provisional president of the Confederate States of America on February 9, 1861, by delegates from seceded Southern states meeting in , following the formation of the provisional government on February 8. William G. Morgan, physical education director at the Holyoke YMCA in Massachusetts, invented the game of —initially called "Mintonette"—on February 9, 1895, as a less physically demanding alternative to , using a net from and a bladder from a soccer ball. Dwight F. Davis offered a cup trophy on February 9, 1900, to inaugurate international tennis competition between the United States and Britain, establishing what became known as the challenge; the 36-pound trophy symbolized Davis's effort to promote the sport globally.

1901–present

On February 9, 1950, U.S. Senator delivered a speech in , to the Ohio County Women's Republican Club, in which he claimed to possess a list of 205 (later revised to 57 or 81) known communists employed by the State Department, accusing the Truman administration of treasonous leniency toward Soviet infiltration and igniting the , also known as McCarthyism. On February 9, 1960, approximately 100 students from in , led by theology student Charles Jones, initiated protests at eight segregated downtown lunch counters, including Woolworth's and Eckerd's, marking one of the first major expansions of the beyond Greensboro and contributing to the broader wave of nonviolent civil rights demonstrations that pressured businesses to desegregate. During , on February 9, 1942, Japanese forces completed amphibious landings on following initial assaults on February 8, overwhelming British defenses and setting the stage for the fortress's surrender on , resulting in the capture of over 80,000 Allied troops in Britain's largest capitulation to that point. On February 9, 1964, made their first live U.S. television appearance on , performing five songs including "I Want to Hold Your Hand" to an audience of 728 at CBS Studio 50 in , with the broadcast drawing an estimated 73 million viewers—about 45% of U.S. households—and catalyzing the American phase of and the in . On February 9, 2020, at the , the South Korean film Parasite, directed by Bong Joon-ho, won the Oscar for Best Picture, becoming the first non-English-language film to achieve this honor, along with awards for Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, and Best International , highlighting a shift toward global recognition in the awards.

Holidays and observances

Secular holidays and observances

In the United States, February 9 is unofficially observed as National Pizza Day, promoting the enjoyment and cultural significance of as a widely consumed with roots in 18th-century , , where flatbreads topped with tomatoes and cheese were sold to laborers. The observance's exact origins remain undocumented, though it gained traction through promotional efforts by pizza chains and calendars in the early , coinciding with pizza's post-World War II boom in American popularity via returning soldiers and immigrant communities. The same date marks National Toothache Day, an awareness initiative highlighting the prevalence of odontalgia—pain from dental issues like decay or —and urging preventive measures such as brushing, flossing, and professional cleanings, as untreated toothaches can signal underlying problems affecting over 90% of adults worldwide via caries. These unofficial U.S.-centric days, tracked by private calendars rather than federal proclamation, reflect commercial and health advocacy trends rather than statutory holidays. Additional minor secular observances include National Bagel and Lox Day, celebrating the traditional Jewish-American breakfast of boiled bagels topped with smoked salmon (lox), cream cheese, and onions, which emerged in early 20th-century New York immigrant enclaves. National Cut the Cord Day, established in 2015, encourages consumers to switch from traditional cable television to streaming services amid rising cord-cutting rates exceeding 50% in U.S. households by 2023. No major international secular holidays are fixed on this date, though localized promotions for chocolate or reading in bathtubs appear sporadically in event listings.

Religious observances

In the Roman Catholic Church, February 9 marks the feast day of , a third-century virgin venerated for her endurance during anti-Christian violence in , . Historical accounts, preserved through Eusebius's Ecclesiastical History citing of , describe her seizure amid a local pagan uprising in 249 AD—preceding the empire-wide Decius —where rioters shattered her teeth with blows before threatening immolation unless she renounced Christ; she reportedly cast herself into the flames to affirm her faith. This event underscores early Christian resistance to mob violence rather than systematic imperial policy, with Apollonia's relics later distributed to churches in the West, including Porto, Italy, where her head is enshrined. Apollonia, often depicted in art holding tongs with a , serves as patroness against and of dentists, a role formalized by papal recognition and reflected in guild invocations from the medieval period onward. Her commemoration appears in the but is an optional memorial in the General , emphasizing personal devotion over obligatory liturgy. While some hagiographic details invite scrutiny—such as the precise mechanics of her death, debated as martyrdom versus self-inflicted to evade further —the core narrative from contemporary episcopal remains the primary attestation, absent contradictory primary evidence. Eastern Orthodox traditions observe February 9 (or equivalent Julian dates) with lesser commemorations, such as the monk Zacharias of or local saints, but lack a singular prominent figure akin to Apollonia in the West. No major observances in , , , or other faiths align fixedly with this Gregorian date, per interfaith calendars.

References

  1. https://www.timeanddate.com/on-this-day/february/9
  2. https://www.historyplace.com/specials/calendar/february.htm
  3. https://www.on-this-day.com/onthisday/thedays/alldays/feb09.htm
  4. https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/Historic-February/
  5. https://kidskonnect.com/history-timeline/february/day-9/
  6. https://roman-emperors.sites.luc.edu/zeno.htm
  7. https://www.unrv.com/emperors/zeno.php
  8. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4615188
  9. https://www.commentary.org/articles/bernard-weinryb/origins-of-east-european-jewrymyth-and-fact/
  10. https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bluda.html
  11. https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/thirst-for-treasure/
  12. https://alphahistory.com/americanrevolution/rebellion-declared-massachusetts-1775/
  13. https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1800-1850/The-House-of-Representatives-elected-John-Quincy-Adams-as-President/
  14. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/davis-jefferson-1808-1889/
  15. https://www.fivb.com/volleyball/the-game/history/
  16. https://www.onthisday.com/date/1900/february/9
  17. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/february-9/mccarthy-says-communists-are-in-state-department
  18. https://www.senate.gov/about/powers-procedures/investigations/mccarthy-hearings/communists-in-government-service.htm
  19. https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/university-students-campaign-racial-integration-charlotte-nc-1960
  20. https://www.cmstory.org/exhibits/african-american-album-volume-2/1960-greensboro-sit-sparks-protests-spread-across-south
  21. https://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-II/The-fall-of-Singapore
  22. https://www.edsullivan.com/artists/the-beatles/
  23. https://liveforlivemusic.com/news/beatles-ed-sullivan-1964/
  24. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/09/movies/parasite-movie-oscars-best-picture.html
  25. https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-51440241
  26. https://nationaltoday.com/national-pizza-day/
  27. https://www.nationaldaycalendar.com/national-day/national-pizza-day-february-9
  28. https://www.nationaldayarchives.com/day/national-pizza-day/
  29. https://www.nationaldaycalendar.com/national-day/national-toothache-day-february-9
  30. https://nationaltoday.com/national-toothache-day/
  31. https://www.nationaldaycalendar.com/february/february-9
  32. https://www.daysoftheyear.com/days/feb/09/
  33. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01617c.htm
  34. https://www.vaticannews.va/en/saints/02/09.html
  35. https://drexel.edu/provost/policies-calendars/religious-observances
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