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KS X 1001
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KS X 1001
MIME / IANAks_c_5601-1987
Alias(es)KS C 5601
Languages
Partial support:
StandardKS X 1001
ClassificationISO-2022-compatible DBCS, CJK encoding
Encoding formats
Preceded byN-byte Hangul code (KS C 5601-1974)
Other related encodingsAssociated supplements: KS X 1002
Other Hangul ISO 2022 DBCSes:
Other CJK ISO 2022 DBCSes:

KS X 1001, "Code for Information Interchange (Hangul and Hanja)",[d][1] formerly called KS C 5601, is a South Korean coded character set standard to represent Hangul and Hanja characters on a computer.

KS X 1001 is encoded by the most common legacy (pre-Unicode) character encodings for Korean, including EUC-KR and Microsoft's Unified Hangul Code (UHC). It contains Korean Hangul syllables, CJK ideographs (Hanja), Greek, Cyrillic, Japanese (Hiragana and Katakana) and some other characters.

KS X 1001 is arranged as a 94×94 table, following the structure of 2-byte code words in ISO 2022 and EUC. Therefore, its code points are pairs of integers 1–94. However, some encodings (UHC and Johab), in addition to providing codes for every code point, provide additional codes for characters otherwise representable only as code point sequences.

History

[edit]

This standard was previously known as KS C 5601. There have been several revisions of this standard. For example, there were revisions in 1987, 1992, 1998 and 2002.

The present, double-byte, Wansung (완성; Wanseong; lit. precomposing)[1] character set was standardised by the third edition of KS C 5601,[2] which was published in 1986.[3] It is an ISO 2022 compatible encoding, typically used in EUC form, which assigns double-byte codes for non-Hangul, Hangul jamo, and the most common Hangul syllables, in contrast to Johab (조합; Johap; lit. combining)[1] which is not compatible with ISO 2022, but assigns double-byte codes to all Hangul syllables using modern jamo.[2] Wansung is technically a variable-length encoding, allowing other syllables to be represented with eight-byte sequences (using the jamo and Hangul Filler character), but this feature is not always implemented.[4]

The earliest edition of KS C 5601, published in 1974,[2] defined a variable-length[2] 7-bit character set which assigned single-byte code points to 51[3] basic Hangul jamo, somewhat analogously to JIS C 6220, in an encoding known as "N-byte Hangul".[5] The second edition, published in 1982, retained the main character set from the 1974 edition but defined two supplementary sets, including a version of Johab. Neither edition was adopted as widely as intended.[2]

Wansung was kept unchanged in the 1987 and 1992 editions. In the 1992 edition, additional annex material was added,[3] including the definition of the Johab encoding[6] in annex 3, and the older N-byte Hangul encoding in annex 4.[1][5] It was published in response to industry use of Johab as a competing encoding to Wansung, being used at the time by Hangul Word Processor. Following the introduction of Unified Hangul Code by Microsoft in Windows 95, and Hangul Word Processor abandoning Johab in favour of Unicode in 2000, Johab ceased to be commonly used.[2]

Encodings

[edit]

Encoding schemes of KS X 1001 include EUC-KR (in both ASCII and ISO 646-KR based variants, the latter of which includes a won currency sign (₩) at byte 0x5C rather than a backslash) and ISO-2022-KR,[7] as well as ISO-2022-JP-2 (which also encodes JIS X 0208 and JIS X 0212). These all have the drawback that they only assign codes for the 2350 precomposed Hangul syllables which have their own KS X 1001 codepoints (out of 11172 in total, not counting those using obsolete jamo), and require others to use eight-byte composition sequences, which are not supported by some partial implementations of the standard.[4]

The Johab encoding (stipulated in annex 3 of the 1992 version of the standard) and the EUC-KR superset known as Unified Hangul Code (UHC, also called Windows-949) provide single codes for all 11172 Hangul syllables.[7][6] ISO-2022-KR and Johab are rarely used. Some operating systems extend this standard in other non-uniform ways, e.g. the EUC-KR extensions MacKorean on the classic Mac OS, and IBM-949 by IBM.

Hangul Filler

[edit]

The Hangul Filler character is used to introduce eight-byte Hangul composition sequences[8][9] and to stand in for an absent element (usually an empty final) in such a sequence.[9]

Unicode includes the Wansung code Hangul Filler in the Hangul Compatibility Jamo block for round-trip compatibility, but uses its own system (with its own, differently used, filler characters) for composing Hangul. The KS X 1001 Hangul composition system is not used in Unicode, and the filler renders merely as an empty space; KS X 1001 composition sequences using modern jamo may be mapped to precomposed characters in Unicode.[9] This is not usually done with Unified Hangul Code.

For round-trip compatibility, Unicode also includes the N-byte Hangul code Hangul Filler separately in the Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms block, named the "Halfwidth Hangul Filler".

Wansung code charts

[edit]

Following are the code charts for KS X 1001 in Wansung layout. Where a pair of hexadecimal numbers is given, the smaller is used when encoded over GL (0x21-0x7E), as in ISO-2022-KR when the Korean set has been shifted to, and the larger is used in the more typical case of it being encoded over GR (0xA1-0xFE), as in EUC-KR or UHC. Johab changes the arrangement to encode all 11172 Hangul clusters separately and in order.

To illustrate vendor differences in implementation, multiple Unicode mappings are shown for some characters. Apple's HangulTalk extensions to the Wansung plane (i.e. where both bytes are in the 0xA1-0xFE range) are shown, but other HangulTalk extension ranges are not. The additional codes for composed syllables in Unified Hangul Code, and IBM's extensions in IBM-949, are also not shown, since both fall outside of the Wansung plane.

Lead bytes

[edit]
KS X 1001 (Wansung code)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
2x/Ax SP[e] 1-_ 2-_ 3-_ 4-_ 5-_ 6-_ 7-_ 8-_ 9-_ 10-_ 11-_ 12-_ 13-_ 14-_ 15-_
3x/Bx 16-_ 17-_ 18-_ 19-_ 20-_ 21-_ 22-_ 23-_ 24-_ 25-_ 26-_ 27-_ 28-_ 29-_ 30-_ 31-_
4x/Cx 32-_ 33-_ 34-_ 35-_ 36-_ 37-_ 38-_ 39-_ 40-_ 41-_ 42-_ 43-_ 44-_ 45-_ 46-_ 47-_
5x/Dx 48-_ 49-_ 50-_ 51-_ 52-_ 53-_ 54-_ 55-_ 56-_ 57-_ 58-_ 59-_ 60-_ 61-_ 62-_ 63-_
6x/Ex 64-_ 65-_ 66-_ 67-_ 68-_ 69-_ 70-_ 71-_ 72-_ 73-_ 74-_ 75-_ 76-_ 77-_ 78-_ 79-_
7x/Fx 80-_ 81-_ 82-_ 83-_ 84-_ 85-_ 86-_ 87-_ 88-_ 89-_ 90-_ 91-_ 92-_ 93-_ 94-_ DEL[e]

Non-Hanja non-precomposed sets

[edit]

The rows 41 and 94 may be used for user-defined purposes.[10]

Character set 0x21 / 0xA1 (row number 1, special characters)

[edit]

This set contains punctuation and other symbols, excluding punctuation present in KS X 1003 (which is included in row 3). Encodings which combine KS X 1001 with single-byte ASCII may use alternative Unicode mapping to the Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms block for the backslash. Unicode mapping of the wave dash (tilde dash) also differs between vendors, and may be U+301C (favoured by IBM and Apple)[11][12][13] or U+223C (favoured by Microsoft).[14][15] Compare the similar but not identical handling of the JIS wave dash, and the handling of the tilde in the next row.

Except for the backslash, if two mappings are shown below, the first is used by Apple and the second is used by Microsoft.[13][15]

KS X 1001 (prefixed with 0x21 / 0xA1)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
2x/Ax IDSP 、 。 · ‥ … ¨ 〃 –/SHY —/― ‖/∥ \/＼ 〜/∼ ‘ ’
3x/Bx “ ” 〔 〕 〈 〉 《 》 「 」 『 』 【 】 ± ×
4x/Cx ÷ ≠ ≤ ≥ ∞ ∴ ° ′ ″ ℃ Å ¢/￠ £/￡ ¥/￥ ♂ ♀
5x/Dx ∠ ⊥ ⌒ ∂ ∇ ≡ ≒ § ※ ☆ ★ ○ ● ◎ ◇ ◆
6x/Ex □ ■ △ ▲ ▽ ▼ → ← ↑ ↓ ↔ 〓 ≪ ≫ √ ∽
7x/Fx ∝ ∵ ∫ ∬ ∈ ∋ ⊆ ⊇ ⊂ ⊃ ∪ ∩ ∧ ∨ ¬/￢

Character set 0x22 / 0xA2 (row number 2, special characters)

[edit]

This set contains additional punctuation and symbols. Similarly to the tilde character in the previous row, different mappings are used by Apple and Microsoft for the tilde character in this row (U+02DC by Apple, FF5E by Microsoft),[13][15] which is intended to be shown as a raised tilde, whereas the tilde in the previous row is intended to be shown in-line at dash height.[10] Mapping of the circled dot also differs.[13][15]

The euro and registered trademark sign were added to the standard in 1998, while the Korean postal mark (㉾) was added in 2002.[1] These three code points, as with the still-unused code points, have been put to use for other, non-standard, purposes by vendors, e.g. for boxed list markers by Apple.[16] Microsoft updated its Unified Hangul Code implementation to add the 1998 additions including the euro sign, but did not add the Korean postal mark when it was added to the standard.[17]

KS X 1001 (prefixed with 0x22 / 0xA2)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
2x/Ax ⇒ ⇔ ∀ ∃ ´ ˜/～ ˇ ˘ ˝ ˚ ˙ ¸ ˛ ¡ ¿
3x/Bx ː ∮ ∑ ∏ ¤ ℉ ‰ ◁ ◀ ▷ ▶ ♤ ♠ ♡ ♥ ♧
4x/Cx ♣ ◉/⊙ ◈ ▣ ◐ ◑ ▒ ▤ ▥ ▨ ▧ ▦ ▩ ♨ ☏ ☎
5x/Dx ☜ ☞ † ‡ ↕ ↗ ↙ ↖ ↘ ♭ ♩ ♪ ♬ ㉿ ㈜
6x/Ex № ㏇ ™ ㏂ ㏘ ℡ €/1⃞[f] ®/2⃞[f] ㉾/3⃞[f] 4⃞[f] 5⃞[f] 6⃞[f] 7⃞[f] 8⃞[f] 9⃞[f] [10][g]
7x/Fx [11][g] [12][g] [13][g] [14][g] [15][g] [16][g] [17][g] [18][g] [19][g] [20][g] [h] 𝄂[i] 𝄃[j] ⋮ ∷
  Additions by Apple
  Later standard additions colliding with Apple additions

Character set 0x23 / 0xA3 (row number 3, basic Latin / ISO 646-KR)

[edit]

This set corresponds to KS X 1003 (the ISO 646 variant for Korean, a similar set to ASCII), but as two-byte codes preceded by 0x23 (or 0xA3 in GR-invoked (EUC) form). It includes the English alphabet / Basic Latin alphabet, western Arabic numerals and punctuation.

Compare the Roman set of JIS X 0201, which differs by including a Yen sign rather than a Won sign. Contrast the third rows of KPS 9566 and of JIS X 0208, which follow the ISO 646 layout but only include letters and digits.

KS X 1001 (prefixed with 0x23 / 0xA3); non-fullwidth mappings
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
2x/Ax ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . /
3x/Bx 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
4x/Cx @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
5x/Dx P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ ₩ ] ^ _
6x/Ex ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o
7x/Fx p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ‾

Encodings such as EUC-KR and UHC combine KS X 1001 with single-byte ASCII or KS X 1003, and hence use alternative Unicode mappings to the Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms block for the double-byte representations of these characters.

KS X 1001 (prefixed with 0x23 / 0xA3); fullwidth mappings
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
2x/Ax ！ ＂ ＃ ＄ ％ ＆ ＇ （ ） ＊ ＋ ， － ． ／
3x/Bx ０ １ ２ ３ ４ ５ ６ ７ ８ ９ ： ； ＜ ＝ ＞ ？
4x/Cx ＠ Ａ Ｂ Ｃ Ｄ Ｅ Ｆ Ｇ Ｈ Ｉ Ｊ Ｋ Ｌ Ｍ Ｎ Ｏ
5x/Dx Ｐ Ｑ Ｒ Ｓ Ｔ Ｕ Ｖ Ｗ Ｘ Ｙ Ｚ ［ ￦ ］ ＾ ＿
6x/Ex ｀ ａ ｂ ｃ ｄ ｅ ｆ ｇ ｈ ｉ ｊ ｋ ｌ ｍ ｎ ｏ
7x/Fx ｐ ｑ ｒ ｓ ｔ ｕ ｖ ｗ ｘ ｙ ｚ ｛ ｜ ｝ ￣

Character set 0x24 / 0xA4 (row number 4, Hangul jamo)

[edit]

This set includes modern Hangul consonants, followed by vowels, both ordered by South Korean collation customs, followed by obsolete consonants. When used individually, these characters map to the Unicode Hangul Compatibility Jamo block, and do not have a one-to-one mapping with the position-specific characters in the Hangul Jamo block. Compare with row 4 of the North Korean KPS 9566. Character 04-52 is a Hangul Filler (see above), used in combining sequences.

KS X 1001 (prefixed with 0x24 / 0xA4)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
2x/Ax ㄱ
3131 		ㄲ
3132 		ㄳ
3133 		ㄴ
3134 		ㄵ
3135 		ㄶ
3136 		ㄷ
3137 		ㄸ
3138 		ㄹ
3139 		ㄺ
313A 		ㄻ
313B 		ㄼ
313C 		ㄽ
313D 		ㄾ
313E 		ㄿ
313F
3x/Bx ㅀ
3140 		ㅁ
3141 		ㅂ
3142 		ㅃ
3143 		ㅄ
3144 		ㅅ
3145 		ㅆ
3146 		ㅇ
3147 		ㅈ
3148 		ㅉ
3149 		ㅊ
314A 		ㅋ
314B 		ㅌ
314C 		ㅍ
314D 		ㅎ
314E 		ㅏ
314F
4x/Cx ㅐ
3150 		ㅑ
3151 		ㅒ
3152 		ㅓ
3153 		ㅔ
3154 		ㅕ
3155 		ㅖ
3156 		ㅗ
3157 		ㅘ
3158 		ㅙ
3159 		ㅚ
315A 		ㅛ
315B 		ㅜ
315C 		ㅝ
315D 		ㅞ
315E 		ㅟ
315F
5x/Dx ㅠ
3160 		ㅡ
3161 		ㅢ
3162 		ㅣ
3163 		HF
3164 		ㅥ
3165 		ㅦ
3166 		ㅧ
3167 		ㅨ
3168 		ㅩ
3169 		ㅪ
316A 		ㅫ
316B 		ㅬ
316C 		ㅭ
316D 		ㅮ
316E 		ㅯ
316F
6x/Ex ㅰ
3170 		ㅱ
3171 		ㅲ
3172 		ㅳ
3173 		ㅴ
3174 		ㅵ
3175 		ㅶ
3176 		ㅷ
3177 		ㅸ
3178 		ㅹ
3179 		ㅺ
317A 		ㅻ
317B 		ㅼ
317C 		ㅽ
317D 		ㅾ
317E 		ㅿ
317F
7x/Fx ㆀ
3180 		ㆁ
3181 		ㆂ
3182 		ㆃ
3183 		ㆄ
3184 		ㆅ
3185 		ㆆ
3186 		ㆇ
3187 		ㆈ
3188 		ㆉ
3189 		ㆊ
318A 		ㆋ
318B 		ㆌ
318C 		ㆍ
318D 		ㆎ
318E

Character set 0x25 / 0xA5 (row number 5, Roman numerals and Greek)

[edit]

This set contains Roman numerals and basic support for the Greek alphabet, without diacritics or the final sigma. Apple includes some additional punctuation in this row, as well as some black circled list markers continuing from those in row 6.[16]

Contrast row 6 of KPS 9566, which includes the same characters but in a different layout.

KS X 1001 (prefixed with 0x25 / 0xA5)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
2x/Ax ⅰ ⅱ ⅲ ⅳ ⅴ ⅵ ⅶ ⅷ ⅸ ⅹ
3x/Bx Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ Ⅶ Ⅷ Ⅸ Ⅹ
4x/Cx Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο
5x/Dx Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω ！︀[k] 。︀[l] ′[m] ″[m] ‴
6x/Ex α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο
7x/Fx π ρ σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω (27)[n] (28)[o] (29)[p] (30)[q]
  Additions by Apple

Character set 0x26 / 0xA6 (row number 6, box drawing)

[edit]
See also: Box-drawing character

This row contains characters for drawing boxes in a semigraphic context. Apple also includes some black circled list markers.[16]

KS X 1001 (prefixed with 0x26 / 0xA6)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
2x/Ax ─ │ ┌ ┐ ┘ └ ├ ┬ ┤ ┴ ┼ ━ ┃ ┏ ┓
3x/Bx ┛ ┗ ┣ ┳ ┫ ┻ ╋ ┠ ┯ ┨ ┷ ┿ ┝ ┰ ┥ ┸
4x/Cx ╂ ┒ ┑ ┚ ┙ ┖ ┕ ┎ ┍ ┞ ┟ ┡ ┢ ┦ ┧ ┩
5x/Dx ┪ ┭ ┮ ┱ ┲ ┵ ┶ ┹ ┺ ┽ ┾ ╀ ╁ ╃ ╄ ╅
6x/Ex ╆ ╇ ╈ ╉ ╊ ❶ ❷ ❸ ❹ ❺ ❻ ❼ ❽ ❾ ❿ ⓫
7x/Fx ⓬ ⓭ ⓮ ⓯ ⓰ ⓱ ⓲ ⓳ ⓴ (21)[r] (22)[s] (23)[t] (24)[u] (25)[v] (26)[w]
  Additions by Apple

Character set 0x27 / 0xA7 (row number 7, unit symbols)

[edit]
See also: CJK Compatibility (Unicode block)

This row contains unit symbols as single characters, including those which consist of multiple letters. Apple also includes some circled list markers continuing from those in row 8.[16]

Compare and contrast with the repertoire of unit symbols included in row 8 of KPS 9566.

KS X 1001 (prefixed with 0x27 / 0xA7)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
2x/Ax ㎕ ㎖ ㎗ ℓ ㎘ ㏄ ㎣ ㎤ ㎥ ㎦ ㎙ ㎚ ㎛ ㎜ ㎝
3x/Bx ㎞ ㎟ ㎠ ㎡ ㎢ ㏊ ㎍ ㎎ ㎏ ㏏ ㎈ ㎉ ㏈ ㎧ ㎨ ㎰
4x/Cx ㎱ ㎲ ㎳ ㎴ ㎵ ㎶ ㎷ ㎸ ㎹ ㎀ ㎁ ㎂ ㎃ ㎄ ㎺ ㎻
5x/Dx ㎼ ㎽ ㎾ ㎿ ㎐ ㎑ ㎒ ㎓ ㎔ Ω ㏀ ㏁ ㎊ ㎋ ㎌ ㏖
6x/Ex ㏅ ㎭ ㎮ ㎯ ㏛ ㎩ ㎪ ㎫ ㎬ ㏝ ㏐ ㏓ ㏃ ㏉ ㏜ ㏆
7x/Fx ⑯ ⑰ ⑱ ⑲ ⑳ ㉑ ㉒ ㉓ ㉔ ㉕ ㉖ ㉗ ㉘ ㉙ ㉚
  Additions by Apple

Character set 0x28 / 0xA8 (row number 8, extended Latin, encircled, fractions)

[edit]
KS X 1001 (prefixed with 0x28 / 0xA8)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
2x/Ax Æ Ð ª Ħ IJ Ŀ Ł Ø Œ º Þ Ŧ Ŋ
3x/Bx ㉠ ㉡ ㉢ ㉣ ㉤ ㉥ ㉦ ㉧ ㉨ ㉩ ㉪ ㉫ ㉬ ㉭ ㉮
4x/Cx ㉯ ㉰ ㉱ ㉲ ㉳ ㉴ ㉵ ㉶ ㉷ ㉸ ㉹ ㉺ ㉻ ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
5x/Dx ⓓ ⓔ ⓕ ⓖ ⓗ ⓘ ⓙ ⓚ ⓛ ⓜ ⓝ ⓞ ⓟ ⓠ ⓡ ⓢ
6x/Ex ⓣ ⓤ ⓥ ⓦ ⓧ ⓨ ⓩ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨
7x/Fx ⑩ ⑪ ⑫ ⑬ ⑭ ⑮ ½ ⅓ ⅔ ¼ ¾ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞

Character set 0x29 / 0xA9 (row number 9, extended Latin, encircled, superscript and subscript)

[edit]
KS X 1001 (prefixed with 0x29 / 0xA9)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
2x/Ax æ đ ð ħ ı ij ĸ ŀ ł ø œ ß þ ŧ ŋ
3x/Bx ʼn ㈀ ㈁ ㈂ ㈃ ㈄ ㈅ ㈆ ㈇ ㈈ ㈉ ㈊ ㈋ ㈌ ㈍ ㈎
4x/Cx ㈏ ㈐ ㈑ ㈒ ㈓ ㈔ ㈕ ㈖ ㈗ ㈘ ㈙ ㈚ ㈛ ⒜ ⒝ ⒞
5x/Dx ⒟ ⒠ ⒡ ⒢ ⒣ ⒤ ⒥ ⒦ ⒧ ⒨ ⒩ ⒪ ⒫ ⒬ ⒭ ⒮
6x/Ex ⒯ ⒰ ⒱ ⒲ ⒳ ⒴ ⒵ ⑴ ⑵ ⑶ ⑷ ⑸ ⑹ ⑺ ⑻ ⑼
7x/Fx ⑽ ⑾ ⑿ ⒀ ⒁ ⒂ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁿ ₁ ₂ ₃ ₄

Character set 0x2A / 0xAA (row number 10, Hiragana)

[edit]

This set contains Hiragana for writing the Japanese language. Apple also includes some bracketed list markers continuing from those in row 9.[16]

Compare row 10 of KPS 9566, which uses the same layout. Compare and contrast row 4 of JIS X 0208, which also uses the same layout, but in a different row.

KS X 1001 (prefixed with 0x2A / 0xAA)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
2x/Ax ぁ あ ぃ い ぅ う ぇ え ぉ お か が き ぎ く
3x/Bx ぐ け げ こ ご さ ざ し じ す ず せ ぜ そ ぞ た
4x/Cx だ ち ぢ っ つ づ て で と ど な に ぬ ね の は
5x/Dx ば ぱ ひ び ぴ ふ ぶ ぷ へ べ ぺ ほ ぼ ぽ ま み
6x/Ex む め も ゃ や ゅ ゆ ょ よ ら り る れ ろ ゎ わ
7x/Fx ゐ ゑ を ん ⒃ ⒄ ⒅ ⒆ ⒇ (21)[x] (22)[x] (23)[x] (24)[x] (25)[x] (26)[x]
  Additions by Apple

Character set 0x2B / 0xAB (row number 11, Katakana)

[edit]

This set contains katakana for writing the Japanese language. However, the Japanese long vowel mark, which is used in katakana text and included in row 1 of JIS X 0208, is not included.[20] Apple also includes some bracketed list markers continuing from those in rows 9 and 10.[16]

Compare row 11 of KPS 9566, which uses the same layout. Compare and contrast row 5 of JIS X 0208, which also uses the same layout, but in a different row.

KS X 1001 (prefixed with 0x2B / 0xAB)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
2x/Ax ァ ア ィ イ ゥ ウ ェ エ ォ オ カ ガ キ ギ ク
3x/Bx グ ケ ゲ コ ゴ サ ザ シ ジ ス ズ セ ゼ ソ ゾ タ
4x/Cx ダ チ ヂ ッ ツ ヅ テ デ ト ド ナ ニ ヌ ネ ノ ハ
5x/Dx バ パ ヒ ビ ピ フ ブ プ ヘ ベ ペ ホ ボ ポ マ ミ
6x/Ex ム メ モ ャ ヤ ュ ユ ョ ヨ ラ リ ル レ ロ ヮ ワ
7x/Fx ヰ ヱ ヲ ン ヴ ヵ ヶ (27)[x] (28)[x] (29)[x] (30)[x]
  Additions by Apple

Character set 0x2C / 0xAC (row number 12, Cyrillic)

[edit]

This set contains the modern Russian alphabet, and is not necessarily sufficient to represent other forms of the Cyrillic script. Apple also includes some black boxed list markers.[16]

Compare row 5 of KPS 9566 and row 7 of JIS X 0208, which use the same layout (but in a different row).

KS X 1001 (prefixed with 0x2C / 0xAC)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
2x/Ax А Б В Г Д Е Ё Ж З И Й К Л М Н
3x/Bx О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э
4x/Cx Ю Я 1⃞[y] 2⃞[y] 3⃞[y] 4⃞[y] 5⃞[y] 6⃞[y] 7⃞[y] 8⃞[y] 9⃞[y] [10][z] [11][z] [12][z] [13][z] [14][z]
5x/Dx [15][z] а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н
6x/Ex о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э
7x/Fx ю я [16][z] [17][z] [18][z] [19][z] [20][z]
  Additions by Apple

Extended character set 0x2D / 0xAD (row number 13, Apple additional punctuation)

[edit]
Apple additions to KS X 1001 (prefixed with 0x2D / 0xAD)[16]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
2x/Ax 「[aa] 」[aa] 『[aa] 』[aa] ⇨[ab] ⇦[ab] ⇧[ab] ⇩[ab] 〞 〟 ‶ ″[ac] ‵ ′[ac] 🠩[ad]
3x/Bx ![ae]

Precomposed Hangul sets (rows number 16 through 40)

[edit]
See also: List of modern Hangul characters in ISO/IEC 2022–compliant national character set standards

Code points for precomposed Hangul are included in a continuous sorted block between code points 16-01 and 40-94 inclusive. Not all possible syllable clusters are included in this range. Compare the different ordering and availability in KPS 9566.

Initial+vowel+final syllables 뢨, 썅, 쏀, 쓩, and 쭁 are included but their initial+vowel counterparts 뢔, 쌰, 쎼, 쓔, and 쬬 are not. This can cause a problem with inputting, because input methods have to go through an initial+vowel syllable first in order to get to an initial+vowel+final syllable (e.g. ㅎ → 하 → 한).

Those which are not listed here may be represented using eight-byte composition sequences. All other modern-jamo clusters are assigned codes elsewhere by UHC. All possible modern-jamo clusters are assigned codes by Johab.

KS X 1001 (precomposed Hangul syllables)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
302x/B0Ax 가
AC00 		각
AC01 		간
AC04 		갇
AC07 		갈
AC08 		갉
AC09 		갊
AC0A 		감
AC10 		갑
AC11 		값
AC12 		갓
AC13 		갔
AC14 		강
AC15 		갖
AC16 		갗
AC17
303x/B0Bx 같
AC19 		갚
AC1A 		갛
AC1B 		개
AC1C 		객
AC1D 		갠
AC20 		갤
AC24 		갬
AC2C 		갭
AC2D 		갯
AC2F 		갰
AC30 		갱
AC31 		갸
AC38 		갹
AC39 		갼
AC3C 		걀
AC40
304x/B0Cx 걋
AC4B 		걍
AC4D 		걔
AC54 		걘
AC58 		걜
AC5C 		거
AC70 		걱
AC71 		건
AC74 		걷
AC77 		걸
AC78 		걺
AC7A 		검
AC80 		겁
AC81 		것
AC83 		겄
AC84 		겅
AC85
305x/B0Dx 겆
AC86 		겉
AC89 		겊
AC8A 		겋
AC8B 		게
AC8C 		겐
AC90 		겔
AC94 		겜
AC9C 		겝
AC9D 		겟
AC9F 		겠
ACA0 		겡
ACA1 		겨
ACA8 		격
ACA9 		겪
ACAA 		견
ACAC
306x/B0Ex 겯
ACAF 		결
ACB0 		겸
ACB8 		겹
ACB9 		겻
ACBB 		겼
ACBC 		경
ACBD 		곁
ACC1 		계
ACC4 		곈
ACC8 		곌
ACCC 		곕
ACD5 		곗
ACD7 		고
ACE0 		곡
ACE1 		곤
ACE4
307x/B0Fx 곧
ACE7 		골
ACE8 		곪
ACEA 		곬
ACEC 		곯
ACEF 		곰
ACF0 		곱
ACF1 		곳
ACF3 		공
ACF5 		곶
ACF6 		과
ACFC 		곽
ACFD 		관
AD00 		괄
AD04 		괆
AD06
312x/B1Ax 괌
AD0C 		괍
AD0D 		괏
AD0F 		광
AD11 		괘
AD18 		괜
AD1C 		괠
AD20 		괩
AD29 		괬
AD2C 		괭
AD2D 		괴
AD34 		괵
AD35 		괸
AD38 		괼
AD3C 		굄
AD44
313x/B1Bx 굅
AD45 		굇
AD47 		굉
AD49 		교
AD50 		굔
AD54 		굘
AD58 		굡
AD61 		굣
AD63 		구
AD6C 		국
AD6D 		군
AD70 		굳
AD73 		굴
AD74 		굵
AD75 		굶
AD76 		굻
AD7B
314x/B1Cx 굼
AD7C 		굽
AD7D 		굿
AD7F 		궁
AD81 		궂
AD82 		궈
AD88 		궉
AD89 		권
AD8C 		궐
AD90 		궜
AD9C 		궝
AD9D 		궤
ADA4 		궷
ADB7 		귀
ADC0 		귁
ADC1 		귄
ADC4
315x/B1Dx 귈
ADC8 		귐
ADD0 		귑
ADD1 		귓
ADD3 		규
ADDC 		균
ADE0 		귤
ADE4 		그
ADF8 		극
ADF9 		근
ADFC 		귿
ADFF 		글
AE00 		긁
AE01 		금
AE08 		급
AE09 		긋
AE0B
316x/B1Ex 긍
AE0D 		긔
AE14 		기
AE30 		긱
AE31 		긴
AE34 		긷
AE37 		길
AE38 		긺
AE3A 		김
AE40 		깁
AE41 		깃
AE43 		깅
AE45 		깆
AE46 		깊
AE4A 		까
AE4C 		깍
AE4D
317x/B1Fx 깎
AE4E 		깐
AE50 		깔
AE54 		깖
AE56 		깜
AE5C 		깝
AE5D 		깟
AE5F 		깠
AE60 		깡
AE61 		깥
AE65 		깨
AE68 		깩
AE69 		깬
AE6C 		깰
AE70 		깸
AE78
322x/B2Ax 깹
AE79 		깻
AE7B 		깼
AE7C 		깽
AE7D 		꺄
AE84 		꺅
AE85 		꺌
AE8C 		꺼
AEBC 		꺽
AEBD 		꺾
AEBE 		껀
AEC0 		껄
AEC4 		껌
AECC 		껍
AECD 		껏
AECF
323x/B2Bx 껐
AED0 		껑
AED1 		께
AED8 		껙
AED9 		껜
AEDC 		껨
AEE8 		껫
AEEB 		껭
AEED 		껴
AEF4 		껸
AEF8 		껼
AEFC 		꼇
AF07 		꼈
AF08 		꼍
AF0D 		꼐
AF10 		꼬
AF2C
324x/B2Cx 꼭
AF2D 		꼰
AF30 		꼲
AF32 		꼴
AF34 		꼼
AF3C 		꼽
AF3D 		꼿
AF3F 		꽁
AF41 		꽂
AF42 		꽃
AF43 		꽈
AF48 		꽉
AF49 		꽐
AF50 		꽜
AF5C 		꽝
AF5D 		꽤
AF64
325x/B2Dx 꽥
AF65 		꽹
AF79 		꾀
AF80 		꾄
AF84 		꾈
AF88 		꾐
AF90 		꾑
AF91 		꾕
AF95 		꾜
AF9C 		꾸
AFB8 		꾹
AFB9 		꾼
AFBC 		꿀
AFC0 		꿇
AFC7 		꿈
AFC8 		꿉
AFC9
326x/B2Ex 꿋
AFCB 		꿍
AFCD 		꿎
AFCE 		꿔
AFD4 		꿜
AFDC 		꿨
AFE8 		꿩
AFE9 		꿰
AFF0 		꿱
AFF1 		꿴
AFF4 		꿸
AFF8 		뀀
B000 		뀁
B001 		뀄
B004 		뀌
B00C 		뀐
B010
327x/B2Fx 뀔
B014 		뀜
B01C 		뀝
B01D 		뀨
B028 		끄
B044 		끅
B045 		끈
B048 		끊
B04A 		끌
B04C 		끎
B04E 		끓
B053 		끔
B054 		끕
B055 		끗
B057 		끙
B059
332x/B3Ax 끝
B05D 		끼
B07C 		끽
B07D 		낀
B080 		낄
B084 		낌
B08C 		낍
B08D 		낏
B08F 		낑
B091 		나
B098 		낙
B099 		낚
B09A 		난
B09C 		낟
B09F 		날
B0A0
333x/B3Bx 낡
B0A1 		낢
B0A2 		남
B0A8 		납
B0A9 		낫
B0AB 		났
B0AC 		낭
B0AD 		낮
B0AE 		낯
B0AF 		낱
B0B1 		낳
B0B3 		내
B0B4 		낵
B0B5 		낸
B0B8 		낼
B0BC 		냄
B0C4
334x/B3Cx 냅
B0C5 		냇
B0C7 		냈
B0C8 		냉
B0C9 		냐
B0D0 		냑
B0D1 		냔
B0D4 		냘
B0D8 		냠
B0E0 		냥
B0E5 		너
B108 		넉
B109 		넋
B10B 		넌
B10C 		널
B110 		넒
B112
335x/B3Dx 넓
B113 		넘
B118 		넙
B119 		넛
B11B 		넜
B11C 		넝
B11D 		넣
B123 		네
B124 		넥
B125 		넨
B128 		넬
B12C 		넴
B134 		넵
B135 		넷
B137 		넸
B138 		넹
B139
336x/B3Ex 녀
B140 		녁
B141 		년
B144 		녈
B148 		념
B150 		녑
B151 		녔
B154 		녕
B155 		녘
B158 		녜
B15C 		녠
B160 		노
B178 		녹
B179 		논
B17C 		놀
B180 		놂
B182
337x/B3Fx 놈
B188 		놉
B189 		놋
B18B 		농
B18D 		높
B192 		놓
B193 		놔
B194 		놘
B198 		놜
B19C 		놨
B1A8 		뇌
B1CC 		뇐
B1D0 		뇔
B1D4 		뇜
B1DC 		뇝
B1DD
342x/B4Ax 뇟
B1DF 		뇨
B1E8 		뇩
B1E9 		뇬
B1EC 		뇰
B1F0 		뇹
B1F9 		뇻
B1FB 		뇽
B1FD 		누
B204 		눅
B205 		눈
B208 		눋
B20B 		눌
B20C 		눔
B214 		눕
B215
343x/B4Bx 눗
B217 		눙
B219 		눠
B220 		눴
B234 		눼
B23C 		뉘
B258 		뉜
B25C 		뉠
B260 		뉨
B268 		뉩
B269 		뉴
B274 		뉵
B275 		뉼
B27C 		늄
B284 		늅
B285 		늉
B289
344x/B4Cx 느
B290 		늑
B291 		는
B294 		늘
B298 		늙
B299 		늚
B29A 		늠
B2A0 		늡
B2A1 		늣
B2A3 		능
B2A5 		늦
B2A6 		늪
B2AA 		늬
B2AC 		늰
B2B0 		늴
B2B4 		니
B2C8
345x/B4Dx 닉
B2C9 		닌
B2CC 		닐
B2D0 		닒
B2D2 		님
B2D8 		닙
B2D9 		닛
B2DB 		닝
B2DD 		닢
B2E2 		다
B2E4 		닥
B2E5 		닦
B2E6 		단
B2E8 		닫
B2EB 		달
B2EC 		닭
B2ED
346x/B4Ex 닮
B2EE 		닯
B2EF 		닳
B2F3 		담
B2F4 		답
B2F5 		닷
B2F7 		닸
B2F8 		당
B2F9 		닺
B2FA 		닻
B2FB 		닿
B2FF 		대
B300 		댁
B301 		댄
B304 		댈
B308 		댐
B310
347x/B4Fx 댑
B311 		댓
B313 		댔
B314 		댕
B315 		댜
B31C 		더
B354 		덕
B355 		덖
B356 		던
B358 		덛
B35B 		덜
B35C 		덞
B35E 		덟
B35F 		덤
B364 		덥
B365
352x/B5Ax 덧
B367 		덩
B369 		덫
B36B 		덮
B36E 		데
B370 		덱
B371 		덴
B374 		델
B378 		뎀
B380 		뎁
B381 		뎃
B383 		뎄
B384 		뎅
B385 		뎌
B38C 		뎐
B390
353x/B5Bx 뎔
B394 		뎠
B3A0 		뎡
B3A1 		뎨
B3A8 		뎬
B3AC 		도
B3C4 		독
B3C5 		돈
B3C8 		돋
B3CB 		돌
B3CC 		돎
B3CE 		돐
B3D0 		돔
B3D4 		돕
B3D5 		돗
B3D7 		동
B3D9
354x/B5Cx 돛
B3DB 		돝
B3DD 		돠
B3E0 		돤
B3E4 		돨
B3E8 		돼
B3FC 		됐
B410 		되
B418 		된
B41C 		될
B420 		됨
B428 		됩
B429 		됫
B42B 		됴
B434 		두
B450 		둑
B451
355x/B5Dx 둔
B454 		둘
B458 		둠
B460 		둡
B461 		둣
B463 		둥
B465 		둬
B46C 		뒀
B480 		뒈
B488 		뒝
B49D 		뒤
B4A4 		뒨
B4A8 		뒬
B4AC 		뒵
B4B5 		뒷
B4B7 		뒹
B4B9
356x/B5Ex 듀
B4C0 		듄
B4C4 		듈
B4C8 		듐
B4D0 		듕
B4D5 		드
B4DC 		득
B4DD 		든
B4E0 		듣
B4E3 		들
B4E4 		듦
B4E6 		듬
B4EC 		듭
B4ED 		듯
B4EF 		등
B4F1 		듸
B4F8
357x/B5Fx 디
B514 		딕
B515 		딘
B518 		딛
B51B 		딜
B51C 		딤
B524 		딥
B525 		딧
B527 		딨
B528 		딩
B529 		딪
B52A 		따
B530 		딱
B531 		딴
B534 		딸
B538
362x/B6Ax 땀
B540 		땁
B541 		땃
B543 		땄
B544 		땅
B545 		땋
B54B 		때
B54C 		땍
B54D 		땐
B550 		땔
B554 		땜
B55C 		땝
B55D 		땟
B55F 		땠
B560 		땡
B561
363x/B6Bx 떠
B5A0 		떡
B5A1 		떤
B5A4 		떨
B5A8 		떪
B5AA 		떫
B5AB 		떰
B5B0 		떱
B5B1 		떳
B5B3 		떴
B5B4 		떵
B5B5 		떻
B5BB 		떼
B5BC 		떽
B5BD 		뗀
B5C0 		뗄
B5C4
364x/B6Cx 뗌
B5CC 		뗍
B5CD 		뗏
B5CF 		뗐
B5D0 		뗑
B5D1 		뗘
B5D8 		뗬
B5EC 		또
B610 		똑
B611 		똔
B614 		똘
B618 		똥
B625 		똬
B62C 		똴
B634 		뙈
B648 		뙤
B664
365x/B6Dx 뙨
B668 		뚜
B69C 		뚝
B69D 		뚠
B6A0 		뚤
B6A4 		뚫
B6AB 		뚬
B6AC 		뚱
B6B1 		뛔
B6D4 		뛰
B6F0 		뛴
B6F4 		뛸
B6F8 		뜀
B700 		뜁
B701 		뜅
B705 		뜨
B728
366x/B6Ex 뜩
B729 		뜬
B72C 		뜯
B72F 		뜰
B730 		뜸
B738 		뜹
B739 		뜻
B73B 		띄
B744 		띈
B748 		띌
B74C 		띔
B754 		띕
B755 		띠
B760 		띤
B764 		띨
B768 		띰
B770
367x/B6Fx 띱
B771 		띳
B773 		띵
B775 		라
B77C 		락
B77D 		란
B780 		랄
B784 		람
B78C 		랍
B78D 		랏
B78F 		랐
B790 		랑
B791 		랒
B792 		랖
B796 		랗
B797
372x/B7Ax 래
B798 		랙
B799 		랜
B79C 		랠
B7A0 		램
B7A8 		랩
B7A9 		랫
B7AB 		랬
B7AC 		랭
B7AD 		랴
B7B4 		략
B7B5 		랸
B7B8 		럇
B7C7 		량
B7C9 		러
B7EC
373x/B7Bx 럭
B7ED 		런
B7F0 		럴
B7F4 		럼
B7FC 		럽
B7FD 		럿
B7FF 		렀
B800 		렁
B801 		렇
B807 		레
B808 		렉
B809 		렌
B80C 		렐
B810 		렘
B818 		렙
B819 		렛
B81B
374x/B7Cx 렝
B81D 		려
B824 		력
B825 		련
B828 		렬
B82C 		렴
B834 		렵
B835 		렷
B837 		렸
B838 		령
B839 		례
B840 		롄
B844 		롑
B851 		롓
B853 		로
B85C 		록
B85D
375x/B7Dx 론
B860 		롤
B864 		롬
B86C 		롭
B86D 		롯
B86F 		롱
B871 		롸
B878 		롼
B87C 		뢍
B88D 		뢨
B8A8 		뢰
B8B0 		뢴
B8B4 		뢸
B8B8 		룀
B8C0 		룁
B8C1 		룃
B8C3
376x/B7Ex 룅
B8C5 		료
B8CC 		룐
B8D0 		룔
B8D4 		룝
B8DD 		룟
B8DF 		룡
B8E1 		루
B8E8 		룩
B8E9 		룬
B8EC 		룰
B8F0 		룸
B8F8 		룹
B8F9 		룻
B8FB 		룽
B8FD 		뤄
B904
377x/B7Fx 뤘
B918 		뤠
B920 		뤼
B93C 		뤽
B93D 		륀
B940 		륄
B944 		륌
B94C 		륏
B94F 		륑
B951 		류
B958 		륙
B959 		륜
B95C 		률
B960 		륨
B968 		륩
B969
382x/B8Ax 륫
B96B 		륭
B96D 		르
B974 		륵
B975 		른
B978 		를
B97C 		름
B984 		릅
B985 		릇
B987 		릉
B989 		릊
B98A 		릍
B98D 		릎
B98E 		리
B9AC 		릭
B9AD
383x/B8Bx 린
B9B0 		릴
B9B4 		림
B9BC 		립
B9BD 		릿
B9BF 		링
B9C1 		마
B9C8 		막
B9C9 		만
B9CC 		많
B9CE 		맏
B9CF 		말
B9D0 		맑
B9D1 		맒
B9D2 		맘
B9D8 		맙
B9D9
384x/B8Cx 맛
B9DB 		망
B9DD 		맞
B9DE 		맡
B9E1 		맣
B9E3 		매
B9E4 		맥
B9E5 		맨
B9E8 		맬
B9EC 		맴
B9F4 		맵
B9F5 		맷
B9F7 		맸
B9F8 		맹
B9F9 		맺
B9FA 		먀
BA00
385x/B8Dx 먁
BA01 		먈
BA08 		먕
BA15 		머
BA38 		먹
BA39 		먼
BA3C 		멀
BA40 		멂
BA42 		멈
BA48 		멉
BA49 		멋
BA4B 		멍
BA4D 		멎
BA4E 		멓
BA53 		메
BA54 		멕
BA55
386x/B8Ex 멘
BA58 		멜
BA5C 		멤
BA64 		멥
BA65 		멧
BA67 		멨
BA68 		멩
BA69 		며
BA70 		멱
BA71 		면
BA74 		멸
BA78 		몃
BA83 		몄
BA84 		명
BA85 		몇
BA87 		몌
BA8C
387x/B8Fx 모
BAA8 		목
BAA9 		몫
BAAB 		몬
BAAC 		몰
BAB0 		몲
BAB2 		몸
BAB8 		몹
BAB9 		못
BABB 		몽
BABD 		뫄
BAC4 		뫈
BAC8 		뫘
BAD8 		뫙
BAD9 		뫼
BAFC
392x/B9Ax 묀
BB00 		묄
BB04 		묍
BB0D 		묏
BB0F 		묑
BB11 		묘
BB18 		묜
BB1C 		묠
BB20 		묩
BB29 		묫
BB2B 		무
BB34 		묵
BB35 		묶
BB36 		문
BB38 		묻
BB3B
393x/B9Bx 물
BB3C 		묽
BB3D 		묾
BB3E 		뭄
BB44 		뭅
BB45 		뭇
BB47 		뭉
BB49 		뭍
BB4D 		뭏
BB4F 		뭐
BB50 		뭔
BB54 		뭘
BB58 		뭡
BB61 		뭣
BB63 		뭬
BB6C 		뮈
BB88
394x/B9Cx 뮌
BB8C 		뮐
BB90 		뮤
BBA4 		뮨
BBA8 		뮬
BBAC 		뮴
BBB4 		뮷
BBB7 		므
BBC0 		믄
BBC4 		믈
BBC8 		믐
BBD0 		믓
BBD3 		미
BBF8 		믹
BBF9 		민
BBFC 		믿
BBFF
395x/B9Dx 밀
BC00 		밂
BC02 		밈
BC08 		밉
BC09 		밋
BC0B 		밌
BC0C 		밍
BC0D 		및
BC0F 		밑
BC11 		바
BC14 		박
BC15 		밖
BC16 		밗
BC17 		반
BC18 		받
BC1B 		발
BC1C
396x/B9Ex 밝
BC1D 		밞
BC1E 		밟
BC1F 		밤
BC24 		밥
BC25 		밧
BC27 		방
BC29 		밭
BC2D 		배
BC30 		백
BC31 		밴
BC34 		밸
BC38 		뱀
BC40 		뱁
BC41 		뱃
BC43 		뱄
BC44
397x/B9Fx 뱅
BC45 		뱉
BC49 		뱌
BC4C 		뱍
BC4D 		뱐
BC50 		뱝
BC5D 		버
BC84 		벅
BC85 		번
BC88 		벋
BC8B 		벌
BC8C 		벎
BC8E 		범
BC94 		법
BC95 		벗
BC97
3A2x/BAAx 벙
BC99 		벚
BC9A 		베
BCA0 		벡
BCA1 		벤
BCA4 		벧
BCA7 		벨
BCA8 		벰
BCB0 		벱
BCB1 		벳
BCB3 		벴
BCB4 		벵
BCB5 		벼
BCBC 		벽
BCBD 		변
BCC0
3A3x/BABx 별
BCC4 		볍
BCCD 		볏
BCCF 		볐
BCD0 		병
BCD1 		볕
BCD5 		볘
BCD8 		볜
BCDC 		보
BCF4 		복
BCF5 		볶
BCF6 		본
BCF8 		볼
BCFC 		봄
BD04 		봅
BD05 		봇
BD07
3A4x/BACx 봉
BD09 		봐
BD10 		봔
BD14 		봤
BD24 		봬
BD2C 		뵀
BD40 		뵈
BD48 		뵉
BD49 		뵌
BD4C 		뵐
BD50 		뵘
BD58 		뵙
BD59 		뵤
BD64 		뵨
BD68 		부
BD80 		북
BD81
3A5x/BADx 분
BD84 		붇
BD87 		불
BD88 		붉
BD89 		붊
BD8A 		붐
BD90 		붑
BD91 		붓
BD93 		붕
BD95 		붙
BD99 		붚
BD9A 		붜
BD9C 		붤
BDA4 		붰
BDB0 		붸
BDB8 		뷔
BDD4
3A6x/BAEx 뷕
BDD5 		뷘
BDD8 		뷜
BDDC 		뷩
BDE9 		뷰
BDF0 		뷴
BDF4 		뷸
BDF8 		븀
BE00 		븃
BE03 		븅
BE05 		브
BE0C 		븍
BE0D 		븐
BE10 		블
BE14 		븜
BE1C 		븝
BE1D
3A7x/BAFx 븟
BE1F 		비
BE44 		빅
BE45 		빈
BE48 		빌
BE4C 		빎
BE4E 		빔
BE54 		빕
BE55 		빗
BE57 		빙
BE59 		빚
BE5A 		빛
BE5B 		빠
BE60 		빡
BE61 		빤
BE64
3B2x/BBAx 빨
BE68 		빪
BE6A 		빰
BE70 		빱
BE71 		빳
BE73 		빴
BE74 		빵
BE75 		빻
BE7B 		빼
BE7C 		빽
BE7D 		뺀
BE80 		뺄
BE84 		뺌
BE8C 		뺍
BE8D 		뺏
BE8F
3B3x/BBBx 뺐
BE90 		뺑
BE91 		뺘
BE98 		뺙
BE99 		뺨
BEA8 		뻐
BED0 		뻑
BED1 		뻔
BED4 		뻗
BED7 		뻘
BED8 		뻠
BEE0 		뻣
BEE3 		뻤
BEE4 		뻥
BEE5 		뻬
BEEC 		뼁
BF01
3B4x/BBCx 뼈
BF08 		뼉
BF09 		뼘
BF18 		뼙
BF19 		뼛
BF1B 		뼜
BF1C 		뼝
BF1D 		뽀
BF40 		뽁
BF41 		뽄
BF44 		뽈
BF48 		뽐
BF50 		뽑
BF51 		뽕
BF55 		뾔
BF94 		뾰
BFB0
3B5x/BBDx 뿅
BFC5 		뿌
BFCC 		뿍
BFCD 		뿐
BFD0 		뿔
BFD4 		뿜
BFDC 		뿟
BFDF 		뿡
BFE1 		쀼
C03C 		쁑
C051 		쁘
C058 		쁜
C05C 		쁠
C060 		쁨
C068 		쁩
C069 		삐
C090
3B6x/BBEx 삑
C091 		삔
C094 		삘
C098 		삠
C0A0 		삡
C0A1 		삣
C0A3 		삥
C0A5 		사
C0AC 		삭
C0AD 		삯
C0AF 		산
C0B0 		삳
C0B3 		살
C0B4 		삵
C0B5 		삶
C0B6 		삼
C0BC
3B7x/BBFx 삽
C0BD 		삿
C0BF 		샀
C0C0 		상
C0C1 		샅
C0C5 		새
C0C8 		색
C0C9 		샌
C0CC 		샐
C0D0 		샘
C0D8 		샙
C0D9 		샛
C0DB 		샜
C0DC 		생
C0DD 		샤
C0E4
3C2x/BCAx 샥
C0E5 		샨
C0E8 		샬
C0EC 		샴
C0F4 		샵
C0F5 		샷
C0F7 		샹
C0F9 		섀
C100 		섄
C104 		섈
C108 		섐
C110 		섕
C115 		서
C11C 		석
C11D 		섞
C11E
3C3x/BCBx 섟
C11F 		선
C120 		섣
C123 		설
C124 		섦
C126 		섧
C127 		섬
C12C 		섭
C12D 		섯
C12F 		섰
C130 		성
C131 		섶
C136 		세
C138 		섹
C139 		센
C13C 		셀
C140
3C4x/BCCx 셈
C148 		셉
C149 		셋
C14B 		셌
C14C 		셍
C14D 		셔
C154 		셕
C155 		션
C158 		셜
C15C 		셤
C164 		셥
C165 		셧
C167 		셨
C168 		셩
C169 		셰
C170 		셴
C174
3C5x/BCDx 셸
C178 		솅
C185 		소
C18C 		속
C18D 		솎
C18E 		손
C190 		솔
C194 		솖
C196 		솜
C19C 		솝
C19D 		솟
C19F 		송
C1A1 		솥
C1A5 		솨
C1A8 		솩
C1A9 		솬
C1AC
3C6x/BCEx 솰
C1B0 		솽
C1BD 		쇄
C1C4 		쇈
C1C8 		쇌
C1CC 		쇔
C1D4 		쇗
C1D7 		쇘
C1D8 		쇠
C1E0 		쇤
C1E4 		쇨
C1E8 		쇰
C1F0 		쇱
C1F1 		쇳
C1F3 		쇼
C1FC 		쇽
C1FD
3C7x/BCFx 숀
C200 		숄
C204 		숌
C20C 		숍
C20D 		숏
C20F 		숑
C211 		수
C218 		숙
C219 		순
C21C 		숟
C21F 		술
C220 		숨
C228 		숩
C229 		숫
C22B 		숭
C22D
3D2x/BDAx 숯
C22F 		숱
C231 		숲
C232 		숴
C234 		쉈
C248 		쉐
C250 		쉑
C251 		쉔
C254 		쉘
C258 		쉠
C260 		쉥
C265 		쉬
C26C 		쉭
C26D 		쉰
C270 		쉴
C274
3D3x/BDBx 쉼
C27C 		쉽
C27D 		쉿
C27F 		슁
C281 		슈
C288 		슉
C289 		슐
C290 		슘
C298 		슛
C29B 		슝
C29D 		스
C2A4 		슥
C2A5 		슨
C2A8 		슬
C2AC 		슭
C2AD 		슴
C2B4
3D4x/BDCx 습
C2B5 		슷
C2B7 		승
C2B9 		시
C2DC 		식
C2DD 		신
C2E0 		싣
C2E3 		실
C2E4 		싫
C2EB 		심
C2EC 		십
C2ED 		싯
C2EF 		싱
C2F1 		싶
C2F6 		싸
C2F8 		싹
C2F9
3D5x/BDDx 싻
C2FB 		싼
C2FC 		쌀
C300 		쌈
C308 		쌉
C309 		쌌
C30C 		쌍
C30D 		쌓
C313 		쌔
C314 		쌕
C315 		쌘
C318 		쌜
C31C 		쌤
C324 		쌥
C325 		쌨
C328 		쌩
C329
3D6x/BDEx 썅
C345 		써
C368 		썩
C369 		썬
C36C 		썰
C370 		썲
C372 		썸
C378 		썹
C379 		썼
C37C 		썽
C37D 		쎄
C384 		쎈
C388 		쎌
C38C 		쏀
C3C0 		쏘
C3D8 		쏙
C3D9
3D7x/BDFx 쏜
C3DC 		쏟
C3DF 		쏠
C3E0 		쏢
C3E2 		쏨
C3E8 		쏩
C3E9 		쏭
C3ED 		쏴
C3F4 		쏵
C3F5 		쏸
C3F8 		쐈
C408 		쐐
C410 		쐤
C424 		쐬
C42C 		쐰
C430
3E2x/BEAx 쐴
C434 		쐼
C43C 		쐽
C43D 		쑈
C448 		쑤
C464 		쑥
C465 		쑨
C468 		쑬
C46C 		쑴
C474 		쑵
C475 		쑹
C479 		쒀
C480 		쒔
C494 		쒜
C49C 		쒸
C4B8
3E3x/BEBx 쒼
C4BC 		쓩
C4E9 		쓰
C4F0 		쓱
C4F1 		쓴
C4F4 		쓸
C4F8 		쓺
C4FA 		쓿
C4FF 		씀
C500 		씁
C501 		씌
C50C 		씐
C510 		씔
C514 		씜
C51C 		씨
C528 		씩
C529
3E4x/BECx 씬
C52C 		씰
C530 		씸
C538 		씹
C539 		씻
C53B 		씽
C53D 		아
C544 		악
C545 		안
C548 		앉
C549 		않
C54A 		알
C54C 		앍
C54D 		앎
C54E 		앓
C553 		암
C554
3E5x/BEDx 압
C555 		앗
C557 		았
C558 		앙
C559 		앝
C55D 		앞
C55E 		애
C560 		액
C561 		앤
C564 		앨
C568 		앰
C570 		앱
C571 		앳
C573 		앴
C574 		앵
C575 		야
C57C
3E6x/BEEx 약
C57D 		얀
C580 		얄
C584 		얇
C587 		얌
C58C 		얍
C58D 		얏
C58F 		양
C591 		얕
C595 		얗
C597 		얘
C598 		얜
C59C 		얠
C5A0 		얩
C5A9 		어
C5B4 		억
C5B5
3E7x/BEFx 언
C5B8 		얹
C5B9 		얻
C5BB 		얼
C5BC 		얽
C5BD 		얾
C5BE 		엄
C5C4 		업
C5C5 		없
C5C6 		엇
C5C7 		었
C5C8 		엉
C5C9 		엊
C5CA 		엌
C5CC 		엎
C5CE
3F2x/BFAx 에
C5D0 		엑
C5D1 		엔
C5D4 		엘
C5D8 		엠
C5E0 		엡
C5E1 		엣
C5E3 		엥
C5E5 		여
C5EC 		역
C5ED 		엮
C5EE 		연
C5F0 		열
C5F4 		엶
C5F6 		엷
C5F7
3F3x/BFBx 염
C5FC 		엽
C5FD 		엾
C5FE 		엿
C5FF 		였
C600 		영
C601 		옅
C605 		옆
C606 		옇
C607 		예
C608 		옌
C60C 		옐
C610 		옘
C618 		옙
C619 		옛
C61B 		옜
C61C
3F4x/BFCx 오
C624 		옥
C625 		온
C628 		올
C62C 		옭
C62D 		옮
C62E 		옰
C630 		옳
C633 		옴
C634 		옵
C635 		옷
C637 		옹
C639 		옻
C63B 		와
C640 		왁
C641 		완
C644
3F5x/BFDx 왈
C648 		왐
C650 		왑
C651 		왓
C653 		왔
C654 		왕
C655 		왜
C65C 		왝
C65D 		왠
C660 		왬
C66C 		왯
C66F 		왱
C671 		외
C678 		왹
C679 		왼
C67C 		욀
C680
3F6x/BFEx 욈
C688 		욉
C689 		욋
C68B 		욍
C68D 		요
C694 		욕
C695 		욘
C698 		욜
C69C 		욤
C6A4 		욥
C6A5 		욧
C6A7 		용
C6A9 		우
C6B0 		욱
C6B1 		운
C6B4 		울
C6B8
3F7x/BFFx 욹
C6B9 		욺
C6BA 		움
C6C0 		웁
C6C1 		웃
C6C3 		웅
C6C5 		워
C6CC 		웍
C6CD 		원
C6D0 		월
C6D4 		웜
C6DC 		웝
C6DD 		웠
C6E0 		웡
C6E1 		웨
C6E8
402x/C0Ax 웩
C6E9 		웬
C6EC 		웰
C6F0 		웸
C6F8 		웹
C6F9 		웽
C6FD 		위
C704 		윅
C705 		윈
C708 		윌
C70C 		윔
C714 		윕
C715 		윗
C717 		윙
C719 		유
C720
403x/C0Bx 육
C721 		윤
C724 		율
C728 		윰
C730 		윱
C731 		윳
C733 		융
C735 		윷
C737 		으
C73C 		윽
C73D 		은
C740 		을
C744 		읊
C74A 		음
C74C 		읍
C74D 		읏
C74F
404x/C0Cx 응
C751 		읒
C752 		읓
C753 		읔
C754 		읕
C755 		읖
C756 		읗
C757 		의
C758 		읜
C75C 		읠
C760 		읨
C768 		읫
C76B 		이
C774 		익
C775 		인
C778 		일
C77C
405x/C0Dx 읽
C77D 		읾
C77E 		잃
C783 		임
C784 		입
C785 		잇
C787 		있
C788 		잉
C789 		잊
C78A 		잎
C78E 		자
C790 		작
C791 		잔
C794 		잖
C796 		잗
C797 		잘
C798
406x/C0Ex 잚
C79A 		잠
C7A0 		잡
C7A1 		잣
C7A3 		잤
C7A4 		장
C7A5 		잦
C7A6 		재
C7AC 		잭
C7AD 		잰
C7B0 		잴
C7B4 		잼
C7BC 		잽
C7BD 		잿
C7BF 		쟀
C7C0 		쟁
C7C1
407x/C0Fx 쟈
C7C8 		쟉
C7C9 		쟌
C7CC 		쟎
C7CE 		쟐
C7D0 		쟘
C7D8 		쟝
C7DD 		쟤
C7E4 		쟨
C7E8 		쟬
C7EC 		저
C800 		적
C801 		전
C804 		절
C808 		젊
C80A
412x/C1Ax 점
C810 		접
C811 		젓
C813 		정
C815 		젖
C816 		제
C81C 		젝
C81D 		젠
C820 		젤
C824 		젬
C82C 		젭
C82D 		젯
C82F 		젱
C831 		져
C838 		젼
C83C
413x/C1Bx 졀
C840 		졈
C848 		졉
C849 		졌
C84C 		졍
C84D 		졔
C854 		조
C870 		족
C871 		존
C874 		졸
C878 		졺
C87A 		좀
C880 		좁
C881 		좃
C883 		종
C885 		좆
C886
414x/C1Cx 좇
C887 		좋
C88B 		좌
C88C 		좍
C88D 		좔
C894 		좝
C89D 		좟
C89F 		좡
C8A1 		좨
C8A8 		좼
C8BC 		좽
C8BD 		죄
C8C4 		죈
C8C8 		죌
C8CC 		죔
C8D4 		죕
C8D5
415x/C1Dx 죗
C8D7 		죙
C8D9 		죠
C8E0 		죡
C8E1 		죤
C8E4 		죵
C8F5 		주
C8FC 		죽
C8FD 		준
C900 		줄
C904 		줅
C905 		줆
C906 		줌
C90C 		줍
C90D 		줏
C90F 		중
C911
416x/C1Ex 줘
C918 		줬
C92C 		줴
C934 		쥐
C950 		쥑
C951 		쥔
C954 		쥘
C958 		쥠
C960 		쥡
C961 		쥣
C963 		쥬
C96C 		쥰
C970 		쥴
C974 		쥼
C97C 		즈
C988 		즉
C989
417x/C1Fx 즌
C98C 		즐
C990 		즘
C998 		즙
C999 		즛
C99B 		증
C99D 		지
C9C0 		직
C9C1 		진
C9C4 		짇
C9C7 		질
C9C8 		짊
C9CA 		짐
C9D0 		집
C9D1 		짓
C9D3
422x/C2Ax 징
C9D5 		짖
C9D6 		짙
C9D9 		짚
C9DA 		짜
C9DC 		짝
C9DD 		짠
C9E0 		짢
C9E2 		짤
C9E4 		짧
C9E7 		짬
C9EC 		짭
C9ED 		짯
C9EF 		짰
C9F0 		짱
C9F1
423x/C2Bx 째
C9F8 		짹
C9F9 		짼
C9FC 		쨀
CA00 		쨈
CA08 		쨉
CA09 		쨋
CA0B 		쨌
CA0C 		쨍
CA0D 		쨔
CA14 		쨘
CA18 		쨩
CA29 		쩌
CA4C 		쩍
CA4D 		쩐
CA50 		쩔
CA54
424x/C2Cx 쩜
CA5C 		쩝
CA5D 		쩟
CA5F 		쩠
CA60 		쩡
CA61 		쩨
CA68 		쩽
CA7D 		쪄
CA84 		쪘
CA98 		쪼
CABC 		쪽
CABD 		쫀
CAC0 		쫄
CAC4 		쫌
CACC 		쫍
CACD 		쫏
CACF
425x/C2Dx 쫑
CAD1 		쫓
CAD3 		쫘
CAD8 		쫙
CAD9 		쫠
CAE0 		쫬
CAEC 		쫴
CAF4 		쬈
CB08 		쬐
CB10 		쬔
CB14 		쬘
CB18 		쬠
CB20 		쬡
CB21 		쭁
CB41 		쭈
CB48 		쭉
CB49
426x/C2Ex 쭌
CB4C 		쭐
CB50 		쭘
CB58 		쭙
CB59 		쭝
CB5D 		쭤
CB64 		쭸
CB78 		쭹
CB79 		쮜
CB9C 		쮸
CBB8 		쯔
CBD4 		쯤
CBE4 		쯧
CBE7 		쯩
CBE9 		찌
CC0C 		찍
CC0D
427x/C2Fx 찐
CC10 		찔
CC14 		찜
CC1C 		찝
CC1D 		찡
CC21 		찢
CC22 		찧
CC27 		차
CC28 		착
CC29 		찬
CC2C 		찮
CC2E 		찰
CC30 		참
CC38 		찹
CC39 		찻
CC3B
432x/C3Ax 찼
CC3C 		창
CC3D 		찾
CC3E 		채
CC44 		책
CC45 		챈
CC48 		챌
CC4C 		챔
CC54 		챕
CC55 		챗
CC57 		챘
CC58 		챙
CC59 		챠
CC60 		챤
CC64 		챦
CC66
433x/C3Bx 챨
CC68 		챰
CC70 		챵
CC75 		처
CC98 		척
CC99 		천
CC9C 		철
CCA0 		첨
CCA8 		첩
CCA9 		첫
CCAB 		첬
CCAC 		청
CCAD 		체
CCB4 		첵
CCB5 		첸
CCB8 		첼
CCBC
434x/C3Cx 쳄
CCC4 		쳅
CCC5 		쳇
CCC7 		쳉
CCC9 		쳐
CCD0 		쳔
CCD4 		쳤
CCE4 		쳬
CCEC 		쳰
CCF0 		촁
CD01 		초
CD08 		촉
CD09 		촌
CD0C 		촐
CD10 		촘
CD18 		촙
CD19
435x/C3Dx 촛
CD1B 		총
CD1D 		촤
CD24 		촨
CD28 		촬
CD2C 		촹
CD39 		최
CD5C 		쵠
CD60 		쵤
CD64 		쵬
CD6C 		쵭
CD6D 		쵯
CD6F 		쵱
CD71 		쵸
CD78 		춈
CD88 		추
CD94
436x/C3Ex 축
CD95 		춘
CD98 		출
CD9C 		춤
CDA4 		춥
CDA5 		춧
CDA7 		충
CDA9 		춰
CDB0 		췄
CDC4 		췌
CDCC 		췐
CDD0 		취
CDE8 		췬
CDEC 		췰
CDF0 		췸
CDF8 		췹
CDF9
437x/C3Fx 췻
CDFB 		췽
CDFD 		츄
CE04 		츈
CE08 		츌
CE0C 		츔
CE14 		츙
CE19 		츠
CE20 		측
CE21 		츤
CE24 		츨
CE28 		츰
CE30 		츱
CE31 		츳
CE33 		층
CE35
442x/C4Ax 치
CE58 		칙
CE59 		친
CE5C 		칟
CE5F 		칠
CE60 		칡
CE61 		침
CE68 		칩
CE69 		칫
CE6B 		칭
CE6D 		카
CE74 		칵
CE75 		칸
CE78 		칼
CE7C 		캄
CE84
443x/C4Bx 캅
CE85 		캇
CE87 		캉
CE89 		캐
CE90 		캑
CE91 		캔
CE94 		캘
CE98 		캠
CEA0 		캡
CEA1 		캣
CEA3 		캤
CEA4 		캥
CEA5 		캬
CEAC 		캭
CEAD 		컁
CEC1 		커
CEE4
444x/C4Cx 컥
CEE5 		컨
CEE8 		컫
CEEB 		컬
CEEC 		컴
CEF4 		컵
CEF5 		컷
CEF7 		컸
CEF8 		컹
CEF9 		케
CF00 		켁
CF01 		켄
CF04 		켈
CF08 		켐
CF10 		켑
CF11 		켓
CF13
445x/C4Dx 켕
CF15 		켜
CF1C 		켠
CF20 		켤
CF24 		켬
CF2C 		켭
CF2D 		켯
CF2F 		켰
CF30 		켱
CF31 		켸
CF38 		코
CF54 		콕
CF55 		콘
CF58 		콜
CF5C 		콤
CF64 		콥
CF65
446x/C4Ex 콧
CF67 		콩
CF69 		콰
CF70 		콱
CF71 		콴
CF74 		콸
CF78 		쾀
CF80 		쾅
CF85 		쾌
CF8C 		쾡
CFA1 		쾨
CFA8 		쾰
CFB0 		쿄
CFC4 		쿠
CFE0 		쿡
CFE1 		쿤
CFE4
447x/C4Fx 쿨
CFE8 		쿰
CFF0 		쿱
CFF1 		쿳
CFF3 		쿵
CFF5 		쿼
CFFC 		퀀
D000 		퀄
D004 		퀑
D011 		퀘
D018 		퀭
D02D 		퀴
D034 		퀵
D035 		퀸
D038 		퀼
D03C
452x/C5Ax 큄
D044 		큅
D045 		큇
D047 		큉
D049 		큐
D050 		큔
D054 		큘
D058 		큠
D060 		크
D06C 		큭
D06D 		큰
D070 		클
D074 		큼
D07C 		큽
D07D 		킁
D081
453x/C5Bx 키
D0A4 		킥
D0A5 		킨
D0A8 		킬
D0AC 		킴
D0B4 		킵
D0B5 		킷
D0B7 		킹
D0B9 		타
D0C0 		탁
D0C1 		탄
D0C4 		탈
D0C8 		탉
D0C9 		탐
D0D0 		탑
D0D1 		탓
D0D3
454x/C5Cx 탔
D0D4 		탕
D0D5 		태
D0DC 		택
D0DD 		탠
D0E0 		탤
D0E4 		탬
D0EC 		탭
D0ED 		탯
D0EF 		탰
D0F0 		탱
D0F1 		탸
D0F8 		턍
D10D 		터
D130 		턱
D131 		턴
D134
455x/C5Dx 털
D138 		턺
D13A 		텀
D140 		텁
D141 		텃
D143 		텄
D144 		텅
D145 		테
D14C 		텍
D14D 		텐
D150 		텔
D154 		템
D15C 		텝
D15D 		텟
D15F 		텡
D161 		텨
D168
456x/C5Ex 텬
D16C 		텼
D17C 		톄
D184 		톈
D188 		토
D1A0 		톡
D1A1 		톤
D1A4 		톨
D1A8 		톰
D1B0 		톱
D1B1 		톳
D1B3 		통
D1B5 		톺
D1BA 		톼
D1BC 		퇀
D1C0 		퇘
D1D8
457x/C5Fx 퇴
D1F4 		퇸
D1F8 		툇
D207 		툉
D209 		툐
D210 		투
D22C 		툭
D22D 		툰
D230 		툴
D234 		툼
D23C 		툽
D23D 		툿
D23F 		퉁
D241 		퉈
D248 		퉜
D25C
462x/C6Ax 퉤
D264 		튀
D280 		튁
D281 		튄
D284 		튈
D288 		튐
D290 		튑
D291 		튕
D295 		튜
D29C 		튠
D2A0 		튤
D2A4 		튬
D2AC 		튱
D2B1 		트
D2B8 		특
D2B9
463x/C6Bx 튼
D2BC 		튿
D2BF 		틀
D2C0 		틂
D2C2 		틈
D2C8 		틉
D2C9 		틋
D2CB 		틔
D2D4 		틘
D2D8 		틜
D2DC 		틤
D2E4 		틥
D2E5 		티
D2F0 		틱
D2F1 		틴
D2F4 		틸
D2F8
464x/C6Cx 팀
D300 		팁
D301 		팃
D303 		팅
D305 		파
D30C 		팍
D30D 		팎
D30E 		판
D310 		팔
D314 		팖
D316 		팜
D31C 		팝
D31D 		팟
D31F 		팠
D320 		팡
D321 		팥
D325
465x/C6Dx 패
D328 		팩
D329 		팬
D32C 		팰
D330 		팸
D338 		팹
D339 		팻
D33B 		팼
D33C 		팽
D33D 		퍄
D344 		퍅
D345 		퍼
D37C 		퍽
D37D 		펀
D380 		펄
D384 		펌
D38C
466x/C6Ex 펍
D38D 		펏
D38F 		펐
D390 		펑
D391 		페
D398 		펙
D399 		펜
D39C 		펠
D3A0 		펨
D3A8 		펩
D3A9 		펫
D3AB 		펭
D3AD 		펴
D3B4 		편
D3B8 		펼
D3BC 		폄
D3C4
467x/C6Fx 폅
D3C5 		폈
D3C8 		평
D3C9 		폐
D3D0 		폘
D3D8 		폡
D3E1 		폣
D3E3 		포
D3EC 		폭
D3ED 		폰
D3F0 		폴
D3F4 		폼
D3FC 		폽
D3FD 		폿
D3FF 		퐁
D401
472x/C7Ax 퐈
D408 		퐝
D41D 		푀
D440 		푄
D444 		표
D45C 		푠
D460 		푤
D464 		푭
D46D 		푯
D46F 		푸
D478 		푹
D479 		푼
D47C 		푿
D47F 		풀
D480 		풂
D482
473x/C7Bx 품
D488 		풉
D489 		풋
D48B 		풍
D48D 		풔
D494 		풩
D4A9 		퓌
D4CC 		퓐
D4D0 		퓔
D4D4 		퓜
D4DC 		퓟
D4DF 		퓨
D4E8 		퓬
D4EC 		퓰
D4F0 		퓸
D4F8 		퓻
D4FB
474x/C7Cx 퓽
D4FD 		프
D504 		픈
D508 		플
D50C 		픔
D514 		픕
D515 		픗
D517 		피
D53C 		픽
D53D 		핀
D540 		필
D544 		핌
D54C 		핍
D54D 		핏
D54F 		핑
D551 		하
D558
475x/C7Dx 학
D559 		한
D55C 		할
D560 		핥
D565 		함
D568 		합
D569 		핫
D56B 		항
D56D 		해
D574 		핵
D575 		핸
D578 		핼
D57C 		햄
D584 		햅
D585 		햇
D587 		했
D588
476x/C7Ex 행
D589 		햐
D590 		향
D5A5 		허
D5C8 		헉
D5C9 		헌
D5CC 		헐
D5D0 		헒
D5D2 		험
D5D8 		헙
D5D9 		헛
D5DB 		헝
D5DD 		헤
D5E4 		헥
D5E5 		헨
D5E8 		헬
D5EC
477x/C7Fx 헴
D5F4 		헵
D5F5 		헷
D5F7 		헹
D5F9 		혀
D600 		혁
D601 		현
D604 		혈
D608 		혐
D610 		협
D611 		혓
D613 		혔
D614 		형
D615 		혜
D61C 		혠
D620
482x/C8Ax 혤
D624 		혭
D62D 		호
D638 		혹
D639 		혼
D63C 		홀
D640 		홅
D645 		홈
D648 		홉
D649 		홋
D64B 		홍
D64D 		홑
D651 		화
D654 		확
D655 		환
D658
483x/C8Bx 활
D65C 		홧
D667 		황
D669 		홰
D670 		홱
D671 		홴
D674 		횃
D683 		횅
D685 		회
D68C 		획
D68D 		횐
D690 		횔
D694 		횝
D69D 		횟
D69F 		횡
D6A1 		효
D6A8
484x/C8Cx 횬
D6AC 		횰
D6B0 		횹
D6B9 		횻
D6BB 		후
D6C4 		훅
D6C5 		훈
D6C8 		훌
D6CC 		훑
D6D1 		훔
D6D4 		훗
D6D7 		훙
D6D9 		훠
D6E0 		훤
D6E4 		훨
D6E8 		훰
D6F0
485x/C8Dx 훵
D6F5 		훼
D6FC 		훽
D6FD 		휀
D700 		휄
D704 		휑
D711 		휘
D718 		휙
D719 		휜
D71C 		휠
D720 		휨
D728 		휩
D729 		휫
D72B 		휭
D72D 		휴
D734 		휵
D735
486x/C8Ex 휸
D738 		휼
D73C 		흄
D744 		흇
D747 		흉
D749 		흐
D750 		흑
D751 		흔
D754 		흖
D756 		흗
D757 		흘
D758 		흙
D759 		흠
D760 		흡
D761 		흣
D763 		흥
D765
487x/C8Fx 흩
D769 		희
D76C 		흰
D770 		흴
D774 		흼
D77C 		흽
D77D 		힁
D781 		히
D788 		힉
D789 		힌
D78C 		힐
D790 		힘
D798 		힙
D799 		힛
D79B 		힝
D79D

Statistics by jamo

[edit]
Initial consonants
Jamo Count
ㄱ 171
ㄲ 120
ㄴ 141
ㄷ 128
ㄸ 86
ㄹ 127
ㅁ 129
ㅂ 129
ㅃ 73
ㅅ 163
ㅆ 86
ㅇ 208
ㅈ 135
ㅉ 82
ㅊ 112
ㅋ 107
ㅌ 106
ㅍ 105
ㅎ 142
Total 2350
Vowels
Jamo Count
ㅏ 242
ㅐ 172
ㅑ 77
ㅒ 15
ㅓ 212
ㅔ 140
ㅕ 131
ㅖ 44
ㅗ 184
ㅘ 81
ㅙ 42
ㅚ 101
ㅛ 65
ㅜ 177
ㅝ 56
ㅞ 41
ㅟ 105
ㅠ 84
ㅡ 166
ㅢ 30
ㅣ 185
Total 2350
Final consonants
Jamo Count
(none) 349
ㄱ 204
ㄲ 13
ㄳ 6
ㄴ 277
ㄵ 2
ㄶ 10
ㄷ 36
ㄹ 262
ㄺ 21
ㄻ 50
ㄼ 9
ㄽ 3
ㄾ 3
ㄿ 1
ㅀ 11
ㅁ 222
ㅂ 209
ㅄ 3
ㅅ 200
ㅆ 106
ㅇ 241
ㅈ 27
ㅊ 15
ㅋ 3
ㅌ 27
ㅍ 20
ㅎ 20
Total 2350

Hanja sets (rows number 42 through 93)

[edit]
See Appendix:Korean Hanja by KS X 1001 hangyol code on Wiktionary.

KS X 1001 encodes hanja with multiple pronunciations multiple times, once for each pronunciation. (Some pronunciations are inherited from Middle Chinese, and others are an effect of the initial sound rule.) One character, 樂, is encoded four times. The first 268 characters (U+F900–U+FA0B) in the CJK Compatibility Ideographs block correspond to these duplicates.

In the table below, the first row-cell value (and reading) for each Hanja maps to the CJK Unified Ideographs block; others map to the CJK Compatibility Ideographs block.

Duplicate Hanja in KS X 1001
Hanja Locations and readings
賈 42-25 (가 ga), 45-47 (고 go)
降 43-29 (강 gang), 90-02 (항 hang)
見 44-24 (견 gyeon), 90-70 (현 hyeon)
更 44-58 (경 gyeong), 43-54 (갱 gaeng)
契 44-88 (계 gye), 48-48 (글 geul)
串 45-90 (곶 got), 46-13 (관 gwan)
廓 46-09 (곽 gwak), 92-09 (확 hwak)
句 47-03 (구 gu), 47-91 (귀 gwi)
龜 47-47 (구 gu), 48-02 (귀 gwi), 48-24 (균 gyun)
豈 49-34 (기 gi), 43-48 (개 gae)
金 49-49 (김 gim), 48-61 (금 geum)
拏 49-57 (나 na), 52-92 (라 ra)
諾 49-71 (낙 nak), 53-11 (락 rak)
奈 50-15 (내 nae), 49-53 (나 na)
女 50-19 (녀 nyeo), 69-92 (여 yeo)
年 50-20 (년 nyeon), 70-36 (연 yeon)
撚 50-21 (년 nyeon), 70-42 (연 yeon)
秊 50-22 (년 nyeon), 70-60 (연 yeon)
念 50-23 (념 nyeom), 70-86 (염 yeom)
捻 50-26 (념 nyeom), 70-87 (염 yeom)
寧 50-27 (녕 nyeong), 54-24 (령 ryeong), 71-12 (영 yeong)
怒 50-33 (노 no), 54-45 (로 ro)
尿 50-67 (뇨 nyo), 72-81 (요 yo)
杻 50-78 (뉴 nyu), 74-84 (유 yu)
紐 50-79 (뉴 nyu), 75-10 (유 yu)
泥 50-90 (니 ni), 76-18 (이 i)
匿 50-91 (닉 nik), 76-41 (익 ik)
溺 50-92 (닉 nik), 76-42 (익 ik)
茶 50-94 (다 da), 83-17 (차 cha)
丹 51-01 (단 dan), 53-14 (란 ran)
糖 51-56 (당 dang), 87-24 (탕 tang)
宅 51-75 (댁 daek), 87-40 (택 taek)
度 51-88 (도 do), 86-84 (탁 tak)
讀 52-33 (독 dok), 52-70 (두 du)
洞 52-55 (동 dong), 87-51 (통 tong)
喇 52-90 (라 ra), 49-52 (나 na)
懶 52-91 (라 ra), 49-56 (나 na)
癩 52-93 (라 ra), 49-59 (나 na)
羅 52-94 (라 ra), 49-60 (나 na)
蘿 53-01 (라 ra), 49-61 (나 na)
螺 53-02 (라 ra), 49-62 (나 na)
裸 53-03 (라 ra), 49-63 (나 na)
邏 53-04 (라 ra), 49-64 (나 na)
洛 53-06 (락 rak), 49-67 (낙 nak)
烙 53-07 (락 rak), 49-68 (낙 nak)
珞 53-08 (락 rak), 49-69 (낙 nak)
落 53-10 (락 rak), 49-70 (낙 nak)
酪 53-12 (락 rak), 49-72 (낙 nak)
駱 53-13 (락 rak), 49-73 (낙 nak)
亂 53-15 (란 ran), 49-74 (난 nan)
卵 53-16 (란 ran), 49-75 (난 nan)
欄 53-17 (란 ran), 49-77 (난 nan)
爛 53-20 (란 ran), 49-79 (난 nan)
蘭 53-21 (란 ran), 49-80 (난 nan)
鸞 53-22 (란 ran), 49-82 (난 nan)
嵐 53-25 (람 ram), 49-86 (남 nam)
濫 53-29 (람 ram), 49-90 (남 nam)
藍 53-32 (람 ram), 49-92 (남 nam)
襤 53-33 (람 ram), 49-93 (남 nam)
拉 53-35 (랍 rap), 49-94 (납 nap)
臘 53-36 (랍 rap), 50-02 (납 nap)
蠟 53-37 (랍 rap), 50-03 (납 nap)
廊 53-38 (랑 rang), 50-07 (낭 nang)
朗 53-39 (랑 rang), 50-08 (낭 nang)
浪 53-40 (랑 rang), 50-09 (낭 nang)
狼 53-41 (랑 rang), 50-10 (낭 nang)
郞 53-45 (랑 rang), 50-11 (낭 nang)
來 53-46 (래 rae), 50-13 (내 nae)
冷 53-50 (랭 raeng), 50-18 (냉 naeng)
掠 53-51 (략 ryak), 69-17 (약 yak)
略 53-52 (략 ryak), 69-18 (약 yak)
亮 53-53 (량 ryang), 69-25 (양 yang)
兩 53-55 (량 ryang), 69-27 (양 yang)
凉 53-56 (량 ryang), 69-28 (양 yang)
梁 53-57 (량 ryang), 69-36 (양 yang)
糧 53-61 (량 ryang), 69-46 (양 yang)
良 53-62 (량 ryang), 69-48 (양 yang)
諒 53-63 (량 ryang), 69-50 (양 yang)
量 53-65 (량 ryang), 69-54 (양 yang)
勵 53-68 (려 ryeo), 69-90 (여 yeo)
呂 53-69 (려 ryeo), 69-91 (여 yeo)
廬 53-70 (려 ryeo), 69-94 (여 yeo)
旅 53-73 (려 ryeo), 70-01 (여 yeo)
濾 53-75 (려 ryeo), 70-04 (여 yeo)
礪 53-76 (려 ryeo), 70-07 (여 yeo)
閭 53-79 (려 ryeo), 70-13 (여 yeo)
驪 53-81 (려 ryeo), 70-15 (여 yeo)
麗 53-82 (려 ryeo), 70-16 (여 yeo)
黎 53-83 (려 ryeo), 70-17 (여 yeo)
力 53-84 (력 ryeok), 70-19 (역 yeok)
曆 53-85 (력 ryeok), 70-23 (역 yeok)
歷 53-86 (력 ryeok), 70-24 (역 yeok)
轢 53-89 (력 ryeok), 70-28 (역 yeok)
憐 53-91 (련 ryeon), 70-38 (연 yeon)
戀 53-92 (련 ryeon), 70-39 (연 yeon)
漣 53-94 (련 ryeon), 70-50 (연 yeon)
煉 54-01 (련 ryeon), 70-54 (연 yeon)
璉 54-02 (련 ryeon), 70-57 (연 yeon)
練 54-03 (련 ryeon), 70-63 (연 yeon)
聯 54-04 (련 ryeon), 70-65 (연 yeon)
蓮 54-05 (련 ryeon), 70-69 (연 yeon)
輦 54-06 (련 ryeon), 70-68 (연 yeon)
連 54-07 (련 ryeon), 70-70 (연 yeon)
鍊 54-08 (련 ryeon), 70-72 (연 yeon)
列 54-10 (렬 ryeol), 70-74 (열 yeol)
劣 54-11 (렬 ryeol), 70-75 (열 yeol)
烈 54-13 (렬 ryeol), 70-79 (열 yeol)
裂 54-14 (렬 ryeol), 70-81 (열 yeol)
廉 54-15 (렴 ryeom), 70-85 (염 yeom)
殮 54-17 (렴 ryeom), 70-89 (염 yeom)
簾 54-19 (렴 ryeom), 71-01 (염 yeom)
獵 54-20 (렵 ryeop), 71-06 (엽 yeop)
令 54-21 (령 ryeong), 71-09 (영 yeong)
囹 54-23 (령 ryeong), 71-10 (영 yeong)
嶺 54-26 (령 ryeong), 71-13 (영 yeong)
怜 54-27 (령 ryeong), 71-16 (영 yeong)
玲 54-28 (령 ryeong), 71-31 (영 yeong)
羚 54-30 (령 ryeong), 71-38 (영 yeong)
聆 54-32 (령 ryeong), 71-39 (영 yeong)
鈴 54-34 (령 ryeong), 71-43 (영 yeong)
零 54-35 (령 ryeong), 71-45 (영 yeong)
靈 54-36 (령 ryeong), 71-47 (영 yeong)
領 54-37 (령 ryeong), 71-48 (영 yeong)
例 54-39 (례 rye), 71-51 (예 ye)
禮 54-41 (례 rye), 71-63 (예 ye)
醴 54-42 (례 rye), 71-68 (예 ye)
隷 54-43 (례 rye), 71-70 (예 ye)
勞 54-44 (로 ro), 50-30 (노 no)
擄 54-47 (로 ro), 50-34 (노 no)
櫓 54-48 (로 ro), 50-35 (노 no)
爐 54-51 (로 ro), 50-36 (노 no)
盧 54-52 (로 ro), 50-38 (노 no)
老 54-53 (로 ro), 50-39 (노 no)
蘆 54-54 (로 ro), 50-40 (노 no)
虜 54-55 (로 ro), 50-41 (노 no)
路 54-56 (로 ro), 50-42 (노 no)
露 54-58 (로 ro), 50-43 (노 no)
魯 54-59 (로 ro), 50-45 (노 no)
鷺 54-60 (로 ro), 50-46 (노 no)
碌 54-62 (록 rok), 50-47 (녹 nok)
祿 54-63 (록 rok), 50-48 (녹 nok)
綠 54-64 (록 rok), 50-49 (녹 nok)
菉 54-65 (록 rok), 50-50 (녹 nok)
錄 54-66 (록 rok), 50-51 (녹 nok)
鹿 54-67 (록 rok), 50-52 (녹 nok)
論 54-69 (론 ron), 50-53 (논 non)
壟 54-70 (롱 rong), 50-54 (농 nong)
弄 54-71 (롱 rong), 50-55 (농 nong)
籠 54-75 (롱 rong), 50-57 (농 nong)
聾 54-76 (롱 rong), 50-58 (농 nong)
牢 54-79 (뢰 roe), 50-62 (뇌 noe)
磊 54-80 (뢰 roe), 50-63 (뇌 noe)
賂 54-81 (뢰 roe), 50-65 (뇌 noe)
雷 54-84 (뢰 roe), 50-66 (뇌 noe)
了 54-85 (료 ryo), 72-71 (요 yo)
僚 54-86 (료 ryo), 72-72 (요 yo)
寮 54-87 (료 ryo), 72-80 (요 yo)
料 54-89 (료 ryo), 72-87 (요 yo)
燎 54-90 (료 ryo), 72-91 (요 yo)
療 54-91 (료 ryo), 72-94 (요 yo)
蓼 54-94 (료 ryo), 73-07 (요 yo)
遼 55-01 (료 ryo), 73-12 (요 yo)
龍 55-03 (룡 ryong), 73-44 (용 yong)
壘 55-04 (루 ru), 50-68 (누 nu)
屢 55-06 (루 ru), 50-69 (누 nu)
樓 55-07 (루 ru), 50-70 (누 nu)
淚 55-08 (루 ru), 50-71 (누 nu)
漏 55-09 (루 ru), 50-72 (누 nu)
累 55-11 (루 ru), 50-73 (누 nu)
縷 55-12 (루 ru), 50-74 (누 nu)
陋 55-16 (루 ru), 50-75 (누 nu)
劉 55-17 (류 ryu), 74-69 (유 yu)
柳 55-19 (류 ryu), 74-87 (유 yu)
流 55-21 (류 ryu), 74-92 (유 yu)
溜 55-22 (류 ryu), 74-94 (유 yu)
琉 55-24 (류 ryu), 75-04 (유 yu)
留 55-26 (류 ryu), 75-07 (유 yu)
硫 55-28 (류 ryu), 75-09 (유 yu)
類 55-30 (류 ryu), 75-26 (유 yu)
六 55-31 (륙 ryuk), 75-27 (육 yuk)
戮 55-32 (륙 ryuk), 75-29 (육 yuk)
陸 55-33 (륙 ryuk), 75-33 (육 yuk)
倫 55-35 (륜 ryun), 75-34 (윤 yun)
崙 55-36 (륜 ryun), 75-38 (윤 yun)
淪 55-37 (륜 ryun), 75-39 (윤 yun)
輪 55-39 (륜 ryun), 75-44 (윤 yun)
律 55-40 (률 ryul), 75-47 (율 yul)
慄 55-41 (률 ryul), 75-48 (율 yul)
栗 55-42 (률 ryul), 75-49 (율 yul)
隆 55-44 (륭 ryung), 75-56 (융 yung)
勒 55-45 (륵 reuk), 50-80 (늑 neuk)
肋 55-46 (륵 reuk), 50-81 (늑 neuk)
凜 55-47 (름 reum), 50-82 (늠 neum)
凌 55-48 (릉 reung), 50-83 (능 neung)
稜 55-50 (릉 reung), 50-84 (능 neung)
綾 55-51 (릉 reung), 50-85 (능 neung)
菱 55-52 (릉 reung), 50-87 (능 neung)
陵 55-53 (릉 reung), 50-88 (능 neung)
利 55-55 (리 ri), 76-06 (이 i)
吏 55-57 (리 ri), 76-07 (이 i)
履 55-59 (리 ri), 76-10 (이 i)
李 55-61 (리 ri), 76-16 (이 i)
梨 55-62 (리 ri), 76-17 (이 i)
理 55-66 (리 ri), 76-21 (이 i)
痢 55-69 (리 ri), 76-24 (이 i)
罹 55-71 (리 ri), 76-26 (이 i)
裏 55-74 (리 ri), 76-32 (이 i)
裡 55-75 (리 ri), 76-33 (이 i)
里 55-76 (리 ri), 76-37 (이 i)
離 55-78 (리 ri), 76-38 (이 i)
吝 55-80 (린 rin), 76-53 (인 in)
燐 55-82 (린 rin), 76-61 (인 in)
璘 55-83 (린 rin), 76-62 (인 in)
藺 55-84 (린 rin), 76-65 (인 in)
隣 55-86 (린 rin), 76-68 (인 in)
鱗 55-87 (린 rin), 76-71 (인 in)
麟 55-88 (린 rin), 76-72 (인 in)
林 55-89 (림 rim), 76-87 (임 im)
淋 55-90 (림 rim), 76-88 (임 im)
臨 55-92 (림 rim), 76-90 (임 im)
立 56-01 (립 rip), 77-01 (입 ip)
笠 56-02 (립 rip), 77-02 (입 ip)
粒 56-03 (립 rip), 77-03 (입 ip)
磻 58-82 (반 ban), 59-68 (번 beon)
復 60-54 (복 bok), 61-05 (부 bu)
輻 60-63 (복 bok), 88-80 (폭 pok)
不 60-84 (부 bu), 61-53 (불 bul)
北 61-33 (북 buk), 59-37 (배 bae)
殺 63-15 (살 sal), 65-77 (쇄 swae)
狀 63-50 (상 sang), 77-78 (장 jang)
塞 63-61 (새 sae), 63-65 (색 saek)
索 63-67 (색 saek), 62-94 (삭 sak)
說 64-67 (설 seol), 65-13 (세 se), 70-82 (열 yeol)
省 64-93 (성 seong), 63-72 (생 saeng)
率 65-67 (솔 sol), 55-43 (률 ryul), 75-50 (율 yul)
數 66-06 (수 su), 62-92 (삭 sak)
拾 67-06 (습 seup), 68-09 (십 sip)
識 67-59 (식 sik), 82-29 (지 ji)
什 68-07 (십 sip), 82-90 (집 jip)
惡 68-34 (악 ak), 71-87 (오 o)
樂 68-37 (악 ak), 49-66 (낙 nak), 53-05 (락 rak), 72-89 (요 yo)
若 69-20 (약 yak), 69-14 (야 ya)
易 70-22 (역 yeok), 76-15 (이 i)
葉 71-08 (엽 yeop), 64-81 (섭 seop)
阮 72-54 (완 wan), 74-33 (원 won)
異 76-22 (이 i), 55-68 (리 ri)
咽 76-54 (인 in), 70-76 (열 yeol)
刺 77-09 (자 ja), 84-07 (척 cheok)
炙 77-19 (자 ja), 78-59 (적 jeok)
切 79-23 (절 jeol), 84-78 (체 che)
辰 82-67 (진 jin), 67-85 (신 sin)
車 83-19 (차 cha), 43-71 (거 geo)
參 83-49 (참 cham), 63-19 (삼 sam)
拓 84-12 (척 cheok), 86-86 (탁 tak)
沈 86-56 (침 chim), 68-01 (심 sim)
便 88-21 (편 pyeon), 60-05 (변 byeon)
暴 88-76 (폭 pok), 88-59 (포 po)
泌 89-18 (필 pil), 61-84 (비 bi)
行 90-28 (행 haeng), 90-01 (항 hang)
瑩 91-09 (형 hyeong), 71-33 (영 yeong)
滑 92-33 (활 hwal), 45-72 (골 gol)
暈 93-27 (훈 hun), 73-87 (운 un)

Johab encoding

[edit]
Diagram of Johab encoding as stipulated by KS X 1001
  • 한글: Hangul
  • 한자: Hanja
  • 특수문자: special characters (non-Hangul and non-Hanja characters)

KS X 1001, since 1992, also defines an alternative encoding known as Johab. This represents a Hangul syllable as the sequence of three five-bit values, split across two 8-bit bytes, most significant bit first. The most significant bit of the lead byte is always set (allowing combination with single-byte ASCII or KS X 1003). This encoding is also used for the modern jamo from row 4 of KS X 1001, by using the filler values for the other components. The Johab encoding for Hangul is shown in the table below.[22]

Johab encodes the remainder of KS X 1001 using lead bytes which do not correspond to an initial jamo (0xE0–0xF9 for Hanja and 0xD9–0xDE[23] for non-Hanja, excluding Hangul syllables and modern jamo), with trail bytes in the ranges 0x31–0x7E and 0x91–0xFE.[22] These codes are algorithmically mapped from the characters' KS X 1001 code points,[23] with two KS X 1001 rows per lead byte (compare and contrast Shift JIS).

Layout of EBCDIC-based Johab variant when in double-byte state

The ASCII-based Johab encoding is numbered Code page 1361 by Microsoft.[24] Other, vendor-defined, Johab variants also exist; for example, IBM defines one for use as a Shift Out set with EBCDIC. That variant uses shift in and shift out to switch between a single-byte EBCDIC page and Johab, uses a different encoding for the non-Hangul characters (using lead bytes 0x40–6C with a different layout), and uses lead bytes 0xD4–DD as a user-defined region, but uses the same Johab layout as the 1992 standard for the Hangul characters when in shift-out state.[25] IBM number the EBCDIC-based, stateful Johab encoding Code page 1364,[25] and also define a subset of that encoding, including fewer Hangul characters but in the same layout, as Code page 933.[26]

Some other vendors such as Samsung or GoldStar (now LG) used other "Johab" encodings where the mappings of five-bit codes to jamo differ from the below, consequently not being compatible with the 1992 standard Johab.[af] The table below corresponds to the 1992 standard and also to IBM usage.

Johab codes for Hangul in KS C 5601(/X 1001):1992[22]
Five-bit sequence As initial As vowel As final
00000 not used not used[ag] not used
00001 filler not used[ah] filler (empty final)
00010 ㄱ filler ㄱ
00011 ㄲ ㅏ ㄲ
00100 ㄴ ㅐ ㄳ
00101 ㄷ ㅑ ㄴ
00110 ㄸ ㅒ ㄵ
00111 ㄹ ㅓ ㄶ
01000 ㅁ not used[ag] ㄷ
01001 ㅂ not used[ah] ㄹ
01010 ㅃ ㅔ ㄺ
01011 ㅅ ㅕ ㄻ
01100 ㅆ ㅖ ㄼ
01101 ㅇ ㅗ ㄽ
01110 ㅈ ㅘ ㄾ
01111 ㅉ ㅙ ㄿ
10000 ㅊ not used[ag] ㅀ
10001 ㅋ not used[ah] ㅁ
10010 ㅌ ㅚ not used
10011 ㅍ ㅛ ㅂ
10100 ㅎ ㅜ ㅄ
10101 not used ㅝ ㅅ
10110 non-Hangul lead bytes ㅞ ㅆ
10111 ㅟ ㅇ
11000 not used[ag] ㅈ
11001 not used[ah] ㅊ
11010 ㅠ ㅋ
11011 ㅡ ㅌ
11100 ㅢ ㅍ
11101 ㅣ ㅎ
11110 not used not used
11111 not used not used not used

N-byte Hangul code

[edit]
See also: Halfwidth and fullwidth forms and Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms (Unicode block)

This is the N-byte Hangul code,[5] as specified by KS C 5601-1974 and by annex 4 of KS C 5601–1992. The second half of IBM's Code page 1040[27] is a superset of this, assigning the characters ¢¬\~ (although not £) to the same locations as in Code page 1041, while the unextended N-Byte Hangul (besides C0 control code replacement graphics in some usage contexts, shared with IBM-1040) is Code page 891.[28] Character 0x40/0xC0 is a Hangul Filler (see above), used in combining sequences.

Similarly to its Japanese counterpart JIS C 6220 (JIS X 0201), N-byte Hangul code could be used as a 7-bit encoding, with character allocations over the range 0x40 through 0x7C.[5] The chart below shows the code in an 8-bit environment with the high bit set (i.e. over 0xC0 through 0xFC), as it is used in e.g. code page 891 or 1040.

KS C 5601-1974 / N-byte Hangul[29]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
8x
9x
Ax
Bx
Cx HWHF ﾡ ﾢ ﾣ ﾤ ﾥ ﾦ ﾧ ﾨ ﾩ ﾪ ﾫ ﾬ ﾭ ﾮ ﾯ
Dx ﾰ ﾱ ﾲ ﾳ ﾴ ﾵ ﾶ ﾷ ﾸ ﾹ ﾺ ﾻ ﾼ ﾽ ﾾ
Ex ￂ ￃ ￄ ￅ ￆ ￇ ￊ ￋ ￌ ￍ ￎ ￏ
Fx ￒ ￓ ￔ ￕ ￖ ￗ ￚ ￛ ￜ

Footnotes

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

KS X 1001

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from Grokipedia
KS X 1001, formally titled "Code for Information Interchange ( and )," is a South Korean coded character set standard that defines an encoding for , ideographs, Latin letters, and various symbols to facilitate information processing and interchange in Korean-language computing environments. Developed and maintained by the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS), it organizes its repertoire into a 94×94 grid of code points, allowing for up to 8,836 two-byte sequences while assigning 8,224 specific characters. The standard includes 2,350 precomposed , covering a of the modern Korean orthography, alongside 4,888 characters selected for common usage in Korean texts, and approximately 986 additional characters such as ASCII-compatible Latin letters, punctuation, and special symbols. This composition reflects its origins in supporting legacy systems for Korean typography and data exchange, with encodings like EUC-KR and ISO-2022-KR commonly used to implement it in software. Originally issued as KS C 5601 in 1987 and revised in 1992, it was redesignated under the modern KS X series as KS X 1001:1992 in 1997, further updated to KS X 1001:2004, and subsequently reconfirmed without changes in 2019 and 2024 (as of October 30, 2024). Although largely superseded by for contemporary applications, KS X 1001 remains influential in legacy South Korean systems, fonts, and compatibility mappings, with its and subsets integrated into Unicode blocks such as (U+AC00–U+D7A3) and for round-trip conversion. Its design, including provisions for a filler character and non-precomposed jamo, addressed early computational needs for efficient Korean text representation but highlighted limitations like incomplete coverage compared to the full 11,172 syllables in .

Overview

Description and Purpose

KS X 1001, formally titled the "Code for Information Interchange ( and )," is a standard developed by the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS). Its primary purpose is to standardize the digital representation of , ( used in Korean), and supplementary symbols to facilitate computing, information processing, and data exchange in Korean-language systems. The standard utilizes a 94×94 grid structure, yielding 8,836 code points to encode these elements efficiently in double-byte format. It supports 2,350 precomposed Hangul syllables for common usage, alongside 4,888 Hanja characters, and incorporates additional sets such as Latin letters, Greek and Cyrillic scripts, and various symbols to ensure compatibility with international data interchange. Serving as the successor to the earlier KS C 5601, KS X 1001 evolved from prior 7-bit encoding approaches to a double-byte system, enabling fuller support for the phonetic and logographic aspects of Korean script in modern computing environments.

Scope and Character Coverage

KS X 1001 defines characters within a 94×94 matrix structure, comprising 8,836 code points, where the lead byte ranges from 0x21 to 0x7E (rows 1–32) and 0xA1 to 0xFE (rows 33–94), and the trail byte follows the same ranges. Of these, 8,224 code points are assigned characters in the revision, focusing on elements essential for Korean text representation. The matrix allocates rows 16 through 40 (25 rows × 94 positions) to 2,350 modern precomposed Hangul syllables, covering the most commonly used forms in contemporary Korean writing. Rows 42 through 93 (52 rows × 94 positions) are dedicated to 4,888 Hanja (Chinese characters used in Korean), selected for frequency in literature, education, and terminology, though this set includes 268 duplicates representing variant forms for different pronunciations or contexts. Rows 1 through 15 house 986 non-Hanja, non-precomposed characters, including compatibility Hangul jamo assigned in row 4, as well as special symbols such as box-drawing elements, measurement units, and representations from other scripts like Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Hiragana, and Katakana. The standard excludes support for obsolete Hangul forms and extended beyond its defined repertoire, prioritizing modern usage over historical completeness. Later revisions expanded coverage with supplementary characters, including the (€) and registered trademark sign (®) added in 1998 and the Korean postal mark (㉾) in 2002, integrated into existing rows without altering the core matrix. In encoding variants such as Wansung, these characters are represented as two-byte sequences within the defined positions.

History

Early Development

The development of Korean character encoding standards in the 1970s was driven by the growing need to integrate into computing systems dominated by ASCII, which supported only Latin characters and posed compatibility issues for non-Latin scripts. Influenced by Japanese standards like JIS C 6220, which used a 7-bit framework for , early Korean efforts sought to create analogous solutions for Hangul jamo while adhering to international norms such as ISO 646. These initiatives aimed to enable basic text processing in Korean but were constrained by the era's hardware limitations, including limited memory and the prevalence of 7-bit environments that conflicted with more complex scripts. In 1974, the first edition of KS C 5601 was published as a variable-length 7-bit coded character set, assigning single-byte code points to 51 basic jamo elements to facilitate initial digital representation of Korean text. This approach prioritized efficiency in resource-scarce systems but covered only elemental components, requiring user assembly for full syllables, which limited its practicality for everyday use. The standard reflected the experimental nature of the time, focusing on core without extensive support, amid challenges like inadequate hardware for rendering composed characters. The 1982 second edition retained the core 7-bit main set from 1974 but introduced supplementary sets to expand coverage, including an early combining method akin to later Johab approaches for generating additional . These additions aimed to address gaps in character repertoire, such as more pre-combined forms and , but the increased complexity— involving variable-length sequences and manual composition—hindered widespread adoption. Persistent issues with 7-bit compatibility and the scarcity of supporting hardware and software further stalled progress, underscoring the need for a more robust framework. This paved the way for the shift to double-byte encodings in subsequent standards.

Standardization and Name Change

The third edition of KS C 5601, published in 1986, introduced the double-byte Wansung encoding as the primary character set, utilizing precomposed and ensuring compatibility with ISO 2022 standards, commonly implemented in the EUC-KR form for practical applications. This shift marked a significant advancement in handling Korean text digitally, moving away from earlier variable-length approaches to a more efficient fixed double-byte structure for the 94×94 grid. A subsequent revision in 1987 formalized the Wansung format without modifications to the core character set, solidifying its role as the national standard for Korean information interchange. This edition addressed implementation details while maintaining the 2,350 precomposed and supporting characters, enabling broader adoption in environments. In August 1997, as part of a comprehensive overhaul of the Korean Industrial Standards numbering scheme, the standard was redesignated from KS C 5601 to KS X 1001, with the updated edition published in 1998 to reflect the new KS X classification for standards. The change aimed to streamline and modernize the categorization of standards, assigning sequential numbers like 1001 for the and code set. Following its establishment, KS X 1001 (formerly KS C 5601) emerged as the de facto standard for encoding Korean text across DOS, Windows, and Unix systems, facilitating widespread use in software and data processing until the widespread adoption of Unicode in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

Major Revisions

The 1992 revision of KS X 1001, then known as KS C 5601-1992, expanded the standard by incorporating annexes that defined alternative encoding schemes for Hangul syllables to accommodate varying implementation needs in Korean computing environments. Annex 3 formalized the Johab encoding, a direct compositional method that maps the 11,172 possible modern Hangul syllables using five-bit values for leading and vowel jamo followed by a trailing jamo, enabling full coverage beyond the precomposed syllables in the main Wansung set. Annex 4 similarly documented the legacy N-byte Hangul encoding, an earlier variable-length approach for representing Hangul components. These additions addressed practical demands from software like word processors that had adopted Johab-like schemes prior to formal standardization, promoting interoperability without altering the core 94×94 grid structure. In the 1998 revision, KS X 1001 underwent updates to incorporate contemporary symbols and align with the broader KS X series nomenclature, reflecting the Korean Industrial Standards Committee's shift from the KS C prefix. Key additions included the euro sign (U+20AC €) at position 2-A4 and the registered trademark symbol (U+00AE ®) at 2-B0, enhancing support for international financial and legal notations in Korean text processing. These changes ensured compatibility with emerging global standards while maintaining backward compatibility for existing implementations, such as those in EUC-KR. The 2002 revision marked the final major update to KS X 1001, introducing the Korean postal code mark (U+327E ㉾) at row 2, column 72, to denote postal services in official documents and envelopes. This addition responded to requests from the Korea Post for a standardized symbol in digital formats, with the character proposed for inclusion in the Unicode Standard following its adoption in the Korean norm. No further substantive changes occurred, as evidenced by the minor 2004 edition that primarily assigned formal names to existing characters without expanding the repertoire, with the 2004 edition last confirmed without changes in 2014. By 2025, KS X 1001 has seen no significant revisions since 2002, preserved primarily for compatibility in South Korean software and data archives. Its mappings, including those from the 2004 edition, continue to be referenced in the Standard for compatibility ideographs and , facilitating conversion from older Korean encodings. The standard's active development declined around 2000 with the widespread adoption of , which subsumed KS X 1001's character repertoire into more universal blocks like and , reducing the need for proprietary national updates.

Technical Specifications

Code Structure and ISO Compatibility

KS X 1001 organizes its characters within a 94×94 grid, yielding 8,836 assignable code points arranged as two-byte sequences comprising a lead byte and a trail byte. The grid positions are logical, with actual byte values depending on the encoding variant; certain grid positions serve as fillers rather than defined characters. This structure aligns with ISO/IEC 2022 conventions for multi-byte encodings, facilitating integration into internationalized text streams. In ISO-2022-KR, KS X 1001 occupies the GR (graphics right) plane for double-byte Korean characters, designated via escape sequences such as ESC $ ) C, while the GL (graphics left) plane handles single-byte ASCII; shifts between planes enable mixed-language content without fixed widths. EUC-KR, conversely, applies KS X 1001 in a strictly double-byte format, using lead and trail bytes of 0xA1–0xFE (94 values each) for compatibility with systems. The mapping from EUC-KR bytes to KS X 1001 code points uses the formula for the table pointer: (lead−0xA1)×94+(trail−0xA1)( \text{lead} - 0xA1 ) \times 94 + ( \text{trail} - 0xA1 ), which locates the corresponding character in the standard's index (0-based; add 1 for row and column numbers). While predominantly double-byte, the ISO 2022 compatibility of KS X 1001 permits variable-length sequences, including up to 8-byte combinations of jamo elements and the filler for encoding rare syllables, although such extensions are seldom implemented.

Hangul Filler and Composition

In KS X 1001, the Hangul Filler character, located at row 4, column 52 (0xA4D4 in the Wansung encoding), serves as a placeholder to enable the representation of not included among the standard's 2,350 precomposed forms. This filler initiates and pads multi-component sequences, allowing for the decomposition and recomposition of syllables using individual jamo elements from row 4 of the code table. The composition method employs fixed-length 8-byte sequences (four 2-byte codes) consisting of the Filler followed by an jamo, a jamo, and either a final jamo or another instance of the filler if no final is present. For example, the 믜 (U+B95C) is encoded as 0xA4D4 0xA4B1 0xA4D2 0xA4D4, corresponding to filler + ㅁ () + ㅢ () + filler. Similarly, the 눾 (U+B23E) uses 0xA4D4 0xA4A4 0xA4CE 0xA4A3 for filler + ㄴ () + ㅞ () + ㄳ (final). These sequences intersperse the filler to maintain structural consistency, drawing exclusively from the compatibility jamo in row 4. This mechanism addresses a key limitation of KS X 1001, which precomposes only 2,350 of the 11,172 possible modern , thereby enabling full coverage through decomposition while extending encoded length for non-precomposed forms. However, the approach increases storage requirements compared to single-code precomposed syllables and is primarily a legacy feature for compatibility. In , the Hangul Filler maps directly to U+3164, but the composition system is non-standard and not natively supported; sequences are typically normalized to precomposed in the range U+AC00–U+D7A3 during conversion for round-trip compatibility. This normalization ensures that filler-based representations render correctly without preserving the original decomposed structure unless explicitly required for legacy KS X 1001 processing.

Encoding Variants

Wansung Encoding

Wansung Encoding, also known as the completion or precomposed form, is the primary variant of (formerly KS C 5601) that employs a double-byte fixed-length structure for representing common Korean characters. Standardized in the 1987 edition of KS C 5601, it defines a 94×94 grid containing 2,350 precomposed , 4,888 characters, and 986 additional symbols and punctuation marks, enabling efficient encoding of standard Korean text. For rare not included in the precomposed set, the encoding allows variable-length representation through a composition mechanism using a dedicated filler character followed by individual jamo components, resulting in an 8-byte sequence. In its implementation within the EUC-KR coded character set, Wansung uses leading and trailing bytes in the range 0xA1 to 0xFE for multibyte characters, with single-byte ASCII (0x00-0x7F) for compatibility, directly mapping to the KS X 1001 grid without additional offsets. This structure aligns with the ISO 2022 framework, where the 94-character subsets (shifted by adding 0x80 to ISO 2022 codes) facilitate 7-bit and 8-bit data transmission over networks. The filler, corresponding to U+3164, initiates the composition sequence for uncommon syllables by preceding the leading , , and optional trailing jamo, though this feature is primarily for legacy compatibility and rarely utilized in practice. The advantages of Wansung Encoding lie in its simplicity and efficiency for prevalent Korean content, where most text requires only two bytes per character, and its adherence to ISO 2022 ensures seamless integration in international environments. It became the for Korean text in operating systems via EUC-KR and was adopted in early Windows platforms through Code Page 949 (CP949), an extension that adds support for more while preserving the core Wansung mapping. However, its drawbacks include restriction to precomposed forms, limiting coverage to frequently used syllables and necessitating the cumbersome 8-byte filler sequences for others, which many software implementations do not fully support, leading to rendering issues or fallback to separate jamo display.

Johab Encoding

Johab encoding, also known as 조합 (johap, meaning "combining"), is a supplementary fixed double-byte character encoding defined in Annex 3 of the revision of KS X 1001. It systematically assigns 16-bit code points to all 11,172 possible modern by decomposing them into their constituent jamo elements: 19 initial consonants (indices 0–18), 21 vowels (indices 0–20), and 28 final consonants or none (indices 0–27). This approach enables complete coverage of modern without relying on precomposed characters or filler bytes, unlike the primary Wansung encoding in KS X 1001. The structure of Johab is non-compliant with ISO 2022 standards, employing a fixed double-byte format where Hangul syllables occupy the code range from 0x8440 to 0xF9FC. The code point for a syllable is computed using the formula:

code = 0x8440 + (initial × 588 + vowel × 28 + final)

code = 0x8440 + (initial × 588 + vowel × 28 + final)

where 588 equals 21 × 28, reflecting the dimensions of the jamo combination space. For example, the syllable 가 (U+AC00; initial ㄱ=0, vowel ㅏ=0, final none=0) maps to 0x8440, while each increment in the indices shifts the position accordingly within the grid. Beyond Hangul, Johab incorporates the full set of 4,888 Hanja characters from KS X 1001 in the range 0x8140–0x83FE (lead byte 0x81–0x83), as well as half-width representations of Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, and symbols (corresponding to elements in KS X 1003 and other sets) in the range 0x8540–0xA0C2. Historically, Johab gained popularity in the for Korean , particularly in MS-DOS environments and applications like the Hangul Word Processor (Hancom Office precursors), where its exhaustive Hangul support facilitated syllable composition without compatibility issues from partial precomposition. Its use declined sharply by 2000, supplanted by adoption and Microsoft's Unified Hangul Code (Windows Code Page 949), which integrated Johab's full Hangul syllable set into an EUC-KR extension for broader Windows compatibility. Today, Johab persists mainly in legacy systems and font mappings but is largely obsolete outside niche preservation efforts.

N-byte Hangul Encoding

The N-byte encoding, also known as the variable-length code, was originally defined in the 1974 edition of KS C 5601 and further specified in the 1982 revision, before being relegated to Annex 4 of the 1992 standard as a legacy method. This scheme employs 7-bit single-byte codes to encode 51 basic jamo elements—comprising 19 initial consonants, 21 vowels, and 11 final consonants—while incorporating the full ASCII set in the 0x00–0x7F range for compatibility with Latin scripts. The jamo are assigned to printable 7-bit positions from 0x40 to 0x7C, ensuring the encoding remains within standard 7-bit transmission limits, though this often led to synchronization challenges in mixed ASCII- text. Syllables are constructed through a fixed three-byte sequence of these jamo bytes, representing the choseong (initial consonant), jungseong (vowel), and jongseong (final consonant or none), with a dedicated filler character used for absent components. Jamo codes occupy the range 0x40 to 0x7C, excluding certain control and punctuation positions to avoid conflicts with ASCII, and are sequenced in the order of initial, medial, and final components. For instance, the syllable "가" (ga, initial ㄱ + vowel ㅏ + no final) is encoded as three bytes: code for ㄱ, code for ㅏ, and the filler code (e.g., 0x40), allowing dynamic composition without fixed positions. This approach prioritized compactness for early computing environments but demanded parsers to detect syllable boundaries via the filler, introducing parsing overhead. Despite its innovative decomposition for basic modern , the encoding had significant limitations, supporting only the 51 core jamo without provisions for () or archaic elements, thus restricting it to simple Korean text. It was particularly vulnerable to 7-bit truncation in international networks, where high-bit jamo could be stripped, rendering syllables illegible, and its structure complicated error detection compared to fixed-width alternatives. Adoption remained minimal, confined to early Korean minicomputers and terminals in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as it failed to scale for document processing or mixed-script applications. In modern contexts, the N-byte scheme has been entirely supplanted by double-byte fixed encodings like Wansung and Johab, which offer greater efficiency and completeness, though it persists in Annex 4 solely for historical compatibility and conversion utilities in legacy systems. This early method laid foundational concepts for jamo-based decomposition but proved inadequate for widespread use, paving the way for the comprehensive double-byte variants in subsequent KS C 5601 revisions.

Character Sets

Non-Hanja Non-Precomposed Characters

The non-Hanja non-precomposed characters in KS X 1001 comprise 986 supplementary glyphs organized across the first 15 rows of the 94×94 code table, providing essential symbols, scripts, and components for Korean-language computing beyond precomposed and . These characters facilitate , , compatibility with Latin-based systems, and inclusion of foreign scripts, ensuring broad in legacy Korean environments. Encoded in the range 0xA1A1–0xAFFE in the Wansung variant, they map primarily to Unicode blocks such as CJK Symbols and (U+3000–U+303F), Fullwidth Forms (U+FF00–U+FFEF), Compatibility Jamo (U+3130–U+318F), Greek and Coptic (U+0370–U+03FF), (U+2500–U+257F), and others. Row 1 (0xA1) dedicates 94 positions to special characters and , including the ideographic (0xA1A1; U+3000), enumeration comma (0xA1AC; U+FF0C), (0xA1AD; U+FF0E), and the filler (0xA1D9; U+3164), which serves as a placeholder in composition processes. This row emphasizes typographic elements common in East Asian , such as middle dots (0xA1B0; U+30FB) and book title marks. Rows 2 and 3 focus on additional symbols and compatibility with basic Latin repertoires akin to ISO 646-KR. Row 2 allocates 69 slots for diverse symbols, including brackets like guillemets (0xA2A4; U+3008) and corner quotes (0xA2A5; U+3009). Row 3 provides 94 fullwidth equivalents of ASCII characters, such as fullwidth (0xA3A3; U+FF06), digits 0–9 (0xA3B0–0xA3B9; U+FF10–U+FF19), and uppercase letters A–Z (0xA3C1–0xA3DA; U+FF21–U+FF3A), enabling seamless integration with Roman script in mixed-language documents. Row 4 reserves space for 51 jamo used in and composition, comprising 14 (initials), 21 , and 16 finals (with some positions unused). Representative examples include the ᄀ KIYEOK (0xA4A1; U+3131), ㅏ A (0xA4D3; U+314F), and final ᆨ KIYEOK (0xA4C2; U+3168). These compatibility jamo support legacy double-byte composition schemes. The jamo in this row are utilized in the N-byte encoding variant for building syllables dynamically. Rows 5 through 15 encompass an eclectic assortment of symbols and scripts, totaling the remaining characters to 986 across the section (with varying occupancy per row to exclude redundancies). Row 5 includes 68 Greek letters in upright form, such as Α ALPHA (0xA5A1; U+0391) and ω omega (0xA5C6; U+03C9). Row 6 features 68 box-drawing elements for tabular and graphical layouts, exemplified by light horizontal line (0xA6A1; U+2500) and vertical (0xA6A4; U+2502). Subsequent rows address specialized categories: row 7 for CJK compatibility forms and measurement units (e.g., ㎞ 0xA7B0; U+339E); row 8 for Roman numerals and ideographic number forms; rows 9–10 for measurement units like square meter (0xA9A1; U+33A0) and extended Latin with diacritics (e.g., Æ 0xA9B1; U+00C6); rows 11–12 for fractions, superscripts, and subscripts (e.g., ½ 0xAAB0; U+00BD); row 13 for 46 Hiragana syllables (e.g., ぁ small a 0xACA1; U+3041); row 14 for 46 Katakana (e.g., ァ small a 0xADA1; U+30A1); and row 15 for 33 Cyrillic letters (e.g., А 0xAEA1; U+0410) plus Apple-specific punctuation variants like wavy dash (0xAFA5; U+301C). These groupings prioritize utility in technical, scientific, and multilingual Korean contexts while minimizing overlaps with Hanja.

Precomposed Hangul Syllables

The precomposed block in KS X 1001 occupies rows 16 through 40 in the 94×94 character arrangement, corresponding to lead bytes from 0xB0 to 0xC8 and encompassing exactly 2,350 code points (25 lead bytes × 94 trail bytes per row). This dedicated range ensures efficient encoding of frequently occurring modern Korean syllables in legacy systems compatible with EUC-KR and ISO 2022 frameworks. These syllables are formed by combining 19 initial consonants (choseong), 21 vowels (jungseong), and 28 finals (jongseong, including the absence of a final), but KS X 1001 limits inclusion to common modern combinations, omitting obsolete jamo elements. While the full set of possible modern totals 11,172 (calculated as 19 initials × 21 vowels × 28 finals), only the 2,350 most frequent ones are encoded, selected through analysis of usage frequency in Korean text corpora to prioritize practical coverage for everyday language. The 2,350 syllables represent a of valid -vowel-final triplets based on their prevalence, ensuring high utility without exhaustive enumeration; for instance, the highly common syllable "가" (g a, ㄱ + ㅏ + no final) is assigned to 0xB0A1. This frequency-driven approach covers approximately 21% of theoretical combinations but accounts for the vast majority of occurrences in typical Korean writing.

Hanja Characters

The characters in KS X 1001 comprise 4,888 ideographs, occupying rows 42 through 93 of the code table, which correspond to lead bytes ranging from 0xCA to 0xFD in the Wansung encoding variant. These positions follow the standard's 94×94 grid structure, with each row containing 94 characters. The selection of these draws from commonly used characters in Korean contexts, emphasizing those integral to such as terms in , , and daily , while excluding extended, rare, or archaic variants not prevalent in modern usage. This curated set maps to the in , ensuring interoperability, but includes 268 duplicates where identical glyphs are encoded separately to distinguish variant pronunciations in Sino-Korean readings, with disambiguation relying on contextual interpretation. Organization within the block prioritizes phonetic arrangement by (Sino-Korean reading) over a strict radical-stroke index, facilitating lookup in dictionary-like applications and accommodating multiple sound-based entries for polysemous characters; for instance, row 42 initiates the sequence with the fundamental ideograph 一 (il, meaning "one") at 0xCAA1. Subsequent rows group related readings thematically, progressing through common radicals like 人 (in) and 山 (san) in early sections, to more complex compounds in later rows up to 93, thereby supporting efficient encoding for Korean text processing without encompassing the full spectrum of characters.

Relation to Unicode and Modern Usage

Unicode Mappings

The precomposed in KS X 1001, numbering 2,350, directly map to a subset of the Unicode block (U+AC00–U+D7A3), enabling straightforward conversion for modern Korean text representation. These mappings preserve the original , with KS X 1001 code points such as 0xB0A1 (가) corresponding to U+AC00 and 0xC8F9 (힣) to U+D7A3, ensuring compatibility in legacy-to-Unicode transformations. KS X 1001 also employs compatibility Jamo characters, which map to the Compatibility Jamo block (U+3131–U+318E), including 94 basic forms for consonants, vowels, and archaic variants used in non-conjoining sequences. Leading and trailing Jamo further align with the Jamo block (U+1100–U+11FF) for purposes, while the Hangul filler character (0xA0 in KS X 1001 lead byte context) maps to U+3164 to handle spacing in syllable compositions. These mappings support normalization processes, where KS X 1001 filler sequences are typically converted to precomposed Unicode syllables via Unicode's NFKC normalization form. Hanja characters from KS X 1001, totaling 4,888 including duplicates, primarily map to the block (U+4E00–U+9FFF) in , with specific assignments tracked in the Unihan database via the kIRG_KSource property prefixed by "K0" for KS X 1001:1992/2004 codes. For instance, the 韓 (U+97D3) corresponds to KS X 1001 code 0xEACE, reflecting unified glyph forms across East Asian standards. The kHangul property in Unihan further provides pronunciation data sourced from KS X 1001 (indicated as "0"), aiding in reading support. Among these, 268 Hanja entries in KS X 1001 are duplicates or variants, often mapping to the CJK Compatibility Ideographs block (U+F900–U+FAFF) in to preserve distinct shapes, such as alternative forms of 熙 (U+7199 or compatibility U+FA0D). These variants can lead to discrepancies in rendering across operating systems, where Windows implementations (via UHC extensions) may prioritize certain compatibility mappings over unified ideographs, differing from Unix-based EUC-KR conversions. Other symbols in KS X 1001, including Latin characters, map directly to the Basic Latin and blocks (U+0000–U+00FF); Greek letters to U+0370–U+03FF; and Cyrillic to U+0400–U+04FF, facilitating seamless integration with international scripts. Unicode 17.0 maintains compatibility with KS X 1001:1998 for archaic characters, particularly in the Compatibility Jamo block, ensuring round-trip conversion for legacy data containing historical jamo forms not unified in earlier blocks.

Compatibility and Legacy Applications

KS X 1001 remains a legacy encoding in modern systems, primarily through its integration into extended standards like Windows Code Page 949 (CP949), which serves as a Johab extension and superset for handling additional Korean characters beyond the original EUC-KR implementation. In environments, EUC-KR continues to encode KS X 1001 for compatibility with older Korean text processing. Despite the widespread adoption of , KS X 1001 persists in niche applications, including Adobe-KR fonts that incorporate its glyphs for rendering and characters in CJK . It is also supported in standards such as , where it enables the representation of Korean patient data and labels using its two-byte structure for and . Usage on the web has declined sharply, with less than 0.1% of websites employing KS C 5601 (the former designation of KS X 1001) as of recent surveys. Conversion from KS X 1001 to is facilitated by standard libraries like iconv, which map its 94×94 grid of code points to equivalents, though care must be taken to handle partial syllable decompositions and variants. Challenges arise in legacy Korean software and games, where undecoded KS X 1001 data can result in or display errors; for instance, certain Korean titles rely on EUC-KR encoding derived from KS X 1001, complicating emulation or porting on modern platforms without proper conversion tools. For broader compatibility, IBM's Korean Graphic Character Set functions as a superset of KS X 1001, incorporating all its characters plus additional glyphs for enterprise applications. CJK fonts often require KS X 1001-specific glyphs to ensure accurate rendering of its precomposed syllables and , particularly in cross-platform environments. The standard's usage has declined significantly since the inclusion of Korean support in 2.0 in 1996, which provided a universal alternative, yet it endures in embedded systems like medical devices and legacy hardware where resource constraints favor its fixed two-byte efficiency over variable-length UTF-8. KS X 1001 is maintained primarily for in standards like and HL7, ensuring with historical data, but has seen no active expansions since the early , reflecting its stabilized role in transitional workflows.

References

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  41. https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr38/tr38-36.html
  42. https://github.com/adobe-type-tools/Adobe-KR
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