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Karl Nehammer (German: [kaʁl ˈneːhamɐ]; born 18 October 1972) is an Austrian politician who served as the 28th chancellor of Austria from 2021 to 2025. A member of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP), he previously was Minister of the Interior from 2020 to 2021, general secretary of the ÖVP from 2018 to 2020, as well as a member of the National Council from 2017 to 2020. Nehammer assumed the chancellorship as the successor of Alexander Schallenberg, who resigned in order to return to the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs.[1] Nehammer announced his resignation as chancellor and ÖVP leader after unsuccessful coalition talks following the 2024 legislative election. He stepped down as chancellor on 10 January 2025.

Early life and education

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Nehammer grew up in Vienna, where he attended Kalksburg Grammar School and subsequently Amerlingstrasse Grammar School, graduating in 1992.[2][3] He completed his military service as a one-year volunteer with further service until 1996. In 1997 he was discharged as a lieutenant. He then worked as an instructional trainer for information officers for the Federal Ministry of Defence and as a trainer for strategic communication for various institutions, such as the Vocational Promotion Institute (BFI) and the Political Academy of the Austrian People's Party.

From 2012, Nehammer completed a two-year university course in political communication at the University for Continuing Education Krems and graduated with a master's degree.[4]

Nehammer is a member of the Catholic Austrian Students' Corporations Sonnberg Perchtoldsdorf within the Mittelschüler-Kartellverband.[4]

Political career

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Nehammer became active within the ÖVP party organisation after leaving the military, initially working with the party academy. He was then head of the service and mobilisation department at the party headquarters from 2007 to 2008 and the training and networking department from 2008 to 2009. He then became director of the party academy's Lower Austria association and was considered close to then-deputy governor Wolfgang Sobotka.[5]

In October 2015, Nehammer was appointed deputy general-secretary and federal organizational speaker of the Austrian Workers' Union (ÖAAB), the trade union association of the ÖVP.[4] During the 2016 Austrian presidential election, he was appointed replacement manager for the ÖVP's Andreas Khol partway through the campaign, but was unable to save him from a historically poor result of 11%.[5]

He succeeded August Wöginger as general-secretary of the ÖAAB in 2016 and held this position until January 2018. In November 2016, he was also elected regional chairman of the ÖAAB Vienna. Since April 2017, he has been district party chairman of the ÖVP in Vienna-Hietzing.[4]

In the 2017 federal election, Nehammer was elected as a representative for Vienna. During the subsequent government formation, he was a member of the ÖVP negotiating team in the area of defence. He was elected as deputy chairman of the ÖVP parliamentary faction on 8 November[6] and was appointed media spokesman. On 25 January 2018, he succeeded Elisabeth Köstinger and Stefan Steiner as general-secretary of the ÖVP.[7] In September 2018, he also succeeded Efgani Dönmez as spokesman for integration and migration.[4]

Nehammer ran in the 2019 federal election in fifth place in the ÖVP Vienna state list,[8] and eleventh place on the ÖVP federal list.[9] He was also one of the ÖVP's five assessors at the electoral authority during the election.[10] In the course of the subsequent government formation, he negotiated in the areas of Europe, migration, integration, and security.[11]

Minister of the Interior

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Nehammer was appointed minister of the interior in the second Kurz government, and was sworn in on 7 January.[12] Under his leadership, the Austrian government filed charges in mid-2020 against a person who had confessed to spying for Turkey's secret service.[13] He was one of three public crisis managers during the COVID-19 pandemic, with responsibility for the enforcement of lockdowns and restrictions. He is considered a strong supporter of Sebastian Kurz's refugee policy.[5]

Nehammer led the government response following the 2020 Vienna attack. He described the attacker as an "Islamist terrorist" and a sympathiser of the Islamic State,[14] and admitted that intelligence services under his jurisdiction had failed to communicate information that could have prevented the attack.[15] Nehammer's wife and children received police protection as a result of death threats received after the attack.[16]

Chancellor of Austria

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Main article: Nehammer government
Nehammer with Finnish prime minister Sanna Marin, February 2023

In October 2021, Sebastian Kurz resigned as chancellor in the wake of a corruption investigation and was succeeded by Foreign Minister Alexander Schallenberg. Kurz remained as leader of the ÖVP until 2 December, when he announced his retirement from politics. Soon afterwards, Schallenberg announced he would not seek the leadership and would resign as chancellor in favour of the new ÖVP leader once one had been elected.[17] On 3 December, Nehammer was provisionally appointed as leader of the ÖVP by the federal party committee and proposed as chancellor.[18][19][20] He was sworn in by President Alexander Van der Bellen on 6 December.[21] In an extraordinary party convention on 14 May 2022, Nehammer was elected ÖVP chairman by 100% of the votes.[22]

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Nehammer visited the Ukrainian capital Kyiv on 9 April 2022, and then Moscow, where he met Russian president Vladimir Putin on 12 April 2022. Nehammer said he confronted Putin about Russia's war crimes in Ukraine and told him "it’s necessary to have international justice, the United Nations there."[23] After the meeting, Nehammer warned that Putin was planning a new offensive in eastern Ukraine.[24]

Nehammer with Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and other European leaders in Cairo, 17 March 2024

Under Nehammer's leadership, Austria's government implemented a package of measures worth six billion euros ($6.3 billion) in 2022 aimed at cushioning the blow to households of the rising cost of living.[25]

On 8 December 2022 Nehammer was the architect of the sole veto against Bulgaria's and Romania's admission in the Schengen Area on 1 January the following year. This caused an outrage in Romania, who drastically reduced bilateral relations with Austria as a result. As of November 2024, neither Bulgaria or Romania is fully part of the Schengen Area.[26][27]

In an interview with the German newspaper Die Welt in September 2023, Nehammer called for the termination of full membership negotiations between the EU and Turkey and the development of a new concept within the relations between the EU and Turkey.[28]

Nehammer expressed support for Israel during the Gaza war.[29] In October 2023, he rejected calls for a ceasefire in Gaza, saying that "All the fantasies of truces, ceasefires, etc. have the effect of strengthening Hamas in its determination to continue its action and perpetuate this terrible terror."[30] In January 2024, he criticized South Africa's genocide case against Israel.[31]

Nehammer with Petr Fiala, Ursula von der Leyen, Donald Tusk and Robert Fico in Wrocław, Poland, 19 September 2024

In the 2024 Austrian legislative election held on 29 September, the ÖVP placed second to the far-right Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), which gained a plurality of seats in the National Council. However, no party in parliament agreed to form a coalition with the FPÖ, which led to Nehammer being asked by President Van der Bellen to form a new government on 22 October.[32]

On 4 January 2025, Nehammer said that he would step down as party leader and as chancellor, following the failure of the government coalition talks between his party, SPÖ, and NEOS after the 2024 legislative election.[33][34]

Other activities

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Recognition

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On 22 February 2022 Greek minister of migration & asylum Notis Mitarachi awarded Karl Nehammer the Commendation Medal of First Class Migration Assistance in recognition of Nehammer's and the Austrian government's contribution in managing the crisis in Evros in March 2020.[36]

Personal life

[edit]

Nehammer is married to fellow ÖVP member Katharina Nehammer [de]. They have two children.[37] The couple received criticism in early 2020 after Katharina was appointed spokeswoman for the Ministry of Defence, with Herbert Kickl accusing the government of putting interior and defence policy "in the hands of one family".[38] She began working in the private sector in public relations in July 2020. Nehammer's father-in-law is former ORF presenter Peter Nidetzky.[39]

See also

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References

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[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Karl Nehammer

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from Grokipedia
Karl Nehammer (born 18 October 1972) is an Austrian politician and army officer who served as Federal Chancellor of Austria from 6 December 2021 to 10 January 2025 and as chairman of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) from May 2022 to January 2025. A native of Vienna with a background in political communications, Nehammer rose through the ÖVP ranks, serving as the party's general secretary from 2018 to 2020 and as Minister of the Interior from January 2020, where he focused on security and migration enforcement. His chancellorship followed the resignation of Sebastian Kurz amid corruption investigations, during which Nehammer prioritized economic stabilization after the COVID-19 pandemic, stricter asylum policies including border controls with neighbors, and diplomatic support for Ukraine following Russia's 2022 invasion. Facing headwinds from inflation, energy crises, and rising support for the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ), Nehammer's ÖVP finished second in the September 2024 parliamentary elections, leading to failed coalition negotiations excluding the FPÖ and his subsequent resignation as chancellor and party leader.

Early life

Family background and upbringing

Karl Nehammer was born on 18 October 1972 in , . His father, Karl Nehammer senior, served as the long-time managing director of LGV Frischgemüse, a for fresh produce within the Austrian retail sector. His mother, Grete Nehammer, has been identified in biographical accounts but no specific professional details are publicly documented. Nehammer grew up in a politically conservative and Catholic household in Vienna, reflecting the traditional values associated with Austria's center-right milieu during the late 20th century. This environment likely influenced his early exposure to ÖVP-aligned principles, though direct causal links to his later career remain inferential absent personal testimony. No public records detail siblings or extended family dynamics.

Education

Nehammer attended the Kollegium Kalksburg in Vienna during his early schooling before transferring to the Gymnasium Amerlingstraße, a humanistic secondary school in the 6th district of Vienna, from which he graduated with the Matura (Austrian school-leaving examination) in 1992. Following his , Nehammer underwent a one-year voluntary starting in October 1992, during which he received training as an infantry officer and information officer within the , attaining the rank of by 1996. In 1999, he completed additional professional training as a communication coach at the Management Institute of Industry, commissioned by the Austrian . Nehammer pursued higher education later in his career, enrolling in 2012 at the University for Continuing Education Krems (Danube University Krems) for a two-year program in , from which he graduated in December 2014 with a (MSc) degree. This part-time executive program was designed for professionals and focused on in political contexts.

Military and early professional career

Service in the Austrian Armed Forces

Nehammer began his military service in the (Bundesheer) in 1993 at age 21, completing an extended compulsory service period of one year on a voluntary basis. He then continued as a professional soldier, serving until 1996. During this time, he rose to the rank of (). His service occurred amid Austria's post-Cold War military structure, focused on national defense and neutrality obligations under the State Treaty of 1955, with no combat deployments recorded. Nehammer left the Bundesheer in 1997 to pursue civilian opportunities in political communications.

Transition to civilian roles and communications work

Following his discharge from the Austrian Armed Forces in 1996, where he had served as a professional soldier since 1993 and attained the rank of with training in and operations, Nehammer transitioned to by working as a trainer for officers under the Federal . Nehammer then entered organizational roles within the (ÖVP), beginning with involvement at the party's Political Academy, where he focused on training, networking, and mobilization efforts. From 2007 to 2008, he served as head of the service and mobilization department at ÖVP headquarters, followed by heading the training and networking department at the Political Academy from 2008 to 2009. In the , Nehammer advanced in strategic communications and public affairs as Managing Director of Academy 2.1, a firm specializing in these areas, from 2009 to 2013. This role built on his military information officer experience and positioned him for deeper party engagement, emphasizing communication strategies aligned with conservative political objectives.

Political ascent

Involvement with the Austrian People's Party

Nehammer's engagement with the (ÖVP) commenced after his departure from active , with his initial role in the party's central apparatus in from 2007 to 2009, where he contributed to operational and communications functions. This entry into the ÖVP's organizational framework marked his transition from defense-related work to political administration, leveraging his background in communications to support party logistics and outreach efforts. From 2009 to 2013, he served as managing director of Academy 2.1, a political entity aligned with ÖVP objectives, followed by his appointment as head of the party's Municipal Affairs Department in from 2013 to 2015, emphasizing grassroots coordination and local policy development. These positions solidified his internal standing as an efficient administrator, particularly in regional structures, prior to his electoral debut in the National Council in October 2017 as a representative. Throughout this phase, Nehammer focused on enhancing the party's municipal engagement and communications strategy, contributing to ÖVP's operational resilience amid evolving political challenges.

Initial appointments and party leadership roles

Nehammer entered formal roles within the (ÖVP) in February 2007 as department head for service and mobilization. From November 2008 to June 2009, he led the training and network sector at the Politische Akademie der ÖVP, the party's political academy focused on cadre development and strategy. His ascent continued through leadership in the Österreichischer Arbeiter- und Angestellten-Bund (ÖAAB), the ÖVP's affiliated workers' and employees' organization. Nehammer served as deputy general secretary from September 2015 to April 2016 and as regional chairman for from 2015 to 2016. In April 2016, he was appointed general secretary of the ÖAAB, succeeding in that position until January 2018 while overseeing organizational expansion and policy alignment with ÖVP priorities. Elected to the National Council in October 2017 for the Vienna constituency, Nehammer simultaneously took on district party chairmanship for ÖVP's 13th district (). In January 2018, he advanced to general secretary of the ÖVP proper, managing party operations, campaign strategy, and internal coordination until January 2020; this role positioned him as a close advisor to party leader during a period of electoral gains.

Ministerial positions

Minister of National Defence

Karl Nehammer, leveraging his prior experience as a professional soldier in the from 1993 to 1996, where he underwent training as an and information officer, was widely regarded as a logical candidate for the position of Minister of National Defence (Bundesministerin für Landesverteidigung) in the second government of formed in January 2020. However, the role was assigned to , marking her as the first woman to head the ministry, sworn in on 7 January 2020. Nehammer instead took up the portfolio of Minister of the Interior on the same date, reflecting Kurz's preference for his expertise in and migration issues. Despite not holding the defence ministry, Nehammer's military background informed his broader contributions to policy during this period. As , he collaborated with the defence sector on overlapping areas such as counter-terrorism and border protection, emphasizing enhanced coordination between civil and authorities. His wife, Katharina Nehammer, was appointed spokesperson for the Ministry of National Defence in early 2020, facilitating indirect ties to defence communications. Nehammer's advocacy for stronger defence capabilities persisted into his subsequent roles, though not as defence minister. He later supported budget increases for the armed forces as , arguing for preparedness as a core element of amid geopolitical shifts, including Russia's invasion of . This stance aligned with his first-principles emphasis on empirical threats to Austria's neutrality and , without compromising the country's constitutional commitments.

Minister of the Interior

Nehammer assumed the role of Federal Minister of the Interior on 7 2020, succeeding in Sebastian Kurz's second cabinet, with responsibilities encompassing national police, intelligence services, border control, migration, and matters. His tenure, lasting until 6 December 2021, emphasized bolstering internal security amid rising concerns over Islamist and irregular migration. A pivotal event occurred on 2 November 2020, when suffered its first fatal Islamist terrorist attack: 20-year-old Austrian-Albanian Kujtim Fejzulai, an adherent who had tried to travel to in 2018, opened fire in the city center, killing four civilians and wounding 23 before being shot dead by police. Fejzulai had served a 22-month sentence for but was released early in December 2019 after a pledge, despite remaining on a watchlist; post-attack inquiries revealed intelligence lapses, including unacted-upon tips from abroad and domestic monitoring failures that allowed him to acquire . Nehammer's ministry arrested 14 suspects in the immediate aftermath and initiated raids on extremist networks, but faced criticism for the attacker's undetected and the absence of a second anticipated assailant. In response, a parliamentary commission's February 2021 report exposed systemic flaws in the Verfassungsschutz (), prompting Nehammer to pledge sweeping reforms: the agency's abolition, its reconstitution as a dedicated anti-extremism directorate under the Ministry of Interior with enhanced powers and parliamentary oversight, and stricter monitoring of convicted terrorists to prevent . These changes aimed to erect what Nehammer termed a "new, strong wall of the republic" against threats, including mandatory risk assessments for early releases and improved inter-agency data sharing. On migration, Nehammer pursued restrictive policies, advocating EU-wide external border fortifications and criticizing the for failing to aid frontline states adequately during crises like the 2021 Belarus-orchestrated migrant push toward and the , which he labeled . He prioritized expedited deportations of failed asylum claimants—over 10,000 in 2020 alone—and integration mandates, while supporting temporary controls amid Afghanistan's fall, evacuating select vulnerable groups but rejecting open-ended inflows. This hardline posture, rooted in ÖVP priorities, drew acclaim from security advocates for curbing irregular entries but rebuke from pro-migration outlets for exacerbating humanitarian strains.

Chancellorship

Appointment and initial challenges

Karl Nehammer was sworn in as Federal on December 6, 2021, by President at Vienna's Palace, marking him as the third chancellor in two months amid political turmoil. This followed the resignation of on October 9, 2021, due to a corruption investigation implicating him in and false testimony, and the brief interim tenure of , who stepped down after Kurz quit party leadership. The (ÖVP) nominated Nehammer, its interior minister and de facto leader, on December 3, 2021, to stabilize the coalition government with the Greens without triggering snap elections. Nehammer's appointment occurred against a backdrop of eroded in the ÖVP, with opinion polls reflecting declining support for the party following the scandals. He pledged to "drive back division" and foster national unity, emphasizing a return to governance focused on citizens' concerns rather than internal party strife. However, sustaining the ÖVP-Greens coalition proved challenging, as underlying ideological differences on issues like environmental policy and restrictions intensified scrutiny on the government's stability. Early in his tenure, Nehammer confronted the ongoing crisis, which demanded rigorous extensions, mandatory vaccinations for certain groups, and widespread testing—measures that fueled protests and legal challenges over proportionality and enforcement. Economic pressures from pandemic-related shutdowns compounded these difficulties, limiting Austria's influence in EU fiscal debates and highlighting the chancellor's need to navigate both domestic polarization and international recovery efforts. By early , the added urgency to and refugee influxes, testing Nehammer's security-oriented background in formulating rapid responses.

Domestic policy initiatives

Nehammer's administration prioritized bolstering through the adoption of the Austrian Security in September 2024, which outlined a comprehensive approach integrating internal and external threats, including cyber risks, , and , while emphasizing resilience in and societal cohesion. This built on prior efforts as , incorporating enhanced sharing and defensive capabilities without altering Austria's neutrality. In response to the foiled Islamist terror plot targeting concerts in on 2024, involving two Afghan nationals radicalized online, the government announced reforms to strengthen counter-terrorism, including expanded communications surveillance powers for , increased funding for domestic (Verfassungsschutz), and streamlined procedures for security threats. These measures addressed perceived gaps in monitoring , with Nehammer citing the need for proactive prevention amid rising incidents, as evidenced by the plot's scale involving over 100 kilograms of explosives. On immigration, Nehammer pursued restrictive policies to curb irregular entries, implementing stricter controls and integration requirements since , including limits on family reunifications and accelerated asylum processing to reduce backlogs exceeding 20,000 cases annually. The government advocated reducing social benefits for new arrivals in their first years to deter economic migration, aligning with models like Denmark's, and supported EU-wide external processing of claims, as praised in Nehammer's endorsement of the UK's scheme in May 2024. These initiatives responded to public concerns over a 2023 surge in asylum applications, which reached 59,000—primarily from , , and —straining resources and correlating with higher rates in migrant-heavy areas per official statistics. Social policies under Nehammer included welfare adjustments tying benefits more closely to and integration, amid fiscal pressures, though these faced criticism for exacerbating inequality without broad structural reforms in healthcare or . The "Glaub an Österreich" campaign, launched in October 2023, aimed to foster national unity and counter cultural fragmentation through public awareness efforts on Austrian values and economic self-reliance.

Foreign policy engagements

Upon assuming the chancellorship in December 2021, Nehammer prioritized upholding Austria's constitutional neutrality amid Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, while aligning with European Union positions on sanctions and providing humanitarian assistance. In April 2022, he conducted back-to-back visits to Kyiv and Moscow, becoming the first Western leader to meet Russian President Vladimir Putin face-to-face after the invasion; during the 75-minute discussion at Putin's residence, Nehammer confronted him directly on reported atrocities in Bucha and elsewhere, describing the talks as "tough" and emphasizing that Russia had lost morally, though Putin appeared entrenched in his own rationale for the conflict. Austria under Nehammer supported all sanctions packages against , increased defense spending to 1.5% of GDP by 2027 from 0.77% in 2022 for national capabilities without membership, and delivered non-lethal aid including €46 million in humanitarian support in May 2022, 10,000 helmets and fuel in September 2024, and facilitated €42 million in citizen donations by late 2024, explicitly refraining from lethal weapons transfers to preserve neutrality. Nehammer endorsed 's right to use Western-supplied arms against targets inside in June 2024, arguing it permissible under principles, and advocated a dual approach of bolstering while engaging non-Western actors like nations for potential mediation. In European affairs, Nehammer promoted "strategic neutrality" as leverage for , rejecting an of Hungary's in July 2024 and proposing an intermediate status for short of full membership in June 2024 to foster stability without immediate accession pressures. He engaged bilaterally with leaders on and migration, including meetings with UK Prime Minister in May 2024 to deepen counter-terrorism ties, Indian Prime Minister in July 2024 to urge dialogue on , and Finnish Prime Minister in in February 2023 amid Nordic shifts. Nehammer also initiated a renewed focus on , aiming for economic partnerships and climate cooperation to diversify beyond traditional European-centric .

Economic management and fiscal reforms

During Nehammer's chancellorship from December 2021 to January 2025, Austria's economy navigated post-COVID recovery amid surging inflation and the triggered by Russia's of in February 2022. The government responded with targeted relief measures, including a 2022 electricity price cap that reduced annual costs by approximately €500 for an average three-person household. Nehammer advocated for EU-level interventions to decouple and gas prices, aiming to curb market volatility without domestic overreach. These steps provided short-term stabilization, but industrial weakness persisted, with exports declining nearly 4% year-on-year through October 2024. In January 2024, Nehammer outlined the "Austria Plan" to counter and labor shortages, emphasizing tax incentives to boost work and . Key proposals included reducing the basic rate from 20% to 15%, eliminating the 48% marginal rate for incomes between €67,000 and €99,000, rendering pay tax-free, and exempting on savings up to €100,000. Additional labor measures exempted pensioners continuing to work from pension insurance contributions and introduced grandparent leave options akin to . The plan also rejected new or taxes, cut from 55% to 50% of prior net , and allocated €1 billion for " " investments to support domestic industry. Building on this, a July 2024 four-point growth strategy focused on attracting more qualified workers, slashing bureaucracy, reforming taxes and duties, and opposing taxes to enhance competitiveness. Fiscal management prioritized consolidation amid elevated deficits, which stood at 3.2% of GDP in 2022 and were projected to ease to 2.5% in 2023 under baseline assumptions, though actual figures rose to 4.7% in 2024 due to persistent spending pressures and sluggish growth. Efforts included moderate spending restraint and revenue adjustments, but real GDP contracted by nearly 1% in 2024, hampering reduction and prompting credit agencies like Fitch to revise Austria's outlook to negative in January 2025, citing deficits exceeding 2.5% of GDP medium-term and rising ratios. Nehammer's approach stressed prudent stability, yet planned consolidations fell short of stabilizing debt-to-GDP over the subsequent five years, leaving successors to address EU-mandated savings of €18-24 billion.

Resignation and political legacy

2024 election outcomes and coalition failures

In the Austrian legislative held on September 29, 2024, Nehammer's (ÖVP) secured 26.3% of the vote, finishing second behind the Freedom Party (FPÖ) at 28.8%, a decline from the ÖVP's 37.5% in 2019 that cost the party 15 seats in the National Council, reducing its representation to 51 out of 183. The Social Democratic Party (SPÖ) received 21%, the NEOS 9%, and the Greens 8%, reflecting voter dissatisfaction with the incumbent ÖVP-Greens amid economic pressures, migration concerns, and prior scandals. President tasked Nehammer, as incumbent , with forming a new government on October 3, 2024, prioritizing a centrist coalition excluding the election-winning FPÖ due to its pro-Russia positions and historical controversies. Nehammer pursued negotiations with the SPÖ and NEOS for a three-party alliance aimed at stability without FPÖ involvement, but talks protracted into late 2024 amid disagreements over fiscal consolidation. The coalition efforts collapsed on January 4, 2025, primarily over irreconcilable differences on budget measures, including the pace of spending cuts and opposition to new taxes that the ÖVP argued would damage economic recovery. The NEOS' withdrawal from talks exacerbated the breakdown, as the party cited insufficient austerity commitments, leaving Nehammer unable to secure a viable majority and prompting his announcement to resign as chancellor and ÖVP leader. This failure highlighted the challenges of cordoning off the FPÖ while bridging policy gaps among centrists, prolonging Austria's political impasse into early 2025.

Factors leading to resignation

The collapse of coalition negotiations following the September 29, 2024, Austrian legislative election was the primary catalyst for Nehammer's resignation. Despite the ÖVP securing 26.3% of the vote and 51 seats—placing second behind the FPÖ's 28.9% and 57 seats—centrist parties including the ÖVP, SPÖ, and NEOS pursued talks to exclude the far-right FPÖ from government. Initial negotiations in October 2024 faltered over policy divergences, prompting a second round in late December that ultimately failed on January 4, 2025. Central to the breakdown were irreconcilable differences on economic and fiscal policies. Nehammer cited the ÖVP's unwillingness to endorse SPÖ-proposed measures perceived as damaging to , including potential new es and expansive social spending amid Austria's budget constraints and EU fiscal rules. The SPÖ, holding 21% of the vote, advocated for stronger welfare expansions and investments, clashing with the ÖVP's emphasis on and relief to combat stagnation, where GDP growth hovered at 0.9% in 2024. Internal ÖVP dynamics exacerbated the impasse, as Nehammer faced criticism for the party's electoral decline from 31.5% in , attributed to voter shifts toward the FPÖ on migration and concerns. Resigning both as and party leader, Nehammer framed his departure as enabling an "orderly transition" to avoid prolonged instability, though analysts noted it reflected diminished leverage post-election and the exhaustion of centrist alliance options without FPÖ inclusion, which all major parties had pledged against.

Assessment of tenure's impact

Nehammer's tenure as , spanning from December 2021 to January 2025, is characterized by efforts to stabilize following Sebastian Kurz's amid probes, yet it ultimately coincided with economic contraction, rising , and a surge in support for far-right parties. During this period, 's entered , with real GDP contracting by 0.6% in 2024 after quarterly declines averaging 0.3% since mid-2022, exacerbated by high prices from reduced Russian gas supplies following the 2022 invasion. rose to 7.1% by late 2024 from 6.1% earlier, reflecting industrial slowdowns and labor market pressures despite earlier fiscal relief measures like the €2 billion anti-inflation package in March 2022. On , Nehammer prioritized controls and , tightening asylum procedures and border measures in response to irregular migration flows, which he linked to over 75,000 Ukrainian refugees hosted since 2022 alongside broader pressures. These initiatives, including calls for EU-wide reforms, aimed to address voter concerns but failed to stem the Freedom Party's (FPÖ) electoral gains, as public dissatisfaction with perceived lax enforcement contributed to the FPÖ's 29% vote share in the September 2024 elections, relegating the ÖVP to 26%. His with the Greens endured scandals and policy frictions but provided continuity, though it eroded ÖVP support amid corruption legacies from prior administrations. Foreign policy under Nehammer upheld Austria's neutrality while delivering lethal aid to and sanctions against , navigating energy diversification despite initial dependencies that fueled inflation. Engagements like his 2022 visit sought dialogue but drew criticism for signaling weakness, and overall, his pro-EU stance contrasted with domestic isolationist sentiments, limiting breakthroughs in broader conflicts. The tenure's end via after failed talks post-2024 elections underscores a legacy of interim stability overshadowed by structural economic vulnerabilities and unresolved migration tensions, with forecasts indicating modest recovery only after his departure.

Ideology and policy positions

Stance on immigration and national security

Nehammer has positioned the (ÖVP) as advocating stringent measures against , viewing uncontrolled inflows as a strain on public resources and social cohesion. In May 2024, he praised the United Kingdom's proposed Rwanda scheme for deporting asylum seekers as a "pioneer" model for processing outside , signaling support for externalizing asylum procedures to deter irregular migration. He has proposed reducing social benefits for new migrants in their initial years to render less appealing, collaborating with Nordic EU partners to advocate for such reforms at the European level. In September 2024, Nehammer reaffirmed 's commitment to combating illegal entries alongside , emphasizing resolute enforcement to protect EU borders. This hardline approach extends to , with Nehammer calling in October 2024 for an "effective returning policy" and declaring parts of safe for returns based on documented conditions. By December 2024, his government initiated a of Syrian refugees' protected status, aligning with ÖVP's electoral platform that prioritizes deportations over indefinite stays. In January 2025, he urged the to adopt tougher stances on irregular migration, echoing demands from and for enhanced border controls and deterrence. These policies reflect a strategic shift to reclaim ground from the Freedom Party (FPÖ) by emphasizing integration failures and welfare system burdens, as migration dominated the September 2024 national discourse. On national security, Nehammer's tenure as (2020–2021) and has emphasized bolstering defenses against , , and hybrid threats. Following the foiled Islamist plot targeting Taylor Swift concerts in in August 2024, he announced enhanced counter- measures, including expanded and capabilities to prevent and attacks. The Austrian Strategy 2024, introduced under his chancellorship, prioritizes safeguarding , values, and amid geopolitical tensions, while upholding neutrality. Nehammer has specifically targeted Russian infiltration risks, stating in April 2024 that Austria must evaluate and fortify security protocols to block spy networks from exploiting political or social structures. This includes preventing foreign influence operations that could undermine internal stability, linking border security to broader threat mitigation. Immigration controls thus intersect with security imperatives, as irregular entries are framed as vectors for and , prompting calls for fortified external borders and rapid deportations of security risks.

Views on European Union and neutrality

Nehammer has consistently advocated for Austria's deepened integration within the , emphasizing its economic and security benefits while prioritizing reforms in areas like migration control. In a January 2, 2025, statement marking 30 years of Austria's membership alongside , he highlighted the accession's profound positive impact on both nations' prosperity and cooperation. He has pushed for a "" in migration policy, collaborating with to advocate stricter measures, including reduced social benefits for new arrivals to deter irregular migration, as articulated in October 2024. Nehammer supported sanctions against following its 2022 invasion of and endorsed financial aid to , while proposing an "intermediate" membership status for to facilitate its alignment without full accession. Regarding Austria's constitutional neutrality, enshrined since 1955, Nehammer has repeatedly affirmed its enduring validity, particularly in military terms, rejecting any dilution amid geopolitical pressures. In August 2022, he declared, "Austria was neutral, Austria is neutral, and Austria will also remain neutral," underscoring this as a fixed policy despite Russia's in . In an April 2022 interview, he clarified that neutrality applies strictly to military alliances like —"no discussion" exists on abandoning it—but permits humanitarian and -integrated security contributions, such as aiding in non-combat scenarios. By April 2024, he reiterated that military neutrality coexists with full membership, positioning Austria as a bridge in European security without involvement. Nehammer's approach balances solidarity with national , as evidenced by his July 2024 refusal to join other member states in boycotting Hungary's presidency under , criticizing such actions as counterproductive to institutional functionality. This stance reflects a pragmatic Euroskepticism toward supranational overreach, favoring intergovernmental on defense—such as openness to French nuclear deterrence—while upholding neutrality's core prohibition on foreign bases or alliances. His views align with ÖVP tradition, viewing neutrality as a diplomatic asset that enhances Austria's role without compromising independence.

Approach to Russia and international conflicts

Nehammer has condemned Russia's full-scale invasion of on February 24, 2022, as an unprovoked act of aggression that violates and threatens European security. Under his leadership, has adhered to its constitutional military neutrality by refraining from supplying lethal weapons to , while providing over €100 million in humanitarian, financial, and non-lethal aid by mid-2023, including support for refugees and energy diversification to reduce dependence on . has also participated in all 14 rounds of sanctions against as of 2024, targeting individuals, entities, and sectors linked to the , though Nehammer has emphasized that sanctions must be effective and not unduly harm Austrian citizens. In toward , Nehammer pursued direct despite domestic and criticism. On April 11, 2022, he became the first head of government to meet post-, confronting him over documented war crimes in Bucha and , demanding an immediate withdrawal of Russian forces, and securing a commitment to humanitarian corridors—though Nehammer later described the two-hour discussion as "tough and unfriendly," with Putin denying atrocities and justifying the as "de-Nazification." He reiterated that bears moral and legal responsibility for the conflict, stating Putin "has lost the war morally" and that perpetrators must face justice at . Nehammer has advocated for sustained dialogue with as essential for any European peace, arguing in April 2024 that "there can be no peace without talks with ," but insisted such negotiations cannot exclude or reward aggression. On broader international conflicts, Nehammer's approach reflects 's neutral posture, prioritizing de-escalation and multilateralism. He has positioned as a potential "bridge builder" in the crisis, urging engagement with non-Western actors like nations to prevent escalation and warning in February 2024 of the risk of the war "spiraling out of control." In June 2024, he endorsed 's use of Western-supplied weapons for strikes on legitimate military targets inside , framing it as lawful under Article 51 of the UN Charter, while increasing 's defense spending to 1.5% of GDP by 2024 without joining . Nehammer expressed willingness in November 2024 to revisit if military tensions eased, underscoring a pragmatic belief in personal to test 's intentions, though he has ruled out concessions that undermine 's .

Controversies

Intelligence and security lapses

The Vienna terror attack on November 2, 2020, exposed critical shortcomings under Karl Nehammer's oversight as Austria's Minister of the Interior, where the assailant Kujtim Fejzulai, a 20-year-old ISIS sympathizer, killed four civilians and wounded 23 others in the city center before being shot dead by police. Fejzulai had been convicted in 2019 for attempting to travel to to join , served a 22-month sentence, and was released early in December 2019 after participating in a program, but agencies overlooked his re-engagement with extremist networks, including contacts with ISIS operatives via Telegram. Austrian authorities received multiple foreign intelligence warnings about Fejzulai's and attack planning— including from in July 2020 regarding a potential knife attack and from in August 2020 about bomb-making preparations—but failed to act decisively, such as by revoking his explosives permit or intensifying , due to inadequate follow-up and inter-agency communication breakdowns. Nehammer publicly acknowledged these as "obvious and from our point of view intolerable mistakes," particularly in the handling of risk assessments and efficacy, which allowed Fejzulai to acquire ammunition legally despite his history. In response, Nehammer suspended Vienna's anti-terror operations chief Erich Zwettler on November 6, 2020, citing personal responsibility for the lapses in monitoring and intelligence processing, amid broader criticism from opposition parties who accused the government of systemic underfunding and complacency in counter-terrorism efforts. The incident prompted calls for reforming Austria's intelligence services, with Nehammer announcing enhanced deradicalization protocols, increased staffing for the Directorate for State Protection and Intelligence (DSN), and better integration of foreign tips, though subsequent evaluations highlighted persistent challenges in tracking returning foreign fighters. These failures underscored Austria's vulnerabilities as a European hub for jihadist networks, with Nehammer facing scrutiny for prior leniency in early-release policies and inadequate post-release monitoring, contributing to debates on the effectiveness of preventive measures during his interior ministry tenure from January 2020 onward.

2022 Moscow visit to Putin

On April 11, 2022, Austrian Chancellor Karl Nehammer met with Russian President at Putin's residence outside , marking the first face-to-face encounter between a leader and Putin since Russia's full-scale invasion of on February 24, 2022. The 75-minute discussion was characterized by Nehammer as "very direct, open and tough," during which he confronted Putin with evidence of Russian atrocities observed during Nehammer's prior visit to , including sites in Bucha and . Nehammer stated that he aimed to "look Putin in the eyes" and inform him that Russia had "lost this morally," emphasizing that those responsible for war crimes, potentially including Putin, must face justice at international tribunals. Nehammer justified the visit as an extension of Austria's constitutional military neutrality, which allowed for direct diplomacy without aligning with 's collective stance, while underscoring Vienna's condemnation of the and support for Ukraine's . He reported no concessions from Putin, who remained entrenched in a self-reinforcing " logic," denying Ukrainian reports of targeting and framing the conflict as a defensive response to expansion. Post-meeting, Nehammer expressed pessimism about diplomatic prospects, noting Putin's lack of interest in ending the or engaging with initiatives, such as those referenced in ongoing talks. The visit drew sharp domestic and international criticism. In , opposition parties labeled it a unilateral "solo effort" with no tangible results, questioning its value amid EU sanctions against . Ukrainian officials and some European allies voiced concerns that the meeting risked legitimizing Putin's regime at a time when isolation was the preferred strategy, though Nehammer defended it as necessary truth-telling to counter Russian propaganda. Nehammer later reiterated in 2024 that he would repeat the trip if it advanced understanding of Putin's intransigence, framing it as a firsthand assessment rather than negotiation. No policy shifts or breakthroughs emerged from the encounter, which highlighted Austria's outlier position in EU-Russia relations due to its neutrality tradition.

Handling of corruption scandals and party crises

Nehammer became chancellor on December 6, 2021, inheriting a cascade of corruption investigations from the Sebastian Kurz era, centered on allegations that ÖVP officials misused over €500,000 in public funds to commission manipulated opinion polls favorable to the party between 2017 and 2021. Kurz, who resigned as party leader in November 2021 after prosecutors implicated him in bribery and perjury, had appointed key figures like Thomas Schmid as head of the state holding company ÖBAG, where similar influence-peddling claims emerged. In handling these scandals, Nehammer publicly affirmed the independence of Austria's anti-corruption prosecutors, avoiding interference while restructuring ÖVP leadership to sideline Kurz associates, such as replacing implicated ministers in the coalition cabinet. He distanced the party from Kurz during 2022 parliamentary hearings, where Schmid invoked his right against amid testimony on systemic favoritism in contracts and appointments. Despite these measures, investigations continued into at least a dozen ÖVP figures by 2023, with no convictions directly tied to Nehammer's inner circle, though public trust in the political class remained low, as evidenced by Austria's score declining to 71/100 in 2022 from 74/100 in 2020. Party crises exacerbated by the scandals tested Nehammer's control over ÖVP, which saw membership drop by approximately 10% post-2021 and poll support hover below 30% through 2023, prompting internal debates on ideological renewal amid accusations of . Nehammer addressed this by consolidating authority as party chairman, expelling vocal Kurz loyalists and prioritizing coalition continuity with the Greens to weather probes, though strains over scandal fallout nearly collapsed the government in early 2022. Critics, including opposition figures, argued his approach prioritized damage control over structural reforms like enhanced transparency, allowing perceptions of to persist and fuel far-right gains.

Post-chancellorship

Role at the

Following his resignation as on January 5, 2025, after unsuccessful negotiations, Karl Nehammer transitioned to a senior position at the (EIB). On July 22, 2025, the EIB announced his appointment as Vice-President and Member of the Management Committee, effective September 1, 2025, succeeding Thomas Östros, the former Swedish Vice-President. Nehammer's selection was attributed to his extensive political experience, including roles as Federal from 2021 to 2025 and Minister of the Interior, which were seen as assets for advancing the EIB's objectives in sustainable investment and economic development across the . In his capacity as Vice-President, Nehammer oversees internal projects and functions, with a particular emphasis on the of the EIB's operations. This includes enhancing technological to support the bank's lending activities, which totaled €92.5 billion in 2024 for projects in , innovation, and . His appointment aligns with the EIB's mandate as the EU's lending arm, focusing on long-term financing outside financial markets, and draws on his prior governmental expertise in security, migration, and to inform strategic decisions. Nehammer commented on his early tenure in September 2025, describing the initial days as "extremely interesting and challenging," reflecting adaptation to the EIB's technocratic environment after years in national executive leadership. The role positions him within a of eight Vice-Presidents under President , contributing to governance amid the bank's expansion into green and digital initiatives amid EU-wide priorities like the Green Deal and recovery from geopolitical disruptions.

Other engagements and public activities

Following his resignation as Chancellor in January 2025, Nehammer participated in the Security Conference's "Zeitenwende on tour" public event in on February 13, 2025, where he discussed European security challenges alongside other speakers including Ukrainian Ambassador Oleksii Makeiev. This appearance occurred during the caretaker period before the formation of the new government under Christian Stocker in March 2025. After assuming his role at the on September 1, 2025, Nehammer continued public engagements focused on economic and innovation policy. On October 15, 2025, he delivered a speech at the Angel Prize Summit in , highlighting the need for rapid scaling of innovations to enhance Europe's competitiveness amid global economic pressures. In his remarks, he linked technological advancement to broader priorities, drawing on his prior experience in Austrian governance. Nehammer has maintained a presence in international forums addressing and , though specific additional events beyond his EIB oversight duties remain limited in public record as of 2025. His activities reflect a shift toward advisory and consultative roles in European , emphasizing practical over partisan politics.

Personal life

Marriage and family

Nehammer has been married to Katharina Nehammer (née Nidetzky), a media executive and fellow ÖVP member, since around 2007. Katharina is the daughter of Peter Nidetzky, a former presenter at the Austrian public broadcaster ORF. She has worked in media, including roles at ORF and more recently as managing director of Agrarverlag starting October 1, 2024. The couple has two children, whose names and details remain private. In July 2020, while Nehammer served as , his wife was appointed deputy cabinet chief at the Ministry of National Defence but resigned from the position weeks later. The family resides in and has occasionally appeared together at public events, such as the Salzburg Festival premiere of Le Nozze di Figaro in July 2023.

Private interests and lifestyle

Nehammer maintains an active physical lifestyle, engaging in and general sports to stay fit despite his demanding political career. Described as a boxer, he has publicly highlighted shared interests in during diplomatic meetings, such as with French President in April 2024. At age 51 during his chancellorship, he was noted for remaining physically robust through regular exercise. In his limited free time, Nehammer prioritizes reading non-fiction and reflective literature, often recommending books that inform policy thinking, while advising against skimming from the end to grasp full context. His lifestyle emphasizes family and domestic tranquility over social extravagance; he prefers evenings at home and avoids high-profile events like the , aligning with a low-key, non-representative personal routine. No significant private business interests or financial holdings beyond his public salary and have been reported, reflecting a career singularly devoted to politics following his service as a professional soldier.

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  148. https://www.instagram.com/p/DPWVLWZiG9N/
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  152. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/austrian-chancellor-karl-nehammer-and-his-wife-katharina-news-photo/1557679803
  153. https://www.heute.at/s/gemeinsame-hobbys-box-kanzler-trifft-mucki-macron-120029280
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  155. https://www.diepresse.com/20215646/karl-nehammer-das-buch-von-hinten-zu-lesen-ist-ein-fehler
  156. https://www.diepresse.com/19264276/was-wird-karl-nehammer-beruflich-machen
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