Hubbry Logo
ObuasiObuasiMain
Open search
Obuasi
Community hub
Obuasi
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Obuasi
Obuasi
Obuasi
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

Obuasi is a gold mining town and is the capital of the Obuasi Municipal District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.[2][3] It lies in the southern part of the Obuasi Municipal and is located about 63 km (39 mi) from Kumasi.[3] As of 2012, the town has a population of 175,043 people.[1] The current mayor (executive chief) of the town is Hon. Elijah Adansi-Bonah.[4][3][5]

Key Information

Obuasi is home to the Obuasi Gold Mine, one of the largest known gold deposits on Earth.[6][3] The Gold Coast region was named after the large amount of gold mined, historically at Obuasi and the neighbouring Ashanti Region.[3]

History

[edit]

The area which makes up Obuasi have historically been mined for multiple centuries. The town became an important economic center after the discovery of a large gold deposit in 1897 and the building of a railway from Sekondi in 1902.[7]

Administration

[edit]
Further information: Obuasi West (Ghana parliament constituency)

Obuasi has a mayor–council form of government. The mayor, or executive chief, is appointed/approved by the town council, the Obuasi Municipal Assembly and the president of Ghana. The current mayor of the town is Hon. Elijah Adansi-Bonah.[4]

Demographics

[edit]

About 81.7% of the population is Christian, of which 33.2% are Pentecostal/Charismatic, 19.7% are Protestant, 14% is Catholic while 14.8% are other Christians. This is followed by Islam (13.3%), traditional religions (0.2%), other religions (0.7%), and people who don't reside with any religion (4.1%).[5]

Economy

[edit]
Main article: Economy of Ashanti

Obuasi is known for the Obuasi Gold Mine, one of the largest underground gold mines in the world. It is operated by AngloGold Ashanti. Gold has been mined on the site since the late 19th century.[6] Most of the production at the mine stopped in 2014 after being placed under care and maintenance. In 2018, a redevelopment project began to help increase production at the site. It is currently in its 3rd phase and was expected to be completed by late-2024.[8] Other major economic sectors in the town include timber, blacksmithing, and small-scale agriculture.[5]

Transportation

[edit]

Obuasi train station is on the Ashanti railway line to and from Kumasi (59.4 km (36.9 mi) or 1 hour 2 minutes south-west of Kumasi).[5] The only airport in the town is the Obuasi Airport. It has a runway length of 1,600 by 30 m (5,249 by 98 ft) and was developed from a former airstrip. It was inaugurated on 30 August 2012 and is operated by Gianair on behalf of the owners.[9]

Geography

[edit]
Series of hills surrounding the Sports Club in Obuasi

Location

[edit]

Obuasi is located in the Obuasi Municipal which has a total land mass of 220.7 km2 (85.2 sq mi). The municipal is bordered by Adansi South to the south, Amansie West to the west and northwest, and to the east and northeast, Adansi North.[5]

Climate

[edit]

Obuasi has a semi-equatorial tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw) with two rainy seasons. The main rainy season is from March to July, with May and June being typically the year's wettest months, whilst a lighter rainy season occurs from September to November. The average annual rainfall in Obuasi is around 1,270 millimetres or 50 inches and the average temperature 26.5 °C or 79.7 °F with highs of 30 °C or 86 °F and lows of 23 °C or 73.4 °F. Relative humidity is around 75% - 80% in the wet seasons.

Climate data for Obuasi
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 32
(89) 		31
(87) 		31
(87) 		31
(87) 		32
(89) 		29
(84) 		27
(80) 		27
(80) 		26
(79) 		30
(86) 		32
(89) 		32
(89) 		30
(86)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 24
(75) 		24
(76) 		24
(76) 		25
(77) 		25
(77) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		22
(71) 		21
(70) 		24
(75) 		24
(76) 		24
(76) 		24
(75)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 25
(1.0) 		25
(1.0) 		76
(3.0) 		130
(5.0) 		200
(8.0) 		230
(9.0) 		100
(4.0) 		25
(1.0) 		76
(3.0) 		150
(6.0) 		130
(5.0) 		100
(4.0) 		1,267
(50)
Source: Myweather2.com[10]

Human resources

[edit]

Education

[edit]
See also: List of senior high schools in the Ashanti Region

Obuasi is the site of Obuasi Senior High Technical School, a coeducational second cycle public high school.[11] Christ the King Catholic Senior High School, St. Margaret Senior High School, and the College of Integrated Health Care are other schools that can be found in the town. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology also has a campus in the town.[12]

Health

[edit]
See also: List of hospitals in Ashanti

The town is home to numerus healthcare facilities, such as the AGA Hospital, owned and operated by AngloGold Ashanti, and St. Jude Hospital,[13] owned by Dr George Owusu-Asiedu.[14]

Sports

[edit]
View of Obuasi's golf course

Obuasi has a golf course,[15] which hosts the annual Obuasi Captain's Golf Tournament.[16] The Ashanti Gold Sporting Club, a professional football club, is located in the town and is based at Len Clay Stadium.[17]

Notable people

[edit]

Sister cities

[edit]

Obuasi sister cities is of the following:[21]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Obuasi

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia

Obuasi is a city in the Ashanti Region of Ghana, approximately 60 kilometers south of Kumasi, serving as the administrative capital of the Obuasi Municipal District and defined primarily by its central role in gold mining.
The city's economy revolves around the Obuasi Gold Mine, an underground operation reaching depths of 1,500 meters that has produced gold since 1897 and remains one of Africa's most significant mining assets following a major redevelopment completed in phases through 2024, enabling sustained commercial production at capacities up to 5,000 tons per day.
While the mine has driven economic development and infrastructure growth in the region, including contributions to local employment and national gold output, it has also been associated with environmental challenges such as pollution affecting nearby communities. The municipal district, covering 162.4 square kilometers with 55 communities, recorded a population of 168,641 in the 2010 census, reflecting its status as a key urban center in southern Ghana.

Geography

Location and Topography

Obuasi is situated in the of southern , approximately 60 km south of , the regional capital. Its geographic coordinates are 6°12′N 1°40′W. The town lies within the Ashanti Gold Belt, a 250 km long greenstone belt characterized by mesothermal and paleoplacer gold deposits. This geological formation contributes to the region's resource concentration, with Obuasi positioned along its central segment. The topography of the Obuasi area features undulating hills and ridges oriented southwest to northeast, shaped by the underlying Ashanti Gold Belt structure. Elevations average around 200 meters above , with low, steep-sided hills separated by broad valleys, supporting deep subsurface features up to 1,500 meters. The terrain includes moderately elevated lands interspersed with lowlands, originally part of Ghana's zone.

Climate and Environmental Setting

Obuasi lies within Ghana's moist semi-deciduous forest zone, transitioning toward woodland, characterized by a (Köppen Aw) with bimodal rainfall patterns. The region experiences two rainy seasons—typically from to and to —accounting for the majority of annual , which averages 1,200–1,500 mm, while the spans to with lower and occasional winds from the . Average annual temperatures range from 24°C to 30°C, with highs reaching up to 35°C in and relative varying from 60% in the to over 80% during peak rains. The natural vegetation consists of forests interspersed with patches, supporting a mix of tall trees that shed leaves in the and shrubs adapted to seasonal water availability. Predominant soil types are forest ochrosols, which are deeply weathered, ferralitic soils rich in iron and aluminum oxides, offering moderate fertility for root crops and tree plantations but susceptible to due to their granular structure and high rainfall intensity. These soils, formed from weathered and parent materials, maintain a pH around 5–6, conducive to leaching in uncultivated areas. Seasonal climate variations have historically shaped local and settlement, with the bimodal rains enabling two cropping cycles per year for staples like , , and cash crops such as cocoa and oil palm, which thrive in the humid conditions and fertile ochrosols. Early Akan settlements in the area were drawn to elevated plateaus with reliable sources and , where dry-season grass fires naturally cleared undergrowth, facilitating farming without extensive clearing, though excessive risks prompted terracing in sloped terrains. These patterns supported subsistence and trade-oriented livelihoods predating industrial activities.

History

Pre-Colonial and Ashanti Kingdom Era

The region encompassing modern Obuasi, situated within the Adansi (or Adanse) territory, featured early Akan settlements focused on , with mining activities predating Portuguese contact in 1471. Adansi emerged as one of the earliest Akan states around the , bounded by rivers such as the Pra to the south, and its inhabitants engaged in of alluvial deposits washed from upstream hills into streams and rivers. These operations, often seasonal and family-based, involved panning with bowls and trays during the early rainy season, yielding gold dust and nuggets that formed the basis of local wealth accumulation. Complementing alluvial methods, Adansi miners employed shallow pits (3–10 feet deep) and deeper shafts (up to 100 feet or more) to access reef gold in veins, using tools like digging sticks, hoes, and fire-setting to fracture rock during the . in areas like Fomena, near Obuasi, intensified by the , drawing migrations motivated by gold's intrinsic value as a durable, divisible superior to in sustaining larger polities. This resource-driven settlement pattern integrated Adansi into proto-state structures, where mining output supported , , and nascent , without evidence of large-scale prior to Ashanti dominance. Adansi's contributed to regional networks, supplying dust and weights for with northern Mande and Mossi groups in exchange for salt, , and kola nuts, while royal oversight imposed taxes that enriched chiefly treasuries. Following the Ashanti Empire's formation in the late under Osei Tutu I, Adansi submitted allegiance around 1701–1717 amid expansions southward, subordinating local mining to the Asantehene's centralized authority symbolized by the . This incorporation amplified 's causal role in imperial consolidation, as control over Adansi's deposits—alongside those in neighboring Denkyira—facilitated arms imports and campaigns, though it also entailed conflicts with resistant chiefdoms over . Empirical records from Dutch and English traders, such as Willem Bosman's 1698 accounts, corroborate the scale of Akan output, estimated in ounces traded annually, underscoring its economic primacy without reliance on slave labor for extraction in this era.

Colonial Period and Gold Mining Beginnings

The significant gold deposits in Obuasi were identified by British prospectors in 1897, marking the onset of modern industrial mining in the region. This discovery spurred the establishment of the Ashanti Goldfields Corporation (AGC), which initiated organized extraction that same year, building on earlier concessions negotiated by Gold Coast merchants in the 1890s. The AGC secured a 99-year lease over approximately 100 square miles of land from local Adanse and Bekwai chiefs, leveraging British colonial authority to enforce operations amid traditional land tenure systems. British military campaigns, culminating in the Anglo-Ashanti War of 1900, dismantled centralized Ashanti resistance and imposed a , directly enabling foreign capital to dominate resource extraction in Obuasi by subordinating indigenous authority to colonial governance. Prior to this, Ashanti control had restricted European access to interior goldfields, but post-conquest administrative reforms prioritized imperial revenue from minerals, with mining licenses issued under Gold Coast ordinances that favored concessionaires over local sovereignty. To facilitate export-oriented production, the colonial government initiated railway construction from Sekondi in 1898, with the line reaching Obuasi by late 1902 after traversing 124 miles of dense forest. This infrastructure, funded through imperial loans and labor , reduced transport costs from months of porterage to days by rail, causally linking Obuasi's output to global markets and amplifying economic extraction for the metropole. Labor demands drove migration to Obuasi mines from the 1890s onward, recruiting thousands annually from southern Gold Coast districts and northern territories via colonial networks, often through indirect compulsion like taxation pressures rather than formal contracts. By the early , the workforce exceeded 1,000, comprising unskilled carriers and surface workers alongside skilled European overseers, with rudimentary and no systematic provisions reflecting the era's extractive priorities over local welfare.

Post-Independence Expansion

Following Ghana's independence in 1957, the government under President pursued nationalization of the mining sector to assert state control over key resources, enacting laws in the early that fully nationalized nearly all mining companies and established the State Gold Mining Corporation (SGMC) to manage operations. While smaller mines were seized promptly, the (AGC), operator of the Obuasi mine, retained partial private status initially due to its scale and foreign partnerships, though pressures mounted for greater Ghanaian ownership. These interventions aimed to redirect profits toward national development and reduce foreign dominance, but they coincided with broader economic policies emphasizing import substitution and state-led industrialization, often at the expense of operational efficiency in extractives. By 1972, under the military regime of Ignatius Acheampong, the state acquired a in AGC, effectively bringing Obuasi under majority public ownership and integrating it into SGMC oversight, marking the culmination of post-independence efforts. This period saw the Obuasi mine expand as one of the world's largest underground operations, delving deeper into high-grade reefs to sustain output amid declining surface resources, with peaking at several thousand workers drawn from across as an alternative to faltering cocoa farming. production from Obuasi and similar sites contributed significantly to foreign exchange earnings, helping offset balance-of-payments pressures from cocoa export slumps in the , though national output overall fell from a 1960 peak of 0.9 million ounces across 30 mines to lower levels by the late due to underinvestment and technical stagnation under state management. State involvement yielded mixed results, with SGMC recording substantial losses—such as 6.75 million cedis in 1969–1970 alone—attributable to bureaucratic inefficiencies, inadequate , and political interference rather than inherent resource exhaustion, prompting partial reversals in the late and early through joint ventures and efficiency audits to stem decline. These measures reflected pragmatic recognition that full had not delivered promised industrialization dividends, as 's forex role remained critical yet undermined by mismanagement, with Obuasi's operations adapting through incremental deepening and labor-intensive methods to maintain viability amid economic turbulence. By the mid-, production stabilization efforts underscored mining's enduring economic rationale over ideological state control, positioning Obuasi as a of Ghana's mineral-dependent recovery.

Mine Redevelopment and Modern Challenges (2014–2025)

In May 2014, designated the Obuasi mine as a special project to tackle operational inefficiencies, including declining grades and high costs, leading to the suspension of underground mining by December and a shift to care and maintenance. This restructuring aimed at transitioning from shallow, labor-intensive methods to mechanized underground operations accessing deeper reserves up to 1.5 kilometers. The company committed over $500 million in for this redevelopment, focusing on upgrades like ventilation, decline access, and automated to extend the mine's life beyond 20 years. Following Ghanaian government approval to amend the , activities intensified from , marking the ramp-up phase with initial extraction and . The first pour occurred in late , signaling the mine's conversion to a modern mechanized operation, with daily mining rates projected to rise from 2,000 tonnes in 2020 to 4,000 tonnes by year-end. Production volumes have progressively increased, reaching forecasts of 275,000 to 300,000 ounces in 2024, with steady-state targets of 350,000 to 400,000 ounces annually for the initial decade and up to 400,000 ounces by 2028 through optimized recovery and development drilling. These improvements have supported job retention for thousands of workers during the transition and new employment in specialized underground roles. Persistent challenges include frequent incursions by illegal small-scale miners, known locally as , which escalated notably in 2016 with large-scale invasions disrupting access shafts and posing safety risks. Such activities have repeatedly halted operations, as seen in pre-2019 suspensions, and continue to strain and infrastructure despite government interventions. Volatility in global prices further complicates viability, as lower prices in the mid-2010s exacerbated the need for while recent surges above $2,000 per ounce have intensified pressures by drawing more artisanal operators to concessions. has mitigated these through enhanced protocols and contractual partnerships for underground services, securing multi-year agreements valued at over A$1 billion to bolster development and production efficiency.

Governance and Administration

Municipal Government Structure

The local governance of Obuasi operates under Ghana's decentralized system, primarily through two assemblies: the Obuasi Municipal Assembly and the Obuasi East Municipal Assembly. The Obuasi Municipal Assembly, established by Executive Instrument E.I. 15 of December 15, 2003, and Legislative Instrument L.I. 1795 of March 17, 2004, administers the urban core, including key mining and commercial zones. In 2017, the Obuasi East District Assembly was created by Legislative Instrument L.I. 2332 of November 16, 2017, and inaugurated on March 15, 2018, to cover peripheral areas; it was upgraded to municipal status on October 22, 2024. Each assembly comprises elected members representing electoral areas, appointees (typically 30% of the total membership), and a presiding member elected from among the members. The Obuasi East Municipal includes 28 elected members from its electoral areas, supplemented by appointees to form the full body. The Obuasi Municipal follows a comparable structure, with members organized into zonal councils and unit committees for coordination. Sub-committees handle specialized functions such as finance, development planning, , and works. The Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Chief Executive (MMDCE) for each assembly is appointed by the President and requires two-thirds assembly approval to assume office, serving as the political and administrative head responsible for executive functions. Assemblies derive authority from the Local Governance Act, 2016 (Act 936), which mandates policy formulation, resource mobilization, service delivery in areas like sanitation and roads, and oversight of decentralized departments (e.g., health, education, agriculture). Revenue sources include internally generated funds (IGF) from property rates and licenses, a portion of national mineral royalties (currently 20% of the Minerals Development Fund allocation to mining districts, though local leaders advocate for increases beyond the base 5% royalty rate due to underutilization), and central transfers via the District Assemblies Common Fund (DACF). However, annual audits by Ghana's Auditor-General reveal heavy reliance on DACF and other grants—often exceeding 50% of budgets—indicating limited fiscal autonomy despite mining revenues, with irregularities such as uncollected revenues and procurement lapses noted in Obuasi assemblies' reports.

Political and Electoral Dynamics

Obuasi's electoral landscape reflects the broader Ashanti Region's historical allegiance to the (NPP), with voter preferences shaped by commitments to economic policies supporting mining employment and stability over regulatory stringency. In the 2024 presidential election, NPP candidate garnered 65.61% of votes region-wide, underscoring sustained support in mining-dependent areas like Obuasi where job preservation outweighs environmental enforcement concerns amid () prevalence. Parliamentary outcomes in Obuasi East deviated slightly, with National Democratic Congress (NDC) candidate Samuel Aboagye winning narrowly at 18,558 votes to NPP's Patrick Boakye-Yiadom's 18,539 on December 7, 2024, signaling localized discontent tied to mine redevelopment disruptions rather than a regional partisan realignment. Voter turnout in Ashanti dipped to 62.66% in 2024, below prior elections' averages exceeding 70%, amid factors like in galamsey-impacted communities and dissatisfaction with uneven policy enforcement on concessions. This pattern highlights causal voter prioritization of tangible economic benefits—such as formal and informal jobs—over abstract regulatory promises, as evidenced by resistance to anti-galamsey crackdowns that threaten livelihoods without alternative employment assurances. Mining interests in Obuasi amplify policy sway through for lenient fiscal regimes and mediated compensations, particularly during AngloGold Ashanti's 2014–2025 , which displaced communities and sparked disputes over undervalued land and housing payouts. advocacy groups and unions press national assemblies for revised benefit-sharing frameworks, often leveraging electoral leverage in Ashanti's NPP-dominant contests to counterbalance demands for stricter oversight. Political exacerbates this, as governments allocate concessions to aligned actors, fueling conflicts where ruling elites prioritize short-term over long-term concession integrity, per analyses of Ghana's competitive settlement dynamics.

Demographics

According to the 2021 Population and Housing Census conducted by the Statistical Service, Obuasi Municipal had a of 104,297, consisting of 51,885 males and 52,412 females. Obuasi East District, established in 2018 by splitting from the former Obuasi Municipal District, recorded 92,401 residents, with 44,927 males and 47,474 females. These figures yield a combined total of 196,698 for the Obuasi area, reflecting administrative reconfiguration that affects direct comparisons with pre-2018 data. Annual population growth in Obuasi Municipal aligns with projections of 2.5%, estimating 112,318 inhabitants by 2024. This rate incorporates net in-migration from rural , primarily to mining-proximate settlements in the northeast, sustaining densities over 950 persons per square kilometer in urban cores. remains pronounced, with 85.2% of Obuasi Municipal's population in urban localities and concentrations in areas like Obuasi Central and Bedieso. Extending the 2.5% growth trajectory, the combined Obuasi population could approach 205,000 by late 2025.

Ethnic, Cultural, and Religious Composition

The ethnic composition of Obuasi is dominated by the , particularly the Asante (Ashanti) subgroup, who constitute approximately 78% of the municipal population according to the 2021 Ghana Population and Housing Census data aggregation. This reflects the broader demographic patterns of the , where Akan groups have historically settled and maintained . Minority ethnic groups include Ewe (around 3%), Ga-Dangme (1%), and smaller proportions of northern Ghanaian groups such as Gurma and Mole-Dagbani, often comprising migrant laborers drawn to the gold mining industry since the colonial era. These migrations have introduced limited ethnic diversity, primarily for economic purposes rather than cultural integration, with northern groups filling roles in mining support services. Religiously, predominates in Obuasi, accounting for 81.7% of the as per the 2010 Ghana district report, with affiliations spanning Pentecostal, Protestant, and Catholic denominations. follows at 13.3%, largely among northern migrant communities, while traditional African religious practices, including , represent the remainder. These figures align with national trends but show a stronger Christian tilt in this mining hub, influenced by missionary activities tied to colonial . Culturally, Obuasi embodies Asante traditions, including the observance of Akwasidae, a bi-weekly festival honoring ancestors and the Asantehene through drumming, dancing, and libations, which reinforces communal identity amid urban mining life. holds profound symbolic value in Asante heritage, representing power, purity, and spiritual vitality, as seen in regalia like the —believed to embody the soul of the Asante nation—and weights used in trade, a legacy amplified by Obuasi's mining prominence. This symbolism underscores causal links between resource extraction and cultural prestige, without altering core matrilineal kinship and chieftaincy structures that govern local disputes and festivals.

Economy

Gold Mining Operations and Production

The Obuasi gold mine, operated by since its acquisition and renaming in , relies on underground methods that extend to depths of 1,500 meters via shafts, declines, and interlevel development. Post-2019 redevelopment, operations shifted to mechanized hybrid techniques, including sub-level open for lower-grade zones and underhand drift-and-fill for high-grade areas, enabling higher productivity through equipment like the Easer L drill rig and the Kwesi Mensa ventilation shaft. is processed via a 5,000 tonnes-per-day plant involving crushing, grinding, flotation, and bacterial oxidation, followed by leaching for , in compliance with international standards. Production commenced in 1897, yielding cumulative output exceeding 40 million ounces historically, establishing Obuasi as one of Africa's richest deposits. After suspension in 2014 due to uneconomic conditions, facilitated first gold pour in late 2019 and commercial restart in October 2020; annual production stabilized at 224,000 ounces in 2023 before a slight dip to 221,000 ounces in 2024 amid ramp-up to steady-state capacity of 300,000-400,000 ounces. The mine directly employs around 4,400 workers, comprising 1,015 permanent employees and 3,388 contractors, with reducing manual exposure. metrics have advanced following investments in and , achieving a Total Recordable Injury Frequency Rate of 0.49 per million hours worked in the region for 2024, lower than pre-suspension levels attributable to prior artisanal encroachments and outdated methods.

Ancillary and Non-Mining Sectors

Ancillary sectors in Obuasi primarily revolve around support services, including equipment suppliers and providers. Mining Tools Ghana Ltd, a Ghanaian-owned firm headquartered in Obuasi, delivers a range of support services tailored to local operations. Similarly, Mining & Construction Services Limited operates a dedicated in Obuasi, stocking spare parts for underground equipment as the exclusive agent for Normet OEMs in . Transportation form a critical component, with contract haulage accounting for approximately 30% of costs through fleets of 30- to 45-tonne trucks used for movement from shafts to mills. Partnerships, such as those between provider KLYMS and major firms established in January 2025, enhance efficiency and transportation for inputs and outputs. Non-mining sectors emphasize and informal , though they play a secondary role to in economic output. engages 52% of Obuasi's residents, focusing on staple crops like , plantain, , and , which ensure local food sufficiency through efforts by the Ministry of Food and Agriculture and stakeholders. The informal sector, dominated by trading and services including , , and banking, employs about 55% of the working population, reflecting small-scale tied to daily needs. activities remain minimal, with no significant formal industrial base reported beyond informal artisanal efforts. Diversification initiatives, often led by , aim to bolster non-mining livelihoods amid mining's dominance. In May 2025, the company partnered with the Obuasi East Department of to enhance community farming productivity. Ongoing projects support piggery and , targeting assistance for 10 aquaculture farmers and 9 pig farmers by the end of 2025, building on earlier efforts like the 2023 empowerment of 150 farmers across 20 communities. These programs seek to mitigate mining dependency, yet data underscores 's labor intensity over its value-added contribution relative to extractive industries.

Economic Contributions, Dependencies, and Critiques

The Obuasi Gold Mine serves as a cornerstone of Ghana's export economy, contributing significantly to national gold production and earnings, which collectively account for about 40% of the country's gross inflows. In 2023, gold exports from major operations like Obuasi helped drive the sector's share to roughly 7.2% of Ghana's GDP, with the mine's output forming a substantial portion of AngloGold Ashanti's regional production. Beyond direct exports, the operation generates tax revenues and royalties; for instance, the broader sector injected over US$5.5 billion into the economy in 2024, including payments to and local entities. Locally, AngloGold Ashanti's procurement policies at Obuasi allocate 43% of contracts to domestic firms and 45% to local multinationals, supporting small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) capacity building through training and partnerships that enhance . These efforts have empowered over 60 local contractors via targeted workshops since 2022, promoting diversification within mine-dependent value chains. Obuasi's local exhibits acute dependence on the mine, with mining-related activities dominating and fiscal inflows, rendering the susceptible to operational disruptions. The partial suspension of underground mining from 2014 to 2018, prompted by escalating costs and safety issues, resulted in thousands of layoffs and a sharp contraction in ancillary services, underscoring the fragility of single-commodity reliance. This vulnerability persists amid global price volatility, as the mine accounts for a disproportionate share of regional GDP and household incomes, limiting adaptive diversification despite initiatives like SME development. Critiques of the mining model in Obuasi center on uneven wealth distribution, where aggregate contributions mask localized impoverishment and limited community-level gains, even as formal operations create direct jobs numbering in the thousands. Academic analyses highlight dispossession through land acquisitions, though empirical data indicate net positive employment effects from structured mining compared to informal alternatives. Illegal small-scale mining (galamsey), often involving concession encroachments by non-local actors, emerges as a more acute disruptor, fueling economic instability via resource depletion and conflict rather than formal sector shortfalls. These activities, surging post-2014 suspension, prioritize short-term individual gains over sustainable revenue, exacerbating fiscal leakages absent from corporate tax frameworks.

Infrastructure

Transportation and Connectivity

Obuasi's primary transportation links are via road, connecting the city to approximately 60 kilometers north and about 260 kilometers southeast, facilitating mining logistics and commuter travel along national trunk roads like the N8. The local road network spans roughly 205 kilometers, with 60 kilometers paved and 145 kilometers unpaved, supporting urban access but challenged by maintenance needs in unpaved sections. Recent infrastructure improvements include AngloGold Ashanti's 2025 rehabilitation of the ETS road, a multi-kilometer stretch from Wawasi in Obuasi East to the municipal boundary, aimed at easing traffic and boosting connectivity for residents and mine operations. Additional upgrades encompass a 1.4-kilometer pavement on the Obuasi-Dunkwa near Nhyieso, completed in 2023 at a cost of GH₵990,000 to improve durability for heavy vehicle loads. Rail connectivity stems from the historic Western Line, constructed in the early 1900s to transport ore from Obuasi's mines to port, with ongoing emphasis on freight over passenger services amid national rail rehabilitation efforts. Passenger rail usage remains minimal, as Ghana's network prioritizes haulage from regions, with limited scheduled services available. Air access relies on Kumasi Airport, situated about 60 kilometers away, offering domestic and limited international flights for business and logistics related to the sector. A private airstrip serves Obuasi directly but is restricted to mine-affiliated operations without public commercial use. Daily mobility within Obuasi and to proximate areas depends on trotros—privately operated shared minibuses—and taxis, which handle informal routes efficiently despite variable reliability and overcrowding. These modes dominate , integrating with road upgrades to support the workforce to sites and urban centers.

Utilities, Housing, and Urban Development

Electricity supply in Obuasi is primarily managed by the Company of Ghana (ECG), which upgraded the Obuasi Bulk Supply Point in March 2025 to enhance reliability amid growing demand from mining and residential sectors. A new 33 kV sub-transmission feeder was commissioned in August 2025 to increase capacity, reflecting efforts to support industrial priorities like the mine, though outages persist due to events such as a substation in June 2025 requiring emergency restorations. Water utilities face significant challenges from mining-related pollution, with studies showing elevated in surface and near the Obuasi mine, compromising sources for municipal supply and . , via , treats 3.4 million cubic meters of mining wastewater annually for discharge compliance while producing 1.9 million cubic meters of potable , prioritizing mine operations over broader urban distribution. The Obuasi Municipal Assembly collaborates with the Ghana Water Company Limited for extensions, but pollution from both legal and exacerbates shortages and quality issues. Housing in Obuasi features a duality of company-built mine compounds for workers and sprawling informal settlements for non-mining residents, with compound housing—multi-household structures—dominating . Following the 2014 mine closure, a emerged with spontaneous informal luxury housing booms driven by retrenched miners' investments, contrasting with persistent shack-like informal areas lacking services. has spurred mine-provided accommodations, yet informal growth continues, straining urban . Urban development emphasizes post-mining revitalization, including the mine's phase completions by 2020 and ongoing expansions targeting sustainable operations. The "Grey to Green" initiative, launched by the Obuasi Municipal Assembly in July 2025, commissions tree-planting to reclaim degraded lands from , promoting greening for and aesthetic . National frameworks envision redesigning Obuasi as a model town with integrated human settlements, incorporating urban villages and botanical features amid planned expansions.

Social Services

Education and Human Capital Development

Obuasi's education system features a network of basic, secondary, and vocational institutions, with significant involvement from the gold mining sector in infrastructure and scholarships to build tailored to extractive industries. Literacy rates in the municipality exceed national averages, reflecting investments by operators like . In the 2010 census, 87.4% of the population aged 11 and older was literate, with males at 92.4% and females at 82.3%, compared to Ghana's national rate of about 71% at the time. More recent 2021 census data for Obuasi Municipal show approximately 87% literacy among those aged 11 and older, aligning with the Ashanti Region's 78% rate versus the national 69.8%. School enrollment remains robust, with 43.6% of those aged 3 and older attending in 2010, including 63.7% at basic levels and 15.5% at senior high , supported by mining company sponsorships that fund facilities and teacher training. Key institutions include the (AGA) School, established in 1961 with campuses offering primary and junior high education under world-class standards, and community-built facilities like Sanso Basic School as part of the company's 10-Year Sustainable Plan. Secondary options encompass Obuasi Senior High/Technical School, a public co-educational institution emphasizing technical subjects relevant to mining. Vocational training is prominent through specialized centers like IPSOK Training School, SMET Institute, and PBev Training Institute, which provide in operating such as excavators, bulldozers, and loaders—skills directly aligned with underground and surface operations. These programs enhance by addressing mining-specific needs, including safety protocols and machinery proficiency, with AngloGold Ashanti's interventions extending to STEM workshops and scholarships for local students. However, challenges persist, including skill mismatches where formal education fails to fully align with evolving industry demands like , contributing to gaps estimated at 2-3 percentage points in Ghana's economy if unresolved. Brain drain exacerbates this, as trained personnel migrate abroad or to urban centers for better opportunities, undermining local retention despite mining-driven investments.

Healthcare Provision and Access

The primary healthcare facilities in Obuasi include the Hospital, which operates as the second-largest hospital in the with 150 beds across eight wards and an , primarily serving mine workers but extending services to the broader community through the AGA Health Foundation. The Obuasi Government Hospital functions as a key public facility, supplemented by mission and private institutions such as the Seventh-Day Adventist Hospital, Bryant Mission Hospital, St. Jude Hospital, and Obuasi Ridge Hospital, alongside centers like the Central Market Health Centre and Kunca Health Centre. supports these efforts via mobile clinics and mini-clinic programs offering free screenings, counseling, and treatments for conditions including , HIV, , and , targeting underserved mine-adjacent communities. Access to care in Obuasi benefits from public-private partnerships, notably AngloGold Ashanti's collaboration with the Ghana Health Service and the Global Fund for malaria control initiatives, which have scaled indoor residual spraying and distributed insecticide-treated nets since 2012, reducing parasite prevalence in mining areas. The company has established Community-based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) compounds in remote areas like Apitikooko to deliver primary and maternal care directly to residents, addressing gaps for informal sector workers who lack mine-affiliated insurance. Capacity-building programs, such as training for local health professionals on disease management as of June 2023, further enhance service delivery. However, informal settlements experience uneven coverage, with reliance on these partnerships to bridge disparities between mine-dependent and non-mining populations. Infectious disease metrics in Obuasi reflect regional patterns, with remaining prevalent due to the and mining-related environmental factors; Ghana-wide incidence stood at 164.3 cases per 1,000 population in 2021, with facilities reporting high caseloads treatable via supported interventions. prevalence aligns with national estimates of around 1.7% among adults, managed through screening programs at mine-supported clinics, while and other respiratory infections are addressed via integrated surveillance under the . These outcomes demonstrate improved provision through targeted mine contributions, positioning Obuasi as an emerging healthcare hub in the as of 2023.

Sports, Recreation, and Community Life

Football dominates sports in Obuasi, with professional and amateur clubs centered around the mining community. Ashanti Gold Sporting Club (AshGold), founded in 1978 by employees of the as Goldfields Sporting Club, serves as the primary team and competes in the , utilizing the Len Clay Sports Stadium in Obuasi for home matches. The club receives sponsorship from , the operating company of the Obuasi mine, reflecting the mining sector's influence on local athletics. Additional teams, such as Adansi United Football Club and Desire Academy FC, participate in regional divisions, fostering youth development and community participation in lower-tier leagues. In May 2025, four clubs—St. Anovers, Watreso Power FC, Nacoro SC, and Obuasi Lion Boys—were crowned champions in the Obuasi East Colts Football League, highlighting grassroots competition. Recreational facilities in Obuasi emphasize and organized events, often supported by operations amid limited public green spaces due to the urban- landscape. The Obuasi Golf Club features an 18-hole course, a state-of-the-art academy with driving ranges, and practice areas equipped with modern technology for skill enhancement. sponsors annual tournaments, including the 7th Otumfuo Invitational Tournament teed off on October 11, 2025, by Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II, drawing participants and promoting leisure activities tied to corporate community initiatives. Such events provide recreational outlets, though broader access remains constrained by the town's industrial focus and infrastructure limitations. Community life revolves around mining worker associations that support social cohesion and advocacy without masking underlying dependencies on the industry. The Mineworkers’ Union (GMWU), established in 1944, represents over 16,000 members including those at Obuasi, engaging in policy dialogue and labor negotiations to address worker conditions. Local associations unify mine employees for mutual aid, while religious groups, such as bimonthly meetings organized by since at least 2024, focus on spiritual and professional support for staff. These structures facilitate collective action, though their efficacy is linked to the mine's operational status and economic fluctuations.

Environmental and Social Impacts

Environmental Degradation from Mining

Mining operations in Obuasi, encompassing both the large-scale activities of AngloGold Ashanti's Obuasi Gold Mine and widespread illegal small-scale mining known as , have caused extensive through water contamination, soil pollution, , and land conversion to waste facilities. Formal mining employs cyanide leaching and generates laden with , while amplifies impacts via unregulated mercury amalgamation and mechanized river dredging, leading to and disruption in the Ashanti gold belt. Local rivers and streams, including those draining the Obuasi concession, show elevated concentrations of such as , mercury, lead, and iron from and processing effluents, with studies documenting levels exceeding background norms by factors of 10 to 100 times in sediments and water samples. residues from and carbon-in-leach processes at the formal mine have been detected in nearby water bodies, posing risks to aquatic life when releases occur from dam overflows or spills. activities intensify this by direct discharge of mercury-contaminated slurries into rivers, resulting in persistent and increases that block light penetration and harm benthic habitats. Soil degradation manifests in elevated concentrations around tailings storage facilities like the Sansu (Dokyiwaa) , where geochemical analyses reveal and mercury levels in reclaimed soils surpassing Ghanaian environmental standards, facilitating ongoing mobilization into via and infiltration. Deforestation from clearing for open pits, haul roads, and galamsey pits has stripped vegetative cover across thousands of hectares in the Obuasi area, accelerating rates by up to 50 times natural baselines and promoting gullying in the undulating terrain of the . Land loss to infrastructure is substantial, with dams and waste rock dumps occupying over 1,000 hectares historically at the Obuasi site, rendering areas unproductive for or and serving as perpetual sources of and dispersion during rains. Illegal exacerbates this by creating abandoned pits that fill with water or erode further, fragmenting habitats and reducing in a region already pressured by .

Health Effects and Labor Conditions

Miners at the Obuasi gold mine face significant occupational health risks from respirable dust exposure, leading to elevated respiratory disorders. A 2017 cross-sectional study of 392 underground miners from the Obuasi and Prestea gold mines in Ghana reported prevalence rates of asthma at 47.55%, pneumonia at 14.29%, bronchitis at 9.69%, and emphysema at 5.10%, with coughing as the most common symptom cited by 35.4% of participants. These impairments are causally linked to chronic inhalation of silica-containing dust during drilling and blasting operations, as confirmed by spirometry tests showing reduced lung function parameters like forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume. Personal monitoring in Obuasi underground sections has recorded respirable dust levels averaging 0.78 mg/m³, below some international thresholds but still contributing to cumulative silica exposure risks over long tenures. Skin conditions and injuries from dust and chemical contact are also documented among Obuasi workers, accounting for 17.7% of reported occupational ailments in Ghanaian communities. Infectious disease burdens are heightened due to migrant labor dynamics and substandard housing, with comprising 42% of health cases in mining areas like Obuasi, followed by respiratory infections at 27%; these rates exceed national averages, driven by vector proliferation in disturbed environments and . A local study noted significantly higher acute upper infections among Obuasi residents, including workers' families, compared to non-mining controls. Labor conditions at the Obuasi mine have involved recurrent disputes over and , including a strike by local workers protesting pay gaps with expatriates, which halted operations and reduced output. Post-2014 operational redesign and recapitalization by introduced enhanced ventilation, mechanized equipment, and training protocols to mitigate underground hazards, transitioning from limited production to safer, deeper-level extraction. Despite these measures, a 2019 survey of Ghanaian gold miners found 26% reported work-related injuries in the prior year, often from falls, machinery, or collapses, with Obuasi exemplifying persistent risks in formal operations where adherence varies. Union negotiations have secured agreements addressing these issues, though enforcement gaps remain evident in injury data.

Mitigation, Controversies, and Local Perspectives

has implemented environmental mitigation measures at the Obuasi mine, including a 2024 initiative with Ghana's Environmental Protection Agency to plant over 2,000 trees on degraded lands as part of commemorations. The company's framework emphasizes , water management, and land rehabilitation to minimize operational impacts, supported by external audits and permits renewed as recently as 2018. However, broader challenges persist, with studies highlighting deficits in post-mining across Ghanaian sites, including Obuasi, where enforcement of restoration obligations remains inconsistent despite policy mandates. Controversies surrounding the Obuasi mine intensified in 2014 when announced a temporary closure for amid declining profitability and conflicts with artisanal miners encroaching on concessions, sparking protests over anticipated job losses affecting thousands of direct and indirect workers. Community accusations of and have led to ongoing disputes, though the company maintains compliance efforts, including Veolia-managed systems to treat and reuse mining effluents. These tensions reflect deeper company-community frictions, including clashes over resource access and perceived inadequate compensation, rather than isolated environmental violations. Local perspectives, drawn from studies of actors in Obuasi, reveal a pragmatic assessment where mining's economic contributions—such as for over 5,000 direct workers and development—often outweigh environmental drawbacks for many residents economically dependent on the sector. Surveys indicate favorable views on overall local impacts, with benefits like revenue generation and skills transfer cited as counterbalancing harms like , though calls for stronger mitigation persist among affected farmers. This dependence underscores causal realities: mine closure risks exacerbating more acutely than sustained operations with imperfect remediation, as evidenced by post-2014 unemployment spikes fueling surges.

Notable Residents

Prominent Figures from Obuasi

, raised in Obuasi after his birth on November 19, 1949, in Kibi, is a Ghanaian businessman who served as president and CEO of Ashanti Goldfields Company Limited from 1986 to 2000, during which he expanded operations to produce over 1 million ounces of gold annually and facilitated the company's listing on the London, , and stock exchanges. His leadership transformed the Obuasi mine into a global asset before its merger into in 2004. John Mensah, born November 29, 1982, in Obuasi, is a retired Ghanaian defender who captained the Black Stars at the and the , earning 35 caps. He played professionally in Europe for clubs including , (76 appearances, 2007–2011), and . Eric Agyemang, born January 11, 1980, in Obuasi, is a former professional footballer who represented Germany at youth levels before switching to Ghana internationally; he competed in the German lower divisions for clubs like and , scoring over 50 goals in regional leagues. Kwaku Manu, born March 6, 1984, in Obuasi, is a Ghanaian and known for roles in films like A Stab in the Dark and television presenting on shows such as Concert Party, with over 100 movie credits since his 2008 debut.

References

  1. https://www.anglogoldashanti.com/portfolio/africa/obuasi/
  2. http://oma.gov.gh/
  3. https://www.miningreview.com/magazine-article/reviving-obuasi-anglogold-ashantis-gold-mine-transformation/
  4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229014771_Gold_mining_and_the_socio-economic_development_of_Obuasi_in_Adanse
  5. https://landportal.info/library/resources/eldisa17572/gold-rush-impact-gold-mining-poor-people-obuasi-ghana
  6. https://mofa.gov.gh/site/sports/district-directorates/ashanti-region/170-obuasi-municipal
  7. https://statsghana.gov.gh/gssmain/fileUpload/2010%20Dist%20Rep/OBUASI.pdf
  8. https://latitude.to/map/gh/ghana/cities/obuasi
  9. https://www.mindat.org/loc-192427.html
  10. https://portergeo.com.au/database/mineinfo.php?mineid=mn030
  11. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1973832/000162828024017820/exhibit19157obuasitrsexhib.htm
  12. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10838772/
  13. https://en-za.topographic-map.com/map-f7b94s/Obuasi/
  14. https://weatherspark.com/y/40144/Average-Weather-in-Obuasi-Ghana-Year-Round
  15. https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/ghana/obuasi-climate
  16. https://en.climate-data.org/africa/ghana/ashanti-region-1325/
  17. https://mofa.gov.gh/site/directorates/55-district-directorates/district-ashanti/170-obuasi-municipal
  18. https://curriculumresources.edu.gh/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Geography_Section-10-TV.pdf
  19. https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/ghana
  20. https://www.internationalscholarsjournals.com/articles/a-study-of-precolonial-and-contemporary-methods-of-gold-mining-in-ghana.pdf
  21. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263817432_Traditional_Gold_Mining_in_the_Akan_States_of_Ghana
  22. https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/files/8984129/Fougerouse_Denis_2015.pdf
  23. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297062772_An_economic_history_of_the_Ashanti_Goldfields_Corporation_1895-2004_land_labour_capital_and_enterprise
  24. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-labor-and-working-class-history/article/worlds-of-labor-in-ghanas-gold-mining-industry-c-18951957/AD40D1116A331042030D44A27E318B8B
  25. https://www.dartmouth.edu/neudc2012/docs/paper_34.pdf
  26. https://www.internationalscholarsjournals.com/articles/a-study-of-labour-migration-during-the-colonial-period-to-the-obuasi-mines-in-ghana.pdf
  27. https://academic.oup.com/book/34807/chapter/297662639
  28. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40572166
  29. https://academic.oup.com/book/7355/chapter/152156648
  30. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4187526.pdf
  31. https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/Publications/Working-paper/PDF/wp2017-179.pdf
  32. https://www.iied.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/migrate/G00722.pdf
  33. https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/Country%2520Case%2520Study%2520Ghana.pdf
  34. https://secure.northernminer.com/financial-matters/randgold-and-anglogold-ashanti-to-revive-obuasi/1003707318/
  35. https://www.miningreview.com/gold/obuasi-creating-a-sustainable-future-for-anglogold-ashanti/
  36. https://miningdigital.com/supply-chain-and-operations/anglogold-invest-dollar500m-restart-obuasi-gold-mine
  37. https://ghanachamberofmines.org/news/anglogold-ashanti-obuasi-mine-redevelopment-project-launched/
  38. https://im-mining.com/2019/12/19/obuasi-gold-mine-becomes-modern-mechanised-mining-operation/
  39. https://reports.anglogoldashanti.com/23/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/AGA-OP23-OBUASI.pdf
  40. https://energycapitalpower.com/ghana-anglogold-ashanti-to-increase-obuasi-production-to-400000-ounces/
  41. https://www.mining.com/ghana-oks-anglogold-plan-reopen-mine-battled-illegal-miners/
  42. https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/reports/ghana/2014-report/economy/production-and-margins-rise-and-fall-with-the-price-of-gold
  43. https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2025/1/22/as-gold-prices-surge-ghana-faces-looming-crisis-over-illegal-mining
  44. https://www.mining-technology.com/news/aums-contract-anglogold-ashanti-obuasi-gold-mine/
  45. http://oma.gov.gh/our-profile/
  46. https://oeda.gov.gh/structure/
  47. https://oeda.gov.gh/
  48. https://mofep.gov.gh/sites/default/files/composite-budget/2025/AR/Obuasi.pdf
  49. https://mofep.gov.gh/sites/default/files/composite-budget/2024/AR/Obuasi.pdf
  50. http://oma.gov.gh/2023/04/17/obuasi-mce-calls-for-increase-in-mineral-royalties-to-minerals-development-fund/
  51. https://audit.gov.gh/files/audit_reports/Report_of_the_Auditor-General_on_the_Accounts_of_District_Assemblies_for_the_financial_year_ended_31_December_2023.pdf
  52. https://oeda.gov.gh/2023-audit-report-management-report-for-obuasi-east-district-assembly/
  53. https://www.modernghana.com/ghanahome/ghanavotes/2024/result_regions.asp?region_id=11
  54. https://www.ghanaweb.com/elections/2024/parliamentary-constituency-results/Obuasi-East-315
  55. https://www.peacefmonline.com/elections/2024/president/ashanti
  56. https://citinewsroom.com/2024/12/npps-decline-in-ashanti-region-voter-apathy-or-shift-in-loyalty-samuel-ackom-writes/
  57. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/229606132.pdf
  58. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016328713001201
  59. https://accrastreetjournal.com/2025/01/26/how-political-maneuvering-fuels-the-obuasi-mining-dispute/
  60. https://statsghana.gov.gh/gssmain/fileUpload/pressrelease/2021%20PHC%20General%20Report%20Vol%203A_Population%20of%20Regions%20and%20Districts_181121.pdf
  61. https://www.citypopulation.de/en/ghana/admin/ashanti/0605__obuasi_municipal/
  62. https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/ghana
  63. https://www.planetjanettravels.com/ghana-akwasidae-festival-celebrating-ashanti-kingdom-vibrant-culture/
  64. https://www.metmuseum.org/essays/gold-in-asante-courtly-arts
  65. https://reports.anglogoldashanti.com/24/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/AGA-AR24-REGIONAL-REVIEW.pdf
  66. https://cyanidecode.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/AngloObuasiSAR2024.pdf
  67. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/segweb/economicgeology/article/112/1/3/152575/Evidence-for-Two-Stages-of-Mineralization-in-West
  68. https://www.obuasimine.com/people
  69. https://eprints.lmu.edu.ng/1376/1/N%2520O%25202.pdf
  70. https://www.ecofinagency.com/news/2509-48996-the-cost-of-ghana-s-gold-deadly-clashes-amid-community-tensions
  71. https://goldbod.gov.gh/ghanas-mining-sector-injects-over-us5-5-billion-into-economy-in-2024/
  72. https://www.msn.com/en-xl/money/topstories/anglogold-ashanti-driving-obuasi-s-transformation-beyond-mining/ar-AA1BQZPL?ocid=finance-verthp-feeds
  73. https://www.modernghana.com/news/1337432/anglogold-ashanti-obuasi-mine-empowers-60-local.html
  74. https://www.voanews.com/a/reu-mothballed-ghana-gold-mine-reveals-risk-of-reliance-on-minerals/3487702.html
  75. https://scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2225-62532025000400004&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
  76. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234695422.pdf
  77. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X25000919
  78. https://www.africanews.com/2016/09/01/illegal-miners-in-ghana-risk-lives-to-survive-closure-of-anglogold-ashanti-s//
  79. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1124575.pdf
  80. https://www.rome2rio.com/s/Kumasi/Obuase
  81. https://gh.maptons.com/3303864-4310
  82. https://thechronicle.com.gh/obuasi-ets-road-rehabilitation-takes-shape/
  83. https://thebftonline.com/2023/08/10/anglogold-inaugurates-1-4-km-refurbished-road-in-obuasi/
  84. https://citinewsroom.com/2023/08/anglogold-ashanti-commissions-1-4-concrete-pavement-road-in-obuasi/
  85. https://maxwellinvestmentsgroup.com/2020/03/ghana63-the-railway-journey/
  86. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666691X22000094
  87. https://www.travelmath.com/nearest-airport/Obuasi%2C%2BGhana
  88. https://digilogic.africa/trotro-live-digitising-transportation-information/
  89. https://www.ecg.com.gh/index.php/ar/media-centre/news-events/ecg-commissions-upgraded-obuasi-bsp-for-power-reliability
  90. https://ecg.com.gh/blog/2025/08/26/ecg-commissions-33-kv-feeder-to-boost-power-in-obuasi-and-environs/
  91. https://dailystatesman.com.gh/emergency-teams-deployed-to-restore-power-in-obuasi-deputy-minister-of-energy/
  92. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272455616_Impact_of_Mining_Activities_on_Water_Resources_in_the_Vicinity_of_the_Obuasi_mine
  93. https://www.veolia.com/en/industries/obuasi-ghana-sustainable-valorization-water-gold-mining
  94. https://mofep.gov.gh/sites/default/files/composite-budget/2020/AR/Obuasi.pdf
  95. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0042098018798536
  96. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349725440_Paradox_of_Informal_Luxury_Housing_Boom_in_a_Post-Mining_Town_in_Ghana
  97. http://oma.gov.gh/2025/07/22/commissioning-of-tree-planting-exercise-grey-to-green/
  98. https://www.ndpc.gov.gh/media/4._Framework_-_Human_Settlements_and_Housing_Infrastructure.pdf
  99. https://oval-uk.com/Obuasi
  100. https://census2021.statsghana.gov.gh/subreport.php?readreport=MTMxOTU3MTAxLjg4MjU=&Ghana-2021-Population-and-Housing-Census-General-Report-Volume-3D
  101. https://gna.org.gh/2023/07/anglogold-ashanti-commended-for-educational-interventions/
  102. https://www.obuasimine.com/community/aga-school
  103. https://agaschool.edu.gh/welcome-message/
  104. https://www.facebook.com/Ashantikingdom1/posts/sanso-basic-school-in-obuasi-built-by-anglogold-ashanti-the-school-was-built-as-/1363058188459263/
  105. https://ges.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/SHSTVET_SCHOOLS.pdf
  106. https://www.ipsokminingtraining.com/
  107. https://www.facebook.com/p/SMET-Mining-Engineering-Institute-61555633855684/
  108. https://pbevminingtraining.com/
  109. https://thebftonline.com/2025/04/07/anglogold-ashanti-transforming-education-and-empowering-the-next-generation/
  110. https://www.facebook.com/agagobuasimine/posts/anglogold-ashanti-obuasi-mine-will-soon-be-launching-our-community-scholarship-s/1295991999198756/
  111. https://thebftonline.com/2025/08/20/the-role-of-skills-mismatch-in-the-productivity-challenge-bridging-the-gap-between-education-and-industry-needs/
  112. https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/716741468029682515/pdf/403280ESW0v10P10disclosed0711010910.pdf
  113. https://www.obuasimine.com/community/aga-health
  114. http://ghanahospitals.org/regions/district_facilities.php?r=ashanti&d=obuasi%2520municipal
  115. https://www.medpages.info/sf/index.php?page=servicesuburb&servicecode=82&townid=2106
  116. https://agahealthfoundation.org/mini-clinic-program.html
  117. https://reports.anglogoldashanti.com/24/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/AGA-SR24-SED-PROJECTS.pdf
  118. https://www.ccmghana.net/images/PRs/AGAMAL/AGA_Malaria_and_public_private_parternships_in_Ghana_s_Health_sector.pdf
  119. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7594257/
  120. https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/general/anglogold-ashanti-brings-primary-healthcare-to-doorstep-of-apitikooko/2023/4/
  121. https://ghanadistricts.com/Home/ReaderDistrict/9db7344-625c-4b7a-ac
  122. https://thebftonline.com/2024/07/17/anglogold-ashanti-on-course-to-bring-quality-healthcare-to-obuasi/
  123. https://www.afro.who.int/sites/default/files/2023-08/Ghana.pdf
  124. https://data.who.int/countries/288
  125. http://oma.gov.gh/2023/11/09/obuasi-becoming-the-hub-of-quality-healthcare-in-ashanti-region-mce/
  126. https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Ashanti-Gold-3598
  127. https://www.adansiunitedfc.com/
  128. https://x.com/desireacademyfc
  129. https://ghanaiantimes.com.gh/4-clubs-excel-in-obuasi-colts-football-league/
  130. https://www.facebook.com/p/Obuasi-GOLF-CLUB-100082010744120/
  131. https://www.facebook.com/61556319697764/posts/otumfuo-arrives-at-the-obuasi-golf-course-to-tee-off-the-anglogold-7th-otumfuo-i/122260877288210656/
  132. https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/partner/ghana_mine_workers_union/
  133. https://www.modernghana.com/news/1311721/church-of-pentecost-prophet-urge-mine-workers-to.html
  134. https://scholar.cgu.edu/allan-wicker/narratives/gold-mine-machine-operator/
  135. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800915301853
  136. https://journal-iasssf.com/index.php/AJTEOH/article/view/395
  137. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384466788_Assessing_the_Ecological_Footprint_of_Illegal_Mining_Galamsey_in_Ghana_A_Case_Study_of_Obuasi_Wassa_and_Sefwi_Bibiani
  138. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Distribution-of-Arsenic-and-Heavy-Metals-from-Mine-Bempah-Ewusi/69cf7c512c1d1c7ec049ce9cd6d07d56f1cc265a
  139. https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJEST/article-full-text-pdf/C5BAA7D12996
  140. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264045842_Geochemical_Assessment_of_the_Impact_of_Mine_Tailings_Reclamation_on_the_Quality_of_Soils_at_the_AngloGold_Concession_Obuasi_Ghana
  141. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/393057911_Monitoring_of_Mine_Tailings_Ponds_in_Ghana_A_Remote_Sensing-Based_Assessment
  142. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844019362772
  143. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5369172/
  144. https://discovery.researcher.life/article/respiratory-symptoms-and-lung-function-impairment-in-underground-gold-miners-in-ghana/b531eb6fdcb73e339c2b3b0a0a295d8e
  145. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262183147_Respirable_dust_exposure_in_underground_gold_miners_at_Obuasi_in_Ghana
  146. https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.5696/2156-9614-8.17.43
  147. https://journals.ug.edu.gh/index.php/hsij/article/download/2604/1543/
  148. https://www.reuters.com/article/business/finance/anglogold-says-ghana-output-hit-by-strike-idUSJOE5740KZ/
  149. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1973832/000162828025012896/obuasianalystssitevisitpre.pdf
  150. https://hiprc.org/blog/study-explores-mining-injuries-in-ghana/
  151. https://www.myjoyonline.com/aga-epa-plants-over-2000-trees-in-obuasi-to-save-degraded-lands/
  152. https://www.anglogoldashanti.com/sustainability/environment/
  153. https://www.e-mj.com/breaking-news/anglogold-ashanti-receives-obuasi-environmental-permits/
  154. https://revues.imist.ma/index.php/AJLP-GS/article/view/53322
  155. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/392631918_POST-MINING_LAND_RECLAMATION_DEFICITS_OF_MINING_COHORTS_IN_GHANA_-_IMPLICATIONS_FOR_ACHIEVING_LAND_DEGRADATION_NEUTRALITY
  156. https://ejatlas.org/print/obuasi-gold-mines-in-ashanti-region-ghana
  157. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S2214790X18301096
  158. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342943763_Mining_Environment_and_Community_Conflicts_A_Study_of_Company-Community_Conflicts_over_Gold_Mining_in_the_Obuasi_Municipality_of_Ghana
  159. https://isdsnet.com/ijds-v8n5-01.pdf
  160. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214790X24000017
  161. https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Samuel-Esson-Jonah-2650
  162. https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/it-bothers-me-that-people-think-i-should-ve-been-the-one-to-transform-obuasi-town-sam-jonah.html
  163. https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/102984
  164. https://ghanasoccernet.com/player-profiles/john-mensah/609
  165. https://www.transfermarkt.us/eric-agyemang/profil/spieler/12158
  166. https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/soccer/player.php?ID=251
  167. https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=826748423239261&set=a.208211921759584&type=3
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.