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SONOS
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SONOS
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SONOS, short for "silicon–oxide–nitride–oxide–silicon", more precisely, "polycrystalline silicon"—"silicon dioxide"—"silicon nitride"—"silicon dioxide"—"silicon",[1]: 121  is a cross sectional structure of MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor), realized by P.C.Y. Chen of Fairchild Camera and Instrument in 1977.[2] This structure is often used for non-volatile memories, such as EEPROM and flash memories. It is sometimes used for TFT LCD displays.[3] It is one of CTF (charge trap flash) variants. It is distinguished from traditional non-volatile memory structures by the use of silicon nitride (Si3N4 or Si9N10) instead of "polysilicon-based FG (floating-gate)" for the charge storage material.[4]: Fig. 1  A further variant is "SHINOS" ("silicon"—"hi-k"—"nitride"—"oxide"—"silicon"), which is substituted top oxide layer with high-κ material. Another advanced variant is "MONOS" ("metal–oxide–nitride–oxide–silicon").[5]: 137 [6]: 66  Companies offering SONOS-based products include Cypress Semiconductor, Macronix, Toshiba, United Microelectronics Corporation and Floadia Archived 2022-11-01 at the Wayback Machine.

Description

[edit]
Cross sectional drawing of a SONOS memory cell

A SONOS memory cell is formed from a standard polysilicon N-channel MOSFET transistor with the addition of a small sliver of silicon nitride inserted inside the transistor's gate oxide. The sliver of nitride is non-conductive but contains a large number of charge trapping sites able to hold an electrostatic charge. The nitride layer is electrically isolated from the surrounding transistor, although charges stored on the nitride directly affect the conductivity of the underlying transistor channel. The oxide/nitride sandwich typically consists of a 2 nm thick oxide lower layer, a 5 nm thick silicon nitride middle layer, and a 5–10 nm oxide upper layer.

When the polysilicon control gate is biased positively, electrons from the transistor source and drain regions tunnel through the oxide layer and get trapped in the silicon nitride. This results in an energy barrier between the drain and the source, raising the threshold voltage Vt (the gate-source voltage necessary for current to flow through the transistor). The electrons can be removed again by applying a negative bias on the control gate.

A SONOS memory array is constructed by fabricating a grid of SONOS transistors which are connected by horizontal and vertical control lines (wordlines and bitlines) to peripheral circuitry such as address decoders and sense amplifiers. After storing or erasing the cell, the controller can measure the state of the cell by passing a small voltage across the source-drain nodes; if current flows the cell must be in the "no trapped electrons" state, which is considered a logical "1". If no current is seen the cell must be in the "trapped electrons" state, which is considered as "0" state. The needed voltages are normally about 2 V for the erased state, and around 4.5 V for the programmed state.

Comparison with Floating-Gate structure

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Generally SONOS is very similar to traditional FG (floating gate) type memory cell,[1]: 117  but hypothetically offers higher quality storage. This is due to the smooth homogeneity of the Si3N4 film compared with polycrystalline film which has tiny irregularities. Flash requires the construction of a very high-performance insulating barrier on the gate leads of its transistors, often requiring as many as nine different steps, whereas the oxide layering in SONOS can be more easily produced on existing lines and more easily combined with CMOS logic.

Additionally, traditional flash is less tolerant of oxide defects[citation needed] because a single shorting defect will discharge the entire polysilicon floating gate. The nitride in the SONOS structure is non-conductive, so a short only disturbs a localized patch of charge. Even with the introduction of new insulator technologies this has a definite "lower limit" around 7 to 12 nm, which means it is difficult for flash devices to scale smaller than about 45 nm linewidths. But, Intel-Micron group have realized 16 nm planar flash memory with traditional FG technology.[7]: 13 [8] SONOS, on the other hand, requires a very thin layer of insulator in order to work, making the gate area smaller than flash. This allows SONOS to scale to smaller linewidth, with recent examples being produced on 40 nm fabs and claims that it will scale to 20 nm.[9] The linewidth is directly related to the overall storage of the resulting device, and indirectly related to the cost; in theory, SONOS' better scalability will result in higher capacity devices at lower costs.

Additionally, the voltage needed to bias the gate during writing is much smaller than in traditional flash. In order to write flash, a high voltage is first built up in a separate circuit known as a charge pump, which increases the input voltage to between 9 V to 20 V. This process takes some time, meaning that writing to a flash cell is much slower than reading, often between 100 and 1000 times slower. The pulse of high power also degrades the cells slightly, meaning that flash devices can only be written to between 10,000 and 100,000 times, depending on the type. SONOS devices require much lower write voltages, typically 5–8 V, and do not degrade in the same way. SONOS does suffer from the converse problem however, where electrons become strongly trapped in the ONO layer and cannot be removed again. Over long usage this can eventually lead to enough trapped electrons to permanently set the cell to the "0" state, similar to the problems in flash. However,[citation needed] in SONOS this requires on the order of a 100 thousands write/erase cycles,[10] 10 to 100 times worse compared with legacy FG memory cell.[11]

History

[edit]

Background

[edit]
Further information: Metal–nitride–oxide–semiconductor transistor

In 1957, Frosch and Derick were able to manufacture the first silicon dioxide field effect transistors at Bell Labs, the first transistors in which drain and source were adjacent at the surface.[12] Subsequently, Dawon Kahng led a paper demonstrating a working MOSFET with their Bell Labs team in 1960. Their team included E. E. LaBate and E. I. Povilonis who fabricated the device; M. O. Thurston, L. A. D’Asaro, and J. R. Ligenza who developed the diffusion processes, and H. K. Gummel and R. Lindner who characterized the device.[13][14]

Later, Kahng went on to invent the floating-gate MOSFET with Simon Min Sze at Bell Labs, and they proposed its use as a floating-gate (FG) memory cell, in 1967.[15] This was the first form of non-volatile memory based on the injection and storage of charges in a floating-gate MOSFET,[16] which later became the basis for EPROM (erasable PROM), EEPROM (electrically erasable PROM) and flash memory technologies.[17]

Charge trapping at the time was an issue in MNOS transistors, but John Szedon and Ting L. Chu revealed in June 1967 that this difficulty could be harnessed to produce a nonvolatile memory cell. Subsequently, in late 1967, a Sperry research team led by H.A. Richard Wegener invented the metal–nitride–oxide–semiconductor transistor (MNOS transistor),[18] a type of MOSFET in which the oxide layer is replaced by a double layer of nitride and oxide.[19] Nitride was used as a trapping layer instead of a floating gate, but its use was limited as it was considered inferior to a floating gate.[20] Charge trap (CT) memory was introduced with MNOS devices in the late 1960s. It had a device structure and operating principles similar to floating-gate (FG) memory, but the main difference is that the charges are stored in a conducting material (typically a doped polysilicon layer) in FG memory, whereas CT memory stored charges in localized traps within a dielectric layer (typically made of silicon nitride).[16]

Development

[edit]

SONOS was first conceptualized in the 1960s. MONOS is realized in 1968 by Westinghouse Electric Corporation.[21][22] In the early 1970s initial commercial devices were realized using PMOS transistors and a metal-nitride-oxide (MNOS) stack with a 45 nm nitride storage layer. These devices required up to 30V to operate. In 1977, P.C.Y. Chen of Fairchild Camera and Instrument introduced a SONOS cross sectional structured MOSFET with tunnel silicon dioxide of 30 Ångström thickness for EEPROM.[2] According to NCR Corporation's patent application in 1980, SONOS structure required +25 volts and −25 volts for writing and erasing, respectively.[23] It was improved to +12 V by PMOS-based MNOS (metal-nitride-oxide-semiconductor) structure.[24]

By the early 1980s, polysilicon NMOS-based structures were in use with operating voltages under 20 V. By the late 1980s and early 1990s PMOS SONOS structures were demonstrating program/erase voltages in the range of 5–12 volts.[25] On the other hand, in 1980, Intel realized highly reliable EEPROM with double layered polysilicon structure, which is named FLOTOX,[26] both for erase and write cycling endurance and for data retention term.[27] SONOS has been in the past produced by Philips Semiconductors, Spansion, Qimonda and Saifun Semiconductors.

Recent efforts

[edit]

In 2002, AMD and Fujitsu, formed as Spansion in 2003 and later merged with Cypress Semiconductor in 2014, developed a SONOS-like MirrorBit technology based on the license from Saifun Semiconductors, Ltd.'s NROM technology.[28][29][30] As of 2011 Cypress Semiconductor developed SONOS memories for multiple processes,[31] and started to sell them as IP to embed in other devices.[32] UMC has already used SONOS since 2006 [33] and has licensed Cypress for 40 nm[34] and other nodes. Shanghai Huali Microelectronics Corporation (HLMC) has also announced[35] to be producing Cypress SONOS at 40 nm and 55 nm.

In 2006, Toshiba developed a new double tunneling layer technology with SONOS structure, which utilize Si9N10 silicon nitride.[36][37] Toshiba also researches MONOS ("Metal-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon") structure for their 20 nm node NAND gate type flash memories.[38] Renesas Electronics uses MONOS structure in 40 nm node era.[39][40]: 5  which is the result of collaboration with TSMC.[41]

While other companies still use FG (floating gate) structure.[42]: 50  For example, GlobalFoundries use floating-gate-based split-gate SuperFlash ESF3 cell for their 40 nm products.[43] Some new structure for FG (floating gate) type flash memories are still intensively studied.[44] In 2016, GlobalFoundries developed FG-based 2.5V Embedded flash macro.[45] In 2017, Fujitsu announced to license FG-based ESF3/FLOTOX structure,[26][27] which is originally developed by Intel in 1980, from Silicon Storage Technology for their embedded non-volatile memory solutions.[46][47][48] As of 2016, Intel-Micron group have disclosed that they stayed traditional FG technology in their 3-dimensional NAND flash memory.[7] They also use FG technology for 16 nm planar NAND flash.[8]

See also

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References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

SONOS

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Sonos, Inc. is an American audio technology company founded in 2002 and headquartered in , that designs, develops, and sells wireless multi-room audio products and services. Its core offerings include smart speakers, soundbars, , subwoofers, amplifiers, and architectural audio components, all controllable via the Sonos S2 mobile app (available for iOS and Android), which enables setup, full system control, and seamless multi-room playback of , podcasts, and other audio. Compatible products support AirPlay 2 for direct streaming from iOS devices, and select models offer Bluetooth connectivity for direct streaming. The company's mission centers on revolutionizing how people listen to and connect with sound, delivering high-fidelity audio as intended by artists and creators through innovative features like automatic room tuning and integration with major streaming services. Established by four entrepreneurs—John MacFarlane, Tom Cullen, Trung Mai, and Craig Shelburne—who had previously succeeded with Software.com (later merged into Openwave)—Sonos emerged from a vision to eliminate the hassles of wired audio systems and enable wireless music streaming from PCs and the internet. The founders, based in Santa Barbara, developed proprietary mesh networking technology specifically for home audio in 2003, addressing challenges like signal interference in typical households. Sonos launched its debut product, the ZP100 Zone Player at $499 (with a full system costing around $1,200), in January 2005, which was acclaimed for its user-friendly setup and sound quality despite requiring connection to an amplifier and music source. A pivotal shift occurred in November 2009 with the introduction of the PLAY:5, an all-in-one priced at $499, which broadened accessibility and spurred significant sales growth by integrating amplification, processing, and streaming into a single device. Subsequent innovations included the 2015 rollout of Trueplay technology, which uses a smartphone's to acoustically calibrate speakers to a room's environment based on artist and expert input. Today, as a publicly traded company on (SONO) with approximately 1,400 employees as of fiscal year 2025, Sonos operates globally in the , , the , and beyond, maintaining its focus on premium, interconnected audio ecosystems while expanding into and portable speakers.

History

Founding and early years

Sonos was founded in 2002 in , by John MacFarlane, , Trung Mai, and Craig Shelburne as Rincon Audio, Inc., a startup dedicated to developing wireless multi-room audio systems for the home. The founders, who had previously worked together at Software.com, drew inspiration from the rise of digital music distribution like and sought to create a modern stereo system that leveraged emerging wireless technologies for synchronized playback across multiple rooms. Their vision emphasized simplicity and reliability, aiming to eliminate the need for cumbersome wiring or centralized servers common in traditional audio setups. Development in the early years was marked by significant technical challenges, particularly in a to deliver uncompressed audio streams without latency or dropouts. Standard at the time was prone to interference and insufficient for real-time multi-room , so the team invested heavily in custom protocols that allowed devices to communicate directly in a self-healing , bypassing many of 's limitations. By summer , after iterative prototyping and , Sonos achieved functional reliability, enabling the first demonstrations of the . These prototypes were showcased at the International Consumer Electronics Show and a Wall Street Journal conference, where they impressed industry observers with seamless playback across zones. To fuel this innovation, Sonos raised early capital, including a $2.25 million in January 2005 led by investors such as Index Ventures. A follow-on $15 million Series A extension in August 2005 provided further resources for scaling production and refinement. These funds supported the completion of the inaugural product line. The company's first commercial offering, the Sonos Digital Music System, launched on January 27, 2005, consisting of the ZonePlayer ZP100 (a wired with connectivity) and the CR100 Controller (a handheld device for music selection and control). Priced at around $1,200 for a starter bundle, it allowed users to connect up to 32 zones for gapless, synchronized audio playback from sources like PCs or , all without a central hub—relying instead on the distributed mesh network for coordination. Initial sales targeted retailers, and the system received acclaim for its innovative approach to .

Corporate expansion and financial milestones

Sonos went public on August 2, 2018, listing on the under the SONO, with shares priced at $15 each. The involved the sale of 13,888,888 shares, providing the company with gross proceeds of $95.8 million before underwriting discounts and expenses. This milestone marked Sonos' transition from a privately held firm to a publicly traded entity, enabling broader access to capital for expansion amid growing competition in the smart audio market. To bolster its technological capabilities, Sonos pursued strategic acquisitions in the years following its IPO. In November 2019, the company acquired , a French AI voice platform developer, for approximately $37.5 million, integrating on-device voice processing expertise to enhance privacy-focused features. In April 2022, Sonos expanded its acoustic innovation by purchasing Mayht Holding BV, a Dutch firm specializing in advanced technology, for about $100 million in cash, aiming to improve sound quality across its product lineup. These moves supported Sonos' push into AI and premium audio engineering, diversifying beyond core multi-room systems. Financial growth accelerated post-IPO, with Sonos achieving its first billion-dollar year in fiscal , reporting $1.716 billion in sales, a 29% increase from the prior year driven by strong demand for during the . By fiscal 2025, annual reached $1.443 billion, reflecting resilience despite market challenges. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025, grew 13% year-over-year to $287.9 million, exceeding analyst expectations and signaling recovery momentum. Leadership transitions underscored Sonos' evolution in 2025. Patrick Spence, who assumed the CEO role in 2017 after serving as , stepped down in 2025 amid efforts to address operational hurdles, including the fallout from a problematic 2024 app update that temporarily impacted and sales. Tom Conrad, a board member since 2017 and former executive at Loudeye and , was appointed interim CEO effective immediately and later confirmed as permanent CEO in July 2025. Under Conrad's leadership, Sonos announced a pivot to a sales model in late 2025, aiming to capture higher margins by reducing reliance on third-party retailers and targeting existing users for upgrades and expansions. This strategy, outlined in the fiscal 2025 earnings, emphasizes efficiency and to drive sustainable growth.

Product development timeline

Sonos' product development began with the launch of its first all-in-one , the Play:5, in November 2009, marking a significant shift toward standalone Wi-Fi-enabled audio devices that integrated amplification and streaming without requiring separate components. This innovation allowed users to stream music wirelessly across multiple rooms, building on earlier ZonePlayer products that needed external speakers. The Play:5's introduction democratized multi-room audio by reducing setup complexity and cost, positioning Sonos as a leader in wireless home sound systems. In 2012, Sonos discontinued production of its dedicated hardware controllers, such as the CR200, transitioning fully to app-based control via smartphones and tablets to simplify user interaction and leverage the growing ubiquity of mobile devices. This move eliminated the need for proprietary remotes, enabling seamless management through the Sonos app, which had debuted for in 2009 and expanded to Android in 2011. The change streamlined the ecosystem, fostering broader adoption as users could control playback, grouping, and streaming services directly from their phones. The company advanced voice integration with the Sonos One in October 2017, its first featuring built-in microphones and support at launch, followed by in 2018. Priced at $199, the Sonos One emphasized with user-disableable mics and expanded Sonos' multi-room capabilities to include hands-free voice commands for music playback and smart home control. This launch represented a pivot toward voice-assisted audio, enhancing while maintaining high-fidelity sound. In 2020, Sonos rolled out its S2 operating system on June 8, introducing support for , , and expanded streaming services, but requiring compatible hardware and leaving older devices on the legacy S1 platform without access to new features. The update split the ecosystem into S1 and S2, with S1-relegated products like the original Play:5 unable to upgrade, prompting users to either retain legacy functionality or purchase newer models for full compatibility. This bifurcation aimed to the platform amid evolving audio standards, though it drew for potentially stranding early adopters. Sonos expanded its lineup with the Era series on March 28, 2023, launching the Era 100 and Era 300 speakers with upgraded far-field microphone arrays for enhanced voice pickup and improved Trueplay room calibration. The Era 100, succeeding the Sonos One, offered stereo sound in a compact form, while the Era 300, priced at $449, introduced spatial audio with support via six drivers. These models prioritized future-ready connectivity, including and line-in options, reflecting Sonos' focus on immersive listening without sacrificing multi-room synchronization. Venturing into personal audio, Sonos debuted its first headphones, the Ace, in May 2024, available from June 5 at $449, featuring active noise cancellation, 30-hour battery life, and integration with Sonos soundbars for private TV listening. The over-ear design emphasized premium materials and aware mode for ambient sound, extending Sonos' ecosystem to mobile use while supporting lossless audio over Wi-Fi. By 2025, Sonos shifted emphasis to software enhancements, announcing AI-powered speech enhancement features in for improved dialogue clarity in home theater setups, alongside plans for AI-driven "personalities" in voice interactions without introducing new hardware until at least Q2 2026. These updates targeted existing customers with free over-the-air improvements, focusing on density through app refinements and service integrations to boost relevance amid competitive AI audio advancements.

Branding and marketing evolution

Sonos' branding began with a simple introduced in 2002, featuring the company name in a clean, font without additional graphical elements, which remained in use until 2011. In 2015, the brand underwent a significant redesign led by Design, introducing a minimalist wave that created an optical illusion resembling a pulsating speaker to evoke high-fidelity sound waves; this could be read in multiple orientations and marked a shift toward a more dynamic visual identity. Early marketing efforts in the mid-2000s relied heavily on word-of-mouth recommendations among audio enthusiasts and in-person tech demonstrations, such as the public unveiling of the ZP100 player at CES in 2005, which helped build grassroots awareness without large-scale advertising budgets. By the late , Sonos shifted toward high-profile partnerships and artist endorsements to broaden appeal, including collaborations with designers like HAY in 2018 for limited-edition speakers and the launch of Sonos Radio in 2019 featuring curated content from Grammy-winning artists such as and . In the 2020s, marketing emphasized , with the introduction of the Climate Action Plan in 2020 committing to carbon neutrality by 2030 and annual "Listen Better" reports highlighting eco-friendly practices like recycled materials and energy-efficient designs. A 2023 brand refresh maintained the 2015 logo but introduced a seasonal color palette inspired by Santa Barbara's natural scenery—Sky, Rose, Sand, Rust, and Pine—to enhance visual flexibility and integration with product apps and interfaces. The same year, the "Listen Better" initiative promoted music advocacy and multi-room listening experiences through grants supporting artists' rights and immersive audio campaigns like the "Frisson Trigger," which used sound to evoke emotional responses in shared environments. In response to reputational challenges from a 2024 app update debacle, Sonos hired advertising executive Colleen DeCourcy as in 2026 to lead brand revival efforts, focusing on innovative strategies including AI-enhanced voice and audio personalization to reengage customers. This move aligns with Sonos' broader 2025 pivot toward AI integration in products to differentiate in the competitive smart audio market.

Products

Current speakers and components

Sonos offers a range of current speakers and components designed for seamless integration into multi-room audio setups, emphasizing wireless connectivity, high-fidelity sound, and compatibility across the ecosystem. These products include bookshelf speakers, portable options, subwoofers, amplifiers, architectural audio components, and headphones, all supporting streaming via Wi-Fi and Bluetooth while prioritizing ease of use and acoustic precision. The Sonos Era 100, released in 2023, is a stereo bookshelf speaker that delivers balanced through three Class-D digital amplifiers, a single , and a mid-woofer, housed in a compact matte-finish enclosure measuring 7.19 inches high by 4.72 inches wide by 5.14 inches deep and weighing 4.45 pounds. It features , 5.0 for direct streaming, and a line-in port for connecting analog sources like turntables, enabling versatile playback options including Apple 2 and voice control via Alexa or Sonos Voice Control. Trueplay tuning optimizes audio for room acoustics using a , ensuring clear suitable for smaller spaces. The Sonos Era 100 Pro, launched in January 2025, is a professional installation variant of the Era 100, featuring (PoE+) connectivity and zone capability for commercial and custom residential audio systems. It retains the same acoustic design with three Class-D amplifiers, , and mid-woofer, but adds enhanced networking for zoned playback and integration with professional setups. The Sonos Era 300, released on March 28, 2023, at a price of $449 USD, is a premium wireless smart speaker designed for spatial audio with support. It features six Class-D amplifiers driving six drivers — four tweeters (one upward-firing, two side-firing, and one forward-firing) and two mid-woofers — for directional sound, creating an immersive soundstage with height effects in a design that stands 6.3 inches high by 10.24 inches wide by 7.28 inches deep and weighs 9.85 pounds. Connectivity mirrors the Era 100 with , 5.0, and line-in, allowing for line-in adapter use and pairing for enhanced experiences. As of early 2026, the Era 300 remains a current product with ongoing support, including recent firmware updates such as version 92.0-72171 released on January 6, 2026, for bug fixes and performance improvements. It integrates well with newer Sonos products like the Arc Ultra soundbar and Sub (Gen 4) for enhanced immersive audio setups in home theater configurations. The Sonos Era 300 excels in immersive spatial audio (Dolby Atmos), delivering a wide, detailed, and dynamic soundstage from a single speaker with punchy bass and strong performance for streaming and multi-room use. However, traditional hi-fi speakers (passive separates with amplifiers) generally offer superior detail, accuracy, stereo imaging, and upgradability for critical music listening, though they require more setup and lack built-in smart features or spatial audio support. The Sonos Ace, released in May 2024, are over-ear wireless headphones supporting with head-tracking spatial audio, active noise cancellation, and integration with the Sonos ecosystem for TV Audio Swap with compatible soundbars. They feature 5.4, up to 30 hours of battery life, and a premium build, priced at MSRP $449 (currently $399 as of November 2025). When connected via Bluetooth to Windows devices, the Sonos Ace headphones are compatible with Equalizer APO, enabling system-wide EQ adjustments. Custom EQ profiles for the Sonos Ace are available through community projects like AutoEq, designed for use with Equalizer APO and Peace GUI. No specific compatibility issues have been reported in user discussions or reviews. For portability, the Sonos Roam 2, updated in 2024, is an ultra-compact speaker with IP67 dust- and waterproof rating, capable of submersion in up to 3 feet of water for 30 minutes, and offers up to 10 hours of battery life at moderate volumes in a cylindrical form factor standing 6.61 inches high and weighing 0.95 pounds. It supports and 5.2 streaming, automatic Trueplay tuning, and drop resistance up to 5 feet, facilitating on-the-go use with quick charging and integration into Sonos multi-room systems via the app. The speaker's mid-woofer and configuration provides mono sound with surprising bass for its size. The Sonos Move 2, refreshed in 2023, serves as a larger portable speaker with IP56 resistance, up to 24 hours of battery life, and a removable battery for extended use, enclosed in a 9.49-inch-high by 6.3-inch-wide by 5-inch-deep body weighing 6.61 pounds with a for easy . Equipped with three Class-D amplifiers, two tweeters, and a mid-woofer, it delivers sound over and 5.0, including charging and line-in capabilities via adapter, while supporting sound calibration for indoor or outdoor environments. Its robust build handles varied settings, from home patios to travel. The Move 2 must be set up on a Wi-Fi network using the Sonos app before Bluetooth connectivity can be used. Wi-Fi setup steps:
  • Plug the included charging base into power and place the Move 2 on the charging base; a blinking green light on the front indicates it is ready to set up.
  • Download the Sonos app for iOS or Android.
  • Open the app; for a new system, follow the "Get started with setup" prompts, or for an existing system, go to Settings > Add Speaker or Component.
  • Follow the on-screen prompts to connect the speaker to your Wi-Fi network.
Bluetooth pairing:
  • Press and hold the Bluetooth button on the back of the Move 2 until you hear a chime and the status LED starts flashing blue.
  • On your Bluetooth-enabled device, go to Bluetooth settings and select "Sonos Move 2" from the list of available devices. Upon successful pairing, a chime sounds and the LED turns solid blue briefly.
Enhancing bass performance, the Sonos Sub Mini, introduced in , is a compact with two Class-D amplifiers powering force-canceling woofers in a sealed that measures 12.01 inches high by 9.1 inches in diameter and weighs 14 pounds, delivering deep low-end extension down to 25 Hz without vibration. It provides snappy, responsive, and distortion-free bass that is tight and musical, avoiding a loose or vague feel; this enhances depth in music without overwhelming other elements and adds impactful weight to movie explosions or scores, outperforming typical budget soundbar subwoofers in clarity and control, though it may sometimes feel one-dimensional or require EQ tweaks. It connects solely via for true placement and pairs effortlessly with any Sonos speaker or component for fuller . The prioritizes efficiency for apartments or smaller rooms. The Sonos Sub (Gen 4), available since October 2024, provides premium bass augmentation with dual force-canceling woofers driven by Class-D amplifiers in a gloss-finish cabinet standing 15.3 inches high by 15.8 inches wide by 6.2 inches deep and weighing 26 pounds, achieving low frequencies with minimal distortion and updated internals including for future-proofing. Wi-Fi connectivity ensures flexible positioning up to 25 feet from the paired speaker, and it supports dual-sub setups for even greater impact across the Sonos lineup. Its design offers authoritative rumble comparable to the previous generation but with improved processing. For integrating legacy audio equipment, the Sonos Amp delivers 125 watts per channel at 8 ohms via a , supporting stereo or dual-mono output with RCA analog line-in, ARC, and optical inputs, all in a rack-mountable measuring 2.52 inches high by 8.54 inches square and weighing 4.6 pounds. It streams wirelessly over or Ethernet and allows EQ adjustments through the Sonos app, powering passive speakers up to demanding levels while maintaining digital precision. This component bridges traditional hi-fi systems with modern streaming. The Sonos , a dedicated network streamer with a built-in DAC, facilitates playback from Wi-Fi or Ethernet sources to existing amplified systems via stereo RCA outputs and digital coaxial out, in a slim 1.61-inch-high by 5.43-inch-square profile weighing 1.04 pounds. It includes RCA line-in for adding non-Sonos sources to the ecosystem and supports 2 for Apple device integration, enabling control of diverse music libraries without compromising . Compact and versatile, it suits custom installations.

Soundbars and home theater systems

Sonos' soundbars and home theater systems are engineered to deliver immersive TV audio, focusing on spatial sound and seamless multi-room integration within the Sonos ecosystem. The lineup emphasizes support for height effects, voice control options, and features like Night Sound mode, which dynamically compresses loud effects while boosting quieter dialogue for comfortable viewing at any volume. The Arc Ultra is Sonos' current flagship , released in October 2024, equipped with an all-new acoustic architecture featuring 14 Sonos-engineered drivers—including seven tweeters (with upward- and side-firing), six woofers, and one Sound Motion woofer for enhanced bass—and fifteen Class-D digital amplifiers for precise performance. Priced at $999 (MSRP), it connects via eARC, supports voice control through and built-in, and includes Night Sound mode. The Arc, launched in 2020, is a prior-generation with an 11-driver configuration including three tweeters, eight mid-woofers, and one upward-firing driver for overhead sound simulation. Its eleven Class-D digital amplifiers are custom-tuned for precise acoustic performance, and it supports voice control through and built-in. It connects via eARC and includes Night Sound mode to reduce without sacrificing clarity. The Beam (Gen 2) offers a more compact solution with a five-driver array—four full-range drivers angled for wide dispersion and one center tweeter for crisp vocals—driven by five Class-D amplifiers. It features eARC input, Ethernet connectivity, and integrated voice assistants for hands-free operation. Released in late 2021 and refined into 2023, the Beam incorporates Night Sound mode to enhance dialogue in mixed-volume content. It continues to be highly regarded in reviews from 2024 and 2025 as a compact Dolby Atmos soundbar, praised for its excellent sound quality relative to its size, clear dialogue reproduction, effective virtual Atmos effects, and seamless integration with the Sonos ecosystem. However, bass output is limited without a subwoofer, and the Atmos implementation is virtual rather than discrete channels. It has received a 5-star rating from What Hi-Fi? and strong performance scores from RTINGS.com. Designed for smaller rooms, the Ray is a streamlined with four drivers: two midrange woofers and two tweeters, supporting 5.1 decoding and optical audio input for compatibility with older TVs. It connects to home Wi-Fi during setup, enabling audio streaming from phones or other devices without Bluetooth via the Sonos app from services like Spotify, Apple Music, Tidal, and Amazon Music; Apple AirPlay 2 from compatible iPhone, iPad, or Mac devices; and Spotify Connect over the same Wi-Fi network. It leverages Trueplay room tuning to optimize sound placement and includes Night Sound mode for balanced playback. Introduced in 2022, the Ray prioritizes clear dialogue and virtual surround effects in space-constrained setups. For expanded immersion, Sonos surround sets pair the Arc Ultra, Arc, Beam, or Ray with the Era 300 for an optimal immersive experience with height channels, the Era 100 as a compact option, or compatible older models like the Sonos One/One SL or Symfonisk speakers (with limited surround capabilities without height channels) as rear channels, creating auto-calibrating 5.0 or 7.1.4 configurations. The Era 100, with dual angled tweeters and woofers, delivers precise stereo rear fill, while the Era 300's six-driver design—including four tweeters—adds height channels for enveloping spatial audio. Both models, released in 2023, integrate wirelessly and use Trueplay for automatic channel balancing. These systems achieve full 5.1 home theater performance by integrating the Sub (Gen 4) wireless subwoofer, which adds dual force-canceling woofers for deep low-end extension and supports Speech Enhancement to further clarify vocals amid action sequences. The Sub connects effortlessly via , enabling scalable setups from stereo to surround without additional wiring.

Discontinued and legacy products

Sonos' earliest products, the ZonePlayer series such as the ZP80 and ZP120, were introduced in as core components for building multi-room audio systems. These devices, which connected to existing speakers and enabled wireless streaming, were discontinued in 2012 as Sonos transitioned toward more integrated speaker designs. Today, they are compatible exclusively with the legacy S1 operating system and no longer receive updates or new features. Subsequent legacy speakers from the Play lineup include the Play:1 (released in 2013), Play:3 (released in 2011), and Playbar (released in 2013). The Play:1, Sonos' entry-level compact speaker, was discontinued in September 2019. The Play:3, a mid-sized speaker, ended production on July 31, 2018. The Playbar, a dedicated for home theater setups, was phased out around 2020. All three remain supported on both S1 and S2 systems but are being replaced by the newer Era series, with full phase-out completed by 2023. These products continue to function for multi-room audio and basic streaming, though without access to post-2023 enhancements. The One SL, launched in 2019 as a non-voice-controlled variant of the Sonos One, was discontinued in 2023 following the introduction of the Era 100. It receives limited support on the S2 operating system until 2026, after which no further updates will be provided. The shift to the S2 operating system in 2020 created challenges for owners of incompatible legacy hardware, requiring them to either segregate older devices on the S1 app—losing integration with newer products—or upgrade to maintain full system compatibility. This bifurcation affected users reliant on pre-2015 products, prompting Sonos to offer trade-in discounts for replacements.

Automotive partnerships

Sonos entered the automotive audio market through a partnership with , marking its first foray into vehicle-integrated sound systems. Announced in March 2021, the collaboration debuted with the 2022 electric , where Sonos developed a premium sound system tailored for the car's interior acoustics. The system features 14 speakers delivering 580 watts of power, including dedicated drivers for 3D spatial audio that simulates a concert-like experience by adjusting sound based on passenger positions and vehicle speed. This integration leverages Sonos' expertise in to optimize audio for the enclosed cabin environment, providing immersive playback without the multi-room networking of its home products. The partnership expanded to additional Audi models, incorporating the Sonos Premium Sound System as a standard or optional upgrade. By 2025, it appeared in vehicles such as the and S3, with configurations up to 15 speakers for enhanced clarity and bass response. In the Q3, for instance, the system includes advanced tuning for balanced sound across seats, supporting sources and dynamic equalization to counter road noise. Audi and Sonos continued to refine the technology for future compact models like the A1 and Q2, focusing on seamless integration with the vehicle's and electric to minimize energy draw while maximizing audio fidelity. As of late 2025, Sonos' automotive efforts remain centered on , with no publicly announced expansions to other original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), though the company's investor updates indicate ongoing interest in vehicle audio innovations aligned with (EV) growth.

Technology and features

Networking and multi-room communication

Compatible Sonos devices (primarily older models with Ethernet ports) communicate through SonosNet, a protocol that establishes a dedicated on the 2.4 GHz band using 802.11b/g standards, allowing seamless audio streaming and across multiple rooms without relying on the home's primary infrastructure. This setup is activated when at least one compatible Sonos product is connected via Ethernet to the router, enabling the system to broadcast its own network for inter-device communication while avoiding interference from other household traffic. Newer Wi-Fi-only products, such as the series and portables, rely on the user's home network, supporting up to 802.11ax () on 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands for enhanced performance. In the absence of an Ethernet connection on SonosNet-compatible systems, the setup falls back to the user's existing network. A single Sonos system can accommodate up to 32 devices, facilitating expansive multi-room configurations where audio can be distributed throughout a home. Devices support automatic grouping, which synchronizes playback across selected rooms or zones for unified listening experiences, and stereo pairing, which links two identical speakers to deliver discrete left and right channels for enhanced spatial audio in one area. These features ensure low-latency coordination, with the mesh topology allowing devices to signals to extend coverage dynamically. For larger homes where signal strength may degrade, the Sonos Boost accessory—launched in October 2014 and discontinued as of 2023—serves as a dedicated extender by providing an Ethernet-bridged connection point to amplify the SonosNet signal. Additionally, many Sonos products feature built-in Ethernet ports that enable wired backhaul, routing data through the for improved reliability in environments with weak wireless coverage. SonosNet incorporates WPA2 encryption to protect data transmission between devices, aligning with industry standards for securing wireless communications. Following the 2020 disclosure of vulnerabilities, including CVE-2020-9285 which allowed potential memory access via attached hardware, Sonos enhanced its security posture through regular over-the-air firmware updates to patch identified issues and maintain system integrity.

Operating systems S1 and S2

Sonos S1, introduced prior to 2020, serves as the operating system for the company's legacy hardware, primarily devices manufactured before 2015, such as the original Play:5, Zone Players, Connect (Gen 1), and Bridge. It enables basic multi-room audio streaming and control through the dedicated S1 Controller app, supporting essential functions like music playback from compatible services and simple grouping of speakers. However, due to hardware constraints in these older models, S1 is limited in processing power, restricting it to compressed audio formats and fewer streaming integrations compared to later platforms. In contrast, Sonos S2, launched in June 2020, represents the next-generation operating system designed for compatible modern hardware, including devices like the Beam (Gen 2), One series, Play:5 (Gen 2), and subsequent models such as the Era and Roam lines. S2 introduces enhanced capabilities, including support for high-resolution audio up to 24-bit/48kHz in formats like FLAC and ALAC from local libraries, integration with over 100 streaming services at launch (expanding from S1's more limited set), and advanced features like persistent room groups for easier multi-room management. It also enables future-proofing for formats such as Dolby Atmos in home theater setups, requiring hardware capable of handling increased computational demands that pre-2015 devices cannot support. The transition from S1 to S2 involves a free download of the new Sonos app for eligible systems, but lacks , meaning S1 and S2 devices cannot coexist in a single unified setup without splitting into separate networks controlled by distinct apps. Users with mixed hardware must choose to maintain legacy S1 systems or upgrade incompatible devices to access S2 features fully. As of November 2025, Sonos continues to provide bug fixes and security updates for S1 systems, with no announced end of support. One key performance improvement in S2 is enhanced multi-room with latency of about 2 milliseconds, achieved through optimized buffering and networking protocols that enhance audio alignment across grouped speakers without perceptible delays in typical home environments. This refinement, building on S1's foundational sync mechanisms, supports more seamless playback in expansive multi-room configurations.

Audio tuning and optimization (Trueplay)

Sonos' Trueplay is an acoustic calibration technology that optimizes speaker performance by analyzing and adjusting for a room's unique acoustics. Introduced in 2015 alongside the Play:5 speaker, Trueplay enables users to fine-tune their Sonos devices for better sound quality regardless of placement. The system works by emitting test tones from the speaker while the user's device captures how sound waves reflect off walls, furniture, and other surfaces, creating a room-averaged measurement. This data informs precise equalizer adjustments using a parametric EQ with up to 16 filters, targeting corrections for variations across the audible —particularly addressing bass humps and dips—to align the output with the speaker's intended design response without flattening it unnaturally. The full Trueplay process, available exclusively on iOS devices, requires users to walk slowly around the listening area with their iPhone or iPad held at head-to-waist height, allowing the microphone to sample acoustics from multiple positions over approximately three minutes. This advanced tuning is supported on most Sonos products, including soundbars, except legacy models like and Connect, and it applies to stereo pairs as well. For portable speakers such as the and Move series, an automatic variant activates Trueplay on setup without manual intervention. In 2023, Sonos introduced Quick Tune, a simplified version of Trueplay compatible with both and Android devices, leveraging the built-in microphones on supported speakers like the Era 100, Era 300, and later the Arc Ultra soundbar. Unlike the full process, Quick Tune requires no user movement; the speaker self-calibrates by analyzing its own acoustic environment in about two minutes, making it accessible for quicker setups while still applying EQ corrections for room-specific optimization. This feature expanded Android support, which had previously been limited, and became available on more products by 2024. Complementing Trueplay, Sonos incorporates specialized algorithms in its soundbars for enhanced clarity and bass management. Speech Enhancement boosts frequencies associated with voices (typically –5000 Hz) to improve intelligibility during TV and movie playback, reducing the need to raise overall volume and minimizing background noise interference. For bass tuning, the system employs algorithmic corrections within Trueplay and manual EQ controls to mitigate room-induced peaks and nulls, ensuring balanced low-frequency output tailored to soundbar models like the Arc and Beam without overemphasizing boominess. Users can further refine these via app-based sliders for bass and treble, providing post-calibration flexibility. Despite its advancements, Trueplay has limitations: the full advanced tuning remains iOS-exclusive due to microphone calibration challenges across diverse Android hardware, with Android users restricted to Quick Tune on select newer products until broader expansions in 2024. Certain iPad models also lack support for the complete process, and tuning accuracy depends on proper execution, such as avoiding obstructions during measurement.

User interfaces and power management

Sonos provides user interaction primarily through its S2 app, available for and Android devices, which serves as the central hub for controlling playback, managing rooms, and accessing streaming services across compatible products. The app features an intuitive for browsing music, podcasts, and audiobooks, with streamlined navigation for queue management and system settings. A web app version extends this control to computers and tablets via a browser, offering the same core functionality without needing a . To set up a Sonos system using an iPhone, users download the S2 app from the App Store and follow the in-app guided setup process: plug in Sonos speaker(s), open the app, create or log in to a Sonos account, connect to Wi-Fi, and add products. This enables full system control and playback. For streaming audio directly from an iPhone (such as Apple Music or stored files), AirPlay 2 is supported on compatible Sonos products and is the recommended method for local iOS music. Users swipe down from the top right to open Control Center, tap the AirPlay icon in the audio card, and select the Sonos speaker(s). Bluetooth is available for direct connection on select models. Sonos has phased out dedicated touchscreen controllers, such as the CR200 model, in favor of app-based and voice controls since around 2012, aligning with the rise of integration that began with the app in 2008. Voice interaction is supported through built-in options like Sonos Voice Control, which focuses on music commands without recording queries for , as well as integrations with and for broader smart home compatibility. These voice assistants enable hands-free playback control, volume adjustments, and multi-room grouping on voice-enabled speakers. For advanced management, users can access a web interface through the Sonos app's help center or by navigating to a device's local on 1400, which provides diagnostic tools, network matrix views, and logs to identify connectivity issues or system performance. The S2 app, built on the S2 operating system, also facilitates initial setup and updates directly from mobile or web platforms. Sonos devices incorporate efficient power management, entering an idle standby mode after inactivity that draws less than 2 watts for many newer models, such as the Era 100 at 1.98 watts and Move 2 at approximately 2.3 watts (reduced by a third from previous models), while older products like the Play:5 (gen 1) consume up to 6.9 watts. This standby state maintains network connectivity for instant responsiveness, with devices automatically waking upon app commands, voice activation, or audio signals to ensure seamless multi-room operation. A low power mode further optimizes idle consumption by reducing activity after several minutes of no use, though it varies by product and setup, typically achieving under 4 watts across the lineup. In May 2024, Sonos launched a redesigned S2 app aimed at unifying the with improved search and system controls, but the initial release suffered from bugs including playback errors and missing features, prompting widespread user complaints. Subsequent updates throughout 2024 and into 2025 addressed these issues, enhancing stability, error handling, and Android compatibility, with ongoing refinements to restore functionality and user trust.

Business and operations

Leadership and key executives

Tom Conrad serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Sonos, Inc., having been appointed to the role on a permanent basis in July 2025 after serving as interim CEO since January 2025. With over three decades of experience in consumer technology, Conrad previously held leadership positions including Chief Technology Officer at Pandora, where he contributed to the development of its music recommendation engine, and Vice President of Product at Snap Inc., focusing on user growth and product innovation. At Sonos, Conrad has prioritized rebuilding customer trust following the 2024 app update challenges, emphasizing software stability, enhanced user interfaces, and the integration of artificial intelligence to improve audio personalization and retention strategies. His early career at Apple involved foundational work on Macintosh user interfaces, underscoring his expertise in intuitive design for consumer electronics. Patrick Spence, who led Sonos as CEO from January 2017 to January 2025, played a pivotal role in the company's expansion during his tenure. Joining Sonos in 2012 as , Spence oversaw the company's on in August 2018, which valued the firm at approximately $4 billion and enabled broader market access. He also guided the launch of the S2 operating system in 2020, which introduced advanced multi-room audio capabilities and support for higher-resolution streaming, solidifying Sonos' position in the market. Under Spence's leadership, Sonos grew its global revenue from $522 million in fiscal 2016 to $1,655.3 million by fiscal 2023, though his departure coincided with scrutiny over product development decisions. In November 2025, Sonos announced the appointment of Colleen DeCourcy as Chief Marketing Officer, effective January 2026, to spearhead brand revitalization efforts amid ongoing recovery from customer dissatisfaction related to the 2024 app redesign. DeCourcy, a veteran of Madison Avenue advertising, previously served as Global Chief Marketing Officer at Snap Inc., where she drove campaigns that boosted user engagement through creative storytelling and cultural relevance. Her role at Sonos is expected to focus on reconnecting with core audiences by leveraging data-driven marketing to highlight product reliability and innovation. Maxime Bouvat-Merlin, who served as until January 2025, was instrumental in Sonos' initiatives, overseeing the development of updates and the integration of voice assistants into the . Appointed to the position in October 2023 after years as a senior engineering leader at the company, Bouvat-Merlin's work supported the evolution of Sonos' multi-room networking protocols before his departure, after which the role was eliminated to streamline operations under the interim CEO. The Sonos Board of Directors has undergone notable changes post-2024, reflecting a shift toward expertise in consumer and recovery strategies. In January 2025, former CEO Patrick Spence stepped down from the board alongside his executive role. Tom Conrad, who joined the board in 2017, transitioned to the CEO position while maintaining his directorial influence. In April 2025, , a executive with experience at and , replaced as a director, bringing insights into global hardware scaling and user-centric product design. These adjustments aim to align governance with Sonos' focus on software reliability and market repositioning.

Headquarters and global offices

Sonos, Inc. maintains its global headquarters in , a suburb of , at 301 Coromar Drive. Established in 2002, the facility serves as the primary hub for (R&D), executive leadership, and core operational functions, housing a substantial portion of the company's workforce dedicated to product innovation and strategic oversight. The company operates a dedicated and product development office in , located at 800 5th Avenue on the fourth floor. Opened in 2015 and expanded in 2019, this location focuses on , data analytics, and teams, supporting Sonos' advancements in audio technology and . Internationally, Sonos' European headquarters for the EMEA region is situated in , , at Groest 106, approximately 35 minutes from . This office, operating as Sonos Europe B.V., manages regional sales, marketing, logistics, and distribution across , facilitating efficient coordination and customer support. In , Sonos maintains an office in , , through Sonos Malaysia Technology Sdn. Bhd., established in 2019. This site oversees manufacturing and operations, including collaboration with local suppliers to enhance production capacity and mitigate tariff-related challenges, as part of the company's strategy to diversify assembly beyond . Sonos also has an established office in , , at 2 Avenue de Lafayette on the third floor, which supports East Coast sales, engineering, and acoustic testing initiatives. Originally opened in 2016, the space includes specialized facilities like an acoustic lab for product validation.

Retail and direct sales strategy

Sonos has historically emphasized a hybrid retail model combining partnerships with major electronics retailers to ensure broad accessibility. The company partnered with in 2007 to distribute its products across hundreds of stores, providing in-store demonstrations and expanding its physical footprint in . Similarly, in 2016, Sonos expanded its collaboration with Apple, making its speakers available both online through Apple.com and in physical Apple Stores worldwide, which facilitated hands-on demos and integrated seamlessly with Apple's ecosystem. These alliances have been central to Sonos' strategy for global retail presence, allowing customers to experience multi-room audio setups in diverse locations. To enhance direct consumer engagement, Sonos opened its first company-owned flagship store in New York City's SoHo neighborhood in July 2016, featuring immersive listening rooms designed to simulate home environments for product demonstrations. Internationally, Sonos established its first store outside the U.S. in London's Seven Dials in November 2017, followed by the launch of Sonos Studio in Shoreditch in October 2022, a multifunctional space offering concerts, exhibitions, and interactive audio experiences to showcase the brand's ecosystem. Although the New York store closed in 2020 amid the COVID-19 pandemic, these experiential retail outlets underscored Sonos' focus on education and trial over traditional sales. In 2025, Sonos intensified its approach under new CEO Tom Conrad, prioritizing through its website to upsell additional products to its existing base of over 17 million active households. This shift aims to increase devices per household from an average of 3.13 by leveraging personalized recommendations and loyalty incentives. Complementing this, Sonos employs pop-up experiences, such as the 2024 Paris Olympics installation and 2025 events in , to create temporary immersive zones for testing spatial audio and multi-room configurations. Online, the Sonos website and app include tools for custom setups, enabling users to virtually build and group speakers into tailored multi-room systems before purchase.

Financial performance and market strategy

In fiscal year 2025, ending September 28, Sonos achieved total revenue of $1.44 billion, representing a 5% decline year-over-year primarily due to lingering effects from the previous year's app update disruptions. The company's non-GAAP stood at 45.2%, reflecting improved amid cost controls and optimizations. In the fourth quarter, revenue reached $287.9 million, marking a 13% year-over-year increase and signaling a recovery trajectory. Sonos maintains a leading position in the wireless multi-room audio market, with an estimated 20-25% share based on its dominance, though it faces stiff competition from established players like Bose and emerging smart audio systems such as Apple's lineup. The company's market emphasizes expansion, targeting higher device penetration in existing households—aiming for an average of six devices per home—to unlock a projected $5 billion revenue opportunity. Additionally, Sonos is investing in AI-driven personalization features to enhance user experiences, positioning its products at the center of emerging "AI personality" interactions for more tailored audio delivery. A key challenge in 2024 was a 8.3% dip attributed to widespread user backlash against a problematic app update, which led to feature removals and connectivity issues, eroding consumer trust and contributing to the fiscal 2025 contraction. Sonos addressed these through iterative software fixes, restoring approximately 90% of missing features by late 2024 and driving Q4 2025 growth via renewed . This recovery-focused approach, including a shift toward 45% of new registrations from existing customers, underscores Sonos' strategy to prioritize retention and lifetime value over broad acquisition.

Reception and controversies

Critical reviews and user feedback

Sonos products have consistently received high ratings from professional reviewers for their audio performance, often averaging around 4.5 out of 5 stars on platforms like , where the speakers are praised for delivering excellent sound quality and refined aesthetics across models such as the Era series, Beam (Gen 2), and Arc soundbars. The Sonos Beam (Gen 2), released in 2022, continues to earn strong praise in 2024-2025 reviews for its performance as a compact Dolby Atmos soundbar. It delivers impressive sound quality for its size, with clear dialogue, effective virtual Dolby Atmos effects, and seamless integration into the Sonos ecosystem. Bass output is limited without a paired subwoofer, and the Atmos experience relies on virtual processing rather than discrete channels. It has been awarded 5/5 stars by What Hi-Fi? and performs well in objective testing on RTINGS.com. Pre-2024 reviews highlighted the ecosystem's ease of use, with outlets like What Hi-Fi? commending the intuitive setup and seamless integration for multi-room audio, making it accessible for users without technical expertise. Consumer feedback has been largely positive regarding the multi-room , which allows precise audio playback across multiple devices without noticeable delays, as noted in aggregated user testimonials on Sonos' official review pages and independent tests. However, a common complaint among users is the premium pricing, with individual speakers starting at over $200, which some reviewers, including CNET's assessment of older models like the Play 5, describe as a significant drawback despite the quality. Following the challenges with the 2024 app update, which temporarily lowered user satisfaction, app store ratings for the Sonos app recovered substantially by late 2025, rising from lows around 2.2 stars in mid-2024 to an average of 4.3 stars across and Android platforms, reflecting iterative improvements in stability and functionality. Expert opinions reinforce this rebound; The Verge's 2023 review of the Era series lauded its enhanced integration for spatial audio and playback, positioning it as a strong evolution in Sonos' lineup. Similarly, Wirecutter selected the Sonos Era 100 as its top pick for multi-room systems in 2025, citing its full, balanced sound and compatibility with and .

Market impact and awards

Sonos has profoundly shaped the audio industry by pioneering multi-room audio systems, which allow synchronized playback across multiple speakers without physical connections. Founded in and launching its debut ZonePlayer in , the company established a benchmark for high-fidelity, user-friendly streaming that transformed home entertainment from isolated setups to cohesive whole-home experiences. This innovation addressed longstanding limitations in audio distribution, making premium sound accessible and scalable for everyday consumers. The company's advancements have influenced broader smart home ecosystems, particularly through strategic integrations with major platforms. By partnering with Amazon to optimize Alexa for its speakers and enabling control via devices like Google Home, Sonos has helped drive the adoption of voice-activated, multi-room audio in competitive markets. These collaborations have elevated industry standards, prompting rivals to enhance their own wireless capabilities and fostering a more interconnected audio landscape. From a niche entrant focused on audiophiles, Sonos has expanded into a global leader with revenues surpassing $1.5 billion in 2024, reflecting its role in popularizing audio as a smart home essential. This growth underscores the company's contribution to market expansion, where multi-room systems now represent a significant segment projected to reach $142 billion by 2033. Sonos continues to earn recognition for its design and technological prowess. In 2024, the Sonos Ace headphones received the Red Dot Design Award for blending superior sound quality with sustainable materials and minimalist aesthetics. The same product was also honored as one of TIME's Best Inventions of 2024, highlighting its innovation in over-ear wireless audio. Looking to 2025, Sonos is advancing as an AI audio pioneer, with initiatives centered on "AI personalities" to personalize interactions and enhance user experiences through intelligent sound processing.

2024 app update backlash

In May 2024, Sonos released a redesigned intended to streamline and integrate advanced streaming features, but the update immediately sparked widespread criticism for removing key functionalities, including support for local music libraries stored on users' devices or . The app, launched on May 7, 2024, also caused technical glitches such as delayed responses, failed connections to speakers, and instances where systems became unresponsive or "bricked," preventing users from controlling their devices. These issues led to a surge in user frustration, with many reporting the app as unstable and prompting widespread uninstallations as users sought workarounds like older versions. On July 25, 2024, Sonos CEO Patrick Spence published an acknowledging the rollout's shortcomings, stating that the company had underestimated the complexity of the redesign and expressing regret over the impact on customers. In the letter, Spence outlined a recovery plan, including biweekly progress updates, the restoration of missing features like alarms and sleep timers, and the provision of options allowing eligible users to revert to the previous app version for up to six months. Sonos committed significant resources to the effort, allocating $20 million to $30 million for app improvements and hiring additional engineering staff. The backlash had tangible effects on Sonos' customer base and business performance, with multiple class-action lawsuits filed starting in late 2024 alleging that the update degraded device functionality, rendered products unreliable, and violated laws by misrepresenting the app's capabilities. These suits claimed issues like inaccessible playlists, failed grouping of speakers, and overall system instability, affecting thousands of users who had invested heavily in Sonos ecosystems. Financially, the controversy contributed to a 16.9% year-over-year decline in the second quarter of fiscal 2024 (ending July 2024), totaling $252.7 million, as reduced consumer confidence led to lower sales of speakers and accessories. By October 2024, Sonos had reintroduced over 80% of the app's missing features through iterative updates, including improved local library support and stability enhancements, though some users continued to report intermittent problems. The ongoing fallout culminated in Spence's resignation in January 2025, with new CEO Tom Conrad prioritizing customer trust restoration via a dedicated quality oversight role and further software refinements. In response to legal pressures and user demands, Sonos initiated processes for affected customers and expanded support programs, offering extended warranties and partial refunds for verified hardware issues tied to the update. Sonos initiated a major dispute with in January 2019, accusing the company of infringing five s related to wireless multi-room audio technology and voice control features in smart speakers such as the Google Home and Nest devices. The lawsuit centered on Sonos' innovations in synchronous audio playback across multiple zones and integration of voice assistants, claiming copied these technologies after failed partnership talks. In May 2023, a federal jury in the Northern District of found liable for infringing one of the s—U.S. No. 9,448,690, covering "zone scenes" for grouped audio control—and awarded Sonos $32.5 million in damages, calculated at $2.30 per infringing unit for over 14 million devices. However, U.S. District Judge overturned the verdict in October 2023, ruling the unenforceable due to "prosecution laches," alleging Sonos unreasonably delayed filing certain claims for strategic reasons. The dispute escalated through appeals, with the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) ruling in Sonos' favor in 2022–2023, imposing an import ban on several Google products including Nest speakers, Chromecast devices, and Pixel phones for infringing related multi-room audio patents. On August 28, 2025, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit reversed the laches ruling, reinstating the validity of the '690 patent and restoring the $32.5 million jury verdict against Google, while emphasizing that laches applies only in rare cases of deliberate prejudice to the accused infringer. This decision also revived claims on additional Sonos patents for synchronous media playback, potentially leading to further injunctions or damages in the ongoing litigation as of November 2025. In parallel, Sonos filed a complaint with the ITC in December 2019 against Amazon, alleging that Echo smart speakers and related devices infringed three patents on multi-room wireless audio synchronization and control, similar to the Google case. The ITC initiated an investigation (No. 337-TA-1188) in January 2020. The parties reached a confidential settlement, resulting in termination of the investigation in September 2020 without public disclosure of terms. Sonos also successfully defended its core multi-room synchronization in a 2019 infringement lawsuit against Lenbrook Industries, the maker of Bluesound wireless audio systems. Lenbrook challenged the validity of several Sonos covering networked audio playback timing and grouping, but in 2021, the U.S. and Board (PTAB) upheld the patents' validity in inter partes review proceedings, rejecting Lenbrook's invalidity arguments. This defense win paved the way for a July 2020 settlement in which Lenbrook agreed to pay royalties for a multi-year to Sonos' portfolio for all BluOS-enabled devices, affirming Sonos' dominance in the sector. In 2025, Sonos expanded its patent portfolio into , filing applications focused on voice personalization and AI-driven audio enhancements to support emerging smart home features. These include patents for AI-powered speech enhancement and "AI personalities" that adapt voice interactions across multi-room setups, building on Sonos' May 2025 launch of AI Speech Enhancement technology for its Arc Ultra soundbar. The filings aim to protect innovations in personalized voice processing, positioning Sonos to license or enforce these against competitors integrating similar AI voice tech.

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