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Davanagere
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Dāvanagere is a city in the centre of the southern Indian state of Karnataka. It is the seventh largest city in the state, and the administrative headquarters of the eponymous Davangere district.[2] Hitherto being a cotton hub and hence popularly known before[when?] as the Manchester of Karnataka, the commercial ventures of the city is now dominated by education and agro-processing industries.[3][4] Davanagere became a separate district in 1997,[5] when it was separated from the erstwhile undivided district of Chitradurga for administration conveniences. Davanagere is known for rich culinary traditions which encompass the diversity of entire Karnataka's dishes due to its geographical position in the state as its centre. Notable among them is its aromatic benne dose.[6][7]
Key Information
Davanagere was selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under the Central government's Smart Cities Mission. It was among the first 20 towns to be developed under the mission by Ministry of Urban Development.[8] According to 2020 human living index, it was selected as the top 9th most livable city with a population under 10 million in India.
Civic administration
[edit]Davangere has been at the forefront in municipal administration with the city attaining the status of a municipality as early as 1870.[9] The Imperial Gazetteer of India (1911) says that the receipts and expenditure of the municipality, during the ten years ending 1901, averaged Rs 14,200 and Rs 12,600 respectively.[9] The civic administration of the city was managed by the Nagarasabhe, before it was established as a municipality on 7 August 1951. It now has the status of a City Corporation, which was upgraded on 6 January 2007. It is headed by a Mayor, assisted by Commissioners and council members. The city is divided into 45 wards, and the council members (corporators) are elected by the people of the city.
Geography
[edit]Davanagere is the "Heart of Karnataka". Davanagere is surrounded by the Chitradurga, Vijayanagara, Shimoga, Chikmagalur and Haveri districts. Davanagere is at the centre of Karnataka, 14°28' N latitude, 75°59' longitude and 602.5 metres (1,977 ft) above sea level. Davanagere District receives an average annual rainfall of 644 mm (25.4 in).[10]
Demographics
[edit]| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1931 | 23,155 | — |
| 1941 | 31,759 | +37.2% |
| 1951 | 56,018 | +76.4% |
| 1961 | 78,124 | +39.5% |
| 1971 | 121,110 | +55.0% |
| 1981 | 196,621 | +62.3% |
| 1991 | 287,233 | +46.1% |
| 2001 | 364,523 | +26.9% |
| 2011 | 435,125 | +19.4% |
| Source: [11] | ||
The current estimate population of Davanagere city in 2025 is 633,000 https://census2011.co.in/census/city/442-davanagere.html, while Davanagere metro population is estimated at 0 . The last census was conducted in 2011 and the schedule census for Davanagere city in 2021 was postponed due to Covid. The current estimates of Davanagere city are based on past growth rate. Once govt conducts census for Davanagere city, we will update the same here in 2025. As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Davanagere in 2011 is 434,971.[13]
Davanagere Literacy Rate and Sex Ratio
[edit]In education section, total literates in Davanagere city are 329,003 of which 174,019 are males while 154,984 are females. Average literacy rate of Davanagere city is 84.90 percent of which male and female literacy was 89.02 and 80.71 percent. The sex ratio of Davanagere city is 979 per 1000 males. Child sex ratio of girls is 954 per 1000 boys.[15]
Climate
[edit]Devanagere has been ranked 25th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.[16]
| Climate data for Davanagere (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.0 (98.6) |
37.0 (98.6) |
39.0 (102.2) |
40.5 (104.9) |
40.0 (104.0) |
38.5 (101.3) |
34.0 (93.2) |
33.0 (91.4) |
34.0 (93.2) |
35.0 (95.0) |
33.5 (92.3) |
34.0 (93.2) |
40.5 (104.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.8 (87.4) |
32.8 (91.0) |
35.3 (95.5) |
36.5 (97.7) |
35.3 (95.5) |
30.8 (87.4) |
28.5 (83.3) |
28.0 (82.4) |
28.8 (83.8) |
30.1 (86.2) |
29.8 (85.6) |
29.9 (85.8) |
31.4 (88.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.3 (55.9) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.2 (64.8) |
20.8 (69.4) |
21.3 (70.3) |
21.0 (69.8) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.7 (69.3) |
20.5 (68.9) |
19.1 (66.4) |
16.5 (61.7) |
15.4 (59.7) |
18.5 (65.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 5.6 (42.1) |
5.6 (42.1) |
10.8 (51.4) |
13.6 (56.5) |
13.8 (56.8) |
12.6 (54.7) |
13.6 (56.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
12.3 (54.1) |
8.6 (47.5) |
7.8 (46.0) |
5.6 (42.1) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 1.2 (0.05) |
0.0 (0.0) |
13.6 (0.54) |
50.5 (1.99) |
87.6 (3.45) |
77.2 (3.04) |
101.4 (3.99) |
121.5 (4.78) |
132.3 (5.21) |
123.4 (4.86) |
45.5 (1.79) |
4.5 (0.18) |
753.7 (29.67) |
| Average rainy days | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 2.7 | 5.2 | 6.3 | 10.5 | 10.8 | 8.8 | 5.9 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 52.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 49 | 40 | 30 | 32 | 39 | 65 | 76 | 76 | 71 | 64 | 66 | 65 | 56 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[17] | |||||||||||||
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "50th Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
- ^ "Davangere town Statistics". Archived from the original on 21 December 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
- ^ Tejaswi, Marx (21 April 2019). "Caste factor holds key in Karnataka's Manchester". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
- ^ Shastri, Vittal (25 February 2018). "Battleground karnataka: Davangere Where the Lingayats are keeping everyone guessing". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
- ^ "History | Davanagere District, Government of Karnataka". Retrieved 27 March 2019.
- ^ District Gazetteers Karnataka state
- ^ Mujumdar, Neha (22 December 2012). "In search of DAVANGERE BENNE DOSE". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
- ^ "Davanagere, Belagavi Among 1st Smart Cities". The New Indian Express-28-Jan-2016. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
- ^ a b "Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 11, page 204 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library". dsal.uchicago.edu.
- ^ "NIC.in". Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ Census Tablescensusindia.gov.in Archived 9 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Table C-01 Population By Religion - Karnataka". census.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ "Davanagere City Population 2025 | Literacy and Hindu Muslim Population". www.census2011.co.in. Retrieved 26 February 2025.
- ^ "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue (Urban): Karnataka". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
- ^ "Davanagere City Population 2025 | Literacy and Hindu Muslim Population". www.census2011.co.in. Retrieved 26 February 2025.
- ^ "Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024" (PDF). Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024. 7 September 2024. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 September 2024. Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ "Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
Davanagere
View on GrokipediaThe district was formed on 15 August 1997 from portions of Chitradurga, Shimoga, and Ballari districts, with the city named as its capital due to its central location, earning it the moniker "Heart of Karnataka."[3][2]
As of the 2011 census, the urban agglomeration had a population of 434,971, with the broader district encompassing about 1,945,497 residents, reflecting steady growth from prior decades.[4][5]
Agriculture dominates the local economy, with key crops including paddy, maize, and pulses like red gram, supported by favorable soil and climate that also enable horticultural production.[6][7][8]
The city functions as a commercial and trading hub, historically rooted in pre-colonial trade under dynasties such as the Chalukyas, and continues to host agro-processing alongside emerging industrial activities.[9][10]
History
Origins and Early Development
The name Dāvanāgere derives from Kannada terms referring to a "village of lakes" (kere denoting lake), likely alluding to ancient water bodies in the area or the local cultivation of the Artemisia pallens plant known as dāvanā.[11] [12] Local legends trace its etymology to the Chalukya dynasty era, when a king purportedly created a lake to water royal horses during campaigns, establishing the settlement as a provisioning point.[13] Archaeological evidence from the broader Davanagere district indicates prehistoric human activity, including Neolithic-era stone axes, pottery shards, and possible burial sites dating back several millennia BCE, suggesting early agrarian communities in the region.[14] By the pre-Christian era, the area likely fell under the peripheral influence of the Mauryan Empire, though no direct urban settlement at the modern city site is attested.[13] Subsequent control passed to the Kadamba dynasty around the 5th century CE, which promoted Kannada culture and administration in Karnataka.[13] Medieval rulers shaped the region's early framework: the 11th century saw brief Pandyavamsa dominance, followed by Hoysala kings in the 12th century, who initiated temple architecture and agricultural expansion nearby.[13] [9] The Vijayanagara Empire incorporated the territory from the 14th century, fostering trade routes and local nayaka governance until the empire's weakening after the 1565 Battle of Talikota.[9] Post-Vijayanagara, independent nayakas and Maratha influences emerged, setting the stage for consolidation.[15] Davanagere's initial urban development accelerated in the early 17th century under the Mysore Sultanate, as Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan granted it as a jagir (land revenue assignment) to Maratha sardar Appaji Ram around 1697, drawing merchants and elevating it from a minor village to a nascent trade hub for cotton and grains.[13] [15] This patronage, amid shifting polities including local Nayakas, laid the commercial foundations before European involvement, with the settlement's population and markets expanding through fortified markets (angadis) and agrarian surpluses from surrounding black cotton soil tracts.[13]Colonial and Post-Independence Growth
During the British colonial period, Davanagere transitioned under direct administration following the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War and the defeat of Tipu Sultan on May 4, 1799, becoming part of the Madras Presidency.[13] European trading firms entered the region, fostering commerce in cotton and textiles, which laid the groundwork for industrial activity.[13] By the early 20th century, the area had emerged as a key cotton-processing hub, with multiple ginning and pressing factories established to support export-oriented trade, earning it the moniker "Manchester of Karnataka" for its textile prominence.[16] Local participation in the independence movement intensified resistance to British rule, including non-cooperation campaigns and protests led by figures such as those in the Indian National Congress branches in Chitradurga district, of which Davanagere was then a taluk.[17] These efforts emphasized swadeshi principles, promoting indigenous cotton production over imported British goods, which bolstered local weaving cooperatives despite colonial economic policies favoring raw material extraction.[18] Post-independence, after August 15, 1947, Davanagere's textile sector modernized rapidly, with the addition of power looms and several new mills, such as those expanding output to over 100,000 spindles by the 1950s, aided by national five-year plans prioritizing rural industrialization.[19] The city's integration into Mysore State (later Karnataka in 1956) facilitated infrastructure growth, including rail expansions connecting it to major ports, while government incentives under the Industries Act of 1951 spurred diversification into paper and sugar processing.[9] By 1997, administrative separation from Chitradurga district enhanced focused development, with cotton ginning units numbering around 200 and contributing to a regional GDP growth rate exceeding 5% annually in manufacturing through the early 2000s.[3][20]Geography and Environment
Location and Physical Features
Davanagere is situated in the central region of Karnataka state, southern India, at coordinates 14°28′ N latitude and 75°59′ E longitude, functioning as the administrative headquarters of Davanagere district.[1] The city occupies an elevated position on the Deccan Plateau at 602.5 meters above mean sea level, contributing to its role as a transitional zone between the malnad (hilly) and maidan (plains) physiographic divisions of Karnataka.[1][21] The terrain surrounding Davanagere consists of gently undulating plains with an average elevation of around 600 meters, underlain by Archaean crystalline rocks typical of the plateau, interspersed with red loamy and black cotton soils that predominate in the district's 5,976 square kilometers.[22][21] Drainage is facilitated by tributaries of the Tungabhadra River system, including the Bhadra and Vedavati, though the city itself relies on local tanks and lakes such as Kunduwada Lake for water storage and supply, supplemented by the Tungabhadra for irrigation from adjacent reservoirs.[23] These features support extensive agricultural flatlands, with minimal rugged topography except toward the southeastern borders near the Western Ghats escarpment.[21]Climate and Natural Resources
Davanagere district features a hot semi-arid climate with high temperatures throughout the year and seasonal monsoon rainfall concentrated from June to October. The average annual precipitation measures 637 mm, supporting agriculture during the wet period while periods of drought occur in other months.[7] Minimum temperatures dip to around 16°C in December, while maximums reach 35°C or higher in April and May.[24] The region's natural resources center on arable land and water bodies, with red sandy soils dominating and proving fertile for crops like maize and arecanut.[25] Black sandy and clay soils also occur, aiding diverse cultivation including paddy, pulses such as red gram, cotton, and oilseeds like sunflower.[6] The Tungabhadra River and local tanks provide irrigation, enhancing productivity in this Deccan Plateau area.[7] Minor mineral deposits include manganese ore along northern hillsides and magnetite varieties, though extraction remains limited compared to agricultural output.[26] These resources contribute modestly to the local economy, overshadowed by farming which forms the backbone of the district's environmental and economic profile.[27]Demographics
Population Trends and Composition
As of the 2011 Census of India, the population of Davanagere city was recorded at 434,971 residents.[4] This represented a 19.3% increase from the 364,523 inhabitants enumerated in the 2001 census, corresponding to an average annual growth rate of approximately 1.77% over the decade.[28] [29] Post-2011 estimates indicate continued urban expansion, with projections ranging from 563,000 in 2025 by one analysis to 633,000 by another, reflecting sustained migration and natural increase amid Karnataka's broader demographic shifts.[30] [4] The city's sex ratio in 2011 was 979 females per 1,000 males, slightly above the state average but indicative of persistent gender imbalances in urban India.[4] The child sex ratio (ages 0-6) was lower at 954 girls per 1,000 boys, highlighting challenges in female child survival consistent with patterns observed in central Karnataka.[4] Literacy rates were relatively high at 84.90% overall, with males at 89.02% and females at 80.71%, surpassing district averages and underscoring Davanagere's role as an educational hub.[4] Religiously, Hinduism predominated at 73.14% of the population (318,131 individuals), followed by Islam at 24.57% (106,856), reflecting a notable Muslim urban minority atypical for Karnataka cities where Hindus often exceed 80%.[4] Jainism accounted for 1.04% (4,538), Christianity 0.65% (2,823), with smaller shares for Sikhism (0.03%), Buddhism (0.02%), and others (0.15%).[4] This composition supports a diverse social fabric, though district-level data shows higher Hindu proportions (85.25%), suggesting the city's figures capture concentrated non-Hindu communities.[31]| Religion | Percentage | Population (2011) |
|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | 73.14% | 318,131 |
| Islam | 24.57% | 106,856 |
| Jainism | 1.04% | 4,538 |
| Christianity | 0.65% | 2,823 |
| Others | 0.60% | 2,613 |
