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HMS K13
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HMS K13
HMS K13 was a steam-propelled First World War K class submarine of the Royal Navy. She sank in a fatal accident during sea trials in early 1917 and was salvaged and recommissioned as HMS K22.
In early 1915, a requirement arose for a new type of fast submarines capable of operating with the Grand Fleet, which would operate ahead of the fleet in conjunction with the fleet's cruisers and attack an enemy force before the battleships would engage. The submarines would need a speed of at least 21 knots on the surface in the rough waters of the North Sea, with this being beyond the capability of conventional diesel-powered submarines. To meet this requirement, a 1913 design for a steam-powered submarine by the Admiralty's Director of Naval Construction was passed to Vickers for detailed design.
The submarines were 339 ft (103.33 m) long overall and 328 ft 6 in (100.13 m) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 26 ft 6+3⁄4 in (8.10 m) and a surfaced draught of 17 ft 0 in (5.18 m). Displacement was 1,980 long tons (2,010 t) on the surface and 2,566 long tons (2,607 t) submerged. Two Yarrow water-tube boilers fed steam at 235 psi (1,620 kPa) to two sets of Brown-Curtis impulse steam turbines rated at 10,500 shp (7,800 kW) which drove two propeller shafts. This gave a design speed on the surface of 24 kn (28 mph; 44 km/h). Submerged, the submarine was propelled by four electric motors rated at 1,440 bhp (1,070 kW) which gave a design speed of 9–9.5 kn (10.4–10.9 mph; 16.7–17.6 km/h) which corresponded to a sea speed of about 8 kn (9.2 mph; 15 km/h). An 800 bhp (600 kW) auxiliary diesel engine was fitted to power the submarine on the surface when the steam plant was unavailable (for example when the submarine had just surfaced and steam was being raised). This engine drove a dynamo which powered the electric motors or charged the batteries.
The steam engines required large openings in the pressure hull, with two funnels and four air intakes, which had to be closed off and made watertight before the submarine submerged. The funnels hinged into the submarine's superstructure and the openings by the funnels and air intakes sealed by electrically operated valves. The submarine had a range on the surface of 12,500 nmi (14,400 mi; 23,200 km) at 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h) (powered by the diesel engine) or 800 nmi (920 mi; 1,500 km) at full power. The submerged endurance was much less than expected, 8 nmi (9.2 mi; 15 km) at 8 kn (9.2 mph; 15 km/h) and 30 nmi (35 mi; 56 km) at 4 kn (4.6 mph; 7.4 km/h).
Ten 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes were fitted, with four bow tubes, four beam tubes and two on a revolving mount on the superstructure, A total of 18 torpedoes were carried. Gun armament consisted of two 4 inch (102 mm) guns and one 3-inch (76 mm) anti-aircraft gun. Once in service, the ships proved to be very wet on the surface, with the bow tending to dig down, and one of the 4-inch guns and the revolving torpedo-tube mount was removed. The normal crew was 59 officers and other ranks.
K13 was one of 12 K-class submarines ordered in August 1915, following on from the first 2 ordered in June that year. She was laid down at Fairfield's Govan shipyard in October 1915 as Yard number 522, and was launched on 11 November 1916.
On 29 January 1917, K13 was undergoing final pre-acceptance trials in the Gareloch, Dunbartonshire, Scotland. During a dive in the morning, a small leak had been reported in the boiler rooms, so a second dive was programmed for the afternoon. All boiler room vents were opened to clear the boiler room of steam to aid searching for the leaks. At about 3:00 pm, the submarine went to diving stations, and after confirming that the engine room had been shut off, the submarine was dived. She had 80 people on board - 53 crew, 14 employees of the shipbuilders, five sub-contractors, five Admiralty officials, Joseph Duncan, a River Clyde pilot, and Commander Francis Goodhart and engineering officer Lieutenant Leslie Rideal, both from her sister ship K14, which was still under construction.
As she dived, seawater was seen to be entering K13's engine room, and the submarine's commanding officer, Lieutenant-Commander Godfrey Herbert ordered watertight doors to be shut and ballast tanks to be blown to bring the submarine to the surface, and then the drop keels released. Despite this, the dive could not be stopped and the submarine was soon stuck fast on the bottom of the Gareloch. The crew of E50, another submarine undergoing trials on the Gareloch, watched K13 dive and became concerned that the dive did not "look right" and raised the alarm. Two men were seen on the surface by Annie MacIntyre, a maid in a hotel a mile or so away, but her report was ignored.
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HMS K13
HMS K13 was a steam-propelled First World War K class submarine of the Royal Navy. She sank in a fatal accident during sea trials in early 1917 and was salvaged and recommissioned as HMS K22.
In early 1915, a requirement arose for a new type of fast submarines capable of operating with the Grand Fleet, which would operate ahead of the fleet in conjunction with the fleet's cruisers and attack an enemy force before the battleships would engage. The submarines would need a speed of at least 21 knots on the surface in the rough waters of the North Sea, with this being beyond the capability of conventional diesel-powered submarines. To meet this requirement, a 1913 design for a steam-powered submarine by the Admiralty's Director of Naval Construction was passed to Vickers for detailed design.
The submarines were 339 ft (103.33 m) long overall and 328 ft 6 in (100.13 m) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 26 ft 6+3⁄4 in (8.10 m) and a surfaced draught of 17 ft 0 in (5.18 m). Displacement was 1,980 long tons (2,010 t) on the surface and 2,566 long tons (2,607 t) submerged. Two Yarrow water-tube boilers fed steam at 235 psi (1,620 kPa) to two sets of Brown-Curtis impulse steam turbines rated at 10,500 shp (7,800 kW) which drove two propeller shafts. This gave a design speed on the surface of 24 kn (28 mph; 44 km/h). Submerged, the submarine was propelled by four electric motors rated at 1,440 bhp (1,070 kW) which gave a design speed of 9–9.5 kn (10.4–10.9 mph; 16.7–17.6 km/h) which corresponded to a sea speed of about 8 kn (9.2 mph; 15 km/h). An 800 bhp (600 kW) auxiliary diesel engine was fitted to power the submarine on the surface when the steam plant was unavailable (for example when the submarine had just surfaced and steam was being raised). This engine drove a dynamo which powered the electric motors or charged the batteries.
The steam engines required large openings in the pressure hull, with two funnels and four air intakes, which had to be closed off and made watertight before the submarine submerged. The funnels hinged into the submarine's superstructure and the openings by the funnels and air intakes sealed by electrically operated valves. The submarine had a range on the surface of 12,500 nmi (14,400 mi; 23,200 km) at 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h) (powered by the diesel engine) or 800 nmi (920 mi; 1,500 km) at full power. The submerged endurance was much less than expected, 8 nmi (9.2 mi; 15 km) at 8 kn (9.2 mph; 15 km/h) and 30 nmi (35 mi; 56 km) at 4 kn (4.6 mph; 7.4 km/h).
Ten 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes were fitted, with four bow tubes, four beam tubes and two on a revolving mount on the superstructure, A total of 18 torpedoes were carried. Gun armament consisted of two 4 inch (102 mm) guns and one 3-inch (76 mm) anti-aircraft gun. Once in service, the ships proved to be very wet on the surface, with the bow tending to dig down, and one of the 4-inch guns and the revolving torpedo-tube mount was removed. The normal crew was 59 officers and other ranks.
K13 was one of 12 K-class submarines ordered in August 1915, following on from the first 2 ordered in June that year. She was laid down at Fairfield's Govan shipyard in October 1915 as Yard number 522, and was launched on 11 November 1916.
On 29 January 1917, K13 was undergoing final pre-acceptance trials in the Gareloch, Dunbartonshire, Scotland. During a dive in the morning, a small leak had been reported in the boiler rooms, so a second dive was programmed for the afternoon. All boiler room vents were opened to clear the boiler room of steam to aid searching for the leaks. At about 3:00 pm, the submarine went to diving stations, and after confirming that the engine room had been shut off, the submarine was dived. She had 80 people on board - 53 crew, 14 employees of the shipbuilders, five sub-contractors, five Admiralty officials, Joseph Duncan, a River Clyde pilot, and Commander Francis Goodhart and engineering officer Lieutenant Leslie Rideal, both from her sister ship K14, which was still under construction.
As she dived, seawater was seen to be entering K13's engine room, and the submarine's commanding officer, Lieutenant-Commander Godfrey Herbert ordered watertight doors to be shut and ballast tanks to be blown to bring the submarine to the surface, and then the drop keels released. Despite this, the dive could not be stopped and the submarine was soon stuck fast on the bottom of the Gareloch. The crew of E50, another submarine undergoing trials on the Gareloch, watched K13 dive and became concerned that the dive did not "look right" and raised the alarm. Two men were seen on the surface by Annie MacIntyre, a maid in a hotel a mile or so away, but her report was ignored.
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