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Gaysper
View on Wikipediafrom Wikipedia
| Gaysper | |
|---|---|
 | |
| First appearance | Vox official Twitter account |
| Based on | Android 5.0 ghost emoji |
| In-universe information | |
| Affiliation | LGBT movement |
| Part of the LGBTQ series |
| LGBTQ symbols |
|---|
| Symbols |
| Pride flags |
Gaysper is an LGBT symbol based on the ghost emoji (U+1F47B, "👻") of Android 5.0. It is a modification of the original icon that uses a background with the colors of the rainbow flag. It became popular in Spain from April 2019 following a tweet posted on the official account of the populist far-right party Vox, after which a multitude of users belonging to the LGBT movement began to use it as a symbol.[1][2] The icon has established itself as an example of the phenomenon of reappropriation of elements of the anti-LGBT discourse in contemporary society through social networks.[3][4]
Origin and popularization
[edit]On 28 April 2019, general elections were being held in Spain. The same day, the populist right-wing party Vox shared a controversial tweet in which it invited its voters to vote through the claim "Let the battle begin!". The message was accompanied by a photomontage of Aragorn, a protagonist of the Lord of the Rings saga, in which he appeared facing a crowd of orcs, whose figure had been modified and replaced with symbols contrary to the party's ideology: the feminist symbol, the hammer and sickle, the flag of the Second Spanish Republic and the Catalan independence estelada, several logos of media outlets such as El País or Cadena SER, the symbol of the raised fist, the symbol of the anti-fascist movement and, among them, a modified version of the ghost emoji (👻) of the Android 5.0 version with the colors of the LGBT flag.[2]
The use of the symbol in the tweet met with an initial negative reaction from the LGBT community on Twitter. However, it would later end up using it for the creation of memes, and finally as a symbol of the community in a phenomenon of reappropriation. The icon would end up being known as Gaysper, in a portmanteau of the word gay and Casper the Friendly Ghost; and subsequently spread in press and television. It was shared by popular figures of the Spanish media scene such as Mikel Iturriaga and Brays Efe, among others.[3][5] According to an analysis of the social impact of Gaysper published in February 2021, the icon became the biggest topic of diffusion on the Internet in Spain on the day of its publication.[4]
Warner Bros. would respond to Vox's tweet by stating that its company had not authorized the party to use its copyrighted images.[6] On May 1, 2019, a representation of the icon would appear on an episode of the television program Late Motiv, in which he was "interviewed" by Andreu Buenafuente. His voice was represented by the deputy director of the program, Bob Pop.[7]
On May 21, 2019, PSOE deputies Felipe Sicilia and Arnau Ramírez would attend a parliamentary session in Congress wearing a T-shirt bearing the icon.[8][9] Different merchandising items of the icon would become popular in the following months, on the occasion of the celebration of the International LGBT Pride Day.[10] Likewise, versions derived from the symbol would become popular with other flags belonging to the community, such as the transgender or the bisexual flag.[3][11][12]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ "Un año de Gaysper" (in Spanish). Shangay. 2020-07-05. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
- ^ a b Vox (28 April 2019). "¡Qué comience la batalla! #PorEspaña (tuit)". Twitter (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
- ^ a b c Cantó, Pablo (2019-04-29). "Cómo el 'fantasma LGTB' que asusta a Vox se ha convertido en un icono gay" (in Spanish). El País (Verne). Retrieved 2021-05-24.
- ^ a b Bonfill, Anna Zaera; Giménez, Yolanda Tortajada; Gálvez, Antonio Caballero (2021-02-03). "La reapropiación del insulto como resistencia queer en el universo digital: el caso Gaysper". Investigaciones Feministas (in Spanish). 12 (1): 103–113. doi:10.5209/infe.69684. hdl:10115/34401. ISSN 2171-6080. S2CID 234065914. Retrieved 2021-06-08.
- ^ Justo, David (2019-04-30). "La historia de 'Gaysper': el fantasma utilizado por Vox que se ha convertido en icono LGTBI" (in Spanish). Cadena SER. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
- ^ Warner Bros. "Sabemos que El Señor de Los Anillos tiene muchos fans, pero Warner Bros no ha autorizado el uso de nuestra propiedad intelectual para ninguna campaña política. (tuit)". Twitter. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
- ^ Buenafuente entrevista en directo a Gaysper, el fantasma homosexual popularizado por VOX (in Spanish). Formula TV. 2019. Retrieved 2024-09-06.
- ^ "La question LGBT en Espagne". Major-Prépa (in French). 2021-12-06. Retrieved 2022-06-04.
- ^ "Avec ce petit fantôme, des députés espagnols ont pris les homophobes à leur propre jeu" (in French). Huffpost. 2019-05-21. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
- ^ "Las camisetas Gaysper causan furor en España" (in Spanish). La voz de Asturias. 2019-06-17. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
- ^ 20minutos (2019-04-29). "El fantasma Gaysper, de meme antigay de la ultraderecha española a icono LGBT" (in Spanish). 20 minutos. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Fluidsper, Transper o Asexsper: los "amigos de Gaysper", el fantasma que Vox lanzó como amenaza al colectivo LGTBI" (in Spanish). La Sexta. 2019-07-02. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Gaysper at Wikimedia Commons
Gaysper
View on Grokipediafrom Grokipedia
Gaysper is an LGBT internet symbol featuring the Android 5.0 ghost emoji (👻) modified with a rainbow-colored background derived from the pride flag.[1][2]
The icon emerged prominently in April 2019 when Spain's Vox party, known for its opposition to expansive LGBT policies, incorporated it into an election-day graphic to denote perceived adversaries aligned with progressive ideologies, intending it as a pejorative stand-in for ghostly or spectral threats to traditional values.[1][3]
This usage prompted a swift counter-reaction on social media, where LGBT users reclaimed the image under the hashtag #Gaysper—a portmanteau of "gay" and "Casper" the friendly ghost—transforming it into a positive mascot through memes, fan art, and variants incorporating other pride flags.[1][3][4]
The backfire highlighted dynamics of online cultural contestation, where attempts at symbolic delegitimization can inadvertently amplify the targeted group's visibility and solidarity, with Gaysper subsequently appearing in merchandise, digital art, and community expressions as an emblem of resilience and humor.[1][3]
Origins and Design
Emoji Basis and Modification
Gaysper derives from the ghost emoji (Unicode U+1F47B, 👻) as rendered in Android version 5.0, released on November 12, 2014, which portrays a white, blob-like ghost figure with outstretched arms against a solid black circular background. The design's simplistic, cartoonish appearance, lacking facial details beyond basic outlines, contributed to its adaptability for symbolic repurposing.[1] The primary modification involves overlaying or replacing the black background with the six horizontal stripes of the traditional rainbow pride flag—red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple (violet)—directly integrating LGBT symbolism into the emoji's form.[1][5] This alteration, first prominently featured in a graphic by the Spanish political party Vox on April 28, 2019, juxtaposed the ghost against the pride colors to evoke notions of spectral threats, but the visual fusion inadvertently lent itself to reclamation as a positive icon.[5] Subsequent digital recreations maintain fidelity to the Android 5.0 ghost silhouette while varying stripe orientations or adding elements like smiles, though the core remains the pride-infused background on the original emoji base.[1]
Early Usage Before 2019
The standard ghost emoji (👻), upon which Gaysper is based, was introduced as part of Unicode 6.0 in October 2010 and depicts a white cartoonish figure with outstretched arms and a protruding tongue, intended to represent a friendly or spooky specter.[6] Early implementations varied by platform; for instance, Android 5.0 featured a simplified version with a pale blue-gray body, but no rainbow-colored modifications or pride flag integrations are documented in official emoji sets prior to 2019. No verifiable instances of the specific Gaysper modification—a ghost emoji superimposed on a rainbow flag background—appear in public records, social media archives, or digital art repositories before April 2019. Isolated rainbow-themed ghost illustrations existed in niche contexts, such as custom miniatures for pride events or 3D printable models tagged with LGBT themes as early as 2016, but these lacked the standardized design, nomenclature, or viral dissemination associated with Gaysper.[7] The term "Gaysper" itself, evoking a portmanteau of "gay" and "Casper" (referencing the friendly ghost character from 1940s comics and later media), shows no pre-2019 usage in searchable online corpora or meme databases. This absence of prior adoption aligns with the symbol's emergence tied to political satire rather than organic LGBT iconography, distinguishing it from established pride symbols like the rainbow flag designed by Gilbert Baker in 1978. Any sporadic pre-2019 ghost-rainbow hybrids appear limited to personal or hobbyist creations without broader cultural traction or attribution as "Gaysper."[5]The 2019 Vox Controversy
Context of Spanish Elections
The April 2019 Spanish general election occurred on 28 April, marking the third national vote in four years amid ongoing political instability following the 2015 and 2016 elections, which had produced fragmented parliaments and short-lived minority governments. Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez, leading the Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), called snap elections in February 2019 after his coalition failed to secure parliamentary approval for the national budget, exacerbating divisions over economic policy, Catalonia's independence push, and corruption scandals plaguing established parties like the People's Party (PP). Voter turnout reached 75.8%, with PSOE securing the most seats (123) but falling short of a majority, necessitating coalition negotiations. Vox, a national conservative party founded in 2014 by former PP members disillusioned with its centrist shift, emerged as a significant force after gaining 12 seats in the December 2018 Andalusian regional election, where it provided external support to a PP-Citizens (Cs) government—the first such right-wing alliance since the Franco era. In the national contest, Vox captured 52 seats with 10.3% of the vote (over 2.6 million ballots), entering Congress for the first time and signaling a realignment on Spain's right amid PP's decline to 66 seats. The party's platform emphasized Spanish unity against separatism, stricter immigration controls, and traditional family values, positioning it as an alternative to mainstream conservatism.[8] Vox's positions on social issues, including opposition to what it termed "gender ideology" in education and public policy, drew scrutiny during the campaign. The party advocated repealing laws mandating LGBT-inclusive curricula in schools, ending subsidies for pride events, restricting surrogacy and adoption by same-sex couples, and limiting transgender access to women's spaces, while supporting civil unions over same-sex marriage legalized in 2005. These stances challenged Spain's post-1978 democratic consensus on progressive social reforms, including early advancements in gay rights under socialist governments, and resonated with voters prioritizing cultural conservatism amid perceptions of overreach in identity politics. Vox leader Santiago Abascal framed such policies as defending parental rights and national identity against "LGBT lobbies," contributing to the party's appeal in a polarized electorate.[9]Vox's Tweet and Intended Symbolism
On April 28, 2019, coinciding with the opening of polls for the Spanish general election, Vox—a national conservative political party—posted a tweet featuring an edited image from The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003).[10][11] The image depicted the character Aragorn, portrayed by Viggo Mortensen and overlaid with the Vox party logo on his cloak, in a combative pose against symbolic representations of ideological adversaries, accompanied by the Spanish text "¡Qué comience la batalla! #PorEspaña" ("Let the battle begin! #ForSpain").[10][3] Among the adversaries illustrated were icons for communism (a hammer and sickle), anarchism, Catalan separatism, liberal media, feminism, and immigration advocacy; the rainbow-hued ghost emoji, modified from the Android 5.0 ghost design (U+1F47B) with a pride flag background, specifically symbolized the LGBT movement or "lobby" as perceived by Vox.[10][1] Vox intended this ghost to represent an entity they opposed, framing it as part of a broader cultural and political "battle" against progressive ideologies, consistent with the party's platform emphasizing traditional family structures and resistance to what they describe as state-imposed gender ideology and LGBT promotion in education and public policy.[10] The tweet's symbolism drew from epic fantasy tropes to rally supporters by portraying Vox as defenders against perceived threats to Spanish national identity and values, with the diminutive, non-threatening appearance of the ghost underscoring Vox's view of the LGBT symbol as a spectral or insubstantial foe in their ideological struggle rather than a literal call to violence.[10][12] This usage aligned with Vox's election rhetoric, which highlighted opposition to "political correctness" and multiculturalism, positioning the rainbow ghost as emblematic of cultural erosion to be confronted.[3]Initial Backlash and Reclamation Trigger
The tweet from Vox, posted on April 28, 2019, during Spain's general elections, depicted a rainbow-colored ghost emoji alongside other symbols representing perceived adversaries, including feminism and Catalan independence, in a Lord of the Rings-inspired graphic portraying the party's leader as Aragorn leading a charge against them.[1][10] This imagery was interpreted by critics as equating the LGBT movement with antagonistic forces, prompting immediate accusations of homophobia from Spanish media outlets and activists.[5][12] Vox defended the post as targeting political "lobbies" rather than individuals, but the portrayal fueled backlash, with commentators highlighting it as evidence of the party's opposition to LGBT visibility.[3] The reclamation began almost instantaneously on social media platforms like Twitter, where LGBT users and allies responded by isolating and positively recontextualizing the ghost emoji, dubbing it "Gaysper" as a playful portmanteau of "gay" and "Casper."[1][10] Posts featuring the symbol in celebratory contexts proliferated, transforming Vox's intended negative connotation into a badge of ironic defiance and community pride, with users sharing memes and artwork that mocked the party's graphic.[3][12] This viral turnaround, amplified by shares from influencers and reaching thousands of interactions within hours, effectively neutralized the tweet's antagonistic framing and elevated Gaysper as an emergent LGBT mascot.[1][5] By early May 2019, the symbol had garnered dedicated fan pages and merchandise interest, marking the reclamation's rapid success in subverting the original intent.[10][3]Popularization as LGBT Symbol
Social Media Campaigns
Following Vox's April 28, 2019, tweet depicting the rainbow ghost among symbols of perceived adversaries, LGBT individuals and allies rapidly mobilized on social media to subvert the intended negative connotation. Users on platforms like Twitter began employing the hashtag #Gaysper, a portmanteau of "gay" and the ghost character Casper, to generate memes that satirized the party's stance and reframed the image as an emblem of resilience and pride.[1][3] This organic counter-movement proliferated swiftly, with the rainbow ghost emoji integrated into posts mocking Vox's electoral rhetoric and celebrating queer visibility. By early May 2019, #Gaysper trended in Spain, spawning variations such as animated GIFs and user-generated artwork that depicted the ghost triumphing over conservative symbols, thereby transforming a tool of derision into a viral badge of defiance.[10][5] Social media communities, including Reddit's r/lgbt subreddit, amplified the reclamation by sharing stories of the symbol's shift from hate to acceptance, encouraging widespread adoption during Pride events and online discussions. This grassroots effort not only neutralized Vox's messaging but also embedded Gaysper in digital LGBT culture, with users creating profiles and content featuring the ghost on dating apps and forums to highlight community solidarity.[13]Adoption in Pride Culture
Following the 2019 Vox controversy, Gaysper was rapidly reclaimed by LGBT communities as a symbol of resistance and empowerment, integrating into online pride expressions through memes and digital artwork that mocked far-right opposition.[10][5] Social media users employed the hashtag #Gaysper to disseminate content portraying the rainbow ghost as a cute, defiant icon, shifting its connotation from adversarial to celebratory within queer digital spaces.[1] In May 2019, shortly after the initial backlash, open-source projects emerged creating Gaysper variants adapted to specific pride flags, including those for aromantic, asexual, bisexual, and other identities, facilitating broader adoption across subcommunities.[4] These modifications, rendered as happy ghost figures in corresponding flag colors, were shared on platforms like GitHub, enabling customization for personal and group expressions of identity during pride-related activities. Merchandise incorporating Gaysper, such as t-shirts and stickers featuring the rainbow ghost, became available for purchase, allowing wearers to display it at pride gatherings and in everyday advocacy.[10] This commercialization underscored its transition into a staple of pride material culture, with designs emphasizing its origins as a reclaimed emblem against political hostility.[1] By late 2019, Gaysper appeared in diverse formats like 3D-printable models, further embedding it in tangible pride artifacts.[1]Cultural Impact and Variations
Merchandise and Digital Expansions
Following its reclamation as an LGBT symbol, Gaysper has inspired a range of physical merchandise sold through online platforms. Items include t-shirts, hoodies, stickers, enamel pins, buttons, magnets, bags, posters, and bracelets, often featuring the rainbow ghost design or variants adapted to specific pride flags.[14][15][16] For instance, unisex tees with the Gaysper motif on a rainbow background are available on eBay and Amazon, marketed for pride events and community support.[17][18] Enamel pins depicting Gaysper with queer pride colors are offered by specialty shops like Hunky Tops and The Feisty Collective, emphasizing its origins in countering far-right usage.[19][20] Digital expansions of Gaysper extend its use beyond physical products into graphic design and online customization. Vector files, such as SVGs of Gaysper variants for flags representing asexual, bisexual, agender, aromantic, and other identities, are shared via repositories like GitHub, enabling users to create custom prints or digital art.[4] Commercial sites provide downloadable or printable sticker designs and layered vinyl SVGs for crafting, including keychain-sized pride motifs.[21] These adaptations, often termed "Gaysper and friends" (e.g., Bisper for bisexual), proliferated on platforms like Redbubble for digital-to-physical sticker applications, facilitating memetic spread in social media and personal devices.[22]Global Spread and Memetic Evolution
Following the 2019 reclamation in Spain, Gaysper achieved international recognition through social media dissemination and coverage in outlets such as The Guardian on May 2, 2019, and BuzzFeed News on May 3, 2019, which highlighted its transformation from a partisan symbol to an LGBT emblem.[10][3] This exposure facilitated its adoption in English-speaking online communities, including Reddit's r/lgbt and r/lgbtmemes subreddits, where users shared memes portraying Gaysper as a cute, resilient figure countering conservative imagery.[13][23] The meme's global footprint extended via digital merchandise and fan creations; by late April 2019, rainbow Gaysper designs appeared on platforms like Amazon, available for international purchase as stickers, apparel, and notebooks.[24] Further, 3D-printable models and emoji variants emerged on sites like MakerWorld and Tumblr, enabling customization and broader digital sharing beyond Spanish borders.[25][26] Memetically, Gaysper evolved from a static rainbow ghost to a modular template, with creators producing variants aligned to specific identities—such as bisexual ("Bisper") or transgender flags—documented in a May 10, 2019, GitHub repository compiling sixteen pride flag adaptations as "very happy ghosts."[4] This proliferation, tracked in meme archives like Know Your Meme since May 1, 2019, underscores its adaptability, shifting from reactive mockery of political opponents to proactive expressions of community pride in online discourse worldwide.[1]Reception and Debates
Support from Progressive and LGBT Viewpoints
Members of the LGBT community expressed support for Gaysper as a reclaimed symbol of defiance and pride following its unintended popularization. In response to Vox's April 28, 2019, tweet depicting the rainbow-colored ghost emoji to represent electoral adversaries including LGBT individuals, queer and trans social media users launched the #Gaysper hashtag campaign, generating memes that transformed the image from a marker of opposition into an emblem of acceptance and resilience.[5] This reclamation was viewed within LGBT circles as a successful subversion of right-wing symbolism, with participants highlighting the ghost's "cute" aesthetic as incompatible with hate, thereby neutralizing Vox's intent through humor and visibility.[13] Community-driven content emphasized Gaysper's role in fostering unity, as evidenced by its integration into pride-themed merchandise like enamel pins, stickers, and apparel sold on platforms supporting LGBT causes.[15] Progressive commentators and outlets framed the phenomenon as an exemplar of grassroots cultural resistance, arguing that online mobilization allowed marginalized groups to repurpose symbols of exclusion for empowerment, with the rapid spread of #Gaysper memes underscoring the inefficacy of partisan iconography against collective creativity.[5] Such support persisted in digital spaces, where Gaysper variants appeared in discussions of pride symbolism, reinforcing its status as a lighthearted counter to political antagonism without formal institutional endorsement.[27]Criticisms from Conservative Perspectives
Conservatives, exemplified by Spain's Vox party, have critiqued symbols like the rainbow ghost—subsequently reclaimed as Gaysper—as emblems of an overreaching LGBT ideology that intrudes into public life and education, potentially confusing children on biological sex distinctions. In a tweet posted on April 28, 2019, ahead of European Parliament elections, Vox depicted the rainbow ghost alongside other icons such as the feminist fist and gender equality symbols, urging supporters to engage in a "battle" against these as threats to traditional family structures and national sovereignty.[1][3] The party argued that such symbols represent not mere expressions of tolerance but an aggressive agenda imposing contested views on gender fluidity, which Vox contends contradicts immutable biological realities.[28] Vox's platform explicitly opposes expanding LGBT rights beyond civil unions for same-sex couples, rejecting marriage equality, adoption by same-sex pairs, and state-funded gender transition procedures on grounds that these policies prioritize ideology over evidence-based child welfare and family norms. Party leader Santiago Abascal has articulated support for individual homosexuals while decrying "LGBT activism" as a form of indoctrination that undermines parental rights and societal cohesion, particularly through school curricula promoting gender theory.[29][30] In regions where Vox holds influence, such as Castilla y León, the party has pushed to eliminate regional LGBT laws and remove rainbow flags from public institutions, viewing them as partisan impositions rather than neutral inclusivity measures.[31] This stance reflects broader conservative concerns that the cultural elevation of symbols like Gaysper fosters identity-based divisions, diverting focus from economic and security priorities while challenging empirical understandings of sex as binary and reproductive. Vox maintains that opposition to such symbolism stems from defending freedom of speech and thought against what they term an "LGTBI dictatorship," rather than animus toward consensual adult relationships.[32] Despite the meme's reclamation, Vox persisted in 2023 electoral campaigns with pledges to repeal expansive LGBT legislation, prioritizing policies aligned with what the party describes as Spain's Judeo-Christian heritage and scientific consensus on human biology.[33]Broader Implications for Political Symbolism
The emergence and reclamation of Gaysper exemplify the contested nature of political symbols in digital spaces, where attempts to deploy imagery for exclusionary purposes can provoke rapid counter-appropriation. On April 30, 2019, Spain's Vox party tweeted a rainbow-colored ghost emoji alongside a sword to depict LGBT activism as a haunting threat to traditional family values during election campaigning.[5] Within hours, LGBT social media users launched the #Gaysper hashtag, generating memes that recast the symbol as a cute, defiant icon of queer resilience against political opposition.[1] This inversion highlights how viral internet culture enables marginalized groups to seize and redefine symbols, undermining the original propagandistic intent.[5] Gaysper's case parallels broader patterns in memetic symbolism, such as the multifaceted reinterpretations of Pepe the Frog, which transitioned from a benign cartoon to a contested political emblem across ideologies.[34] Politically, it demonstrates the risks for parties relying on simplistic visual rhetoric, as online communities can amplify ironic reclamation to erode symbolic authority, fostering decentralized narratives that evade centralized control.[1] Such dynamics challenge traditional political communication strategies, where symbols once controlled by elites or media now evolve through collective digital participation, often prioritizing humor and subversion over solemn ideology.[34] In terms of causal impact on symbolism, Gaysper's success as a reclaimed LGBT emblem illustrates how perceived threats can galvanize identity-based solidarity, transforming potential liabilities into assets for mobilization. However, its memetic origins also suggest limitations: transient virality may prevent enduring institutional adoption, as symbols rooted in irony risk dilution amid shifting online trends.[1] This fluidity underscores a key implication for political actors—across the spectrum—that symbols in the internet age possess inherent instability, demanding adaptive strategies to navigate reclamation and contestation rather than presuming fixed meanings.[34]References
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gaysper.svg