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The Groypers, or the Groyper Army, are a group of Christian nationalists and white nationalists loosely defined as followers, fans, or associates of Nick Fuentes.[4][5] They are named after a variant of Pepe the Frog, an internet meme.

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Groypers have attempted to introduce their politics into mainstream conservatism in the United States by various means and participated in the January 6 United States Capitol attack as well as the protests leading up to it. They have targeted other conservative groups and individuals whose agendas they view as contrary to the concept of "America First".[6][7] The Groyper movement has been described as homophobic, nativist, fascist, sexist, antisemitic, Islamophobic, and an attempt to rebrand the declining alt-right movement.[5][8][9][10] It has also been called accelerationist.[11]

What was later dubbed "The Groyper War" began in the fall of 2019, when Fuentes launched a social media campaign targeting Turning Point USA's "Culture War" college tour, led by Charlie Kirk. Enraged by the firing of a Fuentes ally as well as other political conflicts, Groypers disrupted college events by asking provocative questions on immigration, Israel, and LGBT rights, in an attempt to challenge mainstream conservative figures like Kirk, Donald Trump Jr., and Ben Shapiro, whom they labeled "Conservative Inc." The war gained traction after a November 2019 UCLA event where Trump Jr. was cut short by Groyper heckling, exposing divisions among conservatives. Fuentes expanded the movement with the Groyper Leadership Summit in December 2019 and the formation of America First Students in January 2020.

In February 2021, the Groyper movement splintered between Fuentes and Patrick Casey over fears of infiltration by federal informants and doxing at the 2021 America First Political Action Conference held by Fuentes. Jaden McNeil of America First Students joined in support of Fuentes's conference and accused Casey of disloyalty to Fuentes.[12][13] In August 2024, Fuentes initiated Groyper War 2, a digital war campaign pressuring Donald Trump's presidential campaign to adopt his stances, mainly by using memes as a form of trolling or edgelording.

Background and ideology

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Origins and symbolism of Groyper meme

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Groypers were led by activist Nick Fuentes (pictured in 2022).[14]

Fuentes's followers began to be known as Groypers in 2019. They are also sometimes called "Nickers".[5][15]

Groypers are named after a cartoon amphibian named "Groyper", a variant of the Internet meme Pepe the Frog. Groyper is depicted as a rotund, green, frog-like creature, often sitting with its chin resting on interlocked fingers.[16][17] There is some disagreement about the details: Groyper is variously said to be a depiction of Pepe,[18] a different character from Pepe but of the same species, or a toad.[16] The Groyper meme was used as early as 2015 and became popular in 2017.[19]

In 2018, a group of computer scientists studying hateful speech on Twitter observed the Groyper image being used frequently in account avatars among accounts identified as "hateful" in their dataset. The researchers observed that the profiles tended to be anonymous and collectively tweeted primarily about politics, race, and religion. They also found that the users were not "lone wolves" and could be identified as a community with a high network centrality.[20] The same year, Right Wing Watch reported that Massachusetts congressional hopeful Shiva Ayyadurai had created a campaign pin featuring a variation of the Groyper image, which RWW described as an attempt to appeal to far-right activists on 4chan, Gab, and Twitter who had adopted the meme.[21]

Social media engagement

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Groypers are very active online, particularly on X, and have engaged in targeted harassment.[15] Financial Times has reported that many Groypers use "deceptively anodyne" X biographies, describing themselves in terms that downplay their extremism, like "Christian conservative".[22]

In April 2020, The Daily Dot reported that Fuentes and other Groypers had begun to move to TikTok, where they streamed live and used the "duet" feature to respond to Trump supporters. Groypers particularly targeted one left-wing teenage girl for harassment, first on TikTok and then on other platforms.[22][23] Fuentes and some other Groyper accounts were banned from TikTok shortly after the Daily Dot article was published.[24]

Departure from the Republican Party

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Groypers present themselves as defenders of Christian conservatism, "traditional values", and American nationalism. Their ideology diverges sharply from mainstream American conservatives, including the Republican Party. Rather than conserving inherited institutions or practicing prudence and incremental reform, Groypers advance a racialized politics that appeal to xenophobia and resentment.[25] They criticize mainstream conservative organizations as insufficiently nationalist and pro-white, and employ tactics of entryism and radicalization such as gradually introducing their targets to increasingly extreme ideas.[26]

Fuentes has said, "We are the right-wing flank of the Republican Party". He has summarized his political ambitions by saying, "We have got to be on the right, dragging [Republicans] kicking and screaming into the future... Into a truly reactionary party".[27] In 2022, Fuentes advocated a "white uprising" to bring Donald Trump back to power and "never leave" and for the U.S. to "stop having elections" and abolish Congress.[28][29] But less than a year after Trump was reelected, Fuentes said "Trump 2.0 has been a disappointment in literally every way but nobody wants to admit it."[30] He criticized Trump's support of Israel, failure to release the Epstein Files, and offer of student visas to Chinese nationals, among other things.[30]

White nationalism, antisemitism, and social stances

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Groypers are widely recognized as a white nationalist, antisemitic, and homophobic movement.[31][3][32] Fuentes has said he has been "oppressed" by "the Jews" and blamed the Jewish community for antisemitism, claiming that matters "tend to go from zero to sixty" and that "the reason is them". He has said that matters would get "a lot uglier" for their community if they do not begin to support "people like us".[33][34] According to the Anti-Defamation League, Groypers blame the mainstream conservative movement as well as the political left for what they view as "destroying white America". They oppose immigration and globalism. Groypers support "traditional" values and Christianity and oppose feminism and LGBTQ rights.[3]

Groypers' questions often focus on United States–Israel relations, immigration policy, affirmative action, and LGBTQ conservatives.[7][35][8] They regularly use antisemitic dog whistles, including questions about the USS Liberty incident and references to the "dancing Israelis" conspiracy theory alleging Israeli involvement in the September 11 attacks.[4][3]

Following the assassination of Charlie Kirk in 2025, various online conspiracy theories tied the Groypers to the assassination.[36] Fuentes immediately condemned the shooting and asked his supporters not to "take up arms", saying the situation felt "like a nightmare".[37]

Groyper War

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Origins

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In September 2019, Ashley St. Clair, a "brand ambassador" for the conservative student group Turning Point USA, was photographed at an event featuring several allegedly white nationalist and alt-right figures, including Fuentes, Jacob Wohl, and Anthime Gionet, better known as "Baked Alaska". After Right Wing Watch brought the photographs to its attention, TPUSA issued a statement that it had severed ties with St. Clair and condemned white nationalism as "abhorrent and un-American".[38][39]

At the 2019 Politicon convention, Fuentes tried to attend several Turning Point events featuring its founder Charlie Kirk, including a line to take photos with Kirk and Kirk's debate with Kyle Kulinski of The Young Turks. Security repeatedly prevented him from approaching Kirk, and Fuentes accused Kirk of suppressing him to avoid a confrontation, as Fuentes had grown critical of Kirk's positions, which he believed were too weak.[40]

In the fall of 2019, Kirk launched a college speaking tour with TPUSA titled "Culture War", featuring himself and guests such as Rand Paul, Donald Trump Jr., Kimberly Guilfoyle, Lara Trump, and Dan Crenshaw.[3] In retaliation for St. Clair's firing and the Politicon incident, Fuentes began organizing a social media campaign asking his followers to go to Kirk's events and ask provocative and controversial leading questions about his stances on immigration, Israel, and LGBT rights to expose Kirk as a "fake conservative".

At a Culture War event hosted by Ohio State University on October 29, 11 out of 14 questions were asked by Groypers.[15] They included "Can you prove that our white European ideals will be maintained if the country is no longer made up of white European descendants?" They asked Kirk's co-host Rob Smith, a gay, black Iraq War veteran, "How does anal sex help us win the culture war?"[41] Fuentes's social media campaign against Kirk became known as the "Groyper Wars".[8][42] Kirk, Smith, and others at TPUSA, including Benny Johnson, began calling the questioners white supremacists and antisemites.[40][43]

Conservative commentator Michelle Malkin wrote an article for American Greatness attacking Kirk's immigration policies, particularly his stance that immigrants who graduate from U.S. universities should receive green cards.[44] After defending Fuentes and his followers, Malkin was fired as a speaker for Young America's Foundation, a rival organization to Turning Point whose events Groypers had also targeted.[45][46] Malkin later called herself a mother figure to and leader of the Groypers.[47][48][49]

UCLA incident

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Another Turning Point USA event the Groypers targeted was a promotional event for Donald Trump Jr.'s book Triggered, featuring Trump, Kirk, and Guilfoyle at the University of California, Los Angeles in November 2019. Anticipating further questions from Fuentes's followers, it was announced that the event's Q&A portion had been canceled, which led to heckling and boos from the mostly pro-Trump audience.[50] The disruptions forced the event, originally scheduled to last two hours, to end after 30 minutes.[51][52][4][53]

The Groyper Wars earned widespread media attention after the UCLA incident with Trump Jr. Chadwick Moore of Spectator USA commented that the ordeal revealed deep divisions within the American right among young voters, particularly Generation Z. Moore claimed this divide was due to the Groypers' viewing Kirk and others in the mainstream conservative movement as "snatching the baton and appointing themselves the guardians of 2016's spoils", despite holding beliefs that Fuentes and his followers believe conflict with Trump's "Make America Great Again" agenda.[54] Another Spectator author, Ben Sixsmith, claimed that Turning Point's unwillingness to respond to controversial questions and use of insults to dismiss its critics revealed the organization's hypocrisy after having "promoted themselves as the debate guys".[55]

Other targets, including Ben Shapiro

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Groypers' targets for heckling quickly expanded beyond Kirk and TPUSA[42][45] to other mainstream conservative groups and individuals, which they sometimes collectively call "Conservative Inc.", including Young America's Foundation and its student outreach branch Young Americans for Freedom, which included such speakers as Ben Shapiro and Matt Walsh of The Daily Wire and Jonah Goldberg of The Dispatch.[6][45] In December 2019, outside a venue where a TPUSA event was being held, Fuentes crossed paths with Shapiro, who was on his way to the event with his wife and children. Fuentes confronted him over his past public speaking comments. Shapiro refused to acknowledge him.[56] Fuentes faced widespread condemnation from politicians and various pundits—including Nikki Haley, Meghan McCain, Sebastian Gorka, Megyn Kelly, and Michael Avenatti—for confronting Shapiro while he was with his family.[57]

Addressing the increase in attention to the far right due to Kirk's aggressive questioning, Shapiro gave a speech at Stanford University in which he attacked Fuentes (without naming him) and his followers as essentially a rebranded version of the alt-right.[58][59][60]

Groyper Leadership Conference

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In December 2019, Fuentes held the Groyper Leadership Summit in Florida. A small group attended in person, and others joined via livestream. The event was held at the same time and in the same city as TPUSA's Student Action Summit (SAS); Groypers argued with SAS attendees outside their venue, and Fuentes, Patrick Casey, and some Groypers were removed from the SAS venue after attempting to enter. At the Groyper Leadership Summit, Fuentes, Casey, and former InfoWars contributor Jake Lloyd spoke about the Groypers' strategy and ideology.[61]

In January 2020, Groyper and former leader of Kansas State University's TPUSA chapter Jaden McNeil formed the KSU organization America First Students. The group, which shares a name with Fuentes's America First podcast, was conceived at the Groyper Leadership Summit, and Groyper leaders have helped promote it. The America First Students organization, which says it formed "in defense of Christian values, strong families, closed borders, and the American worker", is considered to promote the Groyper movement.[62][63]

In February 2020, Fuentes spoke at several events held as rival events to the Conservative Political Action Conference. One of these, hosted by the online publication National File, featured Fuentes, Alex Jones of InfoWars, and Proud Boys founder Gavin McInnes.[64][65] Fuentes hosted the first annual America First Political Action Conference, which included such speakers as Patrick Casey, former Daily Caller author Scott Greer, and Malkin.[66]

January 6 United States Capitol attack

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Groypers were present at the January 6 United States Capitol attack and prominent among those who participated in the early waves of attack on the Capitol.[67] Exact numbers are not known, but several were arrested. In February 2021, the Anti-Defamation League reported that it had identified ten Groypers or related white supremacists involved in the riots.[68] Fuentes and Casey were on the Capitol steps and celebrated the temporary disruption of Congress, but have not been charged.[69][70] Both were subpoenaed by the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack in January 2022 for their role in planning the attack.[70]

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  • Riley Williams of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, was accused of invading Nancy Pelosi's office and stealing her laptop and gavel and generally accelerating the attack. She was tried and found guilty of six charges, including a felony count of civil disorder. On March 23, 2023, Williams was sentenced to three years in prison with three years' probation and fined.[71][72][73]
  • Christian Secor of Costa Mesa, California, was at the Capitol, where he allegedly flew the Groyper flag. He was convicted of obstruction of an official proceeding, civil disorder, assault, and resisting arrest, and sentenced to 42 months in prison.[74]
  • Joseph Brody of Springfield, Virginia, and four others acted as a group that assisted the mob "in using a metal barricade against a U.S. Capitol Police officer, knocking the officers back as he attempted to secure the North Door". He was convicted of assaulting a police officer, resisting or impeding law enforcement officers, causing bodily injury, interfering with a law enforcement officer during a civil disorder, and obstruction of an official proceeding.[75][76][77]
  • David Dempsey of Los Angeles, California, received a 20-year sentence for attacking several law enforcement officers on January 6. This was the second-longest sentence for anyone involved in the insurrection. Before sentencing, Dempsey apologized to the police officers in the courtroom, saying he had a "profound sense of regret", but as he was led out of the room after sentencing he made a hand sign associated with the Groyper movement.[78]
  • Thomas Carey of Pittsburgh, Ohio, Gabriel Chase of Gainesville, Florida, Jon Lizak of Cold Spring Harbor, New York, and Paul Ewald Lovley of Halethorpe, Maryland, all pleaded guilty to demonstrating in a Capitol building and were each fined $500.[79][80][75]
  • Groyper influencer Anthime Gionet, known as Baked Alaska, was arrested for his role in storming the Capitol building, which he live-streamed. According to the Institute for Strategic Dialogue, "During the riot, he wore Pit Viper sunglasses, which have since been adopted as a symbol by the Groypers."[81][82]
  • Tristan Sartor of Ruffs Dale, Pennsylvania, was charged with criminally entering a restricted building and attempting to "impede or disrupt the orderly conduct of Government business" at the Capitol.[83][84]

Groyper War 2

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In August 2024, Fuentes began a "digital war" against Trump's presidential campaign, which he dubbed "Groyper War 2", referencing his followers' activities in 2019.[85] In response to Trump's poor polling, Fuentes began calling on his followers to "bring the energy with memes, edits, replies, and trolls" aimed at pressuring Trump's campaign to adopt further-right positions on race and immigration, as well as urging Trump to fire his campaign advisors Chris LaCivita and Susie Wiles.[86] In addition to directing his followers to make their demands trend on X and Truth Social, Fuentes threatened to "escalate pressure in the real world", urging followers to withhold their votes and protest Trump rallies in battleground states.[85] A senior researcher for the Institute for Strategic Dialogue speculated that Fuentes's "crude" attempts at platform manipulation could be a blueprint for more sophisticated actors, such as hostile states, to engage in foreign election interference due to the lack of enforcement actions taken by X and Truth Social in response to Fuentes's brief influence campaign.[87][88]

Shortly after initiating this effort, Fuentes took credit for Trump's rehiring of Corey Lewandowski as a senior campaign advisor. An anonymous source cited by The Washington Post claimed that Fuentes was making it "far more difficult for Trump" to make changes to his campaign "if it looks like he's responding to the groypers".[85]

Political activism

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Disavowals and challenges

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The Groyper movement has mostly failed to gain political traction, often being disavowed by the politicians it has attempted to support. Congressman Paul Gosar, the keynote speaker at Fuentes's AFPAC II in 2021, disavowed Fuentes and his followers the next day while addressing CPAC.[89] At AFPAC III in 2022, several political figures Fuentes claimed were slated to speak, including Arizona gubernatorial nominee Kari Lake and former acting Director of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Thomas Homan, did not attend and disavowed the event upon learning of Fuentes's views.[90][91] The conference's keynote speaker, Congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene, later said she did not know who Fuentes was and, upon learning of his views, condemned him.[92]

One of the candidates Fuentes endorsed in the 2022 midterms who later disavowed his endorsement was Joe Kent, who ran in Washington's 3rd congressional district.[93] In response to Kent's disavowal, Fuentes began organizing an online campaign against him, and although Kent ultimately won the Republican nomination, defeating incumbent Congresswoman Jaime Herrera Beutler,[94] he narrowly lost to Marie Gluesenkamp Perez in the general election.[95] A few Republicans supported Perez as a result of both the questioning of Kent's past and the motives of right-wing voters and influencers such as Fuentes; Perez also gained mainstream Republican support by flipping on issues such as abortion.[96]

Electoral involvement

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Of the AFPAC III speakers who did not rescind their support for Fuentes, only two ran for major office: Lieutenant Governor of Idaho Janice McGeachin and Arizona State Senator Wendy Rogers. Rogers won a competitive primary that year and was reelected, but she was censured for her remarks at the conference calling for political violence.[97] McGeachin, who ran for governor of Idaho that year, lost the primary to incumbent Governor Brad Little by a 20-point margin.

Fuentes and the Groyper movement later supported Laura Loomer's candidacy for Florida's 11th congressional district in 2022.[98] On the night of the primary, Fuentes attended Loomer's election watch party, and they were filmed sharing a toast as results came in that seemed to suggest Loomer would defeat incumbent Congressman Daniel Webster; Loomer toasted "to the hostile takeover of the Republican Party".[99] When additional results came in confirming Loomer's loss to Webster by 7 points, she claimed without evidence in a speech to her supporters that her loss was due to voter fraud.[100][101]

Kanye West campaign

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In late 2022 and early 2023, the Groyper movement shifted away from its longtime position of supporting Trump and instead began promoting Kanye West's presidential campaign. West brought Fuentes to a dinner at Mar-a-Lago with Trump, which generated significant controversy and raised Fuentes's profile; Trump later disavowed Fuentes, saying he was not initially aware of Fuentes's views.[102][103] West's campaign soon included other figures in the Groyper movement, including Milo Yiannopoulos,[104] Ali Alexander,[105] and Rumble streamer Sneako.[106] Many Groypers, including fellow streamers on Fuentes's website Cozy.tv, began using their platforms to promote West's antisemitic views.[107] Two Cozy streamers, Dalton Clodfelter and Tyler Russell, began streaming themselves harassing students at college campuses with a table display reading "Ye is Right—Change my Mind", a slogan that derived from a college tour by right-wing commentator Steven Crowder.[108][109]

Jewish student groups and allies frequently protested these events, playing music on loudspeakers and chanting to drown out the streamers' speeches.[110] The planned college tour was canceled after less than a month when Clodfelter lost the funding for both the tour and the Rumble channel associated with it.[111]

On May 4, 2023, it was reported that West had fired Fuentes and Alexander, the latter of whom had become embroiled in a sexual harassment scandal involving young men and underage boys, and rehired Yiannopoulos, who had since split from Fuentes and was the first person to leak the allegations against Alexander, despite initially denying the rumors on an episode of InfoWars.[112][113]

References

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Further reading

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Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Groypers

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The Groypers, also known as the Groyper Army, constitute a decentralized network of young online activists and provocateurs centered around political commentator , employing the eponymous Groyper meme—a variant of the Pepe the Frog character—to challenge mainstream conservatism toward stricter nationalist positions. The movement emphasizes "America First" principles, including opposition to mass immigration, U.S. foreign interventions, and cultural multiculturalism, while promoting traditional Christian ethics and opposition to neoconservatism. Fuentes has declared himself a Groyper in solidarity with the movement, stating, "I am a Groyper."

Origins and Background

The Groyper Meme and Early Online Presence

The Groyper is an internet meme character consisting of a rotund, green, toad-like amphibian, depicted in a seated position with its chin resting on interlocked fingers in a contemplative pose. It emerged around 2015–2016 on 4chan boards like /r9k/ and /v/ as a variant of the Pepe the Frog meme, a cartoon character originally created by artist Matt Furie in 2005 for his non-political comic Boy's Club, and first appeared on 4chan around 2015, initially as a smug, reclining iteration of Pepe employed in anonymous imageboard discussions. By 2017, the Groyper had gained traction within fringe online subcultures, circulating primarily on platforms like 4chan's /pol/ board in threads critiquing cultural and political norms. Some observers noted its use in Australian 4chan communities, where it was termed "Easter Toad," though the precise etymology of "Groyper" remains undocumented. Proposed alternative theories, drawn from online discussions and etymological sources, include an alteration of "grope" (to touch inappropriately), onomatopoeia mimicking a toad's croak (e.g., sounding like "groyp"), a portmanteau of "goy" (Yiddish slang for a non-Jewish person) and "griper" (someone who complains persistently), or simply a nonsense or funny-sounding name invented for the character. Prior to its formal politicization, the Groyper functioned as an in-group signal in decentralized, pseudonymous environments such as imageboards, fostering loose networks of users who deployed it via meme warfare tactics like shitposting and reaction images to amplify contrarian viewpoints.

Formation as a Political Movement

The Groyper movement coalesced around Nick Fuentes' America First commentary series, which debuted in 2017 and drew a following among disaffected young right-wing audiences, including dissatisfied MAGA supporters who criticized Trump or the GOP as insufficiently radical—particularly regarding pro-Israel policies or perceived globalism—as well as those attracted to his anti-feminism, traditionalist Catholic framing, and resentment toward establishment conservatism, critiquing establishment conservatism on issues like immigration restriction, opposition to foreign wars, and cultural traditionalism. Supporters adopted the Groyper meme—a green, smug-faced frog variant of Pepe—as a symbolic banner to distinguish themselves from mainstream conservatives and adjacent online right-wing subcultures, signaling an uncompromising nationalist posture. Fuentes' fans specifically embraced the Groyper image as their mascot and began referring to themselves as Groypers around 2019. This subculture evolved from Fuentes' streams and social media into coordinated networks on platforms like Telegram and Discord, where participants shared memes, debated ideology, and organized challenges against groups perceived as insufficiently nationalist, such as Turning Point USA. The group rose to prominence that year during the "Groyper War," a coordinated trolling campaign that disrupted events hosted by mainstream conservative organizations like Turning Point USA, where participants posed loaded questions on immigration, Israel, and LGBT issues to challenge "Conservative Inc." figures. By 2018, these efforts had solidified a loose but ideologically unified group identity centered on "America First" priorities, shifting from digital trolling to structures supporting real-world activism. Although centered on white identitarian messaging, the movement has attracted a small minority of non-white supporters, including some Black conservatives and podcasters drawn to Fuentes' strident anti-Israel stance and criticisms of perceived Jewish influence. Following the 2017 Charlottesville rally, the movement rejected broader alt-right associations, pivoting to a youth-oriented nationalism that avoided overt symbolic imagery like swastikas while upholding ethnonationalist and anti-interventionist positions. This strategic positioning, along with emphasis on personal loyalty to Fuentes and enforcement of ideological purity tests on immigration, Jewish influence, and Christian values, attracted recruits seeking alternatives to liberal democracy and diluted GOP orthodoxy.

Leadership and Key Figures

Nick Fuentes serves as the central leader of the Groypers, a loose network of online activists and trolls who emerged as his followers and associates starting around 2017. He hosts the daily "America First" livestream and podcast, which attracts an audience of thousands and disseminates the movement's critiques of mainstream conservatism. Fuentes founded the America First Political Action Conference (AFPAC) in February 2020 as a platform for Groyper-aligned speakers, positioning it as a rival to events like the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC). Through these channels, he directed the 2019 Groyper Wars, coordinating disruptions at Turning Point USA events to challenge perceived ideological impurities in the conservative movement. While the Groypers lack a formal hierarchy, several figures have played prominent roles in amplifying Fuentes' influence. Patrick Casey, previously leader of the American Identity Movement (formerly Identity Evropa), collaborated with Fuentes on early activism, including Groyper challenges, but split from the group in February 2021 amid concerns over FBI infiltration. Vincent James, a former YouTuber with a large Telegram following of over 41,000 subscribers as of 2022, contributes content on immigration and cultural issues and has spoken at AFPAC gatherings. Jaden McNeil, who resigned as president of Turning Point USA at Kansas State University, established America First Students to promote Groyper ideas on campuses. Other associates include Jacob Lloyd, who helped formulate provocative questions for Groyper event disruptions and spoke at the 2019 Groyper Leadership Summit, and Anthime Gionet (known as Baked Alaska), a livestreamer linked to Groyper symbols like Pit Viper sunglasses. Conservative commentator Michelle Malkin has supported the group publicly, speaking at America First events and referring to herself as a maternal figure to Groypers, though she maintains distance from more extreme elements. These individuals operate within Fuentes' orbit, contributing to the movement's online mobilization and occasional offline actions, but ultimate direction remains tied to his platform.

Ideology and Principles

America First Nationalism

The Groypers' America First Nationalism emphasizes U.S. sovereignty, cultural integrity, and demographic stability, presented as a defense against globalism, multiculturalism, and mass immigration. Drawing from principles articulated by Nick Fuentes via the America First Foundation, founded in 2020, it combines Trump-era populism with nationalism, prioritizing loyalty to the nation's founding European Christian heritage over universalist or interventionist approaches. This framework advocates restoring traditional virtues, family structures, and Christian influence in public life to address perceived cultural decline and erosion of national identity. A core element is opposition to mass immigration, described in movement rhetoric as eroding America's ethnic and religious foundations through demographic changes. Fuentes has employed "replacement" language in speeches, calling for resistance to policies altering the nation's composition. Advocates push for halting or restricting immigration, enforcing assimilation into a Christian Western framework, and opposing bipartisan measures seen as enabling resource strains and sovereignty loss. On economics, it supports protectionism to protect native workers from offshoring and foreign-favoring trade deals, promoting self-sufficiency over global free markets. In foreign policy, the ideology favors non-interventionism, opposing endless wars, foreign aid, and alliances that prioritize international entities over U.S. interests, including resistance to aid for Ukraine or unconditional support for Israel as diversions from domestic needs. This approach critiques neoconservative sway within the Republican Party, advocating isolationism to rebuild internal national strength.

Christian Nationalism and Traditionalism

The Groypers advocate Christian nationalism, asserting that the United States was founded as a Christian nation and that public policy must align with biblical principles to preserve societal order and moral integrity. Leader Nick Fuentes has publicly declared himself a Christian nationalist, emphasizing the need for Christianity to guide governance and reject secular liberalism. This stance involves opposition to abortion, same-sex marriage, and what they term cultural Marxism, viewing these as threats to traditional Christian ethics. Influenced by Catholic integralism, Groypers argue for the integration of Church doctrine into state functions, where civil authority serves the spiritual common good rather than individual autonomy or pluralism. Fuentes promotes a vision of America under "Christ the King," prioritizing Catholic moral teachings on issues like immigration and family structure over democratic relativism. They critique mainstream conservatism for compromising on social issues, insisting on a return to pre-modern Christian norms that subordinate personal liberty to communal piety and hierarchical order. Traditionalism within the movement emphasizes patriarchal family units, high birth rates among Christians, and rejection of feminism and gender ideology as antithetical to natural law. Groypers frame these values as essential for national survival, linking demographic decline to moral decay and advocating policies that incentivize traditional households. Their rhetoric aspires to restore a confessional state where Christianity informs all aspects of law and culture.

Critiques of Mainstream Conservatism

Groypers describe mainstream conservatism, which they term "Conservatism Inc.," as prioritizing institutional interests and donor priorities over American sovereignty and traditional values. They argue that outlets like National Review and events such as the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) offer rhetorical opposition to cultural and demographic changes without achieving policy outcomes. Groypers critique mainstream conservatism's foreign policy for emphasizing support for Israel and Middle Eastern interventions over domestic priorities. They point to U.S. aid to Israel, including billions annually, contrasted with limited action on border security, such as the 2.5 million migrant encounters at the southwest border in fiscal year 2023. Fuentes and others contrast this with the isolationist approaches of earlier conservatives like Pat Buchanan. On immigration, Groypers contend that mainstream conservatives have failed to restrict mass immigration, including amnesties and expansions of legal pathways like H-1B visas, despite periods of Republican control. They attribute this to influences from globalist economic interests rather than nationalism. In cultural matters, Groypers accuse mainstream conservatism of tolerating progressive shifts, such as acceptance of homosexuality, feminism, and multiculturalism, which they view as undermining Christian foundations and demographic majorities. During the 2019 Groyper Wars, they questioned figures like Charlie Kirk on topics including sodomy and gay marriage, highlighting perceived ideological inconsistencies. They argue conservatives avoid challenging institutional left-wing dominance in media and academia. Economically, Groypers criticize free-trade policies and offshoring for contributing to manufacturing job losses, from 19.5 million in 1979 to 12.9 million by 2023, and wage stagnation linked to agreements like NAFTA and China's WTO entry. They advocate tariffs and immigration restrictions as alternatives to restore self-sufficiency, positions often labeled populist by mainstream sources.

Major Campaigns and Tactics

The Groyper War of 2019

The Groyper War of 2019 involved a series of disruptions by Groypers, followers of Nick Fuentes, targeting Turning Point USA's (TPUSA) "Culture War" campus tour. Announced by Fuentes in late September 2019, the campaign sought to confront TPUSA founder Charlie Kirk and other speakers on perceived departures from "America First" principles, including immigration policy, U.S. foreign aid to Israel, and cultural matters such as homosexuality. Groypers employed tactics of attending public Q&A sessions to ask provocative questions, aiming to highlight ideological inconsistencies or influences from neoconservative or pro-Israel groups, which were then amplified online via live streams and memes. A representative incident occurred at Ohio State University, where Groypers questioned Kirk on topics like U.S.-Israel ties—referencing the "Dancing Israelis" conspiracy theory—and the role of homosexuality in the culture war, prompting Kirk to denounce the questioners as white supremacists and antisemites without substantive engagement. Another key event took place at UCLA in November 2019, where Groypers heckled Kirk and Donald Trump Jr. over Israel support and immigration, leading to the event's early termination after about 20 minutes of interruptions. In response, TPUSA adapted by pre-screening questions and increasing security at events, while publicly condemning Fuentes and his followers as fringe alt-right trolls. The campaign underscored divisions within the right, with Groypers portraying mainstream groups like TPUSA as compromised by donor influences and globalism, ultimately enhancing Fuentes' prominence among dissident audiences despite the disruptions' containment.

Groyper War 2 and 2024 Efforts

In August 2024, Nick Fuentes announced "Groyper War 2," framing it as a digital offensive against Donald Trump's presidential campaign for allegedly compromising on core America First priorities, including non-interventionist foreign policy and strict immigration enforcement. The initiative echoed the 2019 Groyper War's disruptive tactics but shifted to online mobilization, directing followers to deploy memes, trolls, and coordinated social media barrages to highlight perceived concessions to establishment Republicans, such as outreach to neoconservative donors or moderation on issues like Ukraine aid. Fuentes positioned the campaign as a push to force Trump to purge advisors seen as insufficiently nationalist and recommit to isolationism, mass deportations, and opposition to globalist influences, with specific demands amplified during high-profile moments like Trump's live interviews on X in August and September 2024, where Groyper activity reportedly peaked. Tactics included grassroots protests and digital harassment targeting campaign surrogates, though analyses from monitoring groups noted limited direct policy shifts, attributing any visibility gains to broader amplification by aligned online networks. Groyper-aligned efforts in 2024 also included the America First Political Action Conference (AFPAC) in February, hosted by Fuentes as an organizing venue for critiquing mainstream conservatism.

Online Trolling and Meme Warfare

Groypers conduct online trolling and meme warfare to challenge mainstream conservatives, whom they deride as insufficiently committed to priorities such as restriction and opposition to foreign entanglements. Followers deploy Groyper memes across social media to mock perceived betrayals, such as support for high immigration levels or unconditional aid to , often through ironic or exaggerated depictions that amplify critiques. Tactics involve coordinated "shitposting" campaigns, where participants flood comment sections, forums, and event live streams with memes and pointed questions designed to provoke defensive responses and expose inconsistencies. During the 2019 Groyper War against Turning Point USA events, online activity complemented in-person disruptions by circulating video clips of evasive answers alongside memes labeling speakers as "cuckservatives" or globalists. This digital amplification, conducted via platforms like Twitter (pre-ban) and Telegram channels, aimed to viralize content and pressure conservative organizations to address taboo topics. Following deplatforming from major sites—Nick Fuentes was permanently banned from Twitter in July 2021 and YouTube earlier—Groypers shifted to alternative networks like Cozy.tv and Gab, sustaining meme production through encrypted groups. The approach relies on irony and edgelord humor to evade censorship while building a parallel digital ecosystem, with memes serving as low-cost vectors for ideological recruitment.

Political Activities and Involvement

Participation in January 6 Events

Several members of the Groyper movement attended the January 6, 2021, rally in Washington, D.C., organized by then-President Donald Trump to protest the 2020 election certification. Leaders Nicholas J. Fuentes and Patrick Casey were present on the Capitol grounds, having promoted participation in preceding "Stop the Steal" events. The House Select Committee subpoenaed both on January 19, 2022, for their roles in amplifying election fraud claims and rally attendance. Footage showed groups identifying with the Groyper Army entering the Capitol, including individuals with a large blue flag. At least five America First associates, including Jeffrey Brody, faced federal charges for coordinated entry into restricted areas. Paul Lovley, linked to America First, pleaded guilty alongside co-defendants described as group members. Other cases involved individuals associated with Groyper content, such as Riley June Williams, convicted of violent entry and disorderly conduct, and Christian Secor, sentenced for seditious conspiracy after entering the Capitol. Neither Fuentes nor Casey faced charges for direct entry or violence. Post-event, Fuentes and Casey clashed publicly over strategies, contributing to internal movement fractures.

Endorsements, Rallies, and Activism

The Groypers' primary rallies center on the America First Political Action Conference (AFPAC), an annual event founded by Nick Fuentes in February 2020 as an alternative to the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC). AFPAC features speeches emphasizing nationalist themes, with attendance drawn from Fuentes' online followers and aligned activists; the 2021 event in Orlando, Florida, attracted hundreds of participants. The 2023 conference was held at a venue across from the CPAC site in National Harbor, Maryland, positioning it as a parallel gathering for dissident conservatives. Notable Republican elected officials who have spoken at AFPAC include U.S. Representative Paul Gosar (keynote, 2021), Representatives Marjorie Taylor Greene and Gosar (2022), Arizona State Senator Wendy Rogers (2022), and Idaho Lieutenant Governor Janice McGeachin (2022), highlighting shared priorities such as immigration restriction and opposition to establishment conservatism. Groyper endorsements and activism target candidates advancing restrictive immigration and nationalist platforms, employing coordinated online efforts and on-the-ground actions to influence GOP primaries. During the 2024 U.S. elections, Groyper-affiliated groups in Arizona provided hot dogs and burgers to voters at polling sites, violating state laws prohibiting food distribution within 75 feet of ballot drop boxes. Arizona State Senator Wendy Rogers, a frequent AFPAC speaker, solicited Groyper assistance via Telegram in 2022 to oppose rival Republican Ron Watkins in a primary. Fuentes and followers claim credit for shifting Republican rhetoric toward stricter immigration controls through viral campaigns pressuring figures like Donald Trump. Direct formal endorsements from Fuentes remain selective, focused on "America First" loyalists.

Interactions with Broader Right-Wing Figures

Groypers, led by Nick Fuentes, have frequently confronted mainstream conservative figures at public events to challenge their positions on immigration, foreign policy, and cultural issues, viewing them as insufficiently committed to America First principles. In 2019, Groyper adherents disrupted Turning Point USA events featuring Charlie Kirk, posing questions about Jewish influence in media and support for mass immigration, which they framed as tests of ideological purity. Similar tactics were employed against Ben Shapiro during his speaking tour at Boston University on November 12, 2019, where attendees questioned his stances on Israel and demographic changes in the U.S. These interactions highlighted tensions between Groypers and establishment conservatives, whom Fuentes accused of promoting neoconservative policies over nationalism. Despite criticisms of figures like Kirk and Shapiro, Groypers have expressed conditional support for Donald Trump, praising his 2016 campaign rhetoric on borders and trade while faulting his administration for perceived betrayals, such as high legal immigration levels. On November 22, 2022, Fuentes dined with Trump and Ye (formerly Kanye West) at Mar-a-Lago, an event Trump described as quick and unplanned, though it drew widespread condemnation from Republican leaders for associating with Fuentes' views. By August 2024, Fuentes escalated rhetoric against Trump, declaring a "war" over the former president's refusal to adopt more restrictive immigration policies and perceived moderation. Fuentes' association with Ye extended beyond the Trump dinner, including joint appearances and video posts in early 2025, where they discussed shared grievances against establishment media and Hollywood. Ye's public alignment with Fuentes amplified Groyper talking points on censorship and cultural decline, though it contributed to Ye's further isolation from mainstream conservative circles. These engagements underscore Groypers' strategy of infiltrating or allying with high-profile right-wing personalities to push for a harder nationalist line, often resulting in public repudiations from broader conservative institutions.

Accusations of White Nationalism and Antisemitism

Critics, including advocacy organizations such as the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) and the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), have accused the Groyper movement of promoting white nationalism through its advocacy for strict immigration restrictions aimed at preserving a white, European-descended demographic majority in the United States, viewing such positions as prioritizing ethnic identity over civic nationalism. These groups describe Groypers as a rebranded iteration of alt-right activism, citing online rhetoric that emphasizes "white identity politics" and opposition to multiculturalism as evidence of supremacist undertones, despite the movement's framing of its goals as cultural preservation rather than racial superiority. Fuentes has stated that "Anyone that has any genuine racial hatred, there’s something wrong with you." Nick Fuentes, the movement's central figure, has rejected the white nationalist label, describing "white supremacist" as an "anti-white slur" deployed to stifle debate on demographic shifts and national sovereignty. Accusations intensified during the 2019 Groyper Wars, where supporters disrupted Turning Point USA events with questions challenging mainstream conservatives on immigration and foreign aid, which critics interpreted as veiled appeals to white grievance narratives, though participants maintained the inquiries targeted policy inconsistencies rather than race explicitly. On antisemitism, detractors highlight Fuentes' statements questioning the Holocaust's death toll—such as smirking denials of its scale in a 2021 video—and his 2023 rally declaration, "I love you, and I love Hitler," as direct endorsements of historical antisemitic figures and narratives. Further evidence cited includes rhetoric targeting "Talmudic Jews" as adversaries in cultural wars and associations with Kanye West, whose 2022 antisemitic outbursts preceded a Mar-a-Lago dinner with Fuentes and former President Trump on November 22, 2022, amplifying perceptions of normalized bigotry. Groyper disruptions have frequently invoked themes of disproportionate Jewish influence in media, finance, and U.S. foreign policy, such as queries during the Groyper Wars about prioritizing Israel over domestic borders, which outlets like Newsweek and the ADL classify as recycling antisemitic tropes of dual loyalty and control, even as proponents argue they reflect legitimate scrutiny of lobbying and neoconservative priorities. Sources advancing these accusations, including the ADL, have themselves drawn criticism for expansive definitions that equate anti-Zionism or Israel policy critiques with Jew-hatred, potentially inflating claims against figures opposing unconditional U.S. support for Israel. Despite this, Fuentes' explicit Holocaust skepticism and Hitler affinity provide empirical basis for the charges, distinguishing them from mere policy disagreements.

Baseless Associations with Violence (e.g., Kirk Assassination Theories)

The assassination of conservative activist Charlie Kirk on September 10, 2025, during a speaking event at Utah Valley University led to speculation on social media and among some commentators that the perpetrator was affiliated with the Groyper movement. These speculations cited Groypers' prior public criticisms of Kirk as insufficiently nationalist. Tyler Robinson, the 22-year-old suspect arrested on September 12, 2025, in Orem, Utah, and charged with aggravated murder, had motives tied to personal circumstances involving a romantic relationship with his transgender roommate and opposition to Kirk's views on transgender issues, according to court filings and text messages. Bullet casings recovered at the scene bore inscriptions referencing antifascist symbols (e.g., "Bella Ciao") and internet memes like "Squatting Slav," which investigators associated with Robinson's ideological views. Federal investigations found no connections between Robinson and Groyper-affiliated groups or individuals. Nick Fuentes, a prominent figure associated with the Groyper movement, stated on September 13, 2025, via X (formerly Twitter) that there was "zero evidence" of involvement by his followers. No law enforcement reports substantiated connections to the Groyper movement, and the speculations diminished as details of the investigation emerged.

Platform Bans and Censorship

Nicholas Fuentes, the leader associated with the Groyper movement, has faced extensive deplatforming across major social media and content platforms. In July 2021, Twitter permanently banned his account for violations of its rules against hateful conduct. The platform briefly reinstated the account in late 2022 following changes in ownership and policy, but suspended it again on January 25, 2023, citing repeated breaches of its policies. Similarly, YouTube terminated Fuentes' channel multiple times, including a permanent ban in 2020 that was briefly challenged but upheld; a further termination occurred on September 25, 2025, hours after public discussions of potential reinstatements for other figures, with the platform excluding hate speech-related bans from its review process. The America First podcast, central to Groyper online organizing, was removed from Spotify in 2020 for repeated violations of the platform's hate conduct policy, with the company confirming the action in statements to media outlets. Spotify reiterated the ban in October 2025 amid renewed uploads, emphasizing prior enforcement. Fuentes has also been excluded from payment processors such as PayPal and financial services, limiting monetization of Groyper-related content, as reported in coverage of broader deplatforming efforts against far-right figures. These restrictions have forced reliance on alternative platforms like Cozy.tv for live-streaming and community coordination. Groyper-affiliated accounts have been banned or suspended on various sites. In December 2021, the conservative-leaning social network GETTR banned the term "groyper" site-wide after removing Fuentes' account, prompting backlash from users who viewed it as suppression of dissident speech. On Instagram, reports from 2023 identified dozens of active Groyper-linked profiles disseminating memes with controversial themes, though the platform has periodically suspended such accounts under its community guidelines without disclosing exact numbers or dates. X (formerly Twitter) has banned multiple Groyper-associated handles, attributing actions to violations including coordinated harassment and promotion of banned ideologies. Fuentes and supporters have described these platform actions as targeted censorship. This pattern of removals has fragmented Groyper online presence, hindering recruitment and meme dissemination tactics integral to their activities.

Impact and Reception

Influence on Conservative Discourse

The Groypers engaged in targeted disruptions known as the Groyper Wars, which began in October 2019 at Turning Point USA (TPUSA) events. During these events, Groyper activists questioned speakers including Charlie Kirk, Donald Trump Jr., and Ben Shapiro on topics such as U.S. financial support for Israel through organizations like AIPAC, mass immigration from non-Western countries, and the acceptance of homosexuality and demographic changes in conservative institutions. These questions prompted public responses from the speakers and increased visibility of the topics in online and campus discussions. By mid-2025, some MAGA-aligned influencers and politicians, previously critical of Groypers, used phrasing such as demands to halt "third world immigration." Nick Fuentes described this as evidence that "the Groypers have won" following years of advocacy. Groyper online trolling and meme campaigns addressed isolationism, Christian cultural primacy, and skepticism toward foreign lobbies. In 2024, Republican officials and Trump allies attended Fuentes' America First Political Action Conference (AFPAC) alongside TPUSA participants, and the 2022 Mar-a-Lago dinner involving Fuentes and Donald Trump received limited public criticism. These events reflect aspects of reception within conservative networks.

Criticisms from Establishment Conservatives

Establishment conservatives, including figures like Charlie Kirk of Turning Point USA (TPUSA), have criticized Groypers for their disruptive tactics during the 2019 "Groyper Wars," a series of interruptions at TPUSA's Student Action Summit and similar events where attendees challenged speakers on U.S. foreign policy toward Israel, immigration enforcement, and perceived deviations from Donald Trump's 2016 platform. Kirk described the Groypers as extremists intent on derailing conservative outreach to young audiences, emphasizing that their questions often veered into accusations of insufficient nationalism or donor influence rather than constructive debate. Ben Shapiro, a frequent target of Groyper questioning at events sponsored by groups like Young America's Foundation, has denounced associations with Nick Fuentes and his followers, refuting claims that Fuentes represents legitimate conservatism and highlighting instances where Groyper supporters defended antisemitic rhetoric during public confrontations. Shapiro's responses underscored the view that such tactics alienate broader audiences and inject fringe ideologies incompatible with principled conservatism. Establishment outlets like National Review have echoed this, arguing that Fuentes' promotion of antisemitism and white nationalist-adjacent views places him beyond the pale of acceptable discourse, questioning why any conservative would extend him legitimacy. Critics within this sphere, including National Review contributors, have further contended that the Groypers' America First Political Action Conference (AFPAC) lacks a substantive conservative constituency, serving instead as a platform to fracture the right by labeling mainstream organizations as "Conservative Inc." beholden to neoconservative or pro-Israel interests. This perspective frames the Groypers not as reformers but as provocateurs whose online and offline campaigns prioritize ideological purity tests over electoral viability, potentially harming Republican unity.

Defenses and Self-Perception as True Patriots

Groypers and their leader Nick Fuentes reject accusations of white nationalism and antisemitism, framing them as smears by establishment conservatives and media outlets intended to suppress what they describe as authentic American nationalism. They claim that labels of extremism are designed to discredit their mission of reclaiming conservatism from perceived dilutions, positioning the movement as defenders of uncompromised patriotism rather than fringe elements. Fuentes portrays the Groyper movement as the vanguard of "true conservatives" working to restore the Republican Party against "Conservative Inc.," which they accuse of moderating on core nationalist priorities. In public statements, he describes their efforts as forging a "real America First" coalition, rejecting extremism labels as tactics to preserve elite influence. Supporters similarly present their online trolling, rallies, and disruptions—such as those during the 2019 "Groyper Wars" challenging mainstream speakers—as essential awakenings to institutional threats. Groypers perceive themselves as modern patriots safeguarding the nation's historic identity and founding principles of sovereignty against multiculturalism and elite compromise. They contrast their stance with mainstream conservatives, whom they deem insufficiently resolute, and highlight events like the America First Political Action Conference (AFPAC) as venues for authentic nationalist renewal. Fuentes has asserted that this self-described moral imperative positions the movement as inevitable stewards of genuine conservatism.

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