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Rosefinch
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The rosefinches should not be confused with the rosy finches in the genus Leucosticte.

Rosefinches
Pallas's rosefinch (Carpodacus roseus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Fringillidae
Subfamily: Carduelinae
Genus: Carpodacus
Kaup, 1829
Type species
Fringilla rosea[1]
Pallas, 1776
Species

See text.

The rosefinches are a genus, Carpodacus, of passerine birds in the finch family Fringillidae. Most are called "rosefinches" and as the word implies, have various shades of red in their plumage. The common rosefinch is frequently called the "rosefinch". The genus name is from the Ancient Greek terms karpos, "fruit", and dakno, "to bite".

The Carpodacus rosefinches occur throughout Eurasia, but the greatest diversity is found in the Sino-Himalayas suggesting that the species originated in this region.[2]

Taxonomy

[edit]

The genus Carpodacus was introduced in 1829 by the German naturalist Johann Jakob Kaup.[3] The type species was designated by George Gray in 1842 as Fringilla rosea Pallas, 1776, Pallas's rosefinch.[4][5] The genus name combines the Ancient Greek karpos meaning "fruit" with dakos meaning "biter".[6]

In 2012, Zuccon and colleagues published a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of the finch family. Based both on their own results and those published earlier by other groups, they proposed a series of changes to the taxonomy.[7] They found that the three North American rosefinches, namely Cassin's finch, purple finch, and house finch, formed a separate clade that was not closely related to the Palearctic rosefinches. They proposed moving the three species to a separate genus Haemorhous.[7] This proposal was accepted by the International Ornithological Committee and the American Ornithologists' Union.[8][9] Zuccon and colleagues also found that the common rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) fell outside the core rosefinch clade and was a sister to the scarlet finch (at the time Haematospiza sipahi). They recommended that the common rosefinch should be moved to a new monotypic genus with the resurrected name of Erythrina. The British Ornithologists' Union accepted this proposal,[10] but the International Ornithological Union chose instead to adopt a more inclusive Carpodacus which incorporated Haematospiza as well as the monotypic genus Chaunoproctus containing the extinct Bonin grosbeak. The long-tailed rosefinch that had previously been included in the monotypic genus Uragus was also moved into Carpodacus.[8]

Two species that were formerly included in the genus, Blanford's rosefinch and the dark-breasted rosefinch, were shown to not be closely related to the other species in the group. They were moved to separate monotypic genera, Blanford's rosefinch to Agraphospiza and the dark-breasted rosefinch to Procarduelis.[7][8] Sillem's rosefinch originally had the common name "Sillem's mountain finch" and was assigned to the genus Leucosticte but a phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial DNA sequences published in 2016 found that the species belonged to the genus Carpodacus.[11]

There have been a number of rosefinch radiations. First to split off were the ancestors of the North American species, the common rosefinch, and the scarlet finch, generally placed in its own genus. These groups, which may be related, diverged in the Middle Miocene (about 14–12 mya) from the proto-rosefinches. Each of these groups probably should constitute a distinct genus; in the case of the North American species, this is Haemorhous. The types of the genera Erythrina Brehm 1829 and Carpodacus Kaup 1829 are frequently considered to be the common rosefinch, but both refer to Pallas's rosefinch.[12]

Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Hawaiian honeycreepers are closely related to the rosefinches in the genus Carpodacus.[7][13] The most recent common ancestor has been variously estimate at 7.24 million years ago (mya)[13] and 15.71 mya.[2]

Przewalski's "rosefinch" (Urocynchramus pylzowi) has been determined to be not a rosefinch, and indeed not a true finch at all, but to constitute a monotypic family Urocynchramidae.[14]

Species

[edit]

The genus Carpodacus contains 28 species. They all include 'rosefinch' in their English names apart from the scarlet finch, the crimson-browed finch and the extinct Bonin grosbeak.[8]

Image Common name Scientific name Distribution
Common rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus Asia and Europe.
Scarlet finch Carpodacus sipahi the Himalayas from Uttarakhand state in the Indian Himalayas eastwards across Nepal, stretching further east to the adjacent hills of Northeast India and Southeast Asia as far south as Thailand.
†Bonin grosbeak Carpodacus ferreorostris (extinct) Chichi-jima in the Ogasawara Islands.
Streaked rosefinch Carpodacus rubicilloides Bhutan, China, India, and Nepal.
Great rosefinch Carpodacus rubicilla Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan and east to China
Blyth's rosefinch Carpodacus grandis northern Afghanistan to the western Himalayas.
Red-mantled rosefinch Carpodacus rhodochlamys in Afghanistan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, and Tajikistan.
Himalayan beautiful rosefinch Carpodacus pulcherrimus mid-western China and the northern Himalayas.
Chinese beautiful rosefinch Carpodacus davidianus China
Pink-rumped rosefinch Carpodacus waltoni central China and eastern Tibet
Pink-browed rosefinch Carpodacus rodochroa Bhutan, Tibet, India, Nepal, and Pakistan.
Dark-rumped rosefinch Carpodacus edwardsii Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal.
Spot-winged rosefinch Carpodacus rodopeplus India and Nepal
Sharpe's rosefinch Carpodacus verreauxii central China and far northern Myanmar.
Vinaceous rosefinch Carpodacus vinaceus Nepal, China and far northern Myanmar.
Taiwan rosefinch Carpodacus formosanus Taiwan
Sinai rosefinch Carpodacus synoicus Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia.
Pale rosefinch Carpodacus stoliczkae Afghanistan and China
Tibetan rosefinch Carpodacus roborowskii Xinjiang Autonomous Region.
Sillem's rosefinch Carpodacus sillemi China, Japan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, and Russia.
Siberian long-tailed rosefinch Carpodacus sibiricus Japan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, and Russia.
Chinese long-tailed rosefinch Carpodacus lepidus China
Pallas's rosefinch Carpodacus roseus China, Japan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, and Russia.
Three-banded rosefinch Carpodacus trifasciatus central China and far northeastern India.
Himalayan white-browed rosefinch Carpodacus thura Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Pakistan.
Chinese white-browed rosefinch Carpodacus dubius central China and eastern Tibet.
Red-fronted rosefinch Carpodacus puniceus Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan
Crimson-browed finch Carpodacus subhimachalus Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal.

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Rosefinch

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The rosefinches (Carpodacus) comprise a genus of 28 species of small to medium-sized passerine birds in the finch family Fringillidae, renowned for the vibrant rosy to crimson plumage adorning the heads, breasts, and rumps of adult males, while females and juveniles display duller streaked brown tones. These birds, typically measuring 12–20 cm in length, are predominantly Eurasian in distribution, with the majority concentrated in central and eastern Asia, where they occupy diverse habitats ranging from montane forests and alpine meadows to shrublands and semi-deserts. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the genus originated around 14 million years ago in the Sino-Himalayan region of southwest and the , serving as a cradle of diversification driven by tectonic uplift and vicariance events that formed four major lineages. Of the 25 species examined in key studies, 19 are endemic to this , highlighting its role in the evolutionary of the group, though subsequent taxonomic revisions, including splits like the Siberian Long-tailed Rosefinch (C. lepidus), have expanded recognized diversity. Most rosefinches are seed-eaters with stout bills adapted for cracking tough husks, and many exhibit altitudinal migration, breeding in high elevations and descending to lower areas in winter. Notable among them is the (C. erythrinus), the most widespread species, breeding across northern from to the and migrating southward, occasionally appearing as a vagrant in . Other striking examples include the Great Rosefinch (C. rubicilla), one of the largest in the genus at up to 20 cm, found in the and , and the Himalayan Beautiful Rosefinch (C. pulcherrimus), with its vivid pink hues restricted to high-altitude coniferous forests in the and . Conservation challenges affect several taxa, such as the Near Threatened Taiwan Rosefinch (C. formosanus), threatened by habitat loss and degradation in its restricted range on , underscoring the genus's vulnerability to and in montane ecosystems.

Description

Physical characteristics

Rosefinches exhibit a range of body sizes typical of small to medium-sized passerines within the Fringillidae family, with lengths generally spanning 13–21 cm and weights from approximately 18–48 g across species. For instance, the measures 13–15 cm in length and weighs 21–26 g, while the larger Great Rosefinch reaches 19–21 cm and 40–48.5 g. Structurally, rosefinches possess a stout, conical bill well-adapted for cracking , a feature common to finches that facilitates efficient on hard-shelled nuts and grains. Their wings are relatively short and rounded, supporting agile flight in forested or shrubby environments, and the is typically notched or slightly forked, aiding in balance during perching and maneuvering. The legs of rosefinches are robust and moderately long, with an anisodactyl foot arrangement—three forward-pointing toes and one hind toe—that enables secure perching on branches as well as effective ground by providing stability on varied substrates. This morphology supports both arboreal and terrestrial activities inherent to their lifestyle. Sexual size dimorphism occurs in several rosefinch , with males often larger than females in overall body dimensions, though males may resemble females in size until full maturity. This variation is evident in measurements such as bill depth and overall mass, contributing to differences in efficiency between sexes.

Plumage and coloration

Rosefinches in the Carpodacus exhibit distinctive characterized by predominant rosy-red, , or hues in the breeding of males, which arise from pigments acquired exclusively through their diet. These pigments, including reds derived from dietary precursors like yellow metabolized by the , produce the vibrant coloration on the head, , rump, and undertail coverts, while the back, wings, and tail remain brown or grayish. For example, in the (C. erythrinus), adult males display deep on the head, neck, , and rump during breeding, contrasting with their brownish backs and whitish bellies. Females and non-breeding males typically possess dull brown or streaked grayish , providing cryptic , with only subtle rosy accents on the face, breast, or rump in some individuals. In females of like the , the overall grayish-brown feathering includes indistinct streaks on the back and chest, along with two pale wing bars and a lack of bright red tones. Juveniles resemble females but are often duller, with heavier streaking and paler edgings on upperpart feathers. Seasonal molt patterns in rosefinches involve a complete post-breeding molt during autumn migration or winter quarters, resulting in subdued non-breeding where fresh feathers have brown tips that mute the rosy hues. This breeding intensifies in spring through abrasive wear that exposes brighter red undersurfaces of the feathers, enhancing the vividness without new growth. Plumage variations across species reflect environmental adaptations, with brighter reds or s often seen in high-altitude forms, such as the deep of the Chinese beautiful rosefinch (C. davidianus) in montane habitats, compared to more subdued pinkish tones in lowland or migratory like the . In contrast, like the dark-rumped rosefinch (C. edwardsii) show maroon or brighter on the forehead and in males, with overall darker tonality suited to their alpine ranges.

Distribution and habitat

Geographic range

Rosefinches, belonging to the genus Carpodacus, are predominantly distributed across , with their range extending from —including breeding populations in such as and —to eastern , reaching as far as and the in . This vast Palearctic distribution encompasses diverse regions from the and through , , and into the . The group is entirely absent from the Afrotropics, , and the in their native range, though occasional vagrants, primarily the (C. erythrinus), have been recorded in , particularly along the western coast from to . The Sino-Himalayan region stands out as the epicenter of rosefinch diversity, hosting 19 of the 28 recognized species and serving as the likely cradle of their evolutionary origin around 14 million years ago, tied to the uplift of the . Isolated populations occur outside this core area, notably the Sinai Rosefinch (C. synoicus) confined to the arid mountains of the Sinai Peninsula in and adjacent regions in , , and . Historical range dynamics include notable expansions, such as the Common Rosefinch's westward colonization of central and during the first half of the 20th century, driven by climatic shifts and habitat availability, leading to breeding records in countries like , , and the . Altitudinally, rosefinches occupy a broad spectrum, from near in lowland forests and scrublands—exemplified by the in riverine thickets of northern —to elevations exceeding 5,000 meters in alpine zones, as seen in species like the Great Rosefinch (C. rubicilla) in the and Nepal's high mountains. This vertical versatility reflects adaptations to montane environments shaped by tectonic and climatic history across their Eurasian expanse.

Habitat preferences

Rosefinches, as a group, primarily favor montane and subalpine ecosystems throughout their predominantly Eurasian distribution, where they occupy a variety of forested and open terrains adapted to cooler, elevated conditions. These birds are commonly associated with coniferous and woodlands, including edges and montane forests featuring species such as , , , and , which provide structural cover for nesting and shelter. In addition, they thrive in shrublands dominated by willows, alders, and poplars, as well as mixed thickets along riverine corridors that offer protective microhabitats. A notable adaptation is their reliance on fruit-bearing shrubs like sea-buckthorn () during winter, particularly in lower-elevation valleys and scrubby riverine areas where these plants persist in harsh conditions and serve as key food sources. This preference extends to barren, windswept hillsides, boulder-strewn screes above the zone, and edges of woodlands, which allow for efficient foraging while minimizing exposure to predators. Species such as the (Carpodacus erythrinus) extend into lowland moist forests and forest-steppe foothills with dwarf willows and , demonstrating flexibility within montane preferences up to altitudes of 4,550 m. Rosefinches exhibit tolerance for extreme climates, including high-altitude alpine meadows and tundra-like environments at elevations reaching 5,410 m, as seen in the great rosefinch (Carpodacus rubicilla), where they exploit sparse vegetation near glaciers and ice-fields. Microhabitat selections often include open clearings, cultivation edges, and bush-covered slopes, providing a balance of concealment and access to resources in these rugged terrains. This underscores their resilience to seasonal cover and fluctuations characteristic of boreal and subalpine zones.

Behavior and ecology

Diet and foraging

Rosefinches exhibit a primarily granivorous diet, consisting mainly of seeds from grasses, weeds, and trees such as , , , , and , along with buds, catkins, shoots, and leaves. They also consume fruits and berries, which provide essential nutrients, particularly in regions where these are abundant. This seed-based feeding is facilitated by their stout, conical bills, adapted for cracking open husks to access kernels. During the breeding season, rosefinches supplement their diet with , including adult and larval dragonflies, damselflies, bugs, flies, spiders, and beetles, which offer high-protein resources. occurs predominantly through ground in grasses and open areas, where birds hop to pick up fallen seeds, as well as probing twigs and branches in low shrubs and bushes to extract buds and flowerheads. These techniques allow efficient exploitation of both terrestrial and low-vegetation food sources. In winter, rosefinches shift toward greater reliance on fruits such as rose hips and , which persist when are scarce under snow cover. Outside the breeding period, they often forage in small flocks, enhancing efficiency in locating patchy resources and contributing to through the consumption and subsequent deposition of berry in droppings.

Breeding biology

Rosefinches generally form monogamous breeding pairs, although occasional occurs in populations with an excess of immature males. The breeding season typically begins in or May in temperate regions and extends through or , with timing varying by latitude, altitude, and species; for instance, in , egg-laying starts around early June, while higher-elevation populations in may delay until later in the summer. Some species, such as the Vinaceous Rosefinch (Carpodacus vinaceus), attempt a second brood in favorable conditions. Detailed breeding data are available primarily for widespread species like the , with less known for many montane endemics. Nests are constructed primarily by the female and consist of a loose, cup-shaped structure made from twigs, grass, , and rootlets, often lined with feathers, , and plant down for insulation. Placement varies by but is generally low in dense shrubs, low trees, , or other vegetation (often 1–5 m above ground), with some like the Great Rosefinch (C. rubicilla) using rock crevices or cliffside bushes; common sites include junipers (Juniperus spp.) and similar . Clutch sizes average 3–6 eggs, which are pale blue to greenish-blue with fine brown speckles, and decrease later in the season due to resource constraints. The female performs the majority of incubation, lasting 11–16 days, during which the male may provision her with food to sustain her on the nest. Upon hatching, nestlings are altricial and brooded primarily by the female, while both parents deliver food—primarily insects and seeds—to the brood. The nestling period spans 12–17 days, after which young fledge but remain dependent on parents for several additional weeks; overall nest success varies from 46–71%, with predation as the primary cause of failure.

Taxonomy and systematics

Etymology and classification

The genus Carpodacus was introduced by the French naturalist , with the name derived from the words karpos (fruit) and daknos (biter), reflecting the seed- and fruit-eating habits of these finches. Rosefinches belonging to Carpodacus are classified within the family Fringillidae (true finches) and the subfamily , a grouping supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses that place them among the core finches adapted for seed consumption. The of Carpodacus has seen notable historical reclassifications, including the merger of genera such as Haemorhous (previously encompassing American rosefinches) into Carpodacus in earlier classifications, before phylogenetic studies prompted splits in 2012 to reflect distinct evolutionary lineages between and species. More recently, in 2025, the IOC split the Siberian Long-tailed Rosefinch (C. lepidus) from the Long-tailed Rosefinch (C. sibiricus) based on genetic and differences. As of 2025, the International Ornithological Congress (IOC) World Bird List recognizes 28 in the genus Carpodacus.

Phylogenetic relationships

The true rosefinches (genus Carpodacus sensu lato) form a monophyletic within the subfamily of the family Fringillidae, with their basal divergence from other cardueline lineages estimated at approximately 14 million years ago based on molecular dating using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. This timing aligns with broader radiations in the Carduelinae, around 10-15 million years ago, as inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b and other markers in comprehensive finch phylogenies. Recent molecular studies have clarified the phylogenetic structure of Carpodacus, resolving its in a broad sense (sensu lato) while incorporating taxa previously classified separately, such as certain Asian finches; for instance, the by Zuccon et al. demonstrated that core Carpodacus cluster tightly, though some peripheral taxa like the crimson rosefinch (formerly C. rubescens, now Agraphospiza rubescens) branch basally within related cardueline groups. The genus shows close genetic affinities to neighboring genera including Rhodopechys (desert finches) and Leucosticte (rosy-finches), forming part of an "arid-zone" cardueline radiation defined by shared signatures, with evidence of occasional hybridization events, particularly among Leucosticte in overlapping North American ranges. These relationships highlight convergent adaptations to high-altitude and arid environments across and . The diversification of Carpodacus is characterized by a Sino-Himalayan , where the majority of (19 out of 25) originated and speciated, driven by vicariance from Himalayan uplift and subsequent climatic oscillations. Pleistocene glaciations further shaped this diversity, with many terminal splits between sister taxa in boreal Himalayan and Chinese lineages dated to this , promoting through repeated range contractions and expansions in refugia. This pattern underscores the region's role as a for cardueline finches, with ancestral areas reconstructed in southwest China and the around 14 million years ago.

Species

Diversity overview

The genus Carpodacus includes 28 of true rosefinches, with roughly 80% endemic to and the highest concentration of diversity occurring in the Sino-Himalayan region, where more than 19 are found, particularly in and the Himalayan mountain ranges. Patterns of among rosefinches have been largely shaped by geographic isolation in montane habitats, fostering adaptive radiations in areas such as the and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where two major clades diversified independently. Certain exhibit complex intraspecific variation, as seen in the (C. erythrinus), which encompasses multiple adapted to varied Eurasian environments. In terms of conservation, the majority of rosefinch are assessed as Least Concern by the IUCN, reflecting their generally wide distributions and stable populations; however, a few face elevated risks, such as the Chinese Beautiful Rosefinch (C. davidianus), assessed as Vulnerable due to . No entirely new rosefinch have been described since the early , though taxonomic revisions continue, including recent splits like the recognition of the Chinese Long-tailed Rosefinch (C. lepidus) from the Long-tailed Rosefinch complex based on genetic and vocal evidence.

List of species

The rosefinches comprise 28 recognized species in the genus Carpodacus, primarily distributed across Eurasia, with a few in North Africa and Taiwan.
Common NameScientific NameRange SummaryIUCN StatusNotes
Bonin GrosbeakCarpodacus ferreorostrisEndemic to Chichi-jima in the Bonin Islands (extinct since 1930s)Extinct (EX)Described 1888 (Vigors); type locality Chichi-jima; no recent splits.
Blyth's RosefinchCarpodacus grandisAfghanistan to HimalayasLeast Concern (LC)Described 1851 (Jerdon); type locality Himalayas; formerly synonymized with Red-mantled Rosefinch.
Chinese Beautiful RosefinchCarpodacus davidianusCentral ChinaVulnerable (VU)Described 1868 (Milne-Edwards); type locality Mupin, Sichuan; split from Himalayan Beautiful Rosefinch in 2013 based on genetics.
Chinese Long-tailed RosefinchCarpodacus lepidusCentral ChinaLeast Concern (LC)Described 1923 (Kozlova); type locality Likiang, Yunnan; recent split from Long-tailed Rosefinch in 2021.
Chinese White-browed RosefinchCarpodacus dubiusCentral China and TibetLeast Concern (LC)Described 1900 (Przewalski); type locality eastern Tibet; split from White-browed Rosefinch.
Common RosefinchCarpodacus erythrinusAsia and EuropeLeast Concern (LC)Described 1776 (Pallas); type locality Dauria; no recent splits.
Crimson-browed FinchCarpodacus subhimachalusBhutan, China, India, Myanmar, NepalLeast Concern (LC)Described 1952 (Kinnear); type locality Sikkim; formerly considered subspecies of Pink-browed Rosefinch.
Dark-rumped RosefinchCarpodacus edwardsiiBhutan to NepalLeast Concern (LC)Described 1866 (Des Murs); type locality Moupin, Sichuan; no recent splits.
Great RosefinchCarpodacus rubicillaAfghanistan to ChinaLeast Concern (LC)Described 1836 (Bonaparte); type locality Persia; includes former Spotted Great Rosefinch (lumped 2013).
Himalayan Beautiful RosefinchCarpodacus pulcherrimusChina and HimalayasLeast Concern (LC)Described 1903 (Rothschild); type locality Garhwal Himalayas; split from Chinese Beautiful Rosefinch in 2013.
Himalayan White-browed RosefinchCarpodacus thuraAfghanistan to PakistanLeast Concern (LC)Described 1843 (Vigors); type locality Himalayas; split from Chinese White-browed Rosefinch.
Pale RosefinchCarpodacus stoliczkaeAfghanistan and ChinaLeast Concern (LC)Described 1874 (Hume); type locality Ladakh; no recent splits.
Pallas's RosefinchCarpodacus roseusChina to RussiaLeast Concern (LC)Described 1811 (Pallas); type locality Transbaikalia; no recent splits.
Pink-browed RosefinchCarpodacus rhodochroaBhutan to PakistanLeast Concern (LC)Described 1839 (Vigors); type locality Himalayas.
Pink-rumped RosefinchCarpodacus waltoniCentral China and TibetLeast Concern (LC)Described 1906 (Rothschild); type locality Likiang; formerly synonym with Dark-rumped Rosefinch.
Red-fronted RosefinchCarpodacus puniceusAfghanistan to TurkmenistanLeast Concern (LC)Described 1827 (Blyth); type locality Afghanistan; no recent splits.
Red-mantled RosefinchCarpodacus rhodochlamysAfghanistan to TajikistanLeast Concern (LC)Described 1842 (Brandt); type locality Alai Mountains; formerly included Blyth's (split).
Scarlet FinchCarpodacus sipahiHimalayas to Southeast AsiaLeast Concern (LC)Described 1836 (Jardine); type locality Nepal; no recent splits.
Sharpe's RosefinchCarpodacus verreauxiiCentral China and MyanmarLeast Concern (LC)Described 1866 (Ogilvie-Grant); type locality Moupin; no recent splits.
Siberian Long-tailed RosefinchCarpodacus sibiricusJapan to RussiaLeast Concern (LC)Described 1774 (Pallas); type locality Siberia; split from Chinese Long-tailed in 2021.
Sillem's RosefinchCarpodacus sillemiChina to RussiaData Deficient (DD)Described 1992 (Roselaar); type locality Xinjiang, China; recently recognized as full species from mountain finch group (2015).
Sinai RosefinchCarpodacus synoicusEgypt to Saudi ArabiaLeast Concern (LC)Described 1910 (Neumann); type locality Sinai; no recent splits.
Spot-winged RosefinchCarpodacus rodopeplusIndia and NepalLeast Concern (LC)Described 1905 (Hartert); type locality Nepal; no recent splits.
Streaked RosefinchCarpodacus rubicilloidesBhutan, China, India, NepalLeast Concern (LC)Described 1947 (Deignan); type locality Sikkim; split from Spot-crowned Rosefinch in 2000s.
Taiwan RosefinchCarpodacus formosanusTaiwanLeast Concern (LC)Described 1917 (Ogilvie-Grant); type locality Taiwan; no recent splits.
Three-banded RosefinchCarpodacus trifasciatusCentral China and IndiaLeast Concern (LC)Described 1933 (Kozlova); type locality Szechwan; no recent splits.
Tibetan RosefinchCarpodacus roborowskiiXinjiang Autonomous Region, ChinaLeast Concern (LC)Described 1887 (Przewalski); type locality Tibet; no recent splits.
Vinaceous RosefinchCarpodacus vinaceusNepal to MyanmarLeast Concern (LC)Described 1871 (Verreaux); type locality Moupin; no recent splits.

References

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  34. https://www.oiseaux-birds.com/card-common-rosefinch.html
  35. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/comros/cur/breeding
  36. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/greros1/cur/breeding
  37. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230345622_Nest_failures_in_the_Scarlet_Rosefinch_Carpodacus_erythrinus
  38. https://www.vogelwarte.ch/en/birds-of-switzerland/common-rosefinch/
  39. https://www.avesdecostarica.org/uploads/7/0/1/0/70104897/scientific-bird-names.pdf
  40. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1055790308005174
  41. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-phylogenetic-relationships-and-generic-limits-Zuccon-Prys-Jones/d5813323f43fe7c6e81e63e5d6380f942677b1ea
  42. https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/august-2017/updates-corrections-august-2017/
  43. https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12057
  44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002
  45. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/fringi1/cur/species
  46. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/zoj.12057
  47. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.6615
  48. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22702847/118424571
  49. https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/red-fronted-rosefinch-carpodacus-puniceus
  50. https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/sillems-rosefinch-carpodacus-sillemi
  51. https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/sinai-rosefinch-carpodacus-synoicus
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