Recent from talks
Nothing was collected or created yet.
Count Basie
View on Wikipedia
Key Information
William James "Count" Basie (/ˈbeɪsi/; August 21, 1904 – April 26, 1984)[1] was an American jazz pianist, organist, bandleader, and composer. In 1935, he formed the Count Basie Orchestra, and in 1936 took them to Chicago for a long engagement and their first recording. He led the group for almost 50 years, creating innovations like the use of two "split" tenor saxophones, emphasizing the rhythm section, riffing with a big band, using arrangers to broaden their sound, his minimalist piano style, and others.
Many musicians came to prominence under his direction, including the tenor saxophonists Lester Young and Herschel Evans, the guitarist Freddie Green, trumpeters Buck Clayton and Harry "Sweets" Edison, plunger trombonist Al Grey, and singers Jimmy Rushing, Helen Humes, Dennis Rowland, Thelma Carpenter, and Joe Williams.
As a composer, Basie is known for writing such jazz standards as "Blue and Sentimental", "Jumpin' at the Woodside" and "One O'Clock Jump".
Biography
[edit]Early life and education
[edit]William Basie was born to Lillian (Childs) and Harvey Lee Basie in Red Bank, New Jersey.[2] His father worked as a coachman and caretaker for a wealthy judge. After automobiles replaced horses, his father became a groundskeeper and handyman for several wealthy families in the area.[3] Both of his parents had some type of musical background. His father played the mellophone, and his mother played the piano; in fact, she gave Basie his first piano lessons. She took in laundry and baked cakes for sale for a living. She paid 25 cents a lesson for Count Basie's piano instruction.[4][5]
The best student in school, Basie dreamed of a traveling life, inspired by touring carnivals which came to town. He finished junior high school,[6] but spent much of his time at the Palace Theater in Red Bank, where doing occasional chores gained him free admission to performances. He quickly learned to improvise music appropriate to the acts and the silent movies.[7]
Though a natural at the piano, Basie preferred drums. Discouraged by the obvious talents of Sonny Greer, who also lived in Red Bank and became Duke Ellington's drummer in 1919, Basie switched to piano exclusively at age 15.[4] Greer and Basie played together in venues until Greer set out on his professional career. By then, Basie was playing with pickup groups for dances, resorts, and amateur shows, including Harry Richardson's "Kings of Syncopation".[8] When not playing a gig, he hung out at the local pool hall with other musicians, where he picked up on upcoming play dates and gossip. He got some jobs in Asbury Park at the Jersey Shore, and played at the Hong Kong Inn until a better player took his place.[9]
Early career
[edit]Around 1920, Basie went to Harlem, a hotbed of jazz, where he lived down the block from the Alhambra Theater. Early after his arrival, he bumped into Sonny Greer, who was by then the drummer for the Washingtonians, Duke Ellington's early band.[10] Soon, Basie met many of the Harlem musicians who were "making the scene", including Willie "the Lion" Smith and James P. Johnson. One of his earliest gigs in Harlem was working in the band at Broadway Jones's nightclub; a job he was given by banjo player Elmer Snowden who had temporarily taken over leadership of the group while Jones was performing elsewhere.[11]
Basie toured in several acts between 1925 and 1927, including Katie Krippen and Her Kiddies (featuring singer Katie Crippen) as part of the Hippity Hop show; on the Keith, the Columbia Burlesque, and the Theater Owners Booking Association (T.O.B.A.) vaudeville circuits; and as a soloist and accompanist to blues singer Gonzelle White as well as Crippen.[12][13] His touring took him to Kansas City, St. Louis, New Orleans, and Chicago. Throughout his tours, Basie met many jazz musicians, including Louis Armstrong.[14] Before he was 20 years old, he toured extensively on the Keith and TOBA vaudeville circuits as a solo pianist, accompanist, and music director for blues singers, dancers, and comedians. This provided an early training that was to prove significant in his later career.[15]
Back in Harlem in 1925, Basie gained his first steady job at Leroy's, a place known for its piano players and its "cutting contests". The place catered to "uptown celebrities", and typically the band winged every number without sheet music using "head arrangements".[16] He met Fats Waller, who was playing organ at the Lincoln Theater accompanying silent movies, and Waller taught him how to play that instrument. (Basie later played organ at the Eblon Theater in Kansas City).[1] As he did with Duke Ellington, Willie "the Lion" Smith helped Basie out during the lean times by arranging gigs at "house-rent parties", introducing him to other leading musicians, and teaching him some piano technique.[17]
In 1928, Basie was in Tulsa and heard Walter Page and his Famous Blue Devils, one of the first big bands, which featured Jimmy Rushing on vocals.[18] A few months later, he was invited to join the band, which played mostly in Texas and Oklahoma. It was at this time that he began to be known as "Count" Basie (see Jazz royalty).[19]
Kansas City years
[edit]The following year, in 1929, Basie became the pianist with the Bennie Moten band based in Kansas City, inspired by Moten's ambition to raise his band to match the level of those led by Duke Ellington or Fletcher Henderson.[20] Where the Blue Devils were "snappier" and more "bluesy", the Moten band was more refined and respected, playing in the "Kansas City stomp" style.[21] In addition to playing piano, Basie was co-arranger with Eddie Durham, who notated the music.[22] Their "Moten Swing", which Basie claimed credit for,[23] was an invaluable contribution to the development of swing music, and at one performance at the Pearl Theatre in Philadelphia in December 1932, the theatre opened its door to allow anybody in who wanted to hear the band perform.[24] During a stay in Chicago, Basie recorded with the band. He occasionally played four-hand piano and dual pianos with Moten, who also conducted.[25] The band improved with several personnel changes, including the addition of tenor saxophonist Ben Webster.
When the band voted Moten out, Basie took over for several months, calling the group Count Basie and his Cherry Blossoms. When his own band folded, he rejoined Moten with a newly re-organized band.[26] A year later, Basie joined Bennie Moten's band, and played with them until Moten died in 1935 from a failed tonsillectomy. The band tried to stay together but failed. Basie then formed his own nine-piece band, Barons of Rhythm, with many former Moten members including Walter Page (bass), Freddie Green (guitar), Jo Jones (drums), Lester Young (tenor saxophone) and Jimmy Rushing (vocals).
The Barons of Rhythm were regulars at the Reno Club and often performed for a live radio broadcast. During a broadcast the announcer wanted to give Basie's name some style, so he called him "Count". It positioned him with Earl Hines, as well as Duke Ellington.
Basie's new band played at the Reno Club and sometimes were broadcast on local radio. Late one night with time to fill, the band started improvising. Basie liked the results and named the piece "One O'Clock Jump".[27] According to Basie, "we hit it with the rhythm section and went into the riffs, and the riffs just stuck. We set the thing up front in D-flat, and then we just went on playing in F." It became his signature tune.[28]
John Hammond and first recordings
[edit]
At the end of 1936, Basie and his band, now billed as Count Basie and His Barons of Rhythm, moved from Kansas City to Chicago, where they honed their repertoire at a long engagement at the Grand Terrace Cafe.[29] Right from the start, Basie's band was known for its rhythm section. Another Basie innovation was the use of two tenor saxophone players; at the time, most bands had just one. When Young complained of Herschel Evans' vibrato, Basie placed them on either side of the alto players, and soon had the tenor players engaged in "duels". Many other bands later adapted the split tenor arrangement.[30]
In that city in October 1936, the band had a recording session which the producer John Hammond later described as "the only perfect, completely perfect recording session I've ever had anything to do with".[31] Hammond first heard Basie's band on the radio and went to Kansas City to check them out.[32] He invited them to record, in performances which were Lester Young's earliest recordings. Those four sides were released on Vocalion Records under the band name of Jones-Smith Incorporated; the sides were "Shoe Shine Boy", "Evening", "Boogie Woogie", and "Oh Lady Be Good". After Vocalion became a subsidiary of Columbia Records in 1938, "Boogie Woogie" was released in 1941 as part of a four-record compilation album entitled Boogie Woogie (Columbia album C44).[33] When he made the Vocalion recordings, Basie had already signed with Decca Records, but did not have his first recording session with them until January 1937.[34]
By then, Basie's sound was characterized by a "jumping" beat and the contrapuntal accents of his own piano. His personnel around 1937 included: Lester Young and Herschel Evans (tenor sax), Freddie Green (guitar), Jo Jones (drums), Walter Page (bass), Earle Warren (alto sax), Buck Clayton and Harry Edison (trumpet), Benny Morton and Dickie Wells (trombone).[35] Lester Young, known as "Prez" by the band, came up with nicknames for all the other band members. He called Basie "Holy Man", "Holy Main", and just plain "Holy".[36]
Basie favored blues, and he would showcase some of the most notable blues singers of the era after he went to New York: Billie Holiday, Jimmy Rushing, Big Joe Turner, Helen Humes, and Joe Williams. He also hired arrangers who knew how to maximize the band's abilities, such as Eddie Durham and Jimmy Mundy.
New York City and the swing years
[edit]When Basie took his orchestra to New York in 1937, they made the Woodside Hotel in Harlem their base (they often rehearsed in its basement).[37] Soon, they were booked at the Roseland Ballroom for the Christmas show. Basie recalled a review, which said something like, "We caught the great Count Basie band which is supposed to be so hot he was going to come in here and set the Roseland on fire. Well, the Roseland is still standing".[38] Compared to the reigning band of Fletcher Henderson, Basie's band lacked polish and presentation.[39]
The producer John Hammond continued to advise and encourage the band, and they soon came up with some adjustments, including softer playing, more solos, and more standards. They paced themselves to save their hottest numbers for later in the show, to give the audience a chance to warm up.[40] His first official recordings for Decca followed, under contract to agent MCA, including "Pennies from Heaven" and "Honeysuckle Rose".[41]
Hammond introduced Basie to Billie Holiday, whom he invited to sing with the band. (Holiday did not record with Basie, as she had her own record contract and preferred working with small combos).[42] The band's first appearance at the Apollo Theater followed, with the vocalists Holiday and Jimmy Rushing getting the most attention.[43] Durham returned to help with arranging and composing, but for the most part, the orchestra worked out its numbers in rehearsal, with Basie guiding the proceedings. There were often no musical notations made. Once the musicians found what they liked, they usually were able to repeat it using their "head arrangements" and collective memory.[44]
Next, Basie played at the Savoy, which was noted more for lindy-hopping, while the Roseland was a place for fox-trots and congas.[45] In early 1938, the Savoy was the meeting ground for a "battle of the bands" with Chick Webb's group. Basie had Holiday, and Webb countered with the singer Ella Fitzgerald. As Metronome magazine proclaimed, "Basie's Brilliant Band Conquers Chick's"; the article described the evening:
Throughout the fight, which never let down in its intensity during the whole fray, Chick took the aggressive, with the Count playing along easily and, on the whole, more musically scientifically. Undismayed by Chick's forceful drum beating, which sent the audience into shouts of encouragement and appreciation and casual beads of perspiration to drop from Chick's brow onto the brass cymbals, the Count maintained an attitude of poise and self-assurance. He constantly parried Chick's thundering haymakers with tantalizing runs and arpeggios which teased more and more force from his adversary.[46]
The publicity over the big band battle, before and after, gave the Basie band a boost and wider recognition. Soon after, Benny Goodman recorded their signature "One O'Clock Jump" with his band.[47]
A few months later, Holiday left for Artie Shaw's band. Hammond introduced Helen Humes, whom Basie hired; she stayed with Basie for four years.[48] When Eddie Durham left for Glenn Miller's orchestra, he was replaced by Dicky Wells. Basie's 14-man band began playing at the Famous Door, a mid-town nightspot with a CBS network feed and air conditioning, which Hammond was said to have bought the club in return for their booking Basie steadily throughout the summer of 1938. Their fame took a huge leap.[49] Adding to their play book, Basie received arrangements from Jimmy Mundy (who had also worked with Benny Goodman and Earl Hines), particularly for "Cherokee", "Easy Does It", and "Super Chief".[50] In 1939, Basie and his band made a major cross-country tour, including their first West Coast dates. A few months later, Basie quit MCA and signed with the William Morris Agency, who got them better fees.[51]
On February 19, 1940, Count Basie and his Orchestra opened a four-week engagement at Southland in Boston, and they broadcast over the radio on February 20.[52] On the West Coast, in 1942 the band did a spot in Reveille With Beverly, a musical film starring Ann Miller, and a "Command Performance" for Armed Forces Radio, with Hollywood stars Clark Gable, Bette Davis, Carmen Miranda, Jerry Colonna, and the singer Dinah Shore.[53] Other minor movie spots followed, including Choo Choo Swing, Crazy House, Top Man, Stage Door Canteen, and Hit Parade of 1943.[54] They also continued to record for OKeh Records and Columbia Records.[55] The war years caused a lot of members turn over, and the band worked many play dates with lower pay. Dance hall bookings were down sharply as swing began to fade, the effects of the musicians' strikes of 1942–44 and 1948 began to be felt, and the public's taste grew for singers.
Basie occasionally lost some key soloists. However, throughout the 1940s, he maintained a big band that possessed an infectious rhythmic beat, an enthusiastic team spirit, and a long list of inspired and talented jazz soloists.[56]
Los Angeles and the Cavalcade of Jazz concerts
[edit]Count Basie was the featured artist at the first Cavalcade of Jazz concert held at Wrigley Field on September 23, 1945, which was produced by Leon Hefflin Sr.[57] Al Jarvis was the Emcee and other artists to appear on stage were Joe Liggins and his Honeydrippers, The Peters Sisters, Slim and Bam, Valaida Snow, and Big Joe Turner.[58] They played to a crowd of 15,000. Count Basie and his Orchestra played at the tenth Cavalcade of Jazz concert also at Wrigley Field on June 20, 1954. He played along with The Flairs, Christine Kittrell, Lamp Lighters, Louis Jordan and His Tympany Five, Ruth Brown, and Perez Prado and his Orchestra.[59]
Post-war and later years
[edit]
The big band era appeared to have ended after the war, and Basie disbanded the group. For a while, he performed in combos, sometimes stretched to an orchestra. In 1950, he headlined the Universal-International short film "Sugar Chile" Robinson, Billie Holiday, Count Basie and His Sextet. He reformed his group as a 16-piece orchestra in 1952. This group was eventually called the New Testament band. Basie credited Billy Eckstine, a top male vocalist of the time, for prompting his return to Big Band. He said that Norman Granz got them into the Birdland club and promoted the new band through recordings on the Mercury, Clef, and Verve labels.[60] By 1956, Basie's recordings were also showcased by Ben Selvin within the RCA Thesaurus transcription library.[61] The jukebox era had begun, and Basie shared the exposure along with early rock'n'roll and rhythm and blues artists. Basie's new band was more of an ensemble group, with fewer solo turns, and relying less on "head" and more on written arrangements.
Basie added touches of bebop "so long as it made sense", and he required that "it all had to have feeling". Basie's band was sharing Birdland with such bebop musicians as Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, and Miles Davis. Behind the occasional bebop solos, he always kept his strict rhythmic pulse, "so it doesn't matter what they do up front; the audience gets the beat".[62] Basie also added flute to some numbers, a novelty at the time that became widely copied.[63] Soon, his band was touring and recording again. The new band included: Paul Campbell, Tommy Turrentine, Johnny Letman, Idrees Sulieman, and Joe Newman (trumpet); Jimmy Wilkins, Benny Powell, Matthew Gee (trombone); Paul Quinichette and Floyd "Candy" Johnson (tenor sax); Frank Wess (tenor sax and flute); Marshal Royal and Ernie Wilkins (alto sax); and Charlie Fowlkes (baritone sax).[64] DownBeat magazine reported: "(Basie) has managed to assemble an ensemble that can thrill both the listener who remembers 1938 and the youngster who has never before heard a big band like this."[65] In 1957, Basie sued the jazz venue Ball and Chain in Miami over outstanding fees, causing the closure of the venue.[66]
In 1958, the band made its first European tour. Jazz was especially appreciated in France, The Netherlands, and Germany in the 1950s; these countries were the stomping grounds for many expatriate American jazz stars who were either resurrecting their careers or sitting out the years of racial divide in the United States. Neal Hefti began to provide arrangements, including "Li'l Darlin'". By the mid-1950s, Basie's band had become one of the preeminent backing big bands for some of the most prominent jazz vocalists of the time. They also toured with the "Birdland Stars of 1955", whose lineup included Sarah Vaughan, Erroll Garner, Lester Young, George Shearing, and Stan Getz.[67]
In 1957, Basie released the live album Count Basie at Newport. "April in Paris" (arrangement by Wild Bill Davis) was a best-selling instrumental and the title song for the hit album.[68] The Basie band made two tours in the British Isles and on the second, they put on a command performance for Queen Elizabeth II, along with Judy Garland, Vera Lynn, and Mario Lanza.[69] He was a guest on ABC's The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom, a venue also opened to several other black entertainers. In 1959, Basie's band recorded a "greatest hits" double album The Count Basie Story (Frank Foster, arranger), and Basie/Eckstine Incorporated, an album featuring Billy Eckstine, Quincy Jones (as arranger) and the Count Basie Orchestra. It was released by Roulette Records, then later reissued by Capitol Records.
Later that year, Basie appeared on a television special with Fred Astaire, featuring a dance solo to "Sweet Georgia Brown", followed in January 1961 by Basie performing at one of the five John F. Kennedy Inaugural Balls.[70] That summer, Basie and Duke Ellington combined forces for the recording First Time! The Count Meets the Duke, each providing four numbers from their play books.[71]

During the balance of the 1960s, the band kept active with tours, recordings, television appearances, festivals, Las Vegas shows, and travel abroad, including cruises. Some time around 1964, Basie adopted his trademark yachting cap.[72]
Through steady changes in personnel, Basie led the band into the 1980s. Basie made a few more movie appearances, such as in the Jerry Lewis film Cinderfella (1960) and the Mel Brooks movie Blazing Saddles (1974), playing a revised arrangement of "April in Paris". In 1982 Basie and his orchestra were the featured entertainment for the 50th Anniversary celebrations of the Pittsburgh Steelers at the David L. Lawrence Convention Center.[73]
Basie was a Prince Hall Freemason as a member of Wisdom Lodge No. 102 in Chicago as well as a Shriner.[74]
Marriage, family and death
[edit]
Basie was a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity. On July 21, 1930, Basie married Vivian Lee Winn, in Kansas City, Missouri. They were divorced sometime before 1935. Some time in or before 1935, the now single Basie returned to New York City, renting a house at 111 West 138th Street, Manhattan, as evidenced by the 1940 census. He married Catherine Morgan on July 13, 1940, in the King County courthouse in Seattle, Washington. In 1942, they moved to Queens. Their only child, Diane, was born February 6, 1944. She was born with cerebral palsy and the doctors claimed she would never walk. The couple kept her and cared deeply for her, and especially through her mother's tutelage, Diane learned not only to walk but to swim.[75] The Basies bought a home in the new whites-only neighborhood of Addisleigh Park in 1946 on Adelaide Road and 175th Street, St. Albans, Queens.[76] They moved to Freeport in the Bahamas in the 1970s.[77] His wife Catherine Basie died of heart disease at the couple's home in Freeport on April 11,[citation needed] 1983.[77] She was 69 years old.[78]
A year later, Count Basie died of pancreatic cancer in Hollywood, Florida, on April 26, 1984, at the age of 79.[1] His funeral was attended by Dizzy Gillespie and Quincy Jones among others.[79] His daughter, Diane Basie, died four decades later, on October 15, 2022, of a heart attack.[80]
Singers
[edit]Basie hitched his star to some of the most famous vocalists of the 1950s and 1960s, which helped keep the Big Band sound alive and added greatly to his recording catalog. Jimmy Rushing sang with Basie in the late 1930s. Joe Williams toured with the band and was featured on the 1957 album One O'Clock Jump, and 1956's Count Basie Swings, Joe Williams Sings, with "Every Day (I Have the Blues)" becoming a huge hit. With Billy Eckstine on the album Basie/Eckstine Incorporated, in 1959. Ella Fitzgerald made some memorable recordings with Basie, including the 1963 album Ella and Basie!. With the New Testament Basie band in full swing, and arrangements written by a youthful Quincy Jones, this album proved a swinging respite from her Songbook recordings and constant touring she did during this period. She even toured with the Basie Orchestra in the mid-1970s, and Fitzgerald and Basie also met on the 1979 albums A Classy Pair, Digital III at Montreux, and A Perfect Match, the last two also recorded live at Montreux. In addition to Quincy Jones, Basie was using arrangers such as Benny Carter (Kansas City Suite), Neal Hefti (The Atomic Mr Basie), and Sammy Nestico (Basie-Straight Ahead).
Frank Sinatra recorded for the first time with Basie on 1962's Sinatra-Basie and for a second studio album on 1964's It Might as Well Be Swing, which was arranged by Quincy Jones. Jones also arranged and conducted 1966's live Sinatra at the Sands which featured Sinatra with Count Basie and his orchestra stayed at the Sands Hotel in Las Vegas at Sinatra's request. In May 1970, Sinatra performed in London's Royal Festival Hall with the Basie orchestra, in a charity benefit for the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. Sinatra later said of this concert "I have a funny feeling that those two nights could have been my finest hour, really. It went so well; it was so thrilling and exciting".[81]
Basie also recorded with Tony Bennett in the late 1950s. Their albums together included In Person and Strike Up the Band. Basie also toured with Bennett, including a date at Carnegie Hall. He also recorded with Sammy Davis Jr., Bing Crosby, and Sarah Vaughan. One of Basie's biggest regrets was never recording with Louis Armstrong, though they shared the same bill several times.[82] In 1968, Basie and his Band recorded an album with Jackie Wilson titled Manufacturers of Soul.[83]
Legacy and honors
[edit]
Count Basie introduced several generations of listeners to the Big Band sound and left an influential catalog. Basie is remembered by many who worked for him as being considerate of musicians and their opinions, modest, relaxed, fun-loving, dryly witty, and always enthusiastic about his music.[84] In his autobiography, he wrote, "I think the band can really swing when it swings easy, when it can just play along like you are cutting butter."[85]
- In Red Bank, New Jersey, the Count Basie Theatre, a property on Monmouth Street redeveloped for live performances, and Count Basie Field were named in his honor.
- Received an honorary doctorate from Berklee College of Music in 1974.[86]
- Mechanic Street, where he grew up with his family, has the honorary title of Count Basie Way.
- In 2009, Edgecombe Avenue and 160th Street in Washington Heights, Manhattan, were renamed as Paul Robeson Boulevard and Count Basie Place. The corner is the location of 555 Edgecombe Avenue, also known as the Paul Robeson Home, a National Historic Landmark where Count Basie had also lived.
- In 2010, Basie was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame.
- In October 2013, version 3.7 of WordPress was code-named Count Basie.[87]
- In 2019, Basie was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame.
- Asteroid 35394 Countbasie, discovered by astronomers at Caussols in 1997, was named after him.[88] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on November 8, 2019 (M.P.C. 118220).[89]
- 6508 Hollywood Blvd in Hollywood, California is the location of Count Basie's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Representation in other media
[edit]- Jerry Lewis used "Blues in Hoss' Flat" from Basie's Chairman of the Board album, as the basis for his own "Chairman of the Board" routine in the movie The Errand Boy.
- "Blues in Hoss' Flat," composed by Basie band member Frank Foster, was used by the radio DJ Al "Jazzbeaux" Collins as his theme song in San Francisco and New York.
- In Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992), Brenda Fricker's "Pigeon Lady" character claims to have heard Basie in Carnegie Hall.
- Drummer Neil Peart of the Canadian rock band Rush recorded a version of "One O'Clock Jump" with the Buddy Rich Big Band, and has used it at the end of his drum solos on the 2002 Vapor Trails Tour and Rush's 30th Anniversary Tour.
- Since 1963 "The Kid From Red Bank" has been the theme and signature music for the most popular Norwegian radio show, Reiseradioen, aired at NRK P1 every day during the summer.
- In the 2016 movie The Matchbreaker, Emily Atkins (Christina Grimmie) recounts the story of how Count Basie met his wife three times without speaking to her, telling her he would marry her some day in their first conversation, and then marrying her seven years later.
- The post-hardcore band Dance Gavin Dance have a song titled "Count Bassy" that is included on their 2018 album Artificial Selection.
- In his novel This Storm, James Ellroy makes Basie a character who is blackmailed by corrupt Los Angeles police to play a New Year's Eve concert in exchange for ignoring a marijuana charge.
Discography
[edit]Count Basie made most of his albums with his big band. See the Count Basie Orchestra Discography.
From 1929 to 1932, Basie was part of Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra:
- Count Basie in Kansas City: Bennie Moten's Great Band of 1930-1932 (RCA Victor, 1965)
- Basie Beginnings: Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra (1929–1932) (Bluebird/RCA, 1989)
- The Swinging Count!, (Clef, 1952)
- Count Basie Presents Eddie Davis Trio + Joe Newman (Roulette, 1958)
- The Atomic Mr. Basie (Roulette, 1958)
- Memories Ad-Lib with Joe Williams (Roulette, 1958)
- Basie/Eckstine Incorporated with Billy Eckstine ( Roulette 1959)
- String Along with Basie (Roulette, 1960)
- Count Basie and the Kansas City 7 (Impulse!, 1962)
- Basie Swingin' Voices Singin' with the Alan Copeland Singers (ABC-Paramount, 1966)
- Basie Meets Bond (United Artists, 1966)
- Basie's Beatle Bag (Verve, 1966)
- Basie on the Beatles (Happy Tiger, 1970)
- Loose Walk with Roy Eldridge (Pablo, 1972)
- Basie Jam (Pablo, 1973)
- The Bosses with Big Joe Turner (1973)
- For the First Time (Pablo, 1974)
- Satch and Josh with Oscar Peterson (Pablo, 1974)
- Basie & Zoot with Zoot Sims (Pablo, 1975)
- Count Basie Jam Session at the Montreux Jazz Festival 1975 (Pablo, 1975)
- For the Second Time (Pablo, 1975)
- Basie Jam 2 (Pablo, 1976)
- Basie Jam 3 (Pablo, 1976)
- Kansas City 5 (Pablo, 1977)
- The Gifted Ones with Dizzy Gillespie (Pablo, 1977)
- Montreux '77 (Pablo, 1977)
- Basie Jam: Montreux '77 (Pablo, 1977)
- Satch and Josh...Again with Oscar Peterson (Pablo, 1977)
- Night Rider with Oscar Peterson (Pablo, 1978)
- Count Basie Meets Oscar Peterson – The Timekeepers (Pablo, 1978)
- Yessir, That's My Baby with Oscar Peterson (Pablo, 1978)
- Kansas City 8: Get Together (Pablo, 1979)
- Kansas City 7 (Pablo, 1980)
- On the Road (Pablo, 1980)
- Kansas City 6 (Pablo, 1981)
- Mostly Blues...and Some Others (Pablo, 1983)
- 88 Basie Street (Pablo, 1983)
As sideman
[edit]With Eddie Lockjaw Davis
- Count Basie Presents Eddie Davis Trio + Joe Newman (Roulette, 1957)
With Harry Edison
- Edison's Lights (Pablo, 1976)
With Benny Goodman
- The Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert (Columbia, 1939)
- Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian (Columbia, 1939)
With Jo Jones
- Jo Jones Special (Vanguard, 1955)
With Joe Newman
- Joe Newman and the Boys in the Band (Storyville, 1954)
With Paul Quinichette
- The Vice Pres (Verve, 1952)
With Lester Young
- The Complete Savoy Recordings (Savoy, 1944)
Filmography
[edit]- Policy Man (1938)[90]
- Hit Parade of 1943 (1943) – as himself
- Top Man (1943) – as himself
- Sugar Chile Robinson, Billie Holiday, Count Basie and His Sextet (1950) – as himself
- Jamboree (1957)
- Cinderfella (1960) – as himself
- Sex and the Single Girl (1964) – as himself with his orchestra
- Blazing Saddles (1974) – as himself with his orchestra
- Last of the Blue Devils (1979) – interview and concert by the orchestra in documentary on Kansas City music
Awards
[edit]Grammy Awards
[edit]In 1958, Basie became the first African-American to win a Grammy Award.[91]
| Count Basie Grammy Award history[92] | ||||
| Year | Category | Title | Genre | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1984 | Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Big Band | 88 Basie Street | Jazz | Winner |
| 1982 | Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Big Band | Warm Breeze | Jazz | Winner |
| 1980 | Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Big Band | On The Road | Jazz | Winner |
| 1977 | Best Jazz Performance by a Big Band | Prime Time | Jazz | Winner |
| 1976 | Best Jazz Performance by a Soloist (Instrumental) | Basie And Zoot | Jazz | Winner |
| 1963 | Best Performance by an Orchestra – For Dancing | This Time By Basie! Hits of the 50's And 60's | Pop | Winner |
| 1960 | Best Performance by a Band For Dancing | Dance With Basie | Pop | Winner |
| 1958 | Best Performance by a Dance Band | Basie (The Atomic Mr. Basie) | Pop | Winner |
| 1958 | Best Jazz Performance, Group | Basie (The Atomic Mr. Basie) | Jazz | Winner |
Grammy Hall of Fame
[edit]By 2011, four recordings of Count Basie had been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings that are at least 25 years old, and that have "qualitative or historical significance."
| Count Basie Grammy Hall of Fame Awards[93] | ||||
| Year recorded | Title | genre | Label | Year inducted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1939 | Lester Leaps In | Jazz (Single) | Vocalion | 2005 |
| 1955 | Everyday (I Have the Blues) | Jazz (Single) | Clef | 1992 |
| 1955 | April in Paris | Jazz (Single) | Clef | 1985 |
| 1937 | One O'Clock Jump | Jazz (Single) | Decca | 1979 |
Honors and inductions
[edit]On May 23, 1985, William "Count" Basie was presented, posthumously, with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Ronald Reagan. The award was received by Aaron Woodward.
On September 11, 1996, the U.S. Post Office issued a Count Basie 32 cents postage stamp. Basie is a part of the Big Band Leaders issue, which, is in turn, part of the Legends of American Music series.
In 2009, Basie was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame.[94]
In May 2019, Basie was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame at a ceremony in Memphis, TN, presented by The Blues Foundation.
| Count Basie award history | ||||
| Year | Category | Result | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Blues Hall of Fame | Inducted | ||
| 2007 | Long Island Music Hall of Fame | Inducted | ||
| 2005 | Nesuhi Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame | Inducted | ||
| 2002 | Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award | Winner | ||
| 1983 | NEA Jazz Masters | Winner | ||
| 1981 | Grammy Trustees Award | Winner | ||
| 1981 | Kennedy Center Honors | Honoree | ||
| 1982 | Hollywood Walk of Fame | Honoree | at 6508 Hollywood Blvd. | |
| 1970 | Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia | Initiated | Mu Nu Chapter | |
| 1958 | Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame | Inducted | ||
National Recording Registry
[edit]In 2005, Count Basie's song "One O'Clock Jump" (1937) was included by the National Recording Preservation Board in the Library of Congress National Recording Registry.[95] The board selects songs in an annual basis that are "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Wilson, John S. (April 27, 1984). "Count Basie, 79, Band Leader And Master of Swing, Dead". The New York Times. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
- ^ Basie, Count (2000). Good Morning Blues: The Autobiography of Count Basie. Paladin Grafton Books. p. 25. ISBN 0-586-08638-2.
- ^ Basie, Count (1985). Good Morning Blues, p. 26.
- ^ a b Basie (1985), p. 33.
- ^ Count Basie and his Friends, myspace.com.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 29.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 32.
- ^ Basie (1985), pp. 33–34, plate 3.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 41.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 51.
- ^ Dance, Stanley (2001). The World of Swing. Da Capo Press. pp. 53–54. ISBN 0306810166.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 55.
- ^ Robinson, J. Bradford (2002). "Count Basie". In Kernfeld, Barry (ed.). The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). London: MacMillan. p. 155.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 96.
- ^ "JAZZ A film by Ken Burns – PBS". Pbs.org. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 68.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 77.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 6.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 20.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 116.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 120.
- ^ Count Basie, 1985, plate 10.
- ^ Basie, Count (2002). Good Morning Blues: The Autobiography of Count Basie. Da Capo Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-306-81107-4.
- ^ Daniels, Douglas Henry (January 2006). One O'clock Jump: The Unforgettable History of the Oklahoma City Blue Devils. Beacon Press. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-8070-7136-6.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 122.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 146.
- ^ Dance, 1980, p. 67.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 162.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 171.
- ^ Stanley Dance, The World of Count Basie, Da Capo, New York, 1980, ISBN 0-306-80245-7, p. 68.
- ^ 1981 interview cited in "The Lester Young Story" (Properbox 16), pp. 14–15.
- ^ Count Basie, 1985, p. 165.
- ^ "Various – Boogie Woogie". Discogs. Retrieved December 13, 2015.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 181.
- ^ Leonard Feather, The Encyclopedia of Jazz, Bonanza Books, 1960, p. 112.
- ^ Dance, 1980, p. 104.
- ^ Nicholson, Stuart (2004). Ella Fitzgerald: A Biography of the First Lady of Jazz, Updated Edition. London: Routledge. pp. 50–51. ISBN 9781136788130. OCLC 884745086.
Toward the end of 1937, Ella moved again, this time to the Woodside Hotel at 2424 Seventh Avenue at 142nd Street, to be close to Jo Jones, the drummer from the Count Basie band. The band had recently hit town and was playing the Roseland Ballroom, and most of its members were staying at the Woodside...
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 184.
- ^ Dance, 1980, p. 107.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 188.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 186.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 200.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 190.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 199.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 202.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 208.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 207.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 211.
- ^ Basie (1985), pp. 217–218.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 229.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 247.
- ^ Vail, Ken (January 1, 2003). Count Basie: Swingin' the Blues, 1936-1950. Scarecrow Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-8108-4882-5.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 260.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 262.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 274.
- ^ Parker, Jeff. "THE BIOGRAPHY OF COUNT BASIE". Swingmusic.net. Archived from the original on April 17, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
- ^ Cox, Bette Yarbrough. (1996). Central Avenue--its rise and fall, 1890-c. 1955 : including the musical renaissance of Black Los Angeles. Los Angeles: BEEM Publications. ISBN 0965078302. OCLC 35673638.
- ^ "Big Name Bands, Singers in 'Cavalcade of Music' Sept. 23", The California Eagle, September 13, 1945.
- ^ "Basie, Jordan, Prado Top Jazz Cavalcade". Los Angeles Sentinel. June 3, 1954.
- ^ Basie (1985), pp. 289–290.
- ^ The Billboard Music-Radio - "Thesaurus in Pact for Granz Transcriptions" 18 August 1956 p. 39 Ben Selvin RCA Thesaurus on Google Books.com
- ^ Dance, 1980, p. 5.
- ^ Basie (1985), pp. 281, 304.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 293.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 299.
- ^ LaFaro-Fernandez, Helene (January 1, 2009). Jade Visions: The Life and Music of Scott LaFaro. University of North Texas Press. ISBN 9781574412734. Retrieved May 2, 2017 – via Google Books.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 315.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 318.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 323.
- ^ Basie (1985), pp. 335, 337.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 339.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 353.
- ^ "The Pittsburgh Press - Google News Archive Search".
- ^ "Famous Freemasons (A – Z) – Freemasons Community". freemasonscommunity.life. Retrieved May 19, 2023.
- ^ "Count Basie: Through his own eyes". IMDb. Eagle Rock Productions. September 11, 2020.
- ^ Greene, Bryan (January–March 2017). "This Green and Pleasant Land". Poverty and Race. Vol. 26, no. 1. Poverty and Race Research Action Council. p. 3.
- ^ a b Noel, Pamela (January 1984). "Count Basie's Quiet Retreat in the Bahamas". Ebony Magazine. Photographs by Moneta Sleet Jr. Johnson Publishing Company. pp. 48–52. Retrieved July 11, 2025 – via Google Books.
his wife Catherine... died in April.... The family moved from their home in St. Alban's NY to Freeport in the early 1970s.
- ^ Green, Alfred (August 6, 2015). Rhythm Is My Beat: Jazz Guitar Great Freddie Green and the Count Basie Sound. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781442242470 – via Google Books.
- ^ "JAZZ WORLD BIDS FAREWELL TO BASIE IN HARLEM". New York Times. May 1, 1984.
- ^ "10/25/2022 [obituary]". The Legendary Count Basie Orchestra. October 25, 2022. Retrieved July 10, 2023.
- ^ Pignon, Charles (2004). The Sinatra Treasures, Virgin Books, ISBN 1-85227-184-1
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 362.
- ^ "Jackie Wilson & Count Basie – Manufacturers Of Soul at Discogs". Discogs.com. 1968. Retrieved February 19, 2013.
- ^ Dance, 1980, pp. 7–8.
- ^ Basie (1985), p. 370.
- ^ "Horacio "El Negro" Hernandez To Be Awarded Honorary Doctor of Music Degree From Berklee College of Music". Businesswire.com (Press release). Retrieved January 26, 2018.
- ^ "WordPress 3.7 "Basie"". WordPress.org. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
- ^ "(35394) Countbasie". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
- ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
- ^ Koszarski, Richard (2008). Hollywood on the Hudson: Film and Television in New York from Griffith to Sarnoff. Rutgers University Press. p. 376. ISBN 978-0-8135-4293-5.
- ^ "Biography - Count Basie". Rutgers University. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
- ^ "Grammy Award search engine". Archived from the original on November 10, 2010.
- ^ "Grammy Hall of Fame Database". Grammy.org. Archived from the original on January 22, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
- ^ Lisa Fleisher (December 3, 2009). "Count Basie, Jack Nicholson, Les Paul make New Jersey Hall of Fame". The Newark Star Ledger. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
- ^ "2005 National Recording Registry choices". Loc.gov. May 13, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
External links
[edit]- Count Basie at Find a Grave
- The Count Basie Orchestra official website
- Count Basie discography at iMusic.am
- International Jose Guillermo Carrillo Foundation
- Basie biography at swingmusic.net Archived April 17, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
- BBC Profile of Count Basie
- Downbeat Magazine
- U.S. Postal Service Biography
- Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom – May 23, 1985 Archived April 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- Basie biography and album list
- Image of Wayne King, Count Basie, Duke Ellington and Bill Elliot at Big Band Festival at Disneyland, Anaheim, 1964. Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles.
- Count Basie recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.
- Count Basie at IMDb
Count Basie
View on GrokipediaBiography
Early life
William James Basie, later known as Count Basie, was born on August 21, 1904, in Red Bank, New Jersey, to Harvey Lee Basie and Lillian Childs Basie.[1] His father worked as a coachman and groundskeeper for a local judge, while his mother was a laundress who took in washing and ironing to support the family.[1] Both parents were amateur musicians, with his father playing the mellophone in local groups and his mother proficient on piano, creating a nurturing musical environment at home.[8] The Basie family owned a piano, and young William received his initial piano lessons from his mother, who charged him 25 cents per session to encourage seriousness and discipline.[1] He quickly demonstrated a remarkable ear for music, enabling him to memorize and reproduce any melody he heard after just one listen.[1] Largely self-taught beyond these basics, by age 16 Basie honed his skills through immersion in Red Bank's vibrant local music scene and by listening to early phonograph recordings of Harlem stride pianists like James P. Johnson and Fats Waller.[4] During his teenage years, Basie took on various odd jobs to contribute to the household, including delivering newspapers and serving as a lighting technician for traveling vaudeville troupes that passed through Red Bank, an experience that ignited his fascination with live performance.[2] He also began providing improvised piano accompaniment for silent films at the town's Palace Theater, further sharpening his improvisational abilities.[1] Around 1921, at age 17, Basie made his first public performance playing piano in a Red Bank theater, marking the start of his visible emergence in local music circles.[1]Early career
Around 1923, at the age of 18, Basie left his hometown of Red Bank, New Jersey, to pursue professional opportunities on the vaudeville circuit, where he worked as a pianist and accompanist for various performers.[1] His early tours included accompanying blues singer Gonzelle White and the comedy duo of Joe and Clorindy, providing him with experience in diverse musical settings across the United States.[1] In addition to vaudeville, Basie found steady work playing piano in silent movie theaters in New Jersey and New York, where he improvised scores to match the emotional tone of the films, honing his skills in spontaneous musical adaptation.[1] By the mid-1920s, he had relocated to Harlem, immersing himself in the vibrant New York jazz scene and occasionally substituting for established stride pianists like Willie "the Lion" Smith at local clubs such as Leroy's and the Black Cat.[1] Basie's path led him westward in 1928 when he joined Walter Page's Blue Devils in Kansas City, Missouri, serving as the band's pianist and arranger after being stranded there during a vaudeville tour.[1] The following year, in November 1929, the Blue Devils made their only recording session for Vocalion Records, capturing tracks like "Blue Devil Blues" and "Squabblin'," which exemplified the emerging Kansas City jazz style through its blues-inflected riffs, tight ensemble playing, and propulsive rhythm section.[10][11]Kansas City years
In 1929, after the dissolution of Walter Page's Blue Devils, Count Basie joined Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra as the pianist and co-arranger, bringing with him a fresh approach to the ensemble's sound.[12] Moten's band, already a leading force in the territory jazz scene, benefited from Basie's contributions, which included recruiting additional talent like vocalist Jimmy Rushing and trombonist Eddie Durham.[13] Basie's role allowed him to influence the group's arrangements, helping to solidify its position as a powerhouse in Kansas City's vibrant jazz ecosystem.[1] During his tenure with Moten from 1929 to 1935, Basie introduced key innovations such as "head arrangements," where musicians collectively composed and memorized ensemble parts without relying on written scores, fostering a more spontaneous and flexible style.[14] He also emphasized riff-based playing, utilizing short, repeating melodic phrases that drove the band's rhythmic energy and became hallmarks of the Kansas City jazz aesthetic.[15] These techniques, often developed collaboratively with bandmates like Durham, shifted Moten's orchestra toward a looser, more improvisational swing that distinguished it from more rigidly notated East Coast ensembles.[14] Bennie Moten's sudden death on April 2, 1935, from complications following a tonsillectomy, left the band in disarray, prompting Basie to assume leadership and form his own group from the remnants of Moten's orchestra.[13] This new ensemble, initially a nine-piece unit known as the Barons of Rhythm, expanded to around 13 members as more former Moten sidemen joined, including saxophonists Buster Smith and later Lester Young.[1] Securing a residency at Kansas City's Reno Club starting in late 1935, the band gained local prominence through regular half-hour radio broadcasts on the experimental station W9XBY, six nights a week, which showcased their emerging "jump" rhythm—a propulsive, blues-inflected style characterized by infectious grooves and ensemble interplay.[16] Central to the band's identity during these years was its core rhythm section, comprising Basie on piano, guitarist Freddie Green, bassist Walter Page, and drummer Jo Jones, all of whom had roots in the Blue Devils and Moten outfits.[17] Green's subtle, four-to-the-bar chordal strumming provided unwavering pulse; Page's walking bass lines anchored the swing; and Jones's light, hi-hat-dominated drumming added buoyant propulsion, creating an interlocking foundation that epitomized Kansas City rhythm and propelled the horns' riffs.[17] This "All-American Rhythm Section," as it came to be known, formed the bedrock of Basie's sound and remained intact for years, enabling the band's loose yet precise performances at the Reno Club.[18]Breakthrough recordings
In 1936, record producer and talent scout John Hammond heard Count Basie's Barons of Rhythm broadcasting live from the Reno Club in Kansas City over his car radio while driving through the Midwest, instantly recognizing the band's innovative swing style rooted in the city's jazz scene.[19] Impressed by the performance, Hammond traveled to Kansas City, met Basie, and began promoting the band in his columns for magazines like DownBeat and Melody Maker, which helped secure their move eastward.[1] Hammond arranged for the band's relocation to Chicago in late 1936, but before their full contract could be finalized with Brunswick Records—Hammond's preferred label—Decca Records executive Dave Kapp preemptively signed Basie and his nine-piece ensemble to an exclusive deal in November 1936.[20] To circumvent the Decca contract for an immediate recording opportunity, Hammond produced a one-off session in Chicago on November 9, 1936, under the pseudonym Jones-Smith Incorporated, featuring Basie on piano, Lester Young on tenor saxophone, trumpeter Carl "Teddy" Smith, bassist Walter Page, and drummer Jo Jones from the Kansas City rhythm section.[21] This Vocalion session yielded four tracks, including the blues standard "Shoe Shine Boy" and George Gershwin's "Lady Be Good," which showcased Young's light, flowing tenor style and the group's loose, riff-based interplay, marking Basie's first sides as a leader.[22] The full band's recording debut came in January 1937 with Decca in New York, expanding to a 13-piece orchestra that included tenor saxophonist Herschel Evans alongside Young for a distinctive two-tenor sound, as well as additions like trumpeter Buck Clayton and trombonist Eddie Durham.[23] Their first release, "Pennies from Heaven," was soon followed by the instrumental "One O'Clock Jump" in July 1937, an original riff composition by Basie that became the band's signature theme and a swing-era staple, propelled by its driving rhythm and solos from Young and Clayton.[24] Hammond further boosted Basie's profile by formalizing the "Count" nickname in his publicity efforts, drawing from a Kansas City radio announcer's regal styling of Basie's name during broadcasts to distinguish him amid the band's growing fame.[1] As the group toured from Chicago to New York engagements like the Roseland Ballroom in December 1936, they faced lineup challenges, with some original Kansas City members departing en route and necessitating substitutions to fill the expanded roster, testing the band's cohesion amid financial strains and unfamiliar venues.[25]Swing era achievements
In 1936, Count Basie relocated his orchestra from the Midwest to New York City, a pivotal move facilitated by producer John Hammond that positioned the band at the epicenter of the burgeoning swing scene.[25] The ensemble debuted in the city with a high-profile engagement at the Roseland Ballroom in December 1936, sharing the bill with Woody Herman's band and marking their entry into the competitive New York jazz circuit.[25] By mid-1938, the orchestra had secured a residency at the Famous Door on 52nd Street, a venue that became synonymous with the band's rising popularity and extended run through early 1939, drawing crowds eager for their propulsive, riff-based swing.[25] These performances solidified Basie's reputation as a leading figure in the swing boom, blending Kansas City rhythms with the sophisticated energy of urban nightlife. The band's recordings during this period captured their signature riff-driven big band sound, characterized by interlocking horn sections and a light, buoyant groove that epitomized swing's danceable vitality. "Jumpin' at the Woodside," recorded in August 1938, became a cornerstone hit, reaching number 11 on the Billboard charts in December 1938 and number 15 on Your Hit Parade for the year, its infectious head arrangement showcasing the orchestra's tight ensemble work.[26] Similarly, "Jive at Five," cut in February 1939 and arranged by trumpeter Harry "Sweets" Edison, highlighted the band's blues-inflected riffs and became another enduring staple of their repertoire.[27] Basie's piano contributions further defined this style through his economical comping—sparse, punctuating chords that provided rhythmic propulsion without overwhelming the soloists, a technique that influenced generations of jazz pianists.[28] Standout solos from key personnel amplified the orchestra's innovative edge, with tenor saxophonist Lester Young's fluid, light-toned improvisations emerging as a hallmark. Young's feature on "Lester Leaps In," a head arrangement recorded by the Basie-led Kansas City Seven in September 1939, exemplified his airy phrasing and melodic invention, contrasting the era's denser swing styles.[29] This track, along with others, underscored the band's collaborative spirit, where Basie's understated piano laid a foundation for such expressive moments. The orchestra's prestige peaked with their participation in Benny Goodman's landmark January 16, 1938, concert at Carnegie Hall, the first major jazz event at the venue and a milestone that elevated swing's cultural standing.[30] Basie joined a jam session on "Honeysuckle Rose," delivering three choruses on piano, while his rhythm section—featuring Freddie Green on guitar, Walter Page on bass, and Gene Krupa on drums—performed as the "All-American Rhythm Section," marking Basie's Carnegie debut and affirming the band's elite status amid the swing era's height.[30] Amid these triumphs, the Basie orchestra navigated the economic turbulence of the Great Depression, which persisted into the late 1930s and strained big bands through declining record sales—from 104 million units in 1927 to just 10 million by 1930—and reduced venue revenues as audiences tightened budgets.[31] The band's finances fluctuated with inconsistent bookings and the high costs of maintaining a large ensemble, yet their hit recordings and live appeal provided stability during this challenging period.World War II and postwar transitions
In 1943, Count Basie relocated his orchestra to Los Angeles to pursue opportunities in film, including a prominent appearance in the musical Reveille with Beverly, where the band performed alongside acts like Duke Ellington and Frank Sinatra.[32] This move capitalized on the wartime demand for morale-boosting entertainment in Hollywood, building on the band's swing era hits that had established Basie's national popularity.[33] The relocation also positioned the orchestra for key West Coast engagements, such as the inaugural Cavalcade of Jazz concert series produced by Leon Hefflin Sr. at Wrigley Field in 1945, where Basie headlined with Big Joe Turner before crowds exceeding 20,000.[34] During World War II, Basie received draft exemptions as a bandleader contributing to troop morale through broadcasts and performances, but his orchestra suffered significant personnel losses to military service, including key players like trumpeter Buck Clayton in late 1943 and saxophonist Lester Young in 1944.[33][35] These departures forced frequent lineup changes and strained operations, though the band continued touring and recording, adapting to a shrinking pool of available musicians amid the war effort.[36] The Cavalcade of Jazz events provided vital platforms for Basie in the immediate postwar years, with the 1945 concert fostering collaborations in Los Angeles' vibrant jazz scene; subsequent 1946 installments at the Shrine Auditorium featured shared bills with luminaries like Billie Holiday and Duke Ellington, highlighting Basie's role in bridging swing traditions with emerging postwar energies.[34] These performances drew diverse audiences and underscored the cultural significance of Black-produced jazz festivals in postwar Los Angeles.[37] After 1945, the rise of bebop posed challenges to Basie's swing-oriented big band, as younger audiences and economic pressures from declining ballroom attendance eroded the large-ensemble model.[33] In response, Basie temporarily dissolved his full orchestra in 1950, reforming as a smaller octet to incorporate bebop influences while maintaining rhythmic precision; this group, featuring musicians like Buddy DeFranco on clarinet, recorded for labels including Clef and toured flexibly.[38][39] Throughout the late 1940s, Basie participated in Norman Granz's Jazz at the Philharmonic (JATP) tours, starting with early concerts in 1945 that exposed his sound to modern jazz enthusiasts through jam-session formats alongside bebop pioneers like Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie.[40] These tours, which expanded nationally by 1946, helped Basie navigate the stylistic shifts by blending his band's swing groove with improvisational intensity, reaching new listeners beyond traditional big-band venues.[41]Later career
Following the postwar period where Basie led a small octet from 1950 to 1951 as a cost-saving measure, he reformed his big band in 1952, revitalizing the ensemble for extensive tours across the United States and abroad, including Europe in 1954.[42][43] This reformation incorporated fresh arrangements by Neal Hefti, whose subtle compositions and scores helped evolve the band's sound into a more stylized, rhythmically forceful style that bridged swing and modern jazz.[44] Hefti's contributions became central during the band's signing to Roulette Records in late 1957, a deal that launched a prolific recording era and commercial resurgence.[45] Key recordings from this phase included the 1956 album April in Paris, featuring the title track arranged by Wild Bill Davis, which became one of Basie's biggest hits, reaching number 28 on the charts and earning induction into the Grammy Hall of Fame for its swinging big band treatment and iconic "one more time" ending.[46][47] The addition of vocalist Joe Williams in 1954 further boosted the band's popularity, highlighted by their 1955 collaboration on Count Basie Swings, Joe Williams Sings, which included the blues standard "Every Day I Have the Blues" as a standout single that showcased Williams's smooth baritone against the orchestra's tight rhythm section.[48] In the 1960s, Basie expanded his reach through high-profile collaborations, such as the 1964 album It Might as Well Be Swing with Frank Sinatra, arranged by Quincy Jones, which blended jazz orchestration with pop standards and marked Sinatra's first studio album with a big band since the swing era.[49] The orchestra maintained a rigorous schedule of international tours throughout the decade, including stops in Japan in 1963 and a world tour with Ella Fitzgerald in the late 1960s, alongside domestic performances that kept the swing sound vital amid rock's dominance.[50] This activity extended into the 1970s, featuring prestigious engagements like a White House reception in 1981 hosted by President Ronald Reagan.[51] Despite emerging health challenges in the 1970s, including a heart attack in 1976 that sidelined him briefly, Basie continued to lead the orchestra with determination, often using a cane or motorized wheelchair for mobility while directing from the piano.[52] He reassembled the band after recoveries and maintained an active touring and recording schedule until early 1984.[52]Personal life
Marriages and family
Count Basie married his first wife, Vivian Lee Winn, on July 21, 1930, in Kansas City, Missouri; the union produced no children and ended in divorce before 1935.[50] Following a decade-long courtship, Basie wed dancer Catherine Morgan as his second wife on August 21, 1942 (per his autobiography), though contemporary accounts indicate July 13, 1940, in Seattle, Washington.[1][50] The couple had one biological daughter, Diane Lillian Basie, born on February 6, 1944, who lived with cerebral palsy and required lifelong care. She died on October 15, 2022, after suffering a heart attack.[50] They also informally adopted Aaron Woodward III around 1947, who later served as an executor of Basie's estate and managed aspects of the family's business affairs.[52] Catherine Basie played a key role in supporting the family, handling charitable and civil rights initiatives while Basie toured extensively; she was recognized for her community work, including advocacy for children with disabilities. She died of a heart attack on April 11, 1983, at the couple's home in Freeport, Grand Bahama, Bahamas.[1][53] The family resided in the Addisleigh Park neighborhood of St. Albans, Queens, New York, starting in 1949—a close-knit Black enclave that included neighbors like Lena Horne and Ella Fitzgerald—before relocating to Freeport in the Bahamas during the 1970s.[1] Basie rarely discussed personal matters in interviews, emphasizing privacy around his home life amid his demanding career.[54] Catherine's involvement in philanthropy influenced the family's legacy, including support for jazz education through organizations tied to Basie's estate, such as the Count Basie Center for the Arts.[55]Death
In late 1983, Count Basie began experiencing health issues that culminated in his hospitalization on February 4, 1984, at Doctors' Hospital in Hollywood, Florida, initially for treatment of what was believed to be a severe ulcer and jaundice caused by a bile duct obstruction.[56] Doctors soon determined the underlying cause was pancreatic cancer at the head of the pancreas, which had eroded into the duodenum and triggered the ulcer symptoms.[57] Despite his long career leading the Count Basie Orchestra through decades of performances, Basie's condition deteriorated rapidly, leaving him bedridden and unable to walk independently in his final months.[52] Basie died of pancreatic cancer on April 26, 1984, at the age of 79, at Doctors' Hospital in Hollywood, Florida.[58] His body was transported to New York for viewing at the Walter B. Cooke Funeral Home in Queens on April 28, where approximately 1,000 mourners, including longtime friends and fans, paid their respects.[59] The funeral service took place on April 30 at the Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem, drawing a crowd of jazz luminaries such as Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie, Benny Carter, Woody Herman, Cab Calloway, Quincy Jones, and George Shearing, who gathered to honor the bandleader's contributions to swing and big band jazz.[60] Following the service, Basie was cremated in a private ceremony, and his ashes were interred on May 1, 1984, at Pinelawn Memorial Park and Arboretum in East Farmingdale, New York.[61] In the immediate aftermath, the Count Basie Orchestra continued without interruption as his enduring legacy, initially led by trumpeter Thad Jones from 1985 to 1986, who maintained the band's signature rhythm and repertoire during a transitional period.[62] Jones was succeeded by longtime Basie saxophonist and arranger Frank Foster in June 1986, who directed the ensemble for nearly a decade, preserving its role as a premier jazz institution.[63]The Count Basie Orchestra
Formation and key personnel
Following the death of Bennie Moten in April 1935, Count Basie reorganized remnants of Moten's orchestra into his initial group, a nine-piece ensemble that performed at the Reno Club in Kansas City, drawing on players familiar with the local jazz tradition.[64] This formation marked the beginning of the Count Basie Orchestra, with Basie on piano providing leadership amid the band's head arrangements and riff-based style. By early 1936, as the group transitioned to New York under producer John Hammond's guidance, it had expanded toward a fuller big band configuration, reaching a 13-piece lineup by 1937 to accommodate the demands of national tours and recordings.[18] The orchestra further standardized at 16 pieces during its formative swing era years, enabling a balanced sectional sound that defined its enduring structure.[65] Central to the band's identity was its renowned rhythm section, often called the All-Star Rhythm Section, comprising Basie on piano, guitarist Freddie Green, bassist Walter Page, and drummer Jo Jones, who formed the core from 1937 through 1948.[66] Green's understated chordal comping, Page's solid walking lines, and Jones's light, swinging propulsion created an effortless groove that underpinned the orchestra's loose yet precise interplay, with many of these musicians tracing roots to Kansas City ensembles like the Blue Devils. The horn sections featured standout tenor saxophonists Lester Young from 1936 to 1940, known for his light tone and innovative phrasing, and Herschel Evans from 1936 until his death in 1938, contributing a robust, blues-inflected contrast; trumpeter Buck Clayton anchored the brass from 1936 to 1943, adding lyrical solos and section leadership.[67] Arrangements evolved with key contributors shaping the band's riff-driven sound: Eddie Durham, who joined in 1937, introduced early valve trombone riffs and composed foundational charts that emphasized simplicity and swing.[68] Buster Harding provided additional arrangements in the late 1930s and early 1940s, supporting the band's improvisational framework. In the 1950s, Neal Hefti became a pivotal arranger, crafting sophisticated yet swinging charts that revitalized the orchestra during its "New Testament" phase.[69] Postwar years brought significant flux, with economic pressures leading Basie to disband the full orchestra in 1950 and operate smaller combos until reforming a 16-piece unit in 1952 amid renewed big band interest.[70] Personnel turnover persisted through the 1950s and 1960s, but the 1970s saw an influx of younger talent, bringing fresh energy to the enduring ensemble until Basie's death.Notable vocalists
Jimmy Rushing served as the primary vocalist for Count Basie's orchestra from 1935 to 1948, bringing a powerful blues-shouting style that became integral to the band's early swing identity.[71] His robust baritone and emotive delivery on tracks like "Sent for You Yesterday" (1939), co-composed with Basie and arranger Eddie Durham, exemplified the heartfelt, Kansas City-rooted blues that contrasted with the band's instrumental precision, helping define the vocal sound of swing-era big bands.[72] Rushing's tenure overlapped with key recordings, including "Goin' to Chicago Blues" (1938), where his phrasing amplified the orchestra's rhythmic drive, earning him the nickname "Mr. Five by Five" for his compact stature and outsized presence.[73] Helen Humes joined Basie's band in 1938, replacing Billie Holiday, and remained until 1941, contributing a versatile swing style that blended smooth ballads with blues-inflected shouts.[74] Her warm, expressive vocals on numbers like "I Cried for You" (1940) showcased a lighter, more melodic approach than Rushing's, adding emotional depth to the band's repertoire during its rise to national prominence.[75] Humes' phrasing, influenced by her early solo recordings, helped bridge the orchestra's instrumental swing with accessible vocal hooks, as heard in her interpretations of standards that highlighted Basie's subtle piano fills. Big Joe Turner made notable guest appearances with Basie's orchestra in 1938 and 1939, infusing performances with his booming blues shouting that predated his later R&B fame.[71] His raw, gospel-tinged delivery on "Roll 'Em Pete" (1938), recorded in a small-group setting with Basie pianist Pete Johnson, captured the energetic boogie-woogie spirit, influencing the band's occasional forays into more uptempo blues vocals.[76] In the postwar era, Joe Williams revitalized Basie's vocal front line from 1954 to 1961, his sophisticated baritone elevating the band's sound to new commercial heights.[64] Williams' hits like "Every Day I Have the Blues" (1955) from the album Count Basie Swings, Joe Williams Sings, blended blues grit with jazz polish, topping charts and showcasing his ability to swing effortlessly over Basie's refined rhythm section. His tenure produced enduring standards such as "Alright, Okay, You Win," where his timing and warmth complemented the orchestra's tight arrangements, solidifying Basie's reputation in the cool jazz transition. The vocalese trio Lambert, Hendricks & Ross collaborated with Basie in the late 1950s and early 1960s, pioneering scat innovations by adding lyrics to instrumental solos.[77] Their 1958 debut Sing a Song of Basie reimagined Basie's hits like "Lili Darlin'" with intricate harmonies, while live performances, such as at the 1961 Newport Jazz Festival, featured the trio alongside the orchestra, blending vocal improvisation with the band's swing groove. This partnership highlighted Basie's adaptability, influencing vocal jazz groups by demonstrating how lyrics could enhance big-band dynamics without overpowering the ensemble.Musical style and innovations
Big band sound and rhythm section
The Count Basie Orchestra's signature sound, often referred to as the "Basie sound," was defined by its light, propulsive swing and an unwavering "on the beat" feel that emphasized groove over density. At the core of this style was Basie's minimalist approach to piano playing, where he employed sparse chords and subtle accents to guide the ensemble rather than dominate it, creating space for the band's collective energy to emerge. This technique allowed the rhythm section to lock in seamlessly, producing a buoyant, driving pulse that exemplified the orchestra's rhythmic precision and ensemble cohesion.[78][24] The rhythm section—comprising Basie on piano, Freddie Green on guitar, Walter Page on bass, and Jo Jones on drums—formed the heartbeat of this sound, with each member contributing to a unified, interlocking pulse. Basie's sparse, blues-inflected comping provided harmonic foundation without overcrowding, while Green's chordal rhythm guitar delivered consistent quarter-note strums in a minimalist fashion, often unamplified to blend acoustically with the ensemble. Page's walking bass lines offered steady propulsion, and Jones's hi-hat and ride cymbal work introduced a light, forward-leaning swing that avoided heavy backbeats, collectively fostering the "All-American Rhythm Section" renowned for its intuitive synergy and rhythmic drive.[2][79][80][81] Much of the band's early repertoire relied on "head charts," informal arrangements built from improvised riffs developed in rehearsal and memorized by the musicians, which contrasted with more fully notated scores and allowed for fluid transitions into structured solos. These head charts encouraged a riff-based structure where ensemble sections traded simple, repetitive phrases, evolving organically into individual improvisations while maintaining tight rhythmic cohesion, a practice that highlighted the band's precision without sacrificing spontaneity.[4][16] This approach drew heavily from the Kansas City "jump" music tradition, characterized by a driving four-four rhythm that prioritized relentless momentum and bluesy energy, setting Basie's style apart from the more harmonically complex and orchestrally intricate arrangements of Duke Ellington's band. While Ellington's compositions often featured tailored voicings and elaborate textures to showcase soloists, Basie's emphasized relaxed propulsion and space, creating a leaner, more riff-oriented sound rooted in Midwestern jam session aesthetics.[82][83] In the 1950s, as Basie reformed his big band after a period with smaller ensembles, the style evolved toward tighter, more polished arrangements to appeal to broader pop audiences, incorporating contributions from arrangers like Neal Hefti while preserving the inherent looseness and rhythmic swing of the original sound. This "New Testament" era balanced commercial accessibility with the core elements of the Basie rhythm, ensuring the band's enduring vitality through refined yet flexible structures.[2][42]Compositions and arrangements
Count Basie's compositional output emphasized simple, riff-based structures that highlighted the band's improvisational strengths, with many pieces evolving from head arrangements rather than fully notated scores. His signature original, "One O'Clock Jump," composed in 1937, originated as an impromptu riff during a performance at the Reno Club in Kansas City and quickly became the Count Basie Orchestra's theme song, featuring Basie's economical piano introduction followed by ensemble riffs and solos.[82] Similarly, "Jumpin' at the Woodside," recorded in 1938, was another Basie original inspired by the Savoy Ballroom's rival venue, capturing the energetic swing of the era through its driving rhythm and call-and-response horn lines.[84] These tunes exemplified Basie's approach to composition, prioritizing rhythmic momentum over complex melodies. Basie often collaborated on co-compositions that showcased key band members, such as "Lester Leaps In," a 1939 head arrangement credited to tenor saxophonist Lester Young with Basie's input, which built on Young's improvisational style within the small-group Kansas City Seven format.[29] Later, arranger Frank Foster contributed "Shiny Stockings" in 1956, a sophisticated yet swinging original that integrated lush harmonies and featured solos by Joe Newman and Foster himself, becoming a staple in the band's repertoire during its Atomic period.[85] Arrangements by external talents further defined Basie's sound; Neal Hefti's "Li'l Darlin'," composed and arranged in 1957 for the orchestra, stood out for its slow-building tension through dynamic brass swells and subtle tempo shifts, embodying the band's precision and restraint.[86] Quincy Jones provided the arrangements for Basie's collaboration with Frank Sinatra on the 1964 album It Might as Well Be Swing, blending vocal phrasing with the band's blues-inflected drive. Many of Basie's works drew from blues traditions, as seen in "Roseland Shuffle" from 1937, which relied on repetitive riffs and shuffle rhythms to create a hypnotic groove, underscoring the orchestra's Kansas City roots.[87] Over his career, Basie received credit for more than 100 original tunes, a significant portion of which entered the jazz canon as standards, often supported by the band's renowned rhythm section that provided an unyielding four-to-the-bar pulse beneath the arrangements.[3]Legacy
Influence on jazz
Count Basie's orchestra played a pivotal role in bridging swing and bebop by incorporating improvisational elements into big band arrangements while maintaining a propulsive rhythm section that emphasized space and feel, influencing subsequent generations of jazz musicians.[88] His band's approach to rhythm, characterized by a light, driving pulse, directly shaped the stylistic transitions in post-swing jazz, as seen in the work of trumpeter Clark Terry, a Basie alumnus from 1948 to 1951, who passed these principles to protégés like Miles Davis and Quincy Jones.[89] Jones, who began arranging for Basie in the late 1950s, credited the bandleader's emphasis on rhythmic precision and ensemble interplay for informing his own innovations in jazz and beyond.[90] In the 1950s, amid the decline of big bands due to economic pressures, Basie's reformation of his orchestra into the "New Testament" band in 1952 provided a model for revival by blending swing's accessibility with modern harmonies and bebop-infused solos, sustaining the genre's vitality.[91] This leaner, more economical ensemble influenced contemporaries like Stan Kenton and Woody Herman, who adapted similar rhythmic drive and sectional precision to keep their bands touring and recording amid shifting tastes toward smaller combos.[92] By the 1970s, echoes of Basie's approach appeared in jazz fusion, where bands drew on his riff-based structures for energetic, groove-oriented explorations.[42] Basie's roots in Kansas City jazz codified the "jump blues" style through riff-driven head arrangements and a blues-inflected rhythm, laying groundwork for proto-rhythm and blues by prioritizing collective improvisation over rigid charts.[93] Emerging from the city's vibrant club scene in the early 1930s, his Barons of Rhythm emphasized a four-beat swing and horn-section call-and-response that energized dancers and influenced the upbeat, riff-heavy sound of later jump bands.[94] This legacy extended the blues tradition into popular music, bridging jazz with emerging R&B forms.[4] As a mentor, Basie fostered talent within his orchestra, notably guiding alto saxophonist Marshall Royal, whom he appointed lead alto and musical director upon reforming the band in 1952, entrusting him with shaping the ensemble's sound and discipline.[95] Royal, who served for nearly two decades until 1970, internalized and disseminated Basie's style—marked by crisp articulation and rhythmic lift—through his teaching and performances with other groups, influencing lead alto players across jazz ensembles.[96] During the swing era, Basie's success as a Black bandleader symbolized broader African American artistic achievement, elevating jazz as a platform for cultural expression amid segregation and demonstrating the genre's power to foster interracial appreciation.[97] His orchestra's polished yet soulful presentations challenged stereotypes, inspiring pride and visibility for Black musicians in mainstream venues.[98]Honors and tributes
Count Basie received the National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters Fellowship in 1983, recognizing his profound contributions to jazz as a pianist, composer, arranger, and bandleader.[2] In 1981, he was honored with the Grammy Trustees Award for his enduring impact on the music industry.[99] Basie was also selected as a recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors in 1981, celebrating his lifetime achievements in the performing arts alongside figures such as Cary Grant and Helen Hayes.[100] He was inducted into the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame in 1981.[101] Following his death in 1984, Basie received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1985.[9] In 2002, he received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, honoring his innovative leadership of the Count Basie Orchestra and its influence on big band jazz.[102] Additionally, his 1937 recording of "One O'Clock Jump" with his orchestra was inducted into the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress in 2005, preserving it as a culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant work that exemplifies the swing style Basie helped define.[24] Tributes to Basie have continued through the ongoing activities of the Count Basie Orchestra, which maintains international tours and performances into 2025, perpetuating his rhythmic precision and ensemble sound under directors like Scotty Barnhart.[103] The orchestra's centennial celebrations in 2004 featured concerts and events worldwide, including tributes at major jazz festivals that highlighted his compositions and arrangements.[104] In the 2020s, archival releases have marked anniversaries of his landmark albums, such as the 2020 recognition of sessions from the Montreux Jazz Festival, while educational initiatives like Jazz at Lincoln Center's Essentially Ellington program have expanded to include Basie arrangements, such as "Swingin' the Blues," fostering new generations of jazz students.[105][106]Representation in media
Films and soundtracks
Count Basie and his orchestra frequently appeared in films during the swing era, leveraging the genre's widespread appeal to showcase their music in visual media. These contributions spanned cameos, live performances, and soundtrack recordings, with the band featured in over ten productions, predominantly 1940s musical shorts and features that highlighted big band swing.[107] In the 1943 wartime ensemble film Stage Door Canteen, Basie and his orchestra delivered a lively performance alongside vocalist Ethel Waters, entertaining fictional servicemen in a New York City canteen setting.[108] The same year, they appeared in Reveille with Beverly, a musical comedy starring Ann Miller, where the band performed their iconic "One O'Clock Jump" to energize early-morning radio broadcasts aimed at soldiers.[32] Additional 1943 features included Top Man, a family-oriented musical in which the orchestra backed the Bobby Brooks Quartet on selections like "Basie Boogie," and Crazy House, an Abbott and Costello vehicle featuring Basie's band in a comedic variety sequence.[109] Hit Parade of 1943, a Republic Pictures production, showcased the orchestra in a tap dance number with Dorothy Dandridge and Jack Williams, titled "Harlem Sand Man." Basie's film involvement extended beyond the 1940s into soundtracks for later productions. In the 1960 Jerry Lewis comedy Cinderfella, the Count Basie Orchestra provided the swinging arrangement of Neal Hefti's "Cute" for the film's ballroom dance sequence, underscoring Lewis's mime performance.[110] A notable later cameo came in Mel Brooks's 1974 satirical Western Blazing Saddles, where Basie led his orchestra in a roadside performance of "April in Paris"; Brooks himself briefly joined the band on stage, creating a surreal interlude amid the film's chaotic narrative. These cinematic roles not only amplified Basie's visibility but also preserved the orchestra's rhythmic precision and improvisational flair for broader audiences.[111]Documentaries and literature
One of the earliest significant televised portrayals of Count Basie occurred in the 1957 CBS special The Sound of Jazz, where Basie and his orchestra performed alongside jazz luminaries such as Billie Holiday and Thelonious Monk, capturing the improvisational essence of the era's jazz scene in a live broadcast format.[112] This program, part of The Seven Lively Arts series, highlighted Basie's rhythmic precision and band dynamics through pieces like "Dickie's Dream," preserving a key moment in jazz television history.[113] In the 1970s, Basie featured prominently in BBC broadcasts, including a 1973 documentary directed by John Jeremy that explored the alumni of his 1943 band, featuring interviews and archival footage to illustrate the enduring impact of his ensemble.[65] Additional BBC appearances, such as performances on Show of the Week in the mid-1960s extending into the decade, showcased Basie's orchestra in live settings, emphasizing his swing style for international audiences.[114] Basie's frequent television exposure in the United States included multiple appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show from the late 1950s through the 1970s, where he and his orchestra delivered high-energy renditions of signature tunes like "One O'Clock Jump" in 1960 and "Jingle Bells" during a 1966 holiday special.[115] These performances, often featuring vocalist Joe Williams on numbers such as "Roll 'Em Pete" in 1959, brought Basie's big band sound to a broad variety audience, blending jazz with mainstream entertainment.[116] Similarly, Basie guested on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson on several occasions, including episodes in 1954 and 1963, where his orchestra provided musical segments that underscored his role as a pivotal figure in swing revival.[117] In biographical literature, Albert Murray's 1985 collaboration with Basie, Good Morning Blues: The Autobiography of Count Basie, offers an intimate account drawn from extensive interviews, detailing Basie's early life in Red Bank, New Jersey, his Kansas City influences, and the formation of his orchestra with a focus on personal anecdotes and musical philosophy.[118] This work, reissued in 2016 by the University of Minnesota Press, remains a cornerstone for understanding Basie's self-perception as a bandleader who prioritized ensemble cohesion over individual virtuosity.[119] Complementing this is The World of Count Basie (1985) by Stanley Dance, an oral history compiled from interviews with Basie alumni and associates, which examines the band's evolution through firsthand recollections of key personnel and arrangements.[120] Basie receives notable discussion in broader jazz histories, such as Marshall W. Stearns's 1956 The Story of Jazz, which analyzes his contributions to the swing tradition by linking Basie's rhythmic innovations to African American vernacular roots and the big band era's commercial rise.[121] In modern analyses, 2020s podcasts like the 2024 episode of Jazz Backstory titled "Count Basie" delve into his swing mastery and band leadership through archival audio and expert commentary, while The Jazz Treasury Podcast's Basie installment explores his early career trajectory.[122] These audio formats provide accessible entry points for contemporary audiences to Basie's legacy. A more recent documentary, Count Basie: Through His Own Eyes (2020), directed by Jeremy Marre and aired on BBC Four and PBS, uses Basie's own letters, notes, and home movies to reveal insights into his family life and personal ambitions, complementing earlier portrayals with previously unseen archival material.[123] Archival materials on Basie are extensively held by the Library of Congress, including approximately 85 stock arrangements from his 1935–1955 big band era, such as Buck Clayton's chart for "One O'Clock Jump," alongside recordings like the 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert featuring his orchestra.[124] These holdings, part of the Music Division's jazz collections, support scholarly research into Basie's compositional and performative techniques.[125]Discography
As bandleader
Count Basie led his orchestra for nearly five decades, resulting in over 480 recordings that spanned swing, cool jazz, and elements of fusion in his later years.[126] In the early period of his leadership, Basie's band captured the essence of Kansas City swing through energetic big band arrangements. A key compilation from this era is Super Chief (1936–1942, Columbia Records), which features classic tracks like "One O'Clock Jump" and showcases the orchestra's tight rhythm section and improvisational flair during their formative years on labels including Brunswick, Vocalion, and Commodore.[107] The 1950s marked a peak for Basie, blending swing roots with cool jazz sensibilities and innovative arrangements. April in Paris (1956, Verve Records) highlighted the band's refined sound with standout performances of standards like the title track, emphasizing Basie's economical piano style and the orchestra's dynamic brass sections. This was followed by The Atomic Mr. Basie (1957, Roulette Records), arranged by Neal Hefti, which earned critical acclaim for its atomic-energy swing on tracks such as "Kid from Red Bank," revitalizing Basie's career and influencing modern big band jazz.[127] Entering the 1960s, Basie explored collaborations that broadened his appeal. Sinatra-Basie: An Historic Musical First (1962, Reprise Records) paired the bandleader with vocalist Frank Sinatra on swinging interpretations of pop standards like "Fly Me to the Moon," demonstrating Basie's versatility in supporting featured singers. Later in the decade, Hollywood... Basie's Way (1966, Command Records) offered jazzy takes on film themes such as "The Shadow of Your Smile," reflecting Basie's adaptation to contemporary cinematic influences while maintaining his signature groove. In his later years, Basie incorporated fusion elements into his enduring swing framework, producing albums that bridged generations. I Told You So (1976, Pablo Records), arranged by Bill Holman, featured sophisticated charts on originals like "Tree Frog," underscoring the orchestra's continued vitality.[128] His final album, 88 Basie Street (1984, Pablo Records), closed Basie's discographic legacy with blues-infused tracks such as "Bluesville," recorded shortly before his death and exemplifying the band's timeless rhythmic drive.As sideman
Count Basie's initial forays into recording as a sideman occurred during his time with territorial bands in Kansas City, where he honed his piano skills in support of established leaders. Joining Walter Page's Blue Devils in 1928, Basie participated in the band's sole recording session on November 10, 1929, at radio station WDAF in Kansas City. The group waxed two blues-inflected sides for the Vocalion label: "Squabblin'," featuring vocals by Jimmy Rushing and written by Basie, and "Blue Devil Blues," written by Don Stovall. These tracks captured the loose, riff-based energy of early Kansas City jazz, with Basie's economical piano providing rhythmic drive behind the horns.[129] Shortly after leaving the Blue Devils in early 1929, Basie integrated into Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra, the territory's premier ensemble, initially as second pianist before taking over primary duties following Moten's death in 1935. His debut studio date with Moten came on October 30, 1930, for the Victor label in Chicago, yielding tracks like "Somebody Stole My Gal," on which Basie delivered a rare scat vocal alongside his piano work, and "When I'm Alone," emphasizing the band's evolving swing feel. Subsequent sessions in 1931 and 1932 further showcased Basie's contributions, with the pivotal September 7, 1932, Victor date in Chicago producing eight masters, including "Toby," a hot dance number arranged by Moten; "Moten Swing," a flagship tune that Basie would later revive under his own name; "The Blue Room," featuring Lester Young's debut tenor solo; and "I Surrender Dear," blending collective improvisation with structured heads. These Moten recordings, marked by Basie's light-touch comping and blues-rooted fills, numbered around 16 tracks across four sessions from 1930 to 1932 and represented a bridge from hot jazz to the big band swing era, for a total of roughly 18 sideman tracks concentrated between 1929 and 1935. Beyond these core sessions, Basie's sideman work extended to scattered radio transcriptions and guest appearances in the early 1930s, including unissued airshots accompanying Fats Waller's rhythmic stride piano during broadcasts from New York venues. Earlier, in the 1920s vaudeville circuit, Basie served as piano accompanist for touring acts such as singer Ethel Waters and novelty groups fronted by Red McKenzie, though surviving recordings from these one-off performances are scarce. These pre-leadership recordings underscore his role in shaping the propulsive rhythm sections that propelled Kansas City jazz to national prominence.[130]| Band/Artist | Date | Label | Key Tracks | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walter Page's Blue Devils | November 10, 1929 | Vocalion | "Squabblin'," "Blue Devil Blues" | Basie's debut recordings; bluesy ensemble with Rushing vocals. |
| Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra | October 30, 1930 | Victor | "Somebody Stole My Gal," "When I'm Alone" | Basie's scat vocal on lead track; early swing experiments. |
| Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra | April 15, 1931 | Victor | "New Moten Stomp," "As Long As I Live" | Building band cohesion; Basie on second piano initially. |
| Bennie Moten's Kansas City Orchestra | September 7, 1932 | Victor | "Toby," "Moten Swing," "The Blue Room," "I Surrender Dear" | Landmark session; Young's solos, Basie's rhythmic foundation. |
Awards
Grammy Awards
Count Basie earned nine competitive Grammy Awards over his career, plus a Lifetime Achievement Award in 2002, and received 20 nominations spanning categories such as jazz instrumental performance, big band, and dance band achievements.[7] At the inaugural Grammy Awards ceremony in 1959, honoring 1958 recordings, Basie became the first African American to win a Grammy, securing two awards for the album Basie: Best Jazz Performance, Group, and Best Performance by a Dance Band.[131][3] His subsequent wins highlighted his big band prowess and innovative arrangements. Additional victories include Best Performance by a Band – For Dancing for Dance With Basie (1960) and Best Performance by an Orchestra – For Dancing for This Time By Basie! Hits of the 50’s And 60’s (1963). In 1976, he won Best Jazz Performance by a Soloist (Instrumental) for Basie and Zoot.[132] Basie's Grammy success continued into the 1970s and 1980s with awards in big band categories, including Best Jazz Performance by a Big Band for Prime Time (1977), Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Big Band for On the Road (1980), Warm Breeze (1982), and a posthumous win for 88 Basie Street (1984).[132] These victories underscored his enduring influence on jazz orchestration amid evolving styles.[3] Notable nominations included collaborations like the 1964 album It Might as Well Be Swing with Frank Sinatra, arranged by Quincy Jones, which earned recognition in vocal and instrumental categories, reflecting Basie's versatility in blending jazz with pop.[7] Overall, his more than 20 nominations across decades affirmed his impact on both traditional big band jazz and crossover projects.[7]Hall of Fame inductions
Count Basie was recognized for his enduring contributions to jazz through numerous inductions into prestigious halls of fame, particularly those dedicated to jazz and related genres. These honors underscore his role as a pioneering bandleader whose innovative swing style and blues-infused arrangements influenced generations of musicians.[132] His first major hall of fame induction came in 1958, when he was elected to the DownBeat Jazz Hall of Fame via the magazine's readers poll, affirming his status as a cornerstone of the jazz world during the height of the big band era.[133] This recognition highlighted Basie's rhythmic precision and leadership of one of the era's most acclaimed orchestras.[132] In 2005, Basie was posthumously inducted into the Nesuhi Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame at Jazz at Lincoln Center, joining luminaries such as Ella Fitzgerald and Benny Goodman in honoring his transformative impact on jazz performance and ensemble playing.[132][134] The Blues Hall of Fame inducted Basie as a performer in 2019, acknowledging the blues foundation inherent in his Kansas City roots and the swinging, riff-based style that defined his band's sound.[135] This honor emphasized how his orchestra, often called "The Band That Plays the Blues," blended jazz improvisation with blues authenticity over five decades.[136] Several of Basie's signature recordings have also been enshrined in the Grammy Hall of Fame, celebrating their historical and artistic significance:| Recording | Year Recorded | Induction Year | Label |
|---|---|---|---|
| "One O'Clock Jump" | 1937 | 1979 | Decca |
| "April in Paris" | 1955 | 1985 | Clef |
| "Everyday (I Have the Blues)" | 1955 | 1992 | Clef |
| "Lester Leaps In" | 1939 | 2005 | Vocalion |
.jpg)