Racing Club de Strasbourg Alsace, commonly known as RC Strasbourg (Alemannic German: RC Stroßburg, German: RC Straßburg; RCS) or simply just Racing, is a French professional association football club founded in 1906 and based in the city of Strasbourg, Alsace. It became a professional club in 1933, and is currently playing in Ligue 1, the top tier of French football, having won the 2016–17 Ligue 2 championship. This comes after the club was demoted to the fifth tier of French football at the conclusion of the 2010–11 Championnat National season after going into financial liquidation. Renamed RC Strasbourg Alsace, they won the CFA championship in 2012–13, and became Championnat National champions in 2015–16. Stade de la Meinau has been the club's stadium since 1914.

RC Strasbourg is one of six clubs to have won all three major French trophies: the Championship in 1979; the Coupe de France in 1951, 1966 and 2001; and the Coupe de la Ligue in 1964, 1997, 2005 and 2019. It is also among the six teams to have played more than 2,000 games in France's top flight (spanning 56 seasons) and has taken part in 52 European games since 1961. By contrast, it has also experienced relegation at least once a decade since the early 1950s. It has changed its manager 52 times in 75 years of professional play.

The destiny of the RC Strasbourg has always been wedded to the history of Alsace. Like the region, the club has changed nationality three times and has a troubled history. The club was founded when the city (and the region of Alsace Lorraine) was part of the German Empire, and the club insisted on its Alsatian and popular roots from the beginning, in opposition to the first Strasbourg-based clubs which came from the German-born bourgeoisie. When Alsace was returned to France after the First World War, the club changed its name from 1. FC Neudorf to the current Racing Club de Strasbourg, in imitation of Pierre de Coubertin's Racing Club de France, a clear gesture of francophilia. RC Strasbourg players lived through the Second World War as most Alsatians did: evacuated in 1939, annexed in 1940 and striving to avoid Nazification and incorporation in the Wehrmacht between 1942 and 1944. When Alsace was definitively returned to France after the war, Strasbourg's identity switched towards Jacobinism with, for example, emotional wins in the cup in 1951 and 1966 amidst Franco-Alsatian controversies.

Founded in 1906 as Fußballclub Neudorf, Racing Club de Strasbourg Alsace's history has been marked by constant periods of instability, firstly due to political issues (for the first forty years of its existence, the club played alternately in the French and German championships because of the dispute between the two countries over Alsace), and secondly due to corporate issues. In spite of this, the team was able to carve out a place for itself in the golden roll of the French league by winning a number of trophies, the most important of which was the championship in the 1978–79 season.

In the early 1900s, the English export of soccer to foreign countries also reached the deepest parts of the German Empire (which had already established a national league called the Verbandsliga in 1902), including the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine. One of the cities most involved in this process was the capital city of Strasbourg (which already had a football club called Straßburger Fußball Club since 1890), where several football clubs saw the light of day, including Fußballclub Neudorf, founded by a group of students from the Neudorf district, located south of the city. The team, which was financially supported by the students' teacher, made its debut in a match against FC Germania from the Schluthfeld district, in which it withdrew after conceding seven goals in the first forty-five minutes of play.

Over the next three years, the team, renamed Fußballclub Cäsar Neudorf and given a corporate organizational chart to cope with the inexperience of the players, continued to produce unconvincing results, attracting criticism and threatening to split several times. Thanks to the arrival of Louis Becker as president, in 1909 Neudorf was able to gain membership in the Verband Süddeutscher Fußball-Vereine, the football association in the southern part of the German Empire, which was part of the third tier of German football. Neudorf began a gradual improvement in results: thanks to a highly offensive style of play, the team achieved large victories (including a 28–0 victory over Erstein, the second largest margin of victory in the history of German football), which led to a double promotion within two years. In 1914, a few weeks before promotion to the first division, Neudorf acquired its first playing field, the Hämmerlé's Garten, on which the Meinau Stadium was built. In the same year, all sports activities were interrupted due to the outbreak of the First World War.

With the annexation of Alsace and Lorraine to France at the end of the war, it was decided to change the name of the club, which, in homage to Racing Club de France, became Racing Club de Strasbourg. In the decade following the end of hostilities, Strasbourg played in the Alsace regional championship (winning it in 1923, 1924 and 1927) and, from the 1920–21 season, in the French Cup. In the latter competition, the team never made it past the round of 16, but in the 1925–26 season, it pulled off an upset by eliminating Red Star, a team that at the time held the record for most national cups won. It was also during this period that the first wooden stands were built on the field, which later became the Meinau Stadium.

In 1932, Strasbourg's management rejected a proposal to turn the team professional that had just been approved by the Football Federation. Attempts to change management's decision (including a proposal to merge with Strasbourg Red Star) yielded a positive result a year later when, after a vote of 126 for, 2 against and 2 abstentions, the team was finally allowed to become professional and debut in the second division.