Hubbry Logo
Fox Animation StudiosFox Animation StudiosMain
Open search
Fox Animation Studios
Community hub
Fox Animation Studios
logo
7 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Fox Animation Studios
Fox Animation Studios
Fox Animation Studios
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

Fox Animation Studios was an American animation studio owned by 20th Century Fox and located in Phoenix, Arizona. It was a subsidiary of 20th Century Fox Animation and was established by animators Don Bluth and Gary Goldman on August 8, 1994. It operated for six years, until the studio was shut down on June 26, 2000, ten days after the release of its final film, Titan A.E.. Most of the Fox Animation Studios library was later acquired by Disney (via 20th Century Studios) on March 20, 2019. Anastasia (1997) is the studio's most critically praised and commercially successful film, as well as the most commercially successful film by Bluth.

Key Information

History

[edit]

Founding

[edit]

After the financially unsuccessful release of the Don Bluth Entertainment-produced film Thumbelina on March 30, 1994, animators Don Bluth and Gary Goldman were hired by Bill Mechanic, then-chairman of 20th Century Fox, to create a brand new Fox animation studio.[2] Mechanic and John Matoian, president of Fox Family Films, also brought in Stephen Brain (Executive VP at Silver Pictures) as Senior VP/General Manager to oversee the startup of the studio and run day-to-day operations of the division.

The company was designed to compete with Walt Disney Feature Animation (owned by The Walt Disney Company – which would later acquire certain Fox assets in March 2019, including the rights to Fox Animation Studios' film library), which had phenomenal success during the late 1980s and early 1990s with the releases of films such as The Little Mermaid (1989), Beauty and the Beast (1991), Aladdin (1992) and The Lion King (1994). Disney veterans Bluth and Goldman came in 1994 to Fox from Sullivan Bluth Studios, which had produced The Secret of NIMH (1982), An American Tail (1986), The Land Before Time (1988), and All Dogs Go to Heaven (1989), among other films.[2]

Before Bluth came to Fox, the studio distributed three animated features during the 1990s which were produced by outside studios – FernGully: The Last Rainforest (1992), Once Upon a Forest (1993) and The Pagemaster (1994), the last two of which were both commercial and critical failures. Even before, Fox distributed Hugo the Hippo (1975) by William Feigenbaum and József Gémes, two Ralph Bakshi features, Wizards (1977) and Fire and Ice (1983), as well as Raggedy Ann & Andy: A Musical Adventure (1977) by Richard Williams. Also, Fox distributed Asterix Conquers America (1994) in France and the United Kingdom.

Productions

[edit]

Fox Animation Studios did not achieve the same level of success as Disney's animated crop, due to increasingly stiff competition from Pixar and DreamWorks Animation with their computer-generated animated films and the declining revenues of the Disney Renaissance. The films used digital ink and paint similar to Disney's CAPS software, more specifically the Toonz software program. The studio's first theatrical release Anastasia (1997) was a critical and box-office success (and was and still remains the most successful film by its director Don Bluth), but their second and final theatrical release Titan A.E. (2000) got mixed reviews and was a costly flop, losing $100 million for 20th Century Fox.[3] Nearly a year before its closure, 20th Century Fox laid off 300 of the nearly 380 people who worked at the Phoenix studio[4] in order to "make films more efficiently".

Shutdown and legacy

[edit]

On June 26, 2000, the studio was shut down after 6 years of operation as a result of the box office failure of Titan A.E..[5][6][7] The film was set to be made would have been an adaptation of Wayne Barlowe's illustrated novel Barlowe's Inferno, and was set to be done entirely with computer animation, which would have made it 20th Century Fox's first fully computer animated film, predating Ice Age, which was released in 2002.[8] Another film they would have made was The Little Beauty King, an adult animated film directed by Steve Oedekerk, which would have been a satire of the films from the Disney Renaissance. It would predate DreamWorks' Shrek, which was released in 2001.[9]

Fox Animation Studios' only other productions were the PBS television series Adventures from the Book of Virtues (1996–2000) and the direct-to-video spin-off to Anastasia, Bartok the Magnificent (1999), along with sub-contract work for DreamWorks Animation's The Prince of Egypt (1998).[10] Out of all the television shows, sequels and spin-offs based on Don Bluth properties, Bartok was the only one to actually have Bluth and Goldman as directors. The former headquarters for the studio sat unused and abandoned until it was torn down in 2017.[11] An apartment complex was built on the site in 2019. As of March 20, 2019, most of the studio's library is now currently owned by The Walt Disney Company due to its finished acquisition of 21st Century Fox, with the exception of The Prince of Egypt, which is currently owned by Universal Pictures via DreamWorks Animation, and Adventures from the Book of Virtues, which is owned by PBS.

Filmography

[edit]
Title Release date Directed by Story by Screenplay by Produced by Budget Gross Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic Notes
Anastasia November 21, 1997 Don Bluth and Gary Goldman Eric Tuchman Susan Gauthier, Bruce Graham, Bob Tzudiker, and Noni White Don Bluth and Gary Goldman $53 million[12] $140 million[12] 83% (58 reviews)[13] 61[14] co-production with Fox Family Films
Bartok the Magnificent November 16, 1999 Jay Lacopo $24.8 million [15] — — (3 reviews)[16] — Direct-to-video release, co-production with 20th Century Fox Animation
Titan A.E. June 16, 2000 Hans Bauer and Randall McCormick Ben Edlund, John August, and Joss Whedon Don Bluth, Gary Goldman, and David Kirschner $75–85 million[17][15] $36.8 million[17] 50% (103 reviews)[18] 48[19] co-production with 20th Century Fox Animation and David Kirschner Productions

Animation service

[edit]
Title Release date Studio(s) Notes
Adventures from the Book of Virtues 1996–2000 KCET Los Angeles
PorchLight Entertainment 		TV series; aired on PBS[20][21]
The Prince of Egypt 1998 DreamWorks Pictures
DreamWorks Animation 		additional final line animation[10]

Cancelled projects

[edit]
See also: List of unproduced 20th Century Studios animated projects
Title Notes
Betty of the Jungle In 1995, animator Bill Kopp (creator of Fox Kids' Eek! the Cat) pitched an idea for an original adult animated film called Betty of the Jungle, in which he describes it as a sexy George of the Jungle about jungle warrior woman Betty (set to be voiced by Loni Anderson) and her gun-carrying poodle (set to be voiced by Bruce Willis) who battle evil to protect their jungle village. However, after an animation test and conceptual artwork, Fox Animation declined to approve the project.[22][23]
Dracula At one time, Fox Animation had planned to produce an adult animated musical adaptation of Dracula, described as a Disney style Rocky Horror Picture Show.[24]
Barlowe's Inferno A computer-animated film based on Wayne Barlowe's novel of the same name.[8] Was to be Fox Animation Studios' next film after Titan A.E. and would have been 20th Century Fox's first fully computer-animated film, before Ice Age.
Rhapsody Fox Animation had intended to produce an animated film based on the first installment of the Rhapsody trilogy by Elizabeth Haydon. The story was to tell of a human girl named Rhapsody going on an epic quest with the warrior Achmed and a Firbolg named Grunthor.[25]
The Little Beauty King An adult animated film directed by Steve Oedekerk, which would have been a satire of the films from the Disney Renaissance. It would predate Shrek.[9]
Over the Hedge Based on the comic of the same name by Michael Fry and T. Lewis. Later picked up by DreamWorks Animation.[26]
Africa An adult animated epic film set in Africa. Animator Will Makra posted concept art of the film later on.[27]
Fathom In June 2000, the reports circulated that Fox was adapting the comic book series Fathom.[28]
Ice Age Fox Animation Studios was originally working on a traditionally animated action-oriented comedy-drama film set in the Ice age. Around the same time, Blue Sky Studios, a small visual effects studio in White Plains, New York, was bought out by Fox and reshaped into a full-fledged CG animation film studio.[29] In light of this, Fox Animation head Chris Meledandri and executive producer Steve Bannerman approached Forte with the proposition of developing the film as a computer-animated film, which Forte realized was "basically a no-brainer", according to her.[30]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Fox Animation Studios

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Fox Animation Studios was an American animation studio located in , that served as the in-house feature animation division of 20th Century Fox from its founding in 1994 until its closure in 2000. Established under the Fox Family Films banner and led by executive , the studio was spearheaded by renowned animators and , who relocated their operations from to build a 66,000-square-foot facility equipped for traditional and digital animation production. Over its six-year lifespan, Fox Animation Studios produced only two feature films—Anastasia (1997) and Titan A.E. (2000)—marking 20th Century Fox's ambitious but short-lived entry into the competitive arena of hand-drawn animated features during the era. The studio's inception stemmed from 20th Century Fox's desire to challenge Disney's dominance in animation, with an initial investment in infrastructure and production that included a $53 million budget for its debut film, Anastasia, a musical retelling of the Russian Grand Duchess's story featuring voice talents like Meg Ryan, John Cusack, and Kelsey Grammer. Anastasia was a commercial success, grossing over $139 million worldwide and earning critical praise for its animation quality and score, which helped validate the studio's potential despite its non-traditional fairy-tale narrative. Building on this momentum, the studio shifted toward more experimental projects, culminating in Titan A.E., a science-fiction adventure blending 2D and early CGI elements, directed by Bluth and Goldman with voices including Matt Damon and Drew Barrymore. However, Titan A.E. underperformed at the box office, earning just $36 million against a $75–90 million budget, leading to the studio's abrupt shutdown on June 26, 2000, and the departure of its creative leadership. In the broader context of Fox's animation efforts, Fox Animation Studios represented an early, independent push before the company pivoted to acquiring and relying on for computer-animated hits like Ice Age (2002). The closure highlighted the high financial risks of in the late , as studios grappled with rising costs and shifting audience preferences toward CGI, ultimately influencing Fox's later strategies under Disney's ownership following the acquisition. Despite its brevity, the studio's output left a legacy in blending classic hand-drawn techniques with innovative storytelling, contributing to the diversification of beyond Disney's model.

History

Founding

Fox Animation Studios was established in 1994 as a of Fox, specifically to produce animated feature films and serve as the company's in-house animation division. The studio was launched by renowned animators and , who were recruited from their previous work at Sullivan Bluth Studios in Ireland to lead the new venture. Bluth and Goldman signed a five-year deal with Fox, under which they would oversee the creation of at least three animated features, backed by a $100 million investment from the studio. The creation of Fox Animation Studios was driven by 20th Century Fox's ambition to enter the competitive feature market dominated by , particularly in the wake of the commercial success of 's (1989) and subsequent Renaissance-era films. Initially focused on traditional 2D hand-drawn , the studio aimed to leverage Fox's resources for enhanced , marketing, and distribution to challenge 's stronghold. Production on the first film was slated to begin in October 1994, with releases planned every 18 months thereafter. Phoenix, Arizona, was selected as the studio's location to enable more cost-effective operations compared to Los Angeles, offering lower housing costs, shorter commutes, and an attractive lifestyle to recruit and retain top talent. The facility was built at 2747 E. Camelback Road, and in 1995, Fox Animation Studios employed around 216 staff, with plans to expand to 300 by year-end, including animators recruited through industry events like Siggraph '95. In 1995, the studio formally announced development of its inaugural project, an animated adaptation of , with Bluth and Goldman directing and producing under their partnership with . This marked the beginning of the studio's production pipeline, targeting a 1997 release.

Production development

Fox Animation Studios underwent significant operational expansion following its establishment, focusing on building a robust production pipeline for feature-length animated films. The studio's first major project, (1997), marked a pivotal milestone, completed on a over three years with a team of 326 artists drawn from 15 countries. This production involved relocating 130 artists from the directors and Gary Goldman's Ireland-based studio to the new Phoenix facility, highlighting early efforts to consolidate international talent under one roof. The studio evolved its animation techniques during this period, transitioning from traditional 2D cel methods to integrated digital processes. For Anastasia, production utilized advanced digital ink and paint systems, alongside new scanners and supercomputers to handle over 3 million computer files and 350,000 animation drawings. This shift enabled enhanced compositing and effects, such as the 900 computer-generated levels in the sequence "In the Dark of the Night," while retaining hand-painted layouts and backgrounds for its 1,350 scenes. By the time of Titan A.E. (2000), the studio had advanced further, blending comic book-style 2D character animation with 3D CGI elements for backgrounds, vehicles, and effects, increasing CGI usage from 30% to 80% during development. In-house tools like Toonz for 2D texturing, Maya for modeling, Softimage for animation, and Blue Sky's CGI Studio for particle rendering facilitated this hybrid approach on SGI/Unix workstations, creating a distinctive visual style that integrated hand-painted 2D surfaces with 3D models. Staff numbers grew steadily to support these initiatives, reaching approximately 326 for and expanding further by the late 1990s through targeted recruitment of experienced animators from established studios like , amid intensifying industry competition. Internal operations faced hurdles as the studio scaled up ambitious projects. encountered production challenges, including a compressed timeline and the complexities of merging 2D and 3D workflows, described by producers as akin to " squared" in technical demands, while external rivalry with 's Feature Animation division pressured Fox to innovate rapidly without matching infrastructure. Despite these obstacles, the studio emphasized training programs to upskill its workforce, fostering a pipeline for hybrid animation expertise that influenced subsequent Fox projects.

Shutdown and aftermath

On June 26, 2000, 20th Century Fox announced the immediate shutdown of Fox Animation Studios in , just ten days after the release of its final , Titan A.E.. The decision followed the film's disappointing performance, earning only $36.8 million worldwide against a $75 million . Several factors contributed to the closure, including escalating production costs for traditional 2D and the industry's rapid shift toward (CGI). Competitive pressures intensified as studios like succeeded with CGI-infused films such as Tarzan (1999), prompting Fox to pivot toward work rather than maintaining an in-house 2D facility. Earlier signs of distress emerged in February 2000, when the studio laid off approximately two-thirds of its 320 employees—around 213 staff members—to reduce overhead amid these challenges. The shutdown resulted in the layoff of the remaining staff (approximately 60 employees), with Fox recording a $12 million charge to cover closure costs. Unfinished projects and were transferred to other 20th Century divisions for handling, marking the end of the studio's six-year operation without immediate revival efforts. In the short term, the closure underscored the vulnerabilities of in-house 2D animation operations in the late , as the rising dominance of CGI accelerated the decline of traditional studios.

Works

Feature films

Fox Animation Studios produced two theatrical animated feature films during its operation from 1994 to 2000. These films represented the studio's efforts to compete in the animated feature market, leveraging techniques alongside emerging digital technologies. Both projects were developed in-house at the studio's facility, though the second film faced significant production challenges leading to partial . The studio's debut feature, Anastasia (1997), was a musical fantasy loosely inspired by the historical figure of Grand Duchess Anastasia Romanov. Directed by Don Bluth and Gary Goldman, the film followed an amnesiac young woman named Anya who embarks on a journey to discover her royal heritage amid post-revolutionary Russia, pursued by the villainous Rasputin. The voice cast featured Meg Ryan as Anya/Anastasia, John Cusack as con artist Dimitri, Kelsey Grammer as the scheming Grand Duke Vladimir, Christopher Lloyd as the sorcerer Rasputin, Hank Azaria as his comedic bat sidekick Bartok, Bernadette Peters as the sophisticated Sophie, and Angela Lansbury as the Dowager Empress Marie. Produced with a budget of $53 million, Anastasia employed traditional 2D cel animation enhanced by digital ink-and-paint processes and advanced scanning technology to achieve fluid character movements and richly detailed backgrounds, including snowy St. Petersburg vistas and opulent palaces. With a runtime of 94 minutes, the film was released on November 21, 1997, by 20th Century Fox and grossed $139.8 million worldwide, marking a commercial success that established the studio's viability in feature animation. The studio's second and final feature, (2000), shifted to a post-apocalyptic narrative set in the year 3028, where humanity seeks a legendary ship called Titan to rebuild after Earth's destruction by the alien Drej. Directed by and , the story centered on young scavenger Cale Tucker, who inherits a map to Titan from his father and joins a ragtag crew to evade the Drej. The voice ensemble included as Cale, as pilot Akima, as mercenary captain Korso, as quirky scientist Gune, as treacherous alien Preed, and as tough engineer Stith. Produced on an $85 million budget, the film pioneered a hybrid approach blending traditional 2D hand-drawn characters with extensive CGI for spacecraft, environments, and action sequences, creating dynamic space battles and alien worlds. However, production was hampered by studio-wide layoffs of over 300 staff in 1999, forcing Fox Animation to outsource significant portions of the to external facilities, including , which contributed to a rushed 19-month timeline. Running 94 minutes, premiered on June 16, 2000, and earned $36.8 million worldwide against expectations, resulting in substantial financial losses estimated at $70–120 million. Critically, it received mixed reviews, with a 51% approval rating on , praised for its visual ambition but critiqued for uneven pacing and narrative clichés, ultimately contributing to the studio's closure shortly after release.

Television productions

Fox Animation Studios contributed to animated television through its animation services for the PBS educational series Adventures from the Book of Virtues, which aired from to 2000. Produced by and based on William J. Bennett's bestselling book, the series featured two children, Annie and Zach, learning moral lessons from anthropomorphic animal guides like a wise named , through animated retellings of classic fables, myths, and historical stories. The studio's involvement began in production phases starting in September 1995, handling the traditional 2D animation that blended educational content with engaging visuals suitable for young audiences. This television work represented a departure from the studio's primary focus on feature films, allowing for shorter formats (approximately 25 minutes each) that enabled stylistic experimentation, such as vibrant character designs and fluid storytelling not always prioritized in longer theatrical productions. The series spanned three seasons with 39 s, emphasizing virtues like and perseverance, and concluded amid the studio's operational challenges in the late 1990s.

Animation services

Fox Animation Studios supplemented its feature film production by offering animation services to external projects and internal Fox initiatives, leveraging its Phoenix, Arizona facility for cost-efficient operations. Established in 1994, the studio was located in Phoenix partly due to the area's lower housing costs, short commute times, and state incentives including $1 million in job training funds and low-interest loans, which helped reduce overhead during subcontracting work. The studio contributed to select animation support roles, such as providing animation services for the 1998 direct-to-video sequel FernGully 2: The Magical Rescue, alongside production companies FAI Films, Rosen Harper Entertainment, and Wildbrain Entertainment. Between major feature releases like Anastasia (1997) and Titan A.E. (2000), the facility handled subcontracting tasks to maintain revenue streams from 1996 to 1999. In 2000, amid restructuring, the studio shifted toward greater outsourcing of its own production while retaining core creative functions in Phoenix.

Cancelled projects

Fox Animation Studios developed several projects that were ultimately cancelled, primarily due to the studio's closure in June 2000 following the commercial failure of its final , Titan A.E.. The shift in the animation industry toward (CGI) and escalating budget constraints also contributed to the shelving of these efforts, as Fox pivoted resources to external partners like for 3D productions. While some concepts remained in early development stages, others advanced to scripting or conceptual artwork before being abandoned. One notable cancelled project was an animated adaptation of the comic book series by Michael Turner. In the late , Fox Animation Studios began developing the film as a traditionally animated feature centered on Aspen Matthews discovering her aquatic powers. Development halted after the studio's downsizing in 2000, though the property later moved to James Cameron's for potential live-action exploration. Another unproduced film was : The Animated Musical, envisioned as an adult-oriented musical adaptation of Bram Stoker's novel with a script by . Planned as a follow-up to Titan A.E., it aimed for a darker, more mature tone akin to a "Disney-style Rocky Horror Picture Show," portraying as an unsympathetic anti-hero who terrorizes . Don , the studio's co-founder, noted story issues in early drafts, including challenges in balancing the character's villainy, but the primary cancellation stemmed from Titan A.E.'s box-office disappointment and the ensuing shutdown. Conceptual artwork by artists like Jozef Szekeres highlighted gothic designs for vampires and Victorian settings. Fox Animation also optioned Wayne Barlowe's illustrated book Barlowe's Inferno for an adult animated feature titled Inferno: Rebellion in Hell. In the late , Barlowe penned a depicting a explorer's perilous journey through a vividly realized , populated by demonic creatures inspired by his artwork. The project emphasized mature themes of rebellion and survival in a fantastical , but it was abandoned amid the studio's financial woes and closure. An early concept for Ice Age originated as a traditionally animated drama at Fox Animation Studios around 1997. and reviewed the initial script during planning, positioning it as a potential 2D feature exploring prehistoric survival themes. However, following the studio's emphasis on hybrid animation in Titan A.E. and the rise of CGI, the project was redeveloped as a fully by , marking Fox's transition away from in-house 2D work. These unmade projects influenced subsequent animation efforts, with former Fox Animation staff repurposing similar ideas—such as prehistoric narratives—at Blue Sky Studios, contributing to the success of the realized Ice Age franchise. The cancellations underscored the studio's brief but ambitious push into diverse genres, from fantasy and horror to sci-fi and adventure, before its demise halted further internal development.

Legacy

Industry influence

Fox Animation Studios played a notable role in the mid-1990s resurgence of traditional 2D animation outside the ecosystem, particularly through the success of its debut feature, (1997). The film grossed approximately $140 million worldwide, demonstrating commercial viability for non- 2D productions during a period dominated by the . This achievement provided a brief boost to independent and rival 2D efforts, including those involving former staff from Don Bluth's Sullivan Bluth Studios, which had closed in 1995, and saw renewed interest in hand-drawn animation techniques as a result. The studio's experimentation with hybrid 2D and CGI techniques in Titan A.E. (2000) foreshadowed broader industry trends toward integrating digital elements into traditional animation. By blending hand-drawn characters with computer-generated environments and effects, Titan A.E. anticipated similar approaches in later films like DreamWorks' Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas (2003), which employed comparable 2D/CGI hybrids to enhance visual storytelling. However, the film's underperformance underscored the growing challenges for 2D animation, as audiences and studios increasingly favored full CGI, signaling the format's waning dominance in feature films. Within 20th Century Fox's broader animation strategy, Fox Animation Studios helped lay the groundwork for the company's pivot to CGI-focused production, notably facilitating the 1997 acquisition and expansion of through Fox's VIFX division. As Fox's in-house 2D operation struggled, resources shifted toward Blue Sky, which became the primary hub for Fox's feature animation until its own closure in 2021. Following Disney's 2019 acquisition of , the legacy of Fox Animation Studios' output was integrated into Disney's vast animation portfolio, preserving its contributions within the historical context of ' evolution. The studio's 2000 shutdown exemplified the early 2000s industry-wide transition from 2D to CGI, driven by rising production costs and shifting audience preferences, and it influenced the decline of in-house models at major studios. This closure mirrored similar fates, such as Warner Bros.' shuttering of its feature animation division in 2004 amid comparable financial pressures and the CGI boom led by and DreamWorks. Culturally, Fox Animation Studios contributed to diversifying animated narratives beyond fairy-tale tropes, particularly through sci-fi elements in Titan A.E., which explored post-apocalyptic themes and human survival in a cosmic setting. This approach helped expand the genre's appeal in family-oriented , offering alternatives to the period's prevalent musical fantasies and influencing subsequent non-traditional in animated features.

Notable personnel and contributions

and served as the primary directors and creative leaders at Fox Animation Studios, overseeing the production of its two feature films, (1997) and (2000). , a veteran animator who joined Walt Disney Productions in 1955 as an in-betweener on and contributed to on films like (1973) and (1977), brought his expertise in expressive, emotionally driven hand-drawn animation to the studio after leaving Disney in 1979 to form his own . , 's longtime producing and directing partner, collaborated closely on these projects, emphasizing detailed character designs and fluid motion that distinguished Fox's output during the late 1990s animation renaissance. In , their direction highlighted innovative , particularly in sequences blending romance and , such as the film's ballroom waltz, which showcased 's signature style of nuanced facial expressions and dynamic posing to convey psychological depth. Following the studio's closure in 2000, Bluth and Goldman pursued independent projects, including efforts to adapt the classic Dragon's Lair into a , drawing on their earlier work animating the original game's cutscenes in the . Their post-Fox endeavors focused on reviving interactive animation formats, though funding challenges limited output to development stages until Bluth founded in 2020 to continue 2D animation production. In 2025, a documentary Don Bluth: Somewhere Out There premiered, chronicling Bluth's career and contributions to animation. The studio attracted notable voice talent, including , who provided the voice for Vladimir "Vlad" Popov, the film's comedic —a scheming former aristocrat aiding the protagonist's journey—infusing the character with charm and wry humor that complemented the animated performance. Upon the studio's shutdown in June 2000, which resulted in significant layoffs of around 300 staff, many animators and artists dispersed to other facilities, carrying forward expertise in traditional 2D techniques into emerging CGI workflows at studios like and .

References

  1. https://variety.com/1997/film/news/fox-s-toon-high-noon-1116677167/
  2. https://www.ign.com/articles/2000/06/27/fox-animation-studios-closes-its-doors
  3. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2000/jun/28/news1
  4. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-05-06-fi-54640-story.html
  5. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-08-02-fi-22631-story.html
  6. https://variety.com/1995/film/features/fox-s-new-toon-town-opens-for-business-99129696/
  7. https://am.animatedviews.com/Anastasia.html
  8. https://www.awn.com/mag/issue3.2/3.2pages/3.2news.html
  9. https://www.cgw.com/Publications/CGW/2000/Volume-23-Issue-8-August-2000-/After-Earth.aspx
  10. https://variety.com/2000/film/news/fox-tooning-out-closing-phoenix-arm-1117783078/
  11. https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120913/
  12. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-feb-12-fi-63534-story.html
  13. https://www.rotoscopers.com/2015/07/27/did-pixar-kill-hand-drawn-animation-in-the-us/
  14. https://variety.com/2000/tv/news/murdoch-not-ready-to-pull-plug-on-upn-1117785242/
  15. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-jun-29-fi-45965-story.html
  16. https://www.slashfilm.com/1137004/turmoil-at-fox-animation-set-titan-a-e-up-to-fail/
  17. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118617/
  18. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118617/fullcredits/
  19. https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Anastasia
  20. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120913/
  21. https://bombreport.com/yearly-breakdowns/2000-2/titan-a-e/
  22. https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/titan_ae
  23. https://kidscreen.com/1997/11/01/19937-19971101/
  24. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0227868/
  25. https://www.avid.wiki/Fox_Animation_Studios
  26. https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/movies/FernGully-2-The-Magical-Rescue/
  27. https://www.ign.com/articles/2001/09/06/camerons-lightstorm-dives-for-fathom
  28. https://cartoonresearch.com/index.php/bluths-un-made-animated-features/
  29. https://fantasybookcritic.blogspot.com/2007/11/interview-with-wayne-barlowe.html
  30. http://am.animatedviews.com/IceAge.html
  31. https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/titan-ae-15-year-anniversary
  32. https://www.polygon.com/2020/11/17/21557362/sinbad-movie-legend-of-the-seven-seas-cast-making-of-dreamworks
  33. https://deadline.com/2021/02/blue-sky-studios-closing-disney-ice-age-franchise-animation-1234690310/
  34. https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/disneys-acquisition-of-21st-century-fox-will-bring-an-unprecedented-collection-of-content-and-talent-to-consumers-around-the-world/
  35. https://www.squideo.com/the-evolution-of-animation-from-classic-cartoons-to-modern-cgi
  36. https://www.space.com/entertainment/space-movies-shows/titan-a-e-came-out-25-years-ago-and-history-has-been-kind-to-the-infamous-flop-that-killed-fox-animation-studios
  37. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2022-08-21/don-bluth-career-secret-of-nimh-anastasia-disney
  38. https://www.cartoonbrew.com/classic/don-bluth-gary-goldmans-anastasia-20-years-old-today-154858.html
  39. https://www.awn.com/animationworld/chat-don-bluth-and-gary-goldman-part-i
  40. https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/dragons-lair-an-interview-with-don-bluth-and-gary-goldman-122447/
  41. https://www.awn.com/animationworld/don-bluth-talks-somewhere-out-there-documentary-and-future-production-dreams
  42. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/cast-anastasia-1060209/
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.