Grecomans

Grecomans or Graecomans (Greek: Γραικομάνοι, romanized: Graikománoi; Bulgarian: Гъркомани, romanized: Gărkomani; Macedonian: Гркомани, romanized: Grkomani; Romanian: Grecomani; Albanian: Grekomanë; Aromanian: Gricumanji) is a pejorative term used in Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Romania, and Albania to characterize Albanian-speaking,^[1] Aromanian-speaking,^[2] and Slavic-speaking^[3] people who self-identify as ethnic Greeks. In the region of Macedonia it appeared during the 19th and early 20th century nationalist propaganda campaigns and the struggle for Macedonia.^[4]^[5] The term generally means "pretending to be a Greek" and implies a non-Greek origin.^[6] Another meaning of the term is fanatic Greeks.^[7] The term has been also employed by ethnic Macedonians against Slavic Macedonians with a Greek identity.^[8] The "Grecomans" are regarded as ethnic Greeks in Greece, but as members of originally non-Greek, but subsequently Hellenized minorities, in the neighboring countries.^[9]

References

^ Skendi 1967, pp. 151, 309.
^ Kahl 2002, p. 151.
^ Karakasidou 1997, p. 106; Mackridge & Yannakakis 1997, p. 148 (Note #11); Nugent 2002, p. 181; Cowan 2000, p. 40; Danforth 1997, pp. 245–246; Kalyvas 2006, p. 312 (Footnote #65); Rossos 2008, p. 145; Brown 2003, p. 82.
^ Ivo Banac (1984). The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics,. Cornell University Press. p. 313. ISBN 0801494931.
^ Vermeulen, Hans (1984). "Greek cultural dominance among the Orthodox population of Macedonia during the last period of Ottoman rule". In Blok, Anton; Driessen, Henk (eds.). Cultural Dominance in the Mediterranean Area. Nijmegen: Katholieke Universiteit. pp. 225–255.
^ Van Boeschoten 2006, p. 367.
^ "The Macedonian Affair - A Historical Review of the Attempts to Create a Counterfeit Nation (Institute of International and Strategic Studies in Athens, Greece)". Hellenic Resources Network. 1995–2009. Retrieved 12 February 2011.
^ Danforth 1997, p. 221.
^ Kontogiorgi 2006, pp. 233–234.

Sources

Brown, Keith (2003). The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09995-2.
Cowan, Jane K. (2000). Macedonia: The Politics of Identity and Difference. Sterling, Virginia: Pluto Press. ISBN 0-7453-1589-5.
Danforth, Loring M. (1997). The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-04356-6.
Kahl, Thede (June 2002). "The Ethnicity of Aromanians after 1990: The Identity of a Minority that Behaves like a Majority". Ethnologia Balkanica.
Kalyvas, Stathis N. (2006). The Logic of Violence in Civil War. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85409-1.
Karakasidou, Anastasia N. (1997). Fields of Wheat, Hills of Blood: Passages to Nationhood in Greek Macedonia, 1870-1990. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-42494-4.
Kontogiorgi, Elisabeth (2006). Population Exchange in Greek Macedonia: The Rural Settlement of Refugees 1922-1930. Oxford, United Kingdom: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-927896-2.
Mackridge, Peter; Yannakakis, Eleni (1997). Ourselves and Others: The Development of a Greek Macedonian Cultural Identity since 1912. Oxford, United Kingdom: Berg Publishers. ISBN 1-85973-138-4.
Nugent, David (2002). Locating Capitalism in Time and Space: Global Restructurings, Politics, and Identity. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4238-3.
Rossos, Andrew (2008). Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History. Stanford, California: Hoover Press (Stanford University). ISBN 978-0-8179-4882-5.
Skendi, Stavro (1967). The Albanian National Awakening, 1878-1912. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Van Boeschoten, Riki (2006). "Code-switching, Linguistic Jokes and Ethnic Identity: Reading Hidden Transcripts in a Cross-cultural Context". Journal of Modern Greek Studies. 24. Johns Hopkins University Press: 347–377. doi:10.1353/mgs.2006.0018.

[1] Skendi 1967, pp. 151, 309.

[2] Kahl 2002, p. 151.

[3] Karakasidou 1997, p. 106; Mackridge & Yannakakis 1997, p. 148 (Note #11); Nugent 2002, p. 181; Cowan 2000, p. 40; Danforth 1997, pp. 245–246; Kalyvas 2006, p. 312 (Footnote #65); Rossos 2008, p. 145; Brown 2003, p. 82.

[4] Ivo Banac (1984). The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics,. Cornell University Press. p. 313. ISBN 0801494931.

[5] Vermeulen, Hans (1984). "Greek cultural dominance among the Orthodox population of Macedonia during the last period of Ottoman rule". In Blok, Anton; Driessen, Henk (eds.). Cultural Dominance in the Mediterranean Area. Nijmegen: Katholieke Universiteit. pp. 225–255.

[6] Van Boeschoten 2006, p. 367.

[7] "The Macedonian Affair - A Historical Review of the Attempts to Create a Counterfeit Nation (Institute of International and Strategic Studies in Athens, Greece)". Hellenic Resources Network. 1995–2009. Retrieved 12 February 2011.

[LMDanforth-8] Danforth 1997, p. 221.

[9] Kontogiorgi 2006, pp. 233–234.

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