One New Change
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One New Change is a major office and retail development in the City of London.[1] It comprises 560,000 square feet (52,000 m2) of floor space, including 220,000 square feet (20,000 m2) of retail space and 330,000 square feet (31,000 m2) of office space[2] and is the only large shopping centre in the City of London, the historic nucleus and modern financial centre of London. It cost £500 million to build and was completed in October 2010.[1]
Key Information
The complex is located on New Change, a road linking Cannon Street with Cheapside, in one of the areas of the City historically associated with retailing and markets. It is close to St Paul's Cathedral. The nearest London Underground stations are St Paul's and Mansion House.
History and background
[edit]
The development's sensitive location – opposite St Paul's Cathedral – and its modern architecture led to some controversy during its planning and construction, including criticism from King Charles III, the then Prince of Wales.[3] The architect was Jean Nouvel and the developer was Land Securities.[1][2] The new eight-storey, 34 m high centre[4] replaced an 11-storey, 40 m building constructed in the 1950s for the Bank of England, which was demolished in 2007.[5] The complex's distinctive appearance has given it the nickname "the stealth bomber".[1]
One New Change opened its doors to the public at midday on 28 October 2010.[6] The roof terrace, with its restaurant and cafe, was opened on 18 November 2010.[7]
Location
[edit]One New Change lies entirely within Bread Street ward. Its name derives from the road running between it and St Paul's, itself a post-War creation, replacing a much older street called Old Change. It is bounded by Cheapside to the north, Bread Street to the east, Watling Street to the south, and New Change to the west. Within the centre, the north–south arcade is called Cheapside Passage and the east–west arcade is New Change Passage.
The shopping centre is located in an area of London's historic nucleus that was widely known for its retail – 'Cheapside' being Old English for "market-place" – and many of the roads around One New Change are named after the produce once sold in the area, such as Poultry, Honey Lane, Milk Street and Bread Street.

Design
[edit]The principal architect for the One New Change development was the French architect Jean Nouvel.[8] The development also features high-profile interiors by Tom Dixon for the on-site restaurant Barbecoa,[9] which was replaced by Ivy Asia in November 2019.[10]
Tenants
[edit]Sixty shops and restaurants are located in One New Change, including a number of large high-street retailers. A barbecue restaurant and butcher called Barbecoa was a joint-venture by Jamie Oliver and Adam Perry-Lang.[7][11] It was replaced by Ivy Asia in November 2019.[12]
The shopping centre is open seven days a week, which is notable as in recent times most shops and restaurants in the City have been closed at the weekends.[13][14] A Gordon Ramsay restaurant and bar named Bread Street Kitchen opened at One New Change in September 2011.[15]
Public art
[edit]The centre is the location of a 40-foot sculpture of a rusty nail by artist Gavin Turk, officially unveiled in 2012.[16] The Guardian's art critic Jonathan Jones described the sculpture as "modest and humorous", with Turk explaining that he saw it as "a nostalgic thing because I don't think there's a nail in that entire building."[17]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d "One New Change: never brown in town". The Guardian. 20 October 2010. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
- ^ a b "Key Facts". Land Securities. Archived from the original on 21 October 2010. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
- ^ "Royal disapproval: how Prince Charles tried to stop a modern 'masterpiece'". The Guardian. 16 August 2009. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
- ^ Skyscrapernews.com One New Change, London (new)
- ^ Skyscrapernews.com Archived 29 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine One New Change, London (old)
- ^ Thomas, Daniel (27 October 2010). "Retail centre gambles on Square Mile". Financial Times. Retrieved 29 October 2010.
- ^ a b One New Change Store Guide (October 2010)
- ^ "One New Change: never brown in town". The Guardian. 20 October 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
- ^ "RESTAURANT: BARBECOA (ST PAUL'S)". London Design Guide. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^ "Millionaire's Version of an 'Asian' Restaurant Replaces Jamie Oliver's City Steakhouse". Eater London. 2 September 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
- ^ "Barbecoa Steakhouse Restaurants in London – Home of Smoke & Fire". Barbecoa.
- ^ "London's Best New Restauarant & Bar Openings: November 2019". The Resident. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
- ^ "One New Change impresses City of London shoppers". The Guardian. 30 October 2010. Retrieved 30 October 2010.
- ^ Evening Standard Opening of One New Change...
- ^ Bread Street Kitchen
- ^ "40-foot rusty nail unveiled in the City - just wait until you see the hammer". Evening Standard. 12 April 2012. Archived from the original on 31 January 2025. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
- ^ Jones, Jonathan (1 May 2011). "Gavin Turk: 'All sculpture is public sculpture'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
External links
[edit]
Media related to One New Change at Wikimedia Commons
One New Change
View on GrokipediaDevelopment History
Site Background and Pre-Development Use
The site of One New Change, bounded by New Change, Cheapside, Bread, and Watling Streets in the City of London, suffered extensive destruction during the Blitz of World War II, as part of the widespread bombing that razed much of the area surrounding St. Paul's Cathedral.[7][8] Pre-war structures, including parts of the ancient street Old Change (from which New Change derives its name), were demolished in the aftermath, with the new street layout established post-war. In the reconstruction efforts of the 1950s, the site was redeveloped with New Change Court (also referred to as New Change Buildings), a neo-Georgian office building constructed between 1953 and 1960, clad in Portland stone and red brick.[9][10][11] Designed by architect Victor Heal, the building served primarily as office space for the Bank of England and included a formal garden.[7][9] Despite its austere design providing a sympathetic backdrop to St. Paul's Cathedral, the structure faced criticism for its utilitarian qualities and was acquired by developer Land Securities in 1994 with permissions for redevelopment.[10][12] Demolition occurred between 2006 and 2007, clearing the way for the modern mixed-use project amid limited opposition.[4][13][14]Planning Process and Controversies
The planning application for One New Change was submitted by developer Land Securities to the City of London Corporation for the redevelopment of the site previously occupied by the 1960s Bank of New Zealand building on New Change, opposite St Paul's Cathedral.[4] The proposal, designed by French architect Jean Nouvel following an invited competition, envisioned a mixed-use complex with retail, offices, and a public rooftop terrace, emphasizing modern glass facades pierced by angular cuts to frame views of the cathedral dome while maximizing floorspace.[4] In 2005, after a review by the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE), which deemed the design broadly positive for its contextual sensitivity and innovation, planning permission was granted by the City of London authorities.[4] The project's proximity to St Paul's Cathedral—a Grade I listed heritage asset—and its stark modernist aesthetic sparked significant controversy during the approval phase, with critics arguing it risked undermining the cathedral's historic setting through incongruous contemporary forms.[15] A prominent objection came from then-Prince Charles, who in 2005 privately lobbied Land Securities CEO Francis Salway via letter to replace Nouvel with a traditionalist architect such as Quinlan Terry, citing the success of Paternoster Square's neoclassical redevelopment as a preferable model and offering assistance from his Prince's Foundation for the Built Environment.[15] Land Securities rejected the suggestion, prioritizing the selected design's compliance with planning policies on views and urban regeneration, leading to accusations from architectural bodies like the Royal Institute of British Architects that the prince's intervention improperly influenced democratic planning processes.[15][16] Despite these debates, no formal heritage objections from bodies like English Heritage halted progress, as the scheme incorporated mitigations such as angled perforations to preserve key sightlines to St Paul's and geotechnical assessments to avoid structural impacts on the cathedral's foundations.[5] Permission stood, reflecting the City of London's balancing of heritage preservation with economic development needs in a constrained urban core.[4]Construction and Opening
Construction of One New Change began following the clearance of the site, which included demolishing the previous Bank of England buildings and other structures by the end of 2007, with main works progressing through 2008 and 2009 under the direction of developer Land Securities and lead architect Jean Nouvel in collaboration with Sidell Gibson Architects.[17][4] The project involved constructing a 560,000 square foot mixed-use complex comprising office, retail, and public spaces, utilizing a steel frame with glass cladding to achieve its distinctive angular form.[18] Key milestones included topping out in October 2009, marking the completion of the structural frame.[19] The development was completed in October 2010 at a total cost of £500 million.[20] One New Change officially opened to the public on 28 October 2010, featuring over 60 retail outlets, restaurants, and office spaces immediately adjacent to St. Paul's Cathedral.[21][22] The opening positioned it as the City of London's first dedicated shopping center, designed to integrate seamlessly with the surrounding historic context while providing modern amenities.[23]Location and Context
Geographical Position
One New Change is located at 1 New Change, London EC4M 9AF, within the City of London, a square mile district serving as the financial and historic nucleus of Greater London.[18][24] The site falls under the jurisdiction of the City of London Corporation, encompassing approximately 1.12 square miles (2.9 square kilometers) and characterized by its dense concentration of commercial high-rises amid medieval street patterns.[25] Geographical coordinates place the building at approximately 51.5139° N latitude and 0.0959° W longitude, positioning it centrally within the Roman-era boundaries of Londinium, elevated at about 10-15 meters above sea level amid the Thames floodplain.[26][27] This places One New Change roughly 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers) west of the Tower of London and 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) east of Westminster, integrated into the Capital's radial transport network.[28]Relation to Historical Landmarks
One New Change occupies a site directly east of St. Paul's Cathedral, the principal church of England designed by Sir Christopher Wren and constructed between 1675 and 1710 following the Great Fire of London in 1666.[3] This proximity necessitated strict design constraints to preserve protected sightlines of the cathedral's dome, including height limitations and alignments that avoid obstruction from key vantage points such as Parliament Hill and Greenwich Park.[29][30]The development's positioning at the corner of New Change and Cheapside places it within the historic retailing district of the City of London, where medieval and post-medieval trade routes converged, though the immediate site featured 1960s-era buildings erected after wartime destruction.[31][32] During the Blitz of 1940-1941, surrounding areas were heavily bombed while St. Paul's endured, symbolizing resilience; the subsequent clearance of the site for One New Change thus contrasts modern commercial architecture against this preserved Baroque landmark.[33]
Architect Jean Nouvel incorporated elements to foster visual dialogue with the cathedral, such as a terraced roofline that culminates in a facade viewable from the dome, intended as a contemporary homage rather than replication.[3] The building's public rooftop terrace, accessible free of charge, offers unobstructed panoramas of St. Paul's dome and the surrounding skyline, enhancing public appreciation of the landmark without altering its immediate setting.[1][34] This integration reflects planning efforts to balance urban regeneration with heritage preservation in the City's core.[35]
Architecture and Design
Overall Concept and Influences
One New Change represents French architect Jean Nouvel's vision for a contemporary mixed-use complex that integrates retail arcades, office spaces, and public thoroughfares to enhance connectivity in the City of London. The core concept revolves around excavating internal passageways through the site, forming a central crossroads that links Cheapside with Watling Street and Bread Street with New Change, thereby reinstating pedestrian flows disrupted by prior development. These routes, open to the sky in parts, are oriented to frame deliberate views of St. Paul's Cathedral, positioning the building as an urban interface that dialogues with Christopher Wren's historic dome rather than competing with it.[3][36] Influenced by 19th-century covered arcades such as Burlington Arcade and Piccadilly Arcade, Nouvel sought to create 21st-century equivalents that foster a lively, exploratory atmosphere within the block, with matte exterior facades echoing the surrounding stone and brick to blend contextually while shiny interior surfaces invite passage. A key element is the inclusion of a panoramic rooftop terrace, accessible via public lifts, offering unobstructed 360-degree vistas of the city and proximate views of St. Paul's, complemented by a reflective steel sphere that mirrors the cathedral's dome to underscore visual harmony. Nouvel described the project as enriching the City with "a new sort of modernity," deferential yet assertive in its angular form, which some observers likened to a stealth bomber for its sleek, dark-glazed profile.[3][12][30] This approach stems from site-specific constraints, including protected sightlines to St. Paul's under UK planning law, prompting a design that respects the baroque landmark's silhouette through a stepped roofscape and perforated envelope allowing light filtration without obstruction. By prioritizing urban permeability over monolithic presence, the concept counters the site's previous 1960s Bank of England occupation, aiming instead for symbiotic integration with the historic fabric.[4][37]Structural and Material Features
One New Change employs a steel frame as its primary structural system, replacing the earlier 1960 Bank of England complex that also utilized a steel frame clad in brick and stone.[4] The design optimizes usable floor area while preserving protected viewing corridors to St. Paul's Cathedral, achieved through strategic massing and cut-through arcades that integrate public passageways.[29] Structural engineering was handled by Arup, with facade engineering by RFR, ensuring the faceted geometry is supported by subframes integrated with the steel structure.[3][38] The building's envelope is dominated by a high-performance glass facade comprising approximately 4,300 uniquely shaped panels, each featuring ceramic fritting in varying patterns and tones of red, grey, and beige to mimic surrounding stone and brick while minimizing reflectivity and absorbing light.[39][40] These matte, smooth panels transition from opaque to transparent, with dot patterns evolving from ovals to parallelograms, and are applied over the folded steel structural elements visible in arcade ruptures under lightly fritted glazing.[4][10] For the office levels, the facade utilizes a unitised curtain wall system where double-glazed units are structurally bonded to aluminum cassettes, screw-fixed to mullions for enhanced thermal performance and modularity.[41] Lower retail facades incorporate exposed steel elements, while upper sections feature vertical unitised aluminum cladding panels; additional materials include limestone cladding and polished metal accents, with shinier finishes reserved for interior passages.[42][39][3] The overall construction emphasizes durability and contextual integration, though the brown-toned glass has drawn criticism for clashing with the City's historic palette.[12]Interior Layout and Public Spaces
The interior layout of One New Change centers on a primary arcade crossing that connects Cheapside to Watling Street and Bread Street to New Change, forming a network of passageways that bisect the block and enhance pedestrian connectivity.[3] This crossroads configuration organizes retail shops on three levels around the arcade, with office spaces above, creating a multi-functional public route through the development.[3] The polished, reflective interior surfaces contrast with the building's matte exterior, inviting exploration and reflecting surrounding urban elements.[3] Public circulation occurs via two covered walkways that traverse the structure, linking external streets and facilitating access to retail and dining areas without vehicular interruption.[43] The central atrium features innovative geometric balustrades along each level, composed of bespoke trapezoidal glass panels with graduating fritted patterns, which provide safety while augmenting visual dynamism and light diffusion in the retail environment.[44] A prominent steel sphere within the atrium serves as both an architectural landmark and a reflective element capturing views of St Paul's Cathedral dome.[3] The roof terrace, accessible via a panoramic glass lift from the arcade crossing, constitutes a key public space offering 360-degree city views, including unobstructed vistas of St Paul's Cathedral.[3] [43] Spanning the sixth floor, this open terrace includes amenities such as cafés and restaurants, designed to integrate leisure with the urban panorama while maintaining public access.[43] The layout spans lower ground, ground, and first floors for retail, culminating in this elevated public realm that emphasizes the building's role in extending sightlines to historical landmarks.[45]Facilities and Operations
Retail and Dining Areas
One New Change features approximately 220,000 square feet (20,000 m²) of retail space across three lower floors, housing over 60 shops that blend international brands with British high-street retailers.[20][31] Notable tenants include Aesop for skincare products, Boots pharmacy, BOSS and Hackett for menswear, COS for minimalist fashion, Ellis Brigham for outdoor gear, Fraser Hart for jewelry, and H&M for affordable clothing.[46] The retail mix targets City workers and visitors, emphasizing convenience and variety in a compact urban setting.[1] Dining options span casual eateries to upscale venues, with around 20 food and drink outlets integrated into the retail floors and rooftop terrace.[31] Key establishments include Bread Street Kitchen by Gordon Ramsay for modern European cuisine, Garbanzos for Middle Eastern dishes, Gordon Ramsay Street Pizza for quick Italian bites, Krispy Kreme for doughnuts, and Marks & Spencer Simply Food for grab-and-go meals.[47] The flagship Madison rooftop bar and restaurant offers American-inspired fare with panoramic views of St. Paul's Cathedral, operating from a penthouse-level space accessible to the public.[48] These areas cater primarily to lunchtime crowds from nearby offices, supporting an annual footfall of 7.7 million visitors and generating £84 million in sales as of recent reports.[49]| Category | Examples |
|---|---|
| Retail Shops | Aesop, Boots, BOSS, COS, H&M, Hackett[46] |
| Dining Outlets | Bread Street Kitchen, Gordon Ramsay Street Pizza, Madison, Krispy Kreme[47] |
