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RM Condor
RM Condor
from Wikipedia

RM Condor is a large Royal Marines base located near Arbroath in East Angus, Scotland. The base also houses 7 (Sphinx) Battery Royal Artillery, part of 29 Commando Regiment Royal Artillery.

Key Information

History

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The base was first constructed as a naval air station for the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm in 1938, when it was known as Royal Naval Air Station Arbroath (RNAS Arbroath; or HMS Condor). It was opened on 19 June 1940. From the outset it was a training base, primarily involved in the training of naval aviators. A purpose-built 'aircraft carrier' sized landing area was constructed on the airfield and it, along with another similar facility at nearby East Haven, Angus, HMS Peewit was used to train aircrew in deck landing operations. In October, 1940, the base was attacked by Luftwaffe Heinkel He 111 bombers, operating from Norway, which resulted in minor damage (then valued at £6,000) being sustained to some Squadron buildings. Throughout the war years the base was additionally used as a rest area. Operational Squadrons from Royal Navy fleet and escort aircraft carriers would take it in turn to spend rest periods whilst their ships were undergoing maintenance at Scottish Naval ship repair facilities.[3]

Flying stopped in 1954 and the base became the home of the Royal Navy Aircraft Engineering Training School which had transferred from HMS Daedalus at Lee-on-Solent, Hampshire. It continued in this role until 1 April 1971 when the base became the home to 45 Commando Royal Marines, a part of 3 Commando Brigade.[4]

The base was thereafter known as RM Condor or Condor Barracks and remains an operational base to this day.[5]

A Better Defence Estate, published in November 2016, indicated that the Ministry of Defence would dispose of the airfield section of RM Condor by 2024.[6] In 2019, this decision was dropped, and the site will remain in use.[7]

Units

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The following units have been based here:[8]

  • M Flight 3 CDO BDE Air Sqn RM
  • Based units

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    Cadets

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    The establishment is also home to the Royal Marines Cadets of Arbroath Division Royal Marines Volunteer Cadet Corps.[11]

    Built heritage

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    The redundant airfield control tower is a category C listed building. The three storey building is one of two surviving examples of this particular type of control tower, which features an ambulance and crash tender garage. The tower, which was listed in May 2006, is noted by Historic Environment Scotland as being important in terms of naval and Second World War history, as well as for its local significance.[12]

    The Captain's House, formerly known as 'Woodlands', dates from the early 19th century. The two-storey and basement Regency mansion was listed as category B in June 1971.[13]

    See also

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    References

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    Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia
    from Grokipedia

    RM Condor is a principal Royal Marines base situated approximately 2 miles northwest of Arbroath in Angus, Scotland. It functions as the operational headquarters for 45 Commando Royal Marines, a light protected mobility commando unit specialized in amphibious assaults, rapid deployment, and multifaceted missions encompassing direct action raids, urban operations, and humanitarian assistance. The base also accommodates elements of 29 Commando Regiment Royal Artillery, including 7 (Sphinx) Battery, providing fire support integration for commando forces.
    Originally commissioned in 1938 as HMS Condor, a shore establishment for training during the Second World War, the site featured an airfield that supported intensive pilot and observer instruction amid wartime demands. Following postwar transitions, the facility was repurposed for occupation in 1971 upon 45 Commando's relocation from Plymouth, marking the commencement of its enduring role in sustaining Scotland's capabilities. Over subsequent decades, units from RM Condor have participated in pivotal operations, including the 1982 , Northern Ireland deployments, and interventions in , underscoring the base's strategic significance in British defense posture.

    History

    Origins as Naval Air Station

    RNAS Arbroath, later designated HMS Condor, was established in 1938 as a facility approximately two miles northwest of in , amid the Royal Navy's pre-World War II expansion of aviation capabilities. Construction of the airfield and associated infrastructure began that year to support training operations for naval aircraft, reflecting the Admiralty's anticipation of aerial demands. The site was one of several new air stations developed in the late , including those at , Yeovilton, and St Merryn, to bolster the 's readiness. The station was formally commissioned as HMS Condor on 19 June 1940, shortly after the outbreak of war, marking its operational activation as a Royal Naval Air Station. From inception, it functioned primarily as a training establishment for naval aviators, emphasizing deck-landing simulations and torpedo attack proficiency using purpose-built facilities such as a torpedo attack trainer. The airfield layout included four main runways to accommodate intensive flight operations, enabling it to serve as a parent unit for satellite stations like RNAS Dundee and RNAS Eastchurch. This foundational role positioned HMS Condor as a key node in the Fleet Air Arm's training network, preparing pilots for carrier-based operations.

    World War II and Post-War Era

    HMS Condor, commissioned as a Royal Naval Air Station on 19 June 1940, functioned primarily as a training facility for the Fleet Air Arm during World War II. It specialized in observer training through No. 2 Observers School, deck landing training, and naval air signals instruction, while serving as the parent station for RNAS Dundee and RNAS East Haven. The base supported visiting squadrons for operational basing and hosted extensive flight activities across its four main runways, contributing to the preparation of naval aviators amid the demands of the European and Pacific theaters. As one of the busiest airfields in Britain, HMS Condor played a vital role in sustaining the Royal Navy's carrier-based aviation capabilities, with its infrastructure enabling continuous training despite wartime constraints on resources and personnel. The station's focus remained on skill development rather than direct operations, aligning with the 's emphasis on readiness for amphibious and fleet support roles. In the immediate post-war period, HMS Condor transitioned to peacetime operations, hosting public demonstrations such as Naval Air Day on 19 September 1945, which allowed residents to observe aircraft and interact with station personnel. The base continued as a hub for training, adapting to reduced wartime scales while maintaining its aviation infrastructure, though some satellite facilities faced early demolitions. Throughout the and , it supported ongoing activities, reflecting the Royal Navy's post-war reorganization and commitments.

    Transition to Royal Marines Base

    In the late 1960s, as the Royal Navy's reduced its operational requirements at following the post-World War II contraction of training, the site—known as HMS Condor—was identified for repurposing. The Technical Engineering School, one of the last remaining naval units, relocated to RNAS Lee-on-Solent on 31 1971, facilitating the handover of the airfield and associated facilities to the . This transition aligned with broader efficiencies, converting surplus air station infrastructure into a commando base while retaining the runway for limited aviation support, such as helicopter operations. The base was redesignated RM Condor in 1971, becoming the permanent home for 45 Commando Royal Marines, which relocated from Stonehouse Barracks in Plymouth. This move followed the unit's return from extended overseas deployments, including 24 years of continuous operational service abroad ending in 1967, and supported its new role in NATO's northern flank exercises, such as winter training in Norway. The transition preserved key aviation-era structures like hangars for storage and training halls, adapting them for amphibious warfare preparation, while barracks expansions accommodated approximately 900 military and civilian personnel. No major disruptions to local operations occurred, as the Royal Marines integrated with existing support services; the site's strategic location in Angus provided proximity to training areas in the and North Sea coast, enhancing its utility for commando forces over previous bases.

    Facilities and Infrastructure

    Key Buildings and Built Heritage

    The built heritage of RM Condor derives from its establishment as Royal Naval Air Station (RNAS ), commissioned as HMS Condor in 1940 during . Originally constructed as one of four emergency airfields for the , the site's infrastructure includes and brick structures designed for wartime aviation operations. These early buildings, spanning approximately 48 hectares within the overall 201-hectare site, were repurposed after 1971 when the facility transitioned to a base. A prominent surviving element is the former control tower, built circa 1940 as a 3-storey, 5-bay rectangular-plan flat-roofed structure with a rendered shell over a frame. Elevated on to provide oversight of the airfield, it features large observation windows and utilitarian design typical of wartime military architecture. Designated as a Category C by in 2006, the tower holds special architectural and historical interest for its association with RNAS operations, including training of squadrons. While many original hangars and ancillary structures have been modified or replaced over decades of use, the control tower exemplifies the site's enduring WWII legacy, reflecting the shift from to training facilities without significant alteration to its core form. No other buildings at RM Condor are currently designated as listed, underscoring the control tower's unique status amid ongoing base modernization.

    Modern Upgrades and Recent Developments

    In August 2022, the outlined plans for a £50 million investment in RM Condor to modernise personnel accommodation and supporting infrastructure, with construction anticipated to commence in 2025 and span approximately two years. This initiative addressed longstanding deficiencies in living conditions at the base, aiming to provide enhanced single living accommodation for and support staff. Progress advanced in August 2025 when the awarded contracts under its programmatic approach to military housing upgrades, designating RM Condor for 348 new bedspaces as part of a broader effort to deliver nearly 1,800 across multiple sites. The selected framework contractors will handle design, construction, and maintenance, prioritising energy-efficient and welfare-focused standards to sustain operational readiness for units like . In October 2025, the Royal Navy submitted a planning application to Angus Council for a new 100-metre indoor range at the base, intended to bolster weapons training facilities amid evolving commando requirements. The proposed structure would enable year-round, weather-independent marksmanship practice, supporting the integration of modern equipment such as the new MCX rifles adopted by units.

    Based Units and Personnel

    Primary Units

    45 Commando Royal Marines serves as the principal combat unit stationed at RM Condor, functioning as an amphibious light infantry formation within 3 Commando Brigade. Comprising approximately 700 personnel organized into multiple rifle companies—typically Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, and Zulu—along with specialized support elements such as a heavy weapons troop and reconnaissance team, the unit specializes in rapid deployment for expeditionary operations, including beach assaults, urban combat, and long-range raids. Established at the base in 1971 following the relocation from , maintains readiness for high-intensity conflicts, drawing on its history of deployments to , the , , and . Supporting the commando's operational tempo, 7 (Sphinx) Battery of 29 Commando Regiment Royal Artillery is co-located at RM Condor, providing integrated with 105mm light guns and targeting expertise tailored for commando maneuvers. This battery, tracing its lineage to the , enhances the brigade's maneuver capabilities through joint training exercises conducted from the base's facilities. Additionally, elements of 3 Commando Brigade headquarters contribute to command and control functions, coordinating the integration of with naval and logistic assets for amphibious task group operations. These units collectively form the core warfighting presence at RM Condor, emphasizing scalable force projection from Scotland's eastern coast.

    Support and Auxiliary Elements

    The support and auxiliary elements at RM Condor consist of attached specialist units from other branches of the , providing critical enablers such as fire support, communications, and security for and associated operations. These elements integrate with the commando brigade structure to enhance amphibious and expeditionary capabilities, drawing on personnel trained to standards where applicable. A primary auxiliary component is 7 (Sphinx) Battery, part of 29 Commando Regiment Royal Artillery, which specializes in close air defense and operations to support rapid deployment forces. Formed in and commando-qualified, the battery has historically provided artillery cover in conflicts including the , where it neutralized Argentine gun positions. As of recent deployments, it remains based at RM Condor, contributing to training exercises and operational readiness for 3 Commando Brigade. Communications support is handled by 2 (City of ) Signal Squadron from 32 Signal Regiment, , ensuring secure networks, information systems, and tactical signaling for joint maneuvers. This squadron, with roots in territorial army units redesignated in the , facilitates coordination across land, sea, and air domains during amphibious assaults and sustainment phases. Security and investigative functions fall under the detachment of , , which conducts policing, evidence gathering, and cyber-enabled information operations tailored to commando environments. Previously supported by Troops until their integration into broader structures around , this element maintains discipline, protects assets, and aids in post-operation analysis at the base. Auxiliary base functions include logistical and support inherited from earlier transitions, such as the 1971 formation of a dedicated troop from for clearance and recovery tasks in urban and demolitions-heavy scenarios. Additionally, approximately 30 civilian personnel assist with administrative, maintenance, and sustainment roles, bolstering the base's self-sufficiency for around 650 commandos. These elements collectively ensure RM Condor's role as a forward-operating hub, with periodic reviews influencing their composition amid broader defense restructuring.

    Training and Operational Role

    Amphibious and Commando Training

    RM Condor facilitates specialized amphibious training for Royal Marines, capitalizing on its proximity to the coastline for ship-to-shore maneuvers, beach assault simulations, and drills essential to the unit's role in 3 Commando Brigade. The site's terrain and access to Arbroath's beaches enable realistic exercises in amphibious raids and rapid insertion tactics, often integrated with vessels for joint operations that replicate expeditionary scenarios. For instance, Zulu Company of has conducted beach landings as part of cold weather training to hone skills in adverse conditions. Commando training at the base emphasizes maintaining elite proficiency post-initial qualification at the Commando Training Centre in Lympstone, focusing on unit-specific enhancements like and preparation for global deployments. Programs include intensive drills in weapon manipulation, room entry procedures, and deconfliction tactics, ensuring in close-quarters and urban environments. Night-time live-fire exercises, such as those scheduled from 5 to 7 November 2024, demonstrate firepower integration under low-visibility conditions to sustain operational edge. The base's comprehensive infrastructure supports these activities by providing dedicated ranges, simulation areas, and logistical backing, enabling to generate forces for domestic defense and overseas contingencies with a focus on amphibious agility and versatility. This training regimen underpins the unit's capacity for rapid reaction, as evidenced by participation in multinational amphibious exercises like those , where Arbroath-based personnel practiced extended tactics.

    Deployments and Combat History

    45 Commando, the primary operational unit based at RM Condor since 1971, has undertaken a series of deployments emphasizing amphibious, , and counter-insurgency roles. Following the unit's relocation from Plymouth to , it conducted initial winter training exercises in starting in 1971 to hone mountain and cold-weather capabilities, a practice that continued annually to prepare for commitments in the northern flank. These non-combat deployments built resilience but transitioned into operational theaters amid escalating global tensions. In the 1980s, rotated through multiple tours in under , conducting patrols and counter-terrorism operations against Irish republican paramilitaries in volatile areas like and South Armagh. The unit's involvement peaked during the in 1982, where it participated in Operation Corporate, landing at San Carlos and advancing inland to engage Argentine forces, contributing to the recapture of the islands by June 16. Combat roles included assaults on key positions such as Two Sisters and Mount Harriet, with the unit suffering casualties but securing objectives through close-quarters fighting and artillery support. Post-Cold War operations expanded to humanitarian and stabilization missions. In 1991, during Operation Haven, deployed to northern to establish safe havens for fleeing Saddam Hussein's forces, constructing camps and providing security amid harsh mountainous terrain near the Turkish border. Subsequent engagements included in Bosnia and in the late 1990s, in 2000 for Operation Palliser to evacuate British nationals and stabilize against rebel advances, and further Northern Ireland tours, such as a six-month deployment in 2004. The early 21st century saw intense combat in . In 2002, deployed to for Operation Jacana, targeting and remnants in the mountains of eastern to disrupt terrorist safe havens. Multiple tours followed under , including heavy fighting in from 2006–2007, where elements cleared strongholds in Garmsir and suffered losses, such as the death of Matthew Ford in a deliberate offensive south of Garmsir on January 15, 2007. Deployments to involved security operations in and Maysan provinces during the mid-2000s, focusing on counter-insurgency against Shia militias. In 2011, the unit supported in , conducting maritime interdiction and reconnaissance to enforce no-fly zones and protect civilians from Gaddafi's forces.

    Cadets, Reserves, and Community Engagement

    Youth and Reserve Programs

    The Division of the Volunteer Cadet Corps (RMVCC) operates at RM Condor, providing youth training programs modeled on disciplines. Established in December 2017, it is the first RMVCC unit in , situated alongside to deliver activities akin to those of regular commando training. Youths aged 9 to 16 participate in sessions held on and evenings from 18:30 to 20:30, focusing on skill-building in , , , ceremonial drill, and adventure training such as and weapons handling familiarization. These programs emphasize , , and physical resilience, with opportunities for competitions, summer camps, and qualifications that support and potential military pathways. Junior cadets join from age 10, progressing to full cadet status at 13, fostering discipline through structured challenges. As part of the broader Volunteer Cadet Corps sponsored by the , the Arbroath unit integrates with RM Condor's infrastructure for practical exercises, enabling local youths to engage in nautical and commando-themed adventures without formal military commitment. Adult volunteers aged 16 to 60 support operations, ensuring the program's continuity and alignment with ethos. No permanent Royal Marines Reserve (RMR) unit is based at RM Condor; , headquartered in with detachments across , conducts primary training at facilities like CTCRM Lympstone, though base resources may support occasional reserve augmentation or specialized amphibious elements.

    Local Economic and Social Impact

    RM Condor, as the primary military installation in , supports approximately 690 in the region as of 2018, the majority affiliated with and auxiliary units based there. This presence generates direct employment for service members, whose salaries contribute to local retail, housing, and service sectors in and surrounding areas. Civilian contractors, including firms like for catering and cleaning services and for site supervision, provide additional jobs at the base, with roles such as chef managers and operatives sustaining local workforce participation. The base's economic footprint extends through and investments; a planned £50 million upgrade to accommodation facilities, set to commence in 2025 and span two years, is expected to inject funds into and supply chains, bolstering short-term in the Angus economy. Local representatives have emphasized Condor's role as an "integral part" of Angus life, with its operations underpinning economic stability amid broader regional dependencies on and . Socially, RM Condor fosters ties through integration of serving personnel and families into Arbroath's fabric, including use of nearby schools like Colliston and Timmergreens primaries, and support via the on-site Condor Families Centre, which hosts activities such as playgroups and coffee mornings for service families and locals. Public engagement events, including tours of the base's and annual visits by community groups, enhance visibility and goodwill, while personnel participation in regional activities reinforces a of shared identity. These interactions have positioned the base as a welcomed fixture, with no reported widespread friction despite the demands of operational deployments.

    Controversies and Incidents

    Discipline and Welfare Issues

    In 2010, a 20-year-old Royal Marine from alleged he was subjected to physical beatings and forced to perform degrading acts as part of at RM Condor, prompting an investigation by . The complainant reported the incidents occurred during his time at the base near , highlighting concerns over internal discipline enforcement within the unit. Multiple cases of unauthorized initiation rituals have been documented among personnel at RM Condor, often involving humiliation and health risks. In 2015, two marines faced charges for compelling a recruit to eat dog food, strip naked, and undergo simulated waterboarding as part of such rituals in Arbroath. Similarly, in 2016, three marines were sentenced to detention for a ceremony where recruits drank from a container mixed with urine and vomit, described in court as "depraved." By 2017, seven marines based at RM Condor were charged with public lewd acts during a nightclub "initiation" in Arbroath, including drinking urine and simulated sexual acts, leading to dismissals for some involved after conviction or guilty pleas. Alcohol-related discipline breaches have also surfaced, including threats of pub bans in for rowdy off-base behavior in 2010, with the pledging personal intervention. In 2019, reports emerged of intoxicated marines at RM Condor firing military-grade flares through base windows, causing damage and fire risks, though formal outcomes were not publicly detailed. On welfare, a 2015 employment tribunal revealed that serving out-of-date food to personnel was described as "standard practice" by catering contractor at RM Condor, raising and nutritional concerns for . These incidents reflect broader challenges in maintaining welfare standards amid high-operational demands, though no systemic inquiries specific to RM Condor have been identified beyond individual cases.

    Infrastructure and Future Viability Concerns

    RM Condor has experienced substantial maintenance demands, with data from April 2022 to the present revealing hundreds of callouts for issues in non-service family accommodation, including 227 electrical faults, 60 losses of heating and hot water, 56 roofing problems, 45 instances of damp and mould, and 21 interventions. Service family accommodation at the base has similarly seen elevated damp and mould reports, totaling 36 cases over the same period. These figures, disclosed in response to ary scrutiny, underscore persistent challenges with aging facilities amid broader estate maintenance pressures. Historical uncertainties over the base's long-term viability emerged in , when leaked documents indicated potential land transfers for and disposal of the airfield section, originally flagged for sale by 2024 under the 2016 A Better Defence Estate . Local planning assessments have echoed such doubts, citing ambiguity in RM Condor's role beyond current hosting. These developments fueled concerns among stakeholders about reduced training capacity and economic impacts, though no final disposals materialized by 2025. Mitigating these risks, the committed in 2022 to a £50 million infrastructure upgrade at the base, with tendering planned for 2024 and construction to commence in 2025 over two years, focusing on facility modernization. Recent approvals for a new 100-metre indoor rifle range, submitted in October 2025, further signal investment in operational enhancements. Nonetheless, the base's sustainability hinges on ' adaptation to the model and sustained defence budgets, amid prior manpower reduction proposals that prompted calls for clarity in 2017.

    References

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