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Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport
Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport
Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport
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Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (IATA: ANC, ICAO: PANC, FAA LID: ANC)[4] is the primary airport serving the US state of Alaska, located 5 miles (8 km) southwest of downtown Anchorage.[1] The airport is named for Ted Stevens (1923–2010), who served as a senator of Alaska from 1968 to 2009. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2017–2021, in which it is categorized as a medium-hub primary commercial service facility.[5]

Key Information

History

[edit]

Built in 1951, the airport was served in the 1950s by Alaska Airlines, Northwest Orient, Pacific Northern Airlines and Reeve Aleutian Airways, using aircraft ranging from Douglas DC-3s to Boeing 377s,[6] and was also a refuelling stop for Canadian Pacific Air Lines service to the Far East (one such aircraft being involved in a 1951 disappearance). From 1955 to 2011, the eastern end of the airport's southernmost runway connected to the Kulis Air National Guard Base.

By the mid-1980s the airport's nickname was "Crossroads of the World". Anchorage was a common stopover for passengers flying between Europe and East Asia,[7] because airspace in China, the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc countries was off-limits and because the first generation of jets and widebody airliners did not have the range to fly non-stop across the Pacific Ocean. Carriers using Anchorage for this purpose included:

  • Air France, British Airways, Iberia, KLM, Lufthansa, Sabena, Swissair and Spantax all used Anchorage as a stopover point between Europe and the Far East of Asia into the 1980s to 1991.[8][9]
  • Japan Airlines served Seattle through Anchorage in the early 1960s,[10] and offered service through Anchorage to London, Paris, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Düsseldorf, Hamburg, New York City & São Paulo from the 1960s until October 1991. Last JAL flight was JL438 on October 31, 1991, Paris–Charles de Gaulle - Anchorage - Tokyo–Narita.[11]
  • Korean Air used Anchorage as a stopover point for flights between Seoul and both Europe and the continental US in the 1980s.[12] On September 1, 1983, one of these flights, Flight 007 was shot down by a Soviet pilot who had mistaken it for a spy plane, after unintentionally violating Soviet airspace.
  • Northwest Orient, the first airline to operate scheduled trans-Pacific service after World War II, used Elmendorf Field[13] and later Anchorage International as a stopover for service between US points (Seattle, Chicago and Minneapolis at various times) and Tokyo as late as the mid-1970s.[14]
  • Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) began a transpolar flight from Copenhagen to Tokyo via Anchorage on February 24, 1957.[15]

In the mid-1980s airport officials knew that the then-new Boeing 747-400, with a longer range than then-existing aircraft, would decrease stopovers. They did not expect that Mikhail Gorbachev's glasnost, towards the end of the Cold War, would open Soviet airspace to flights, causing the decrease to occur sooner than planned. By 1988, 16 airline flights that had previously stopped in Anchorage—each bringing almost $80,000 in revenue to the state—instead flew nonstop over Siberia.[7]

Most scheduled passenger service from Anchorage to Europe and Asia ceased in the early 1990s. Korean Air continued to serve Anchorage three times a week on a yearly scheduled basis until March 2005, which was reduced to three times a week only for the summer season in 2006. China Airlines, the last Asian carrier to serve Anchorage on a regular basis, used Anchorage as an intermediate stop on its Taipei-New York route until 2011, when it rerouted these flights to stop in Osaka.[16][17] While a few charter passenger aircraft still stop at Anchorage on flights between Asia and the eastern United States, scheduled cargo carriers – which benefit from more volume and thus shorter route segments – continue to use Anchorage frequently. Condor still uses the Frankfurt-Anchorage route on a Airbus A330neo.[18]

In the 1990s, Alaska Airlines and Aeroflot operated services from Anchorage to several destinations in the Russian Far East, including Khabarovsk, Magadan, Petropavlovsk, Vladivostok and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.[19] Alaska Airlines pulled out of these markets in 1998 due to insufficient demand,[20] while the Aeroflot services were primarily intended as technical stops en route to Seattle and San Francisco and were cancelled once newer aircraft and nonstop flights became available. Reeve Aleutian Airways, Dalavia and MAVIAL Magadan Airlines also offered service between Anchorage and the Russian Far East at various times, catering to Kamchatka oil exploration and other niche markets.[21]

The airport was renamed in 2000 by the Alaska Legislature to honor then long-standing US Senator Ted Stevens.[22] Stevens survived a crash at the airport in 1978 that killed his wife Ann.[23]

In October 2018, Alaska Governor Bill Walker and Heilongjiang Province Governor Wang Wentao announced plans to connect Anchorage and Harbin Taiping International Airport with year-round, nonstop flights as early as the summer of 2019.[24]

On November 30, 2018, the airport suffered minor damage and was temporarily closed following a magnitude 7.0 earthquake in the area.[25] In June 2019, American Airlines switched the Boeing 737-800 on their seasonal route to Phoenix with the Airbus A321neo making them the first airline to use the A321neo at Anchorage. In January 2023, Delta replaced their Boeing 737-900 and 757-200 in favor of the A321neo for their route to Minneapolis-St. Paul.[26]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the airport was briefly the busiest in the United States due to sustained volume of cargo flights through Alaska while passenger travel sharply decreased at other American airports.[27]

Due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and subsequent sanctions on airlines, commercial flights between Japan and Western Europe once again overfly Alaska in the eastbound direction. However, due to the advanced range of the airliners used for these flights, such as the Airbus A350, Boeing 777 and Boeing 787 Dreamliner, the stopover in Anchorage is no longer needed and flights are operated nonstop. Some re-routed cargo flights do however stop in Anchorage, such as Nippon Cargo Airlines Flight 51, which operates Amsterdam - Milan - Anchorage - Tokyo four times weekly.

Southwest Airlines is slated to begin service to Anchorage for the first time on May 15, 2026, with flights from Denver and Las Vegas, the two biggest airports they operate on their network.[28][29]

Passenger traffic

[edit]
An Alaska Airlines Boeing 737-900ER at the airport in winter

Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport's passenger traffic hovered around the five million mark between 1998 and 2008, apart from in 2002 when the airport suffered a 13% drop in traffic. Fairbanks and Juneau are the next busiest airports though neither managed more than half a million passengers in 2007. Anchorage traffic peaks in June, July and August when passenger numbers are twice as high as between October and April.[30] Most major US passenger carriers serve ANC, with the majority of passenger flight operations by Alaska Airlines to and from Seattle (an average of 20 flights per day) and Fairbanks (5-7 flights per day).

Anchorage is also envisioned as a future connecting point for air traffic to the Russian Far East. During the summer season of 2008, there was one weekly flight to Russia by Vladivostok Air. Yakutia Airlines resumed summer seasonal service to Russia in 2012.[31] Many of Alaska's North Slope workers live either in Anchorage or elsewhere in the Lower 48 states and fly through the airport to their jobs in Prudhoe Bay.

As per Federal Aviation Administration records, the airport had 2,599,313 passenger boardings (enplanements) in calendar year 2008,[32] 2,282,666 enplanements in 2009, and 2,342,310 in 2010.[33]

The nearest other international airports from Anchorage are Fairbanks International Airport and Juneau International Airport. Fairbanks International Airport is also the second busiest airport in Alaska.[34]

International cargo hub

[edit]

Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport is a major cargo hub. In 2023, it ranked as the second busiest cargo airport in the US and the world's fourth-busiest cargo airport. Cargo airlines travelling between Asia and the contiguous US prefer to refuel in Anchorage to carry less fuel and more cargo.[35][7]

FedEx Express and UPS Airlines operate major hubs at Anchorage International for cargo heading to and from the Far East.[30] NWA Cargo used to operate a major hub at the airport until December 28, 2009, when it closed all operations for Northwest Cargo at all airports. FedEx Express is the airport's largest cargo facility and can handle as many as 13,400 packages per hour, employing more than 1,200 people and providing a full customs clearance system. United Parcel Service's hub handles about 5,000 parcels per hour. Both companies forecast a large growth in traffic over the next several years as trade with China and other Far East countries increases and plan to expand their Anchorage facilities comparatively.[citation needed] The United States Postal Service also operates a large sectional center facility (SCF) for the 995xx ZIP Codes. It processes mail and parcels headed to and from all Alaska cities.

The United States Department of Transportation allows Anchorage and other Alaskan airports to be used as a transfer point for cargo between different aircraft of the same foreign air carrier without applying for special permission, a privilege not available at airports in the contiguous US. In 2020, the airport applied for similar authority for passenger traffic, which would potentially allow foreign airlines to use Anchorage as a connecting hub for international passengers. A similar exemption was previously granted to airports in Puerto Rico.[36][37]

Facilities and aircraft

[edit]

Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport covers an area of 4,608 acres (1,865 ha) at an elevation of 151 feet (46 m) above mean sea level. It has three runways: 7L/25R is 10,600 by 150 feet (3,231 x 46 m) with an asphalt surface; 7R/25L is 12,400 by 200 feet (3,780 x 61 m) with an asphalt/concrete surface; 15/33 is 10,865 by 200 feet (3,312 x 61 m) with an asphalt surface. The airport also has one asphalt helipad that is 100 by 100 feet (30 x 30 m).[1][38]

For the 12 months ending April 30, 2019, the airport had 261,961 aircraft operations, an average of 718 per day: 38% scheduled commercial, 32% general aviation, 29% air taxi, and <1% military. At that time there were 109 aircraft based at this airport: 61% multi-engine, 14% helicopter, 15% jet, and 10% single-engine.[1] The FAA projects operations to increase to 334,279 by 2030, or 918.882 operations per day.[39]

The airport also has a seaplane base adjacent to it, so that seaplanes and floatplanes can take off and land. The Lake Hood Seaplane Base, adjacent to Anchorage Airport, is the busiest seaplane base in the world.

Terminals

[edit]

The Anchorage International Airport has two terminals: the South Terminal with 24 gates, and the North Terminal with 8 gates, for a total of 32 gates.

The South Terminal (domestic) serves Air Canada, Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, Condor (Departures), Delta Air Lines, Discover Airlines (Departures), Sun Country Airlines, and United Airlines. All regional intrastate carriers also use the South Terminal.

RavnAir's check-in counters in Anchorage
Panorama of gate

The South terminal contains three concourses: Concourse A, Concourse B, and Concourse C. The area of what is today Concourse C stood the original airport terminal constructed in the 1950s. A hexagonal satellite terminal was constructed across the main structure shortly afterwards. In 1969, the terminal underwent a major expansion, forming what is today Concourse B - notable new features included a curved arrival/departure structure with an elevated departure ramp for vehicles. The sweeping structure was designed to connect with the existing hexagonal satellite, now the end of Concourse B. In 1985, Concourse A was added. In 2009, this portion of the South terminal received seismic and aesthetic upgrades.

Concourse C was completely rebuilt in 2004, designed by McCool Carlson Green Architects, while Concourses A and B were built in 1985 and 1969 respectively and renovated in 2009.[40] Architects HNTB and RIM Architects performed the architectural work for A/B Concourse.[41] The south terminal also contains two L gates, numbered L1 and L2. These gates are outside security on the lower level and adjacent to Concourse A.

The North Terminal (international) serves Condor (Arrivals), Discover Airlines (Arrivals), Japan Airlines, Korean Air, Yakutia Airlines, all international seasonal charter flights, and military flights. In addition to these airlines, a few cargo airlines use the north side of the terminal for parking while their aircraft have small problems that need maintenance for a day or so. This terminal was built in 1982.[40]

Airlines and destinations

[edit]

Passenger

[edit]
AirlinesDestinationsRefs
Air Canada Seasonal: Vancouver[42] [43]
Alaska Airlines Adak, Bethel, Chicago–O'Hare, Cordova, Deadhorse, Dillingham, Fairbanks, Honolulu, Juneau, King Salmon, Kodiak, Kotzebue, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Nome, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Portland (OR), Seattle/Tacoma, Utqiagvik
Seasonal: Denver, Kahului, Kailua-Kona, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–JFK, Sacramento,[44] Salt Lake City, San Diego, San Francisco 		[45]
Aleutian Airways Cold Bay, Homer,[46][47] Kenai,[48] King Salmon, Sand Point, Unalaska/Dutch Harbor [49]
American Airlines Seasonal: Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Phoenix–Sky Harbor (resumes May 21, 2026)[50][51] [52]
Condor Seasonal: Frankfurt [53]
Delta Air Lines Atlanta,[54] Minneapolis/St. Paul, Seattle/Tacoma
Seasonal: Detroit, Los Angeles,[55] Salt Lake City 		[56]
Grant Aviation Kenai [57]
Hawaiian Airlines Seasonal: Seattle/Tacoma [58]
Iliamna Air Taxi Iliamna [59]
Katmai Air Brooks Camp, King Salmon [60]
Reeve Air Alaska Gulkana [61]
Ryan Air Aniak [62]
Southwest Airlines Seasonal: Denver, Las Vegas (both begin May 15, 2026) [63]
Sun Country Airlines Seasonal: Minneapolis/St. Paul [64]
United Airlines Denver
Seasonal: Chicago–O'Hare, Houston–Intercontinental, Newark, San Francisco, Washington–Dulles 		[65]
WestJet Seasonal: Calgary[66] [67]

Destination maps

[edit]
North American passenger destinations map
class=notpageimage|
Destinations from Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport
Red = Year-round destination
Green = Seasonal destination
Blue= Future destination
Hawaii destinations map
class=notpageimage|
Destinations from Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport
Red = Year-round destination
Green = Seasonal destination
Europe passenger destinations map
class=notpageimage|
Destinations from Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport
Green = Seasonal destination

Cargo

[edit]
AirlinesDestinations
AeroLogic Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi [68]
Air China Cargo Beijing–Capital, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, New York–JFK, Shanghai–Pudong
Alaska Air Cargo[69] Adak, Bethel, Cordova, Deadhorse, Dillingham, Juneau, Kodiak, Kotzebue, Nome, Seattle/Tacoma, Utqiagvik
Alaska Central Express Aniak, Bethel, Cold Bay, Cordova, Dillingham, Iliamna, Juneau, King Salmon, Kodiak, Port Heiden, Sand Point, Sitka, St. George, St. Paul, Unalaska/Dutch Harbor
Amazon Air Seattle/Tacoma[70]
Asiana Cargo Atlanta, Los Angeles, New York–JFK, Seoul–Incheon
Atlas Air[71] Atlanta, Changsha, Chengdu–Shuangliu, Chicago–O'Hare, Chicago/Rockford, Chongqing, Cincinnati, Dallas/Fort Worth, Guadalajara, Halifax, Hangzhou, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Huntsville, Indianapolis, Jinan, Los Angeles, Louisville, Miami, Mexico City–AIFA, Nanjing, Nashville, New York–JFK, Qingdao, Santo Domingo–Las Américas, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Narita, Xiamen, Zhengzhou
Awesome Cargo[72] Mexico City-AIFA
Cargolux Chicago–O'Hare, Columbus–Rickenbacker, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, New York–JFK, Singapore, Zhengzhou
Cathay Pacific Cargo Atlanta, Calgary, Chicago–O'Hare, Columbus–Rickenbacker, Dallas/Fort Worth, Guadalajara, Hong Kong, Houston–Intercontinental, Los Angeles, Mexico City–AIFA, Miami, New York–JFK, San Francisco, Toronto–Pearson
China Airlines Cargo Atlanta, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Houston–Intercontinental, Los Angeles, Miami, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, San Francisco, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Cargo Airlines Atlanta, Chicago–O'Hare, Shanghai–Pudong
China Southern Cargo Chicago–O'Hare, Guangzhou,[73] Los Angeles, Shanghai–Pudong, Zhengzhou
DHL Aviation Charleston (SC),[74] Chicago–O'Hare,[75] Cincinnati, Hong Kong,[76] Huntsville,[77] Los Angeles, Miami, Nagoya–Centrair,[78] New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong,[79] Singapore, Tokyo–Narita[80]
Ethiopian Airlines Cargo Addis Ababa, Atlanta,[81] Seoul–Incheon[81]
Etihad Cargo Columbus–Rickenbacker, Hanoi
EVA Air Cargo Atlanta, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, New York–JFK, Osaka–Kansai, Taipei–Taoyuan[82]
Everts Air Cargo Bethel, Dillingham, Emmonak, Galena, King Salmon, Kotzebue, Nome
FedEx Express Fort Worth/Alliance, Guam, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Hong Kong, Indianapolis, Los Angeles, Memphis, Newark, Oakland, Osaka–Kansai, Seattle/Tacoma, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Singapore,[83] Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Narita, Toronto–Pearson
FedEx Feeder Fairbanks, Homer, Juneau, Kenai, Kodiak, Sitka
Kalitta Air Chicago–O'Hare,[84] Hefei,[84] Hong Kong,[85] Los Angeles,[86] Seoul–Incheon,[86] Shanghai–Pudong[87]
Korean Air Cargo Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Guadalajara, Halifax, Miami, New York–JFK, Seoul–Incheon, Toronto–Pearson
Lynden Air Cargo Bethel, Kotzebue, Nome
National Airlines Chicago–O'Hare,[88] Fairfield, Fussa–Yokota, Los Angeles, Nagoya–Centrair, Shanghai–Pudong, Tulsa
Nippon Cargo Airlines Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Frankfurt,[89] New York–JFK, Tokyo–Narita
Northern Air Cargo Aniak, Bethel, Deadhorse, Dillingham, Nome, Red Dog, Seattle–Tacoma, Unalakleet, Utqiagvik
Polar Air Cargo Tokyo–Narita
Qantas Freight Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Chicago–O'Hare, New York–JFK, Shanghai–Pudong, Sydney
Singapore Airlines Cargo Dallas/Fort Worth, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Nanjing, Singapore, Xiamen
Sky Lease Cargo Changsha,[90] Chicago–O'Hare,[91] Miami,[91] Zhengzhou[91]
Suparna Airlines Chicago–O'Hare,[92] Nanjing,[93] Shanghai–Pudong,[94] Zhengzhou[92]
TransNorthern Aviation Kenai, Kodiak
UPS Airlines Chicago/Rockford, Hong Kong, Louisville, Newark, Ontario, Osaka–Kansai, Portland (OR), Seattle–Boeing, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Taipei–Taoyuan, Tokyo–Narita
Western Global Airlines Dallas/Fort Worth, Fort Myers, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Louisville, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong[95]

Statistics

[edit]

Top destinations

[edit]
Busiest domestic routes from ANC (July 2024 - June 2025)[2]
Rank City Passengers Carriers
1 Washington (state) Seattle/Tacoma, Washington 987,540 Alaska, Delta
2 Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska 175,020 Alaska
3 Minnesota Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota 123,590 Alaska, Delta, Sun Country
4 Illinois Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois 105,004 Alaska, American, United
5 Oregon Portland, Oregon 101,030 Alaska
6 Alaska Juneau, Alaska 83,430 Alaska
7 Colorado Denver, Colorado 81,113 Alaska, United
8 Alaska Bethel, Alaska 81,030 Alaska
9 Alaska Kodiak, Alaska 77,510 Alaska
10 Texas Dallas/Fort Worth, TX 69,360 American

Airline market share

[edit]
Top airlines at ANC (July 2024 - June 2025)[2]
Rank Airline Passengers Percent of market share
1 Alaska Airlines 3,245,000 63.08%
2 Delta Air Lines 684,000 13.17%
3 Horizon Air 445,000 8.57%
4 United Airlines 343,000 6.62%
5 American Airlines 173,000 3.34%
6 Other airlines 299,000 5.77%

Ground transport

[edit]

Inter-terminal

[edit]

A shuttle bus runs approximately every 15 minutes between the North and South terminals and the employee and long-term parking lots. A land-side inter-terminal walkway was completed in 2009. Air-side connections between the sterile areas of each terminal are not available.

To/from airport

[edit]

Route 40 of the Anchorage People Mover bus system serves the airport's North and South terminals every 15 minutes from 6:00am to 7:30pm on weekdays and every 30 minutes until 2:00am, as well as service every 30 minutes all day on Saturday and Sunday, connecting it with the downtown Transit Center.[96][97]

Taxi queues are available in front of each terminal. Courtesy vans and other ground transportation options pick up from designated areas in front of each terminal.[98]

Major national rental car chains are represented in an on-site consolidated rental car facility attached to the South terminal.[99]

There is a rail station for the Alaska Railroad. It is only available during the summer season for cruise ship service. The depot opened in 2003 after funding was secured by United States Senator Ted Stevens, but commuter service never materialized.[100]

Renovations

[edit]

Renovations began on the A and B concourses in fall 2006. These renovations are designed to bring the older portions into compliance with current seismic, heating, ventilation, electrical and safety codes, and also include new baggage handling systems and renovations to the interior of the concourses.[101] Since the completion of the construction, all domestic flights are operated out of the South Terminal.

Commissioned art pieces

[edit]
  • Euphony,[102] 2004: glass artist – Warren Carther

The piece consists of nine towers of glass, collectively adding up to 42 meters (130  ft) of span and reaching 8 meters (26 ft) at its highest point. The series of panels are inspired by Alaska's immensely rugged landscape of glaciers and mountains. The ambiguous images embedded within the sculpture address Alaska's continual balancing of the forces of technology with the vast powers of the natural world.

On November 30, 2018, at 8:29 a.m. AKST (17:29 UTC) was damaged in the 7.1 magnitude earthquake and repaired a few months later. It was damaged again in 2020 by a disgruntled passenger which still has yet to be repaired as of 2022.

Programs

[edit]

The airport features an innovative customer service program, which partners with most on-site (and some nearby) vendors and concessionaires and aims to promote a positive image of the airport and the State of Alaska in the minds of travellers. This volunteer, self-funded committee mystery shops at partnering companies provides awards of cash, free covered parking, and donated prizes to winning employees.[103][104][105]

Accidents and incidents

[edit]
  • On May 1, 1969, a Mobil Oil Canadair CL-44 on final approach to runway 6L at ANC, the undercarriage beam bogie snapped upon landing. The right wing and no. 3 and 4 engines struck the runway. The aircraft swerved onto the grass, breaking off the right wing. A fire erupted but all four occupants managed to escape. The probable cause was the co-pilot, who was conducting the landing, didn't level off correctly and supervision by the captain was inadequate. The aircraft was destroyed and written off.[106]
  • On October 1, 1970, Douglas R4D-6 N47 of the Federal Aviation Administration crashed shortly after take-off and was destroyed in the subsequent fire. The aircraft was operating a local training flight. Both crew members were killed.[107]
  • On November 27, 1970, Douglas DC-8-63 of Capitol Airlines crashed on takeoff from Anchorage, killing 47 of 229 passengers and crew on board, operating as Capitol Flight 3/26.[108]
  • On January 13, 1977, JAL Cargo Flight 8054, a McDonnell-Douglas DC-8-62F, crashed shortly after takeoff with a cargo of live beef cattle for delivery to Tokyo, Japan. The three crew members and the two cargo handlers aboard the aircraft died in the crash, and the aircraft was destroyed. The National Transportation Safety Board determined that the probable cause of the accident was a stall that resulted from the pilot's control inputs aggravated by airframe icing while the pilot was under the influence of alcohol.[109]
  • On December 4, 1978, a Learjet 25C en route from Juneau crashed upon landing. On board were Ann Stevens, wife of US Senator Ted Stevens; lobbyist and former Alaska Commissioner of Commerce and Economic Development (and future US Ambassador to Brazil) Langhorne A. Motley, prominent Anchorage lawyer Joseph Rudd, and three others. The party was travelling from the second-term inauguration of Alaska governor Jay Hammond to an Anchorage fundraiser organized by Motley. Motley and Ted Stevens were the only survivors.[110]
  • On June 8, 1983, Reeve Aleutian Airways Flight 8's propeller separated from the Lockheed L-188 Electra and tore a hole in the fuselage over the Pacific Ocean, causing explosive decompression and loss of control. The pilots managed to land the aircraft safely at Anchorage, and all 15 passengers and crew survived. Since the propeller fell into the sea the cause of the separation is undetermined.
  • On December 23, 1983, the 1983 Anchorage runway collision occurred when Korean Air Lines Flight 084, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10 freighter bound for Los Angeles, attempted to take off on the wrong runway in dense fog and collided with SouthCentral Air Flight 59, a Piper PA-31 waiting to take off in the opposite direction. Both aircraft were destroyed, the three flight crew of the DC-10 were seriously injured, and three of the nine occupants of the PA-31 sustained minor injuries, but no fatalities resulted.
  • On December 15, 1989, KLM Flight 867 entered a volcanic ash cloud after takeoff, created by an eruption from nearby Mount Redoubt. The flight suffered a complete loss of engine power and returned to make an emergency landing at Anchorage.
  • On March 31, 1993, a Boeing 747-121, Japan Air Lines Flight 46E, operated by Evergreen International Airlines, departing Anchorage for Chicago, suffered a complete loss of the number 2 engine pylon at 2,000 ft after encountering severe-to-extreme turbulence after takeoff. The aircraft then experienced an uncommanded left bank of approximately 50 degrees. The flight crew successfully landed the aircraft back at Anchorage, to discover the number 2 engine and all of the leading edge of the wing between the number 1 and 2 engines had been torn away. The investigation found that the engine pylon had been weakened by metal fatigue cracking, which made the engine more susceptible to separation in severe turbulence.[111]
  • On October 9, 2002, a Boeing 747-451, Northwest Airlines Flight 85 en route from Detroit to Tokyo, suffered a lower rudder hardover. While flying over the Bering Sea, the aircraft abruptly went into a 35- through 40-degree left bank after the lower rudder had swung left 17° and hydraulic failure caused it to be stuck in place. Captain Frank Geib and First Officer Mike Fagan were at the controls at the time, having just taken over from Senior Captain John Hanson and First Officer David Smith. Geib declared an emergency and turned the aircraft back towards Anchorage. Hanson had returned to the cockpit and soon took over the controls. He and Fagan then flew the aircraft for over an hour before successfully landing in Anchorage. To steer the aircraft, they had to use asymmetric engine thrust or varying input into the engines as they were unable to use the ailerons at the time. No passengers or crew were injured, but the incident resulted in an airworthiness directive to prevent the possibility of a future accident.
  • On November 30, 2018, the airport was hit by a magnitude 7.1 earthquake which shook the terminal and damaged buildings and the tower. FedEx 49 was on final approach to runway 7R when the quake hit. Tower ordered them to go around and FedEx 49 declared a missed approach. 117 people were injured in the terminal when the ceiling came down.[112]

Media appearances

[edit]

The airport was the focus of a Smithsonian Channel miniseries Ice Airport Alaska that ran in late 2020. It has also been shown in the Discovery Channel series Deadliest Catch.

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (IATA: ANC, ICAO: PANC) is the primary in , established in 1951 to serve as the state's main gateway for . Originally named Anchorage International Airport, it was renamed in 2000 to honor U.S. Senator , a pilot and longtime advocate for Alaskan infrastructure who served from 1968 to 2009. Located at 5000 W. International Airport Road, approximately 5 miles southwest of , the facility spans 4,837 acres and features three s, including a 12,400-foot primary capable of accommodating the largest . As Alaska's busiest airport, ANC handled approximately 5.2 million passengers in 2024, with over 43,000 passenger aircraft landings in 2023, connecting the state to major U.S. hubs like , , and , as well as international routes and dozens of remote Alaskan communities. Its strategic location—roughly 9.5 flight hours from 90% of the world's industrialized population—positions it as a vital refueling and stop for trans-Pacific flights, making it North America's second-busiest airport and the fifth worldwide, with over 50,000 landings and more than 3.5 million metric tons of freight processed annually. The airport adjoins , the world's largest and busiest floatplane facility, enhancing connectivity to 's vast rural areas. Economically, ANC supports over 15,500 direct jobs and drives broader , notably surging in volume during the as global demand outpaced passenger declines. While occasional operational incidents, such as runway excursions or cybersecurity disruptions, have occurred, the airport's military origins during and Cold War expansions underscore its enduring role in national defense and commercial growth.

History

Origins and Early Development

The origins of what is now Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport lie in the post-World War II expansion of infrastructure in , prompted by the territory's strategic location and increasing demands. In 1948, the U.S. Congress authorized the construction of international airports in Anchorage and Fairbanks to facilitate and support in the region. This initiative reflected the causal importance of reliable air links for a remote, resource-dependent , where surface transportation was limited by and . Construction on the Anchorage site, located approximately five miles southwest of , began in the late on federally provided land, with the established in 1951. Initial development focused on essential runways and support facilities to accommodate propeller-driven aircraft, marking a shift from earlier makeshift fields like the 1924 Delaney Park Strip and , which had served Anchorage's aviation needs since the but lacked capacity for growing international traffic. The facility opened as a joint-use shared between commercial operators and the , enabling immediate military-civil integration amid tensions. Commercial operations commenced in 1951, with the first scheduled passenger services provided by carriers such as using the new infrastructure. By 1952, construction of the initial terminal building was underway, supporting an expanding role as a refueling and maintenance stop on transpacific and emerging polar routes. Early passenger volumes were modest, handling thousands annually in the mid-1950s, but the airport's position along great-circle flight paths between , , and quickly positioned it as a vital node, with traffic growing due to advancements and geopolitical necessities like U.S.-Soviet standoffs. This development underscored the empirical reality that Anchorage's latitude minimized fuel consumption for intercontinental flights, driving organic expansion without reliance on subsidies beyond initial federal investment.

Military and Strategic Role

The Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport, upon its opening on December 10, 1951, functioned as a joint-use facility for commercial and military aviation, initially supporting the alongside civilian operations to alleviate congestion at existing fields like Elmendorf and Merrill. This dual designation stemmed from Alaska's frontier status and the U.S. military's expanding presence post-World War II, with the airport's infrastructure—including its initial runways capable of handling heavy aircraft—designed to accommodate both transport and fighter operations amid rising geopolitical tensions. Geographically positioned as a midpoint between continental and , roughly 9.5 flight hours from 90% of the industrialized world, the airport assumed strategic importance during the as a mandatory refueling and technical stop for long-haul military flights circumventing Soviet via the . U.S. transports and bombers utilized ANC for en route to Pacific bases, enhancing rapid response capabilities against Soviet threats in the and , while its reliable all-weather facilities supported continuous operations in Alaska's harsh climate. Proximate to Elmendorf Air Force Base—established in 1940 and pivotal for intercepting potential Soviet incursions—the airport integrated with regional air defense networks, sharing airspace and runways that enabled joint exercises and emergency diversions for military aircraft. This synergy reinforced Alaska's designation as the "Guardian of the North," with ANC facilitating the basing of fighter squadrons at Elmendorf, such as the 43rd Tactical Fighter Squadron in 1970, amid heightened deterrence needs. The facility's role persisted into later decades, underscoring its enduring value for U.S. strategic projection in the Pacific.

Transition to Commercial Operations

Following , the demand for civilian air travel in surged due to and the strategic importance of Anchorage as a refueling stop on transpacific routes, prompting the need for a dedicated separate from existing facilities like Elmendorf Field. In 1948, the U.S. federal government provided a $13 million grant to construct the facility, which addressed limitations of prior airfields used jointly by and early commercial operators such as Northwest Orient Airlines, which had initiated transpacific scheduled service via Elmendorf. The new airport incorporated longer runways capable of handling larger propeller-driven aircraft, marking a shift from ad-hoc -civilian sharing to structured joint operations with the . The Anchorage International Airport opened for air traffic in December 1951, establishing commercial operations from its inception as Alaska's primary gateway. Initial airlines included Canadian Pacific Airlines, which utilized the site for refueling, alongside domestic carriers like serving intrastate routes. This transition facilitated rapid growth, with the airport handling international flights from and amid Cold War airspace restrictions over the , positioning Anchorage as a vital hub rivaling major U.S. facilities in traffic volume by the mid-1950s. Joint military-commercial use persisted, with the maintaining a presence, but expansions—such as terminal construction and apron enhancements—prioritized accommodating scheduled passenger and services, underscoring the airport's evolution into a commercial powerhouse. By 1953, the facility fully supported business operations, handling an estimated 90% of Alaska's and passenger movements thereafter.

Renaming and Expansion Era

In 2000, the Alaska state legislature renamed Anchorage International Airport as Anchorage International Airport to honor U.S. Senator , a longtime advocate for Alaska's and transportation infrastructure who served from 1968 to 2009 and secured federal funding for numerous airport projects. The renaming recognized Stevens' role in facilitating the airport's growth as a key hub, including exemptions from certain restrictions that boosted its operations. Coinciding with the renaming, the airport launched a multi-year Terminal Redevelopment Program (TRP) starting in 1999, aimed at modernizing facilities to handle rising passenger and cargo demands. This included the complete demolition and rebuilding of Concourse C, addition of a new South Terminal Arrivals Hall, and expansion of the South Terminal by 447,200 square feet with nine jet gates primarily leased to , with construction spanning 1999 to 2005 and involving airline relocations for phased work. Further renovations to Concourses A and B began in 2006, updating interiors, systems, and security features in response to post-9/11 standards, culminating in overall terminal completion by 2010. Airfield enhancements during this era focused on capacity and safety, including reconstruction of the main and of new taxiways between 2000 and 2010 to support heavier international operations and transpolar flights. The Alaska Cargoport facility opened in mid-2000, enhancing cold storage and capabilities amid growth in freighter traffic from carriers like , which established Anchorage as a global hub. These developments solidified the airport's role in handling over 2 million metric tons of annually by the late , driven by its strategic position on great-circle routes between Asia and .

Facilities and Ground Infrastructure

Runways, Taxiways, and Aircraft Handling

Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport operates three primary runways designed to support diverse operations, including international passenger flights, heavy transport, and activities. Runway 07R/25L measures 12,400 feet in length by 200 feet in width, surfaced with grooved asphalt and in good condition, equipped with high-intensity edge lighting, ALSF-2 approach lighting, centerline lights, and a 4-light PAPI. Runway 07L/25R is 10,600 feet by 150 feet, featuring grooved asphalt, high-intensity edge lights, MALSR approach lights, centerline lights, and a 4-light PAPI. Runway 15/33 spans 10,865 feet by 200 feet, with grooved asphalt, high-intensity edge lights, MALSF approach lights, centerline lights, and a 4-light PAPI.
RunwayLength (ft)Width (ft)SurfaceLighting and Aids
12,400200, groovedHIEL, ALSF-2, centerline, 4-light PAPI, ILS/DME
07L/25R10,600150Asphalt, groovedHIEL, MALSR, centerline, 4-light PAPI, ILS/DME
15/3310,865200Asphalt, groovedHIEL, MALSF, centerline, 4-light PAPI, ILS/DME
The taxiway system encompasses approximately 341 acres, facilitating efficient movement between runways, terminals, and aprons. Recent improvements include reconstructions of Taxiways , G1, and J to enhance access to Runway 07R/25L, eliminating certain crossings for improved safety, and extensions to accommodate larger . Certain taxiways, such as V, are restricted to weighing 12,500 pounds or less due to structural and considerations. Aircraft handling capabilities support operations for all sizes and types, including Design Group VI and freighters up to equivalents, enabled by the runways' lengths and the 's 4,837-acre expanse. The facility provides (ARFF) Index E services, multiple fuel types (Jet A, Jet A-1), and major maintenance, positioning ANC as a critical refueling and technical stop for trans-Pacific flights. Ground handling includes dedicated cargo aprons and support for international customs processing.

Terminals and Concourses

The Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport features two terminals: the South Terminal, which handles the majority of domestic passenger operations, and the North Terminal, primarily used for arrivals processing and select smaller domestic carriers. The South Terminal includes three s—A, B, and C—connected post-security, accommodating a total of 24 gates for airlines such as , , and . A primarily serves regional and mainline domestic flights with gates A1 through A17; B handles additional domestic routes via gates B1 through B8; and C supports both domestic and limited departures with gates C1 through C8, including facilities for U.S. and preclearance where applicable. The North Terminal, smaller in scale, contains 8 gates and focuses on international inbound flights requiring U.S. and clearance upon arrival, as well as operations for regional carriers like . It lacks extensive concourses but includes dedicated check-in counters, security screening, and baggage claim areas tailored for lower-volume traffic, with shuttle services available to connect to the South Terminal when needed. Gates L1 and L2, located outside security on the lower level adjacent to Concourse A in the South Terminal, serve additional low-cost or charter operations. Overall, the terminals provide essential amenities including TSA checkpoints, dining options, and free , though the North Terminal sees reduced utilization following the decline in transpolar refueling stops post-Cold War.

Air Traffic Control and Support Systems

The operates the Anchorage Airport Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) at Ted Stevens Anchorage International , providing continuous visual control for ground movements and airport traffic area operations. Primary tower communications occur on 118.3 MHz, with a backup frequency of 257.8 MHz, while ground control uses 121.9 MHz and 338.25 MHz. The adjacent Anchorage Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON, designated A11) handles radar vectoring for arrivals and departures in the terminal , with sector frequencies including 118.6 MHz, 119.1 MHz, 123.8 MHz, 126.4 MHz, and 134.1 MHz depending on altitude and direction. Beyond terminal boundaries, the Anchorage Air Route Traffic Control Center (ZAN) assumes enroute control over more than two million square miles of , utilizing ATOP for oceanic procedures and MEARTS/FDP-2000 for automated tracking in domestic sectors. Navigation aids supporting approaches include the Anchorage VOR/DME on 113.15 MHz and ILS/DME systems for runways 07L, 07R, and 15, alongside RNAV (RNP/GPS) procedures available for all runways. The airport maintains Class C airspace with radar services, enhanced by automated surface observing system (ASOS) weather stations and digital ATIS on 135.5 MHz for real-time advisories. Instrument guidance features approach lighting systems such as ALSF-2 (2,400-foot high-intensity with sequenced flashers for Category II/III minima) on runway 07R, MALSR on 07L, and MALSF on 15, complemented by precision approach path indicators (PAPI) set at 3.00° to 3.20° glide angles on all runways. In August 2025, the FAA canceled a bid for a new seismically reinforced ATCT and TRACON facility—originally planned with a 91- to 101-foot cab height—due to excessive costs exceeding budget, opting instead to reinitiate procurement. Concurrently, the FAA's Anchorage Terminal Area Airspace and Procedures Study evaluates redesigns to address procedural inefficiencies and safety gaps in terminal operations.

Operations and Airlines

Passenger Services

Passenger services at Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (ANC) encompass facilities for domestic and international carriers, handling, and TSA screening in both the South and North Terminals. The South Terminal primarily serves domestic flights with self-service kiosks and dedicated counters for airlines like , while the North Terminal accommodates international arrivals and select domestic operations. Baggage claim areas feature carousels equipped for efficient retrieval, with lost and found services managed by airport staff. Amenities include free wireless available throughout both terminals, accessible by connecting to the public network without passwords or fees. Dining options post-security in the South Terminal consist of outlets such as 49th State Brewing, , Denali Pretzels, and Alaska Doghaus, offering a mix of quick-service meals, , and local brews. Shopping facilities provide duty-free items, newsstands like Hudson News, and Alaska-themed souvenirs, though no full operates on-site. ATMs and currency exchange services support traveler needs. Ground transportation integrates on-site short-term and long-term parking garages adjacent to terminals, with rates varying by duration; the Park, Ride & Fly lot offers lower-cost off-site parking with complimentary shuttle service every 20-30 minutes. A cell phone waiting lot facilitates pickups without circling, and connections to taxis, rideshares, and the depot serve cruise and local transfers. Accessibility features include wheelchair assistance coordinated through airlines or ground handlers like ABM, accessible restrooms, and priority TSA screening for eligible passengers. Lounge options remain limited, with the Upper One Lounge providing pre-security seating and basic refreshments.

Cargo Hub Dynamics

Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport serves as a critical trans-Pacific cargo transfer hub due to its position along routes connecting and , enabling freighters to refuel and offload partial fuel loads for greater payload efficiency compared to nonstop flights. This geographic advantage minimizes fuel weight, allowing aircraft to carry up to 20-30% more on segmented routes, with most operations involving international transit rather than local Alaskan freight. The airport's 24-hour operations without curfew, combined with U.S. policies permitting foreign carriers to transfer cargo between aircraft without formal entry, facilitate rapid sorting and reloading by major integrators like and , which maintain dedicated hubs for Asia-North America flows. Northern Air Cargo and also operate extensively, handling regional and international volumes, while recent additions in October 2024—including Awesome Cargo Airlines, Central Airlines of , ASL Air Cargo, Aerologic Air Cargo, and —have expanded capacity amid rising global and demands. Cargo dynamics emphasize high-frequency freighter movements, predominantly and 777 models, with peaks during Asian manufacturing cycles and U.S. holiday seasons; in 2024, ANC ranked as the fourth-busiest globally, processing over 3.7 million metric tonnes primarily through technical stops and consolidations. These operations rely on efficient ground handling, cold-chain capabilities for perishables, and proximity to for occasional military-civilian synergies, though challenges include weather disruptions and competition from direct Pacific routes.

Airlines and Destinations

Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport accommodates scheduled services from 13 airlines, to 50 destinations, predominantly domestic. , the dominant carrier, operates the bulk of flights, including over 1,000 weekly departures to 40-plus intra-Alaska and Lower 48 points, serving as the primary link to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport for onward connections. Major U.S. network carriers include with service to , , Minneapolis-Saint Paul, and ; to , Newark, , and ; to Chicago-O'Hare, Dallas-Fort Worth, and Phoenix-Sky Harbor; and to and Kailua-Kona. provides seasonal flights to and , with expanded service planned from May 2026. International passenger routes are limited and seasonal: Air Canada to Vancouver, WestJet to Calgary (inaugurated summer 2025), and Condor to Frankfurt. Regional commuter airlines such as Ravn Alaska, Grant Aviation, Aleutian Airways, and ViaAir connect to remote Alaskan communities including Bethel, Kodiak, Nome, Unalaska (Dutch Harbor), and Deadhorse (Prudhoe Bay). The following table summarizes key passenger destinations by category:
CategoryDestinations
Intra-AlaskaAdak, Bethel, Cold Bay, Cordova, Deadhorse, Dillingham, Fairbanks, Homer, Juneau, Kenai, King Salmon, Kodiak, Kotzebue, Nome, Unalaska, and others (served primarily by and regionals)
Lower 48 & Atlanta (ATL), Chicago (ORD), Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW), Denver (DEN), Honolulu (HNL), Las Vegas (LAS), Los Angeles (LAX), Minneapolis (MSP), Newark (EWR), Phoenix (PHX), (SFO), (SEA), Washington Dulles (IAD)
International (YYC, seasonal), (FRA, seasonal), (YVR, seasonal)

Traffic Statistics

In calendar year 2023, Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport recorded 2,681,818 passenger enplanements, reflecting a 2.98% increase from 2,604,308 in 2022, according to Federal Aviation Administration data. Total passenger throughput, encompassing both enplanements and deplanements, reached approximately 5.4 million in fiscal year 2023, driven by seasonal tourism and business travel to Alaska's resource sectors. Traffic exhibits strong seasonality, with summer months (June through August) accounting for roughly double the volume of winter periods, attributable to visitor influx for outdoor activities and cruise ship connections rather than year-round demand from local population or industry alone. The caused a precipitous drop, with deplaned passengers falling to 732,791 in 2020 amid global travel restrictions and reduced domestic flights. Recovery accelerated in 2021, yielding a 93% rise in overall passenger traffic from the prior year, supported by easing restrictions and pent-up demand for destinations. By 2023, volumes surpassed immediate pre-pandemic levels in some metrics, though full historical peaks from 2019—when enplanements hit record highs for the airport—remained the benchmark for sustained growth. In 2024, passenger activity continued upward, with nearly 3 million arrivals logged, indicating enplanements exceeding 2.8 million and total throughput approaching 6 million amid expanded routes and economic rebound. Through October 2025, year-to-date passenger totals stood at 3,255,061, a 3% gain over the same period in 2024, positioning ANC as the 5th-busiest medium-hub airport in the U.S. and 37th among lower-48 facilities. This growth correlates with Alaska's recovery and oil sector stability, though vulnerability to fuel prices and weather disruptions persists, as evidenced by consistent summer dominance in operations data.
YearEnplanements (FAA CY)Total Passengers (Approx., Enplaned + Deplaned)Notes
2020~1,000,000 (est. from deplanements)~1.5 millionPandemic low
2021~2,100,000 (est. from deplanements)~4.3 million93% YoY increase
20222,604,308~5.2 millionPost-recovery stabilization
20232,681,8185.4 million (FY)Seasonal peak rebound
2024~2.9 million (est. from arrivals)~5.8-6 millionContinued expansion

Cargo Volumes and Rankings

Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (ANC) handles substantial air volumes, primarily serving as a technical stop and point for flights between and . In 2023, ANC facilitated the transit, on-loading, and off-loading of over 3.7 million metric tons of . Cargo activity in 2024 increased by 7.6% compared to 2023, reflecting continued demand for its strategic location. Through October 2024, ANC processed 2,999,201 metric tonnes, marking a 7.7% rise from 2,783,843 metric tonnes in the same period of 2023. These volumes are driven by approximately 140 daily landings, the third-highest annual average on record. ANC consistently ranks among the top global and North American cargo airports. In 2023, it placed fourth worldwide and second in North America by cargo throughput, according to Airports Council International (ACI) data. For 2024, ACI ranked ANC second in North America, behind Memphis International Airport's 3,754,236 metric tons. This positioning underscores ANC's role in global supply chains, with volumes supported by operators like FedEx, Atlas Air, and new entrants such as CMA CGM Air Cargo in 2024.
YearCargo Volume (Metric Tonnes)Year-over-Year Change
2023 (full)>3,700,000-
2024 (Jan-Oct)2,999,201+7.7%

Market Share and Top Routes

Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport commands the majority of Alaska's commercial traffic, representing approximately 54% of statewide enplanements in 2023 with 2,681,818 . Preliminary data for calendar year 2024 indicate 2,767,856 enplanements at ANC, reflecting a 3.21% increase from the prior year and underscoring its role as Alaska's primary gateway.
AirlineMarket Share (%)
Alaska Airlines61.92
Delta Air Lines13.41
Horizon Air8.47
United Airlines6.70
American Airlines3.37
Alaska Airlines maintains dominance in the passenger market at ANC, carrying 61.92% of U.S. flight passengers according to Bureau of Transportation Statistics data for the period spanning recent months. Delta Air Lines ranks second at 13.41%, followed by regional carriers like Horizon Air (8.47%), with low-cost and legacy competitors such as United and American holding smaller portions amid Alaska Airlines' extensive intra-state and West Coast connectivity. The busiest route from ANC is to Seattle/Tacoma International Airport (SEA), which accounted for 1,027,107 passengers or 39.2% of domestic traffic in 2022 based on U.S. Department of Transportation figures. This high-volume link, primarily operated by Alaska Airlines with over 1,000 monthly flights, serves as the primary conduit to the Lower 48 states. Intra-Alaska routes to Fairbanks (FAI) and Kenai (ENA) follow as key corridors, with ENA seeing the highest departure frequency at 109 flights per week on average, reflecting demand for regional connectivity. International routes, such as to Vancouver (YVR), handled 24,378 passengers in 2019 but remain secondary to domestic flows.

Economic Significance

Direct Employment and Revenue

Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (ANC) directly supports approximately 10,820 jobs through on-site by airport tenants, airlines, handlers, and related operations in 2021. These positions encompass roles in aviation services, , , concessions, and administrative functions, with direct earnings totaling $876.6 million annually from these activities. The figure reflects badged personnel and tenant-reported , excluding indirect or induced elsewhere in the economy. ANC generates operating revenues primarily from landing fees, terminal rents, concessions, and passenger facility charges, amounting to $113.8 million in 2021. These funds support airport maintenance, infrastructure improvements, and self-sustaining operations within the Revenue Fund, without relying on state general funds. Cargo handling and activities, which dominate ANC's traffic, contribute significantly to this revenue stream due to high volumes of international freight. As part of the System, ANC's revenues form the bulk of the system's totals, which reached approximately $180 million in 2024 across operations and charges.

Broader Regional Impact

The operations of Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport exert substantial indirect and induced economic effects across , generating over $2.3 billion in annual economic output through multipliers from cargo handling, passenger flows, and ancillary services. These ripple effects sustain approximately 26,000 jobs statewide, including roles in , , and support industries that extend into rural areas and beyond direct airport payrolls. In the alone, the airport underpins one in seven jobs, amplifying local business revenues and tax bases via heightened commercial activity. As 's principal air gateway, ANC facilitates that injects billions into the regional , serving as the for nonresident visitors whose spending reached $2.2 billion statewide in recent assessments, with nearly half concentrated in Southcentral . Airport-generated taxes, including $30 million in and $5 million in rentals in 2021, directly fund regional and services, while enhanced routes to major U.S. hubs have correlated with record cruise passenger volumes, diversifying economic dependencies away from resource extraction. ANC's cargo dominance—ranking fourth globally and handling over 3.7 million metric tons yearly, with 51% of Asia-U.S. airfreight transiting the facility—anchors in transpacific , attracting investments from carriers like and that spur regional logistics hubs and job growth. This throughput supports Alaskan exports such as and components via efficient inbound supply chains, while providing critical connectivity to over 90 rural communities through passenger, mail, and emergency diversion services, thereby mitigating isolation and enabling sustained development in remote economies.

Contribution to Global Supply Chains

Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (ANC) serves as a critical node in global air cargo networks due to its geographic position along routes spanning and , enabling efficient trans-Pacific freight movement where direct nonstop flights are often constrained by aircraft range, ETOPS regulations, and . This location facilitates technical stops for refueling, crew changes, and cargo transfers, handling time-sensitive shipments such as electronics, pharmaceuticals, and perishables that require to minimize delays. In 2024, ANC ranked as the fourth-busiest worldwide and second in by volume, processing over 3.7 million short tons of freight, with approximately 51% of Asia-to- transiting through its facilities. The supports around 138 wide-body landings daily, underscoring its role in sustaining high-velocity logistics flows amid global disruptions like those from rerouting or pandemic-era bottlenecks. Major integrators including and UPS operate dedicated sorting hubs at ANC, with 's facility capable of handling up to 20,000 packages per hour, enabling seamless consolidation and distribution that bolsters just-in-time dependencies in sectors like and automotive parts. ANC's infrastructure enhancements, such as the 2024 addition of five new carriers, further integrate it into diversified s by accommodating increased volumes from emerging routes, reducing reliance on congested Asian gateways like or Narita. This positioning not only accelerates delivery cycles—cutting transit times by up to 24 hours compared to alternative southern routings—but also enhances resilience for global trade, as evidenced by cargo surges during 2021 strains when ANC climbed to fourth globally from fifth.

Ground Transportation

Inter-Terminal Connectivity

The South Terminal handles the majority of domestic commercial flights across Concourses A, B, and C, while the North Terminal accommodates regional carriers such as , charters, military operations, and international arrivals for customs processing. The terminals lack an airside connection, requiring transferring passengers to exit , retrieve if necessary, and proceed landside to the other facility before re-clearing . A covered walkway links the two terminals outside , accessible near claim areas, with a walking time of approximately 5 to 10 minutes. This pathway facilitates connections without reliance on vehicles, though shuttle buses operate intermittently for passengers with mobility needs or heavy luggage, typically every 15 minutes from designated curbside stops. For international-to-domestic transfers, arrivals at the North Terminal undergo U.S. Customs and Border Protection processing before utilizing the walkway or shuttle to reach the South Terminal's departure gates. Rental car agencies and other ground services are centralized near the South Terminal, with dedicated shuttles from the North Terminal running every 10 minutes to the consolidated facility. These arrangements support efficient passenger flow despite the terminals' separation, which spans about 0.5 miles.

Access to Anchorage and Surrounding Areas

The Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport is located approximately six miles south of , connected primarily via International Airport Road, which links to Minnesota Drive and Spenard Road for northward travel into the city center. This road network facilitates quick access, with typical drive times to downtown ranging from 15 to 25 minutes under normal traffic conditions. For surrounding areas, the airport's proximity to the (Alaska Route 1) allows vehicular access southward to destinations like Girdwood and Seward, while the Glenn Highway () connects eastward to the borough via Minnesota Drive. Public bus service is provided by the Anchorage system, with Routes 40 and 65 serving the South Terminal; Route 40 operates between the Transit Center and the airport via Spenard Road, running every 15 minutes during peak hours and taking about 20 minutes to , while Route 65 extends to Anchorage. Single-ride fares are $2.00, offering an economical option for intra-city travel, though service to outlying areas like Eagle River or the Mat-Su Valley requires transfers or private arrangements. Taxis and rideshare services, including , are available curbside at both terminals, with fares to typically $17 to $22 one way; shuttles also operate on demand for direct transfers. Rental car facilities are consolidated at an off-site Rental Car Center, accessible via free shuttles from the terminals every 15 minutes; major providers include Alamo, Avis, , and others, enabling self-driven access to surrounding regions via the state's highway system. The Alaska Railroad's Bill Sheffield Depot at the airport provides seasonal rail connections, primarily for summer cruise passengers, to destinations like Denali National Park and Fairbanks, though it sees limited year-round use. Private shuttle services supplement these options for group travel or remote pickups, often extending to areas beyond Anchorage proper.

Renovations and Future Plans

Historical Upgrades

The airport underwent significant expansions in the late 1960s to accommodate growing passenger traffic, including the construction of a new terminal building in 1968 and a major addition in 1969 that featured a curved arrival and departure structure along with expanded concourses. By 1970, these efforts resulted in the creation of the South Terminal, larger modern facilities, and enlarged ticket and baggage claim areas to handle increased commercial aviation demands following Alaska's statehood. In the , upgrades focused on supporting facilities, such as the 1986 expansion of the adjacent Lake Hood Floatplane Facility, which included additional ramps and parking to integrate with the main airport's operations amid rising regional . The 1990s and early 2000s saw preparations for terminal modernization, with airline relocations beginning in 1999 to enable construction of Concourse C, a 447,200-square-foot addition completed ahead of schedule and opened in June 2004, providing nine jet gates, expanded passenger lounges, renovated ticket lobbies, and upgraded baggage systems. Further enhancements from 2000 to 2010 included main reconstruction and new developments to improve capacity and safety for both passenger and cargo operations, reflecting the airport's evolution into a key trans-Pacific refueling and hub. The South Terminal received a comprehensive two-phase modernization in 2008–2009, transforming the 50-year-old structure with seismic reinforcements, aesthetic improvements, and operational enhancements while maintaining 24/7 functionality. Concurrently, seismic upgrades were applied to the main terminal, Concourses A and B, and the ticket lobby to align with Concourse C standards and mitigate earthquake risks prevalent in .

Recent and Ongoing Projects

In 2024, Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport initiated an update to its master plan, an 18- to 24-month process aimed at defining the facility's role in evolving demands, achieving modern passenger terminal standards, leveraging global growth, and developing a business-oriented plan while engaging the to sustain community support. The update, managed by the Department of Transportation & Facilities, builds on prior planning to ensure safe and efficient operations amid rising cargo throughput, with a final report in preparation following public workshops held by May 2024. A key ongoing is the of a new tower, designed to improve , operational efficiency, and capacity at the airport, which ranks as North America's second-busiest cargo hub. Engineering firm is leading the design under project manager Giovanna Gambardella, with work underway in 2025 to address peak cargo demands from and reduce issues like congestion for parked aircraft. For summer 2025, the airport has scheduled multiple pavement and utility upgrades, including improvements to Taxiway R North and Taxiway U, reconstruction of the North Terminal North Apron and associated taxilanes, enhancements to Taxilanes E and M, and upgrades to the terminal water main system. These projects, coordinated by the Department of Transportation & Public Facilities, target maintenance of to support the airport's role in global air freight, though schedules remain subject to potential adjustments based on funding and weather conditions.

Master Plan and Long-Term Development

The Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (ANC) undertook a master plan update process spanning 18 to 24 months, culminating in the release of a final draft in May 2024 to guide and operational development over the subsequent 20 years. This update builds on the previous plan by inventorying existing facilities, forecasting demand, assessing facility needs, and evaluating development alternatives through stakeholder workshops and , including a key in May 2024. The plan aims to ensure safe, efficient operations amid rising passenger and cargo volumes while aligning with (FAA) standards and supporting Alaska's economic role in global logistics. Forecasts project annual enplanements growing from approximately 5 million in recent years to around 8 million by 2044, driven by expanded air service and regional connectivity, while ANC's throughput—currently ranking it as the world's fourth-busiest —is expected to increase further due to its strategic position as a trans-Pacific hub for and . Facility requirements emphasize enhancements to airside , including runways, taxiways, and aprons to handle larger aircraft and higher volumes; terminal expansions to accommodate growth and airline operational needs; and real estate development for and additional facilities. Long-term goals include bolstering through energy-efficient systems and resilience planning, with a separate RFP issued in May 2025 for an and Resilience Plan to address and climate risks. Recommended developments prioritize phased improvements, such as terminal and concessions expansions to enhance experience and revenue, alongside infrastructure to support new carriers and facilities like FedEx's expansions and NorthLink Aviation's hub. A potential fourth parallel is under consideration for long-term capacity but remains conceptual, pending FAA approvals, environmental impact reviews, and resolutions to land use conflicts involving nearby parkland. Implementation timelines extend years into the future, contingent on demand realization, funding via sources like FAA Improvement Program grants and public-private partnerships, and ongoing public input to balance growth with community concerns.

Safety and Incidents

Accident History

On November 27, 1970, a Douglas DC-8-63CF operated by Capitol International Airways as a charter flight crashed shortly after takeoff from 06R due to improper loading and balance that exceeded the aircraft's , leading to a and overrun followed by a post-crash fire; one crew member and 46 passengers were killed, while 182 other occupants were evacuated, 163 of whom sustained injuries. On January 13, 1977, a Douglas DC-8-62AF cargo flight impacted terrain approximately 1.5 miles short of Runway 06 during an in snow and low visibility, resulting in the destruction of the aircraft and the deaths of all five crew members; the determined the probable cause as the captain's decision to continue the approach below minimums without adequate visual reference, compounded by inadequate crew coordination. On December 23, 1983, Korean Air Lines Flight 084, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF cargo aircraft, collided during its takeoff roll on Runway 24 with a Piper PA-31-350 Navajo that had been cleared to cross the runway by air traffic control; the Piper was destroyed by impact and fire, killing its two occupants, while the DC-10 veered off the runway with substantial damage to its wings but no injuries to the crew; the NTSB cited air traffic control's failure to maintain adequate separation and visual scanning as the primary cause. The Aviation Safety Network database records 21 aircraft accidents at or near the airport since its establishment, predominantly involving general aviation operations in challenging Alaskan weather conditions, though commercial jet incidents have been limited to the aforementioned events with no fatal passenger airline crashes originating from or terminating at the facility in recent decades. Ground incidents, such as the January 8, 2025, case where mechanics inadvertently taxied an empty 737-900ER into a snowbank off a with no injuries or damage beyond the aircraft, highlight ongoing operational risks but have not resulted in casualties.

Safety Protocols and Improvements

The Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (ANC) maintains a comprehensive set of safety protocols outlined in its Airport Operations Manual, which governs runway usage, vehicle movements, and emergency responses to mitigate risks in Alaska's challenging environmental conditions. Aircraft hold absolute right-of-way over ground vehicles, requiring operators to yield and exercise caution during taxiing or incursions. A Preferential Runway Use Program prioritizes runways like 7R, 7L, and 15 during daytime hours (0700-2200 local) unless wind exceeds 15 knots crosswind or 5 knots tailwind, balancing operational efficiency with safety margins. Runway Safety Areas (RSAs) adhere to a standard 1,000-foot length, achieved through declared distances to accommodate the airport's terrain constraints. Wildlife hazard management is integrated into daily operations to address 's prevalent species such as birds and , with protocols including secure trash containment in hard-sided receptacles, leashed pets to prevent attractants near aircraft areas, and restricted snow disposal to designated sites using only clean snow to avoid drawing animals. The airport maintains a dedicated Hazard Management Plan, coordinated with federal guidelines under 14 CFR Part 139, emphasizing techniques and modifications. response protocols involve immediate notification to the Airport Communication Center at 907-266-2411 for incidents like spills, breakdowns, or accidents, with mandatory reporting to the Department of Environmental Conservation (907-269-3063 or 907-269-7500) and on-site cleanup requirements; the Airport Police and Fire Department handles aircraft rescues, structure fires, and water incidents on using specialized equipment. Weather-related protocols are critical given frequent low visibility, icing, and high winds; the Surface Movement Guidance and Control System (SMGCS) limits non-essential vehicle movements during reduced visibility, requiring coordination with Airport Operations at 907-266-2600, while advanced de-icing facilities and real-time monitoring ensure runway usability year-round. Adjacent enforces ice thickness checks (minimum 6 inches, firm and clear) before operations, closing if conditions are unknown or unsafe. Safety improvements have focused on resilience and operational enhancements, including 2025 projects for pavement rehabilitation on key runways and taxiways, alongside a sophisticated subsurface drainage system to prevent water pooling and extend asphalt life. Seismic retrofits and upgrades, such as replacing 1,000 feet of perimeter fencing along the northeast airfield edge, bolster structural integrity in earthquake-prone Anchorage, as demonstrated in post-2018 repairs. The Anchorage Terminal Area and Procedures Study (ATAAPS), completed in April 2022, recommended mitigations to enhance safety and around ANC and Elmendorf-Richardson, including proposed Class C modifications to reduce collision risks. Revisions to the SMGCS plan and Airport Operations Manual as of March 7, 2025, incorporate updated enforcement and low-visibility procedures, supporting the Master Plan's emphasis on sustained safe operations amid growing cargo and passenger volumes.

Cultural and Miscellaneous Aspects

Commissioned Art and Public Programs

The Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport incorporates commissioned artworks primarily through Alaska's Percent for Art program, which designates one percent of state-funded construction costs for acquisitions and installations. These pieces often reflect Alaskan landscapes, Native cultures, and natural themes, enhancing the terminal environments. Notable examples include "Canopy," a , marble, and granite by Sheila Wyne depicting an upward view into a forest on ceilings and columns, completed in 2008 as part of terminal renovations. In 2010, glass sculptor Ron Baron created "North to the Future," a site-specific installation commissioned following his research trip to Alaska, featuring fused glass panels evoking northern lights and indigenous motifs integrated into the terminal's architecture. Rachelle Dowdy's "From Here to There and There to Here," a sculptural work exploring connectivity and travel, was also acquired under the Percent for Art initiative and displayed in passenger areas. In January 2012, a 9-foot by 32-foot tri-panel oil painting titled "Rainbow Creek" by David Mollett, based on field studies near the Chugach State Park trailhead, was installed above the baggage claim to depict local wilderness scenes. A life-size bronze statue of former U.S. Senator , sculpted by Joan Bugbee Jackson, was unveiled on February 24, 2019, between the B and C concourses in the South Terminal, accompanied by an educational display on his contributions to 's infrastructure. The airport also maintains a rotating collection of Alaska Native carvings, baskets, and ivory works, sourced from local artists to showcase indigenous heritage without formal commissioning processes. Public programs include the annual Holiday Art Contest, organized by the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, which solicits aviation-themed drawings from children under 18 for display during the winter season, with winning entries featured in terminals to promote . These initiatives, supported by partnerships, aim to integrate cultural and local talent into the traveler experience, though displays are subject to space constraints from ongoing expansions.

Media and Cultural References

The Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport served as the central focus of the documentary miniseries , which premiered on the in fall 2020. Produced by Rare TV, the six-part initial season examined the airport's year-round operations amid subzero temperatures reaching -36°F and winds exceeding 100 mph, featuring staff managing cargo flights, de-icing procedures, and passenger disruptions. Subsequent seasons, extending through 2023, continued to depict real-time challenges such as record snowfall events threatening closures and the transport of specialized cargo like medical equipment to remote Alaskan villages. The series emphasized the airport's role as a critical hub for global cargo and in harsh conditions. No major feature films or scripted television productions have prominently featured the airport as a setting, though it has appeared in aviation-focused news segments and historical documentaries on Alaska's strategic importance during the era, when it functioned as a key refueling stopover between and .

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