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Ubuntu Touch
Ubuntu Touch
Ubuntu Touch
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Ubuntu Touch
The Ubuntu Touch launcher, showing the application list
DeveloperUBports,
Ubuntu community,
previously Canonical Ltd.
OS familyUbuntu, Linux
Source modelOpen-source
Latest release24.04-1.0[1]Edit this on Wikidata / 30 September 2025; 22 days ago (30 September 2025)
Latest preview24.04 -1.0 RC 2 / 19 September 2025 (2025-09-19)[2]
Repository
Marketing targetSmartphones, tablets, mobile devices
Available inMultilingual
Update methodClick Update Manager, Image Based Updates
Package managerClick packages
Supported platformsARM
Kernel typeLinux kernel
Default
user interface		Lomiri
LicenseMainly the GPL and various other open source licenses
Official websitehttps://ubuntu-touch.io

Ubuntu Touch is a mobile version of the Ubuntu operating system, developed by the UBports community.[4][5][6] Its user interface is written in Qt, and is designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. However, the original goal of convergence was intended to bring Ubuntu Touch to laptops, desktops, IoT devices and TVs for a complete unified user experience.

The project was started by Canonical Ltd. but on 5 April 2017 its CEO Mark Shuttleworth announced that Canonical would terminate support due to lack of market interest.[7][8] It was then adopted by UBports as a community project.[9] The UBports project was seeded by Marius Gripsgård in 2015 and the source code was transferred to the UBports Foundation where it since resides.[10] UBports' mission is to support the collaborative development of Ubuntu Touch and to promote its widespread use.[11]

History

[edit]

The Ubuntu Touch project was started in 2011. Mark Shuttleworth announced on 31 October 2011 that by Ubuntu 14.04, the goal was that Ubuntu would support smartphones, tablets, smart TVs and other smart screens (such as car head units and smartwatches),[12] but to date has only been supported by vendors on a few smartphones, one tablet and a number of third-party devices which hobbyists have ported the operating system to. The initial goal set by Shuttleworth for Ubuntu was to reach full convergence (same platform and libraries on all devices).[13] The Ubuntu platform for phones was publicly announced on 2 January 2013.[14] The Ubuntu Touch Developer Preview was released on 21 February 2013.[15] On 22 July 2013 Ubuntu announced a crowdfunding campaign for the Ubuntu Edge smartphone that would run Ubuntu Touch,[16] but it did not reach its funding target.[17]

Ubuntu Touch on a Fairphone 2, showing the lockscreen

Canonical released Ubuntu Touch 1.0, the first developer/partner version on 17 October 2013, along with Ubuntu 13.10 that "primarily supports the Galaxy Nexus and Nexus 4 phones, though there are images available for other phones and tablets",[18] and released a "relatively 'stable' build for wider testing and feedback" on 17 April 2014,[19] along with Ubuntu 14.04. A preview version of the software is available for installation on certain additional Android handsets including the Samsung Galaxy S4 Google Edition as a Developer Preview as of 21 February 2013. Developers have access to all of the source code under a license allowing modification and redistribution of the software.[15]

Ubuntu Touch was released to manufacturers on 16 September 2014.[20] BQ Aquaris E4.5 Ubuntu Edition, the world's first Ubuntu-based smartphone went on sale in Europe on 9 February 2015.[21]

In April 2016, the world's first Ubuntu-based tablet, the BQ Aquaris M10 Ubuntu Edition, was released.[22]

In August 2016, OTA-3 was announced to support Android 6.0 BSP.[23]

In August 2018, UBPorts released its OTA-4, upgrading the Ubuntu Touch's base from the Canonical's starting Ubuntu 15.04 "Vivid Vervet" to the nearest, current long-term support version Ubuntu 16.04 LTS "Xenial Xerus".[24]

Ubuntu for Android

[edit]

Ubuntu for Android was a variant of Ubuntu designed to run on Android phones.[25] It was expected to come pre-loaded on several phones.[26] An Ubuntu for Android mock-up was shown at Mobile World Congress 2012.[27][28] As of April 2014, this project is no longer under active development by Canonical.[29][30]

It would contain different graphical interfaces: when the device is connected to a desktop monitor, it features a standard Ubuntu Desktop interface (Unity). When the device is connected to a TV, the interface featured is the Ubuntu TV experience.[27] It would have the ability to run standard Ubuntu Desktop applications[31] and also the ability to run Android applications on the Ubuntu Desktop.[32] which includes apps to make and receive calls and SMS messages directly from the desktop.[31][33] Developers will be able to create one app, with two interfaces: a smartphone UI, and, when docked, a desktop UI.[34]

A phone running Ubuntu for Android has to meet several requirements such as a dual-core 1 GHz CPU, video acceleration through a shared kernel driver with associated X driver; OpenGL, ES/EGL, 2 GB storage, HDMI for video-out with secondary frame buffer device, USB host mode and 512 MB RAM.[31]

Ubuntu Mobile

[edit]
Ubuntu Mobile desktop interface

Ubuntu Mobile Internet Device Edition is a discontinued Ubuntu distribution planned to run on the Intel Mobile Internet Device platform, x86 mobile computers based on the Intel Atom processor. It was planned to use the GNOME framework Hildon as the basis for its GUI. In June 2008, Ubuntu Mobile 8.04 was released.[35][36] Ubuntu Mobile ended active development in 2009 after 9.10 Alpha 6.[37]

Equipment producers would have been able to customize their distributions, including options such as Flash, Java, or custom interfaces.[38]

According to Canonical, Ubuntu Mobile would provide an "uncompromised Web 2.0 experience". It was to include features such as Web browsing, email, media, camera, VoIP, instant messaging, GPS, blogging, digital TV, games, contacts, and calendars, with regular software updates.[38]

Features

[edit]

Ubuntu Touch uses the Qt 5-based[39] touch user interface and various software frameworks originally developed for Maemo and MeeGo such as oFono as telephony stack,[40] accounts-sso for single sign-on,[41][42] and Maliit for input.[43] Using libhybris[44][45] the system can often be used with Linux kernels used in Android, which makes it easily ported to most recent Android smartphones.[46]

Libertine is Ubuntu's project to run traditional desktop X applications.[47]

Ubuntu Touch on OnePlus One

Lock screen

[edit]

When Ubuntu Touch is turned on, no lock screen immediately appears, as applications will prompt the user to unlock if necessary when they are opened. The centre of the "Welcome Screen" is a visualisation of activity on the device. It shows the user's status and recent events on the welcome screen, completed with a design around the circle which reflects activity on the phone over the preceding month.[48]

Included applications

[edit]
A Fairphone 2 smartphone running Ubuntu Touch displaying the Apps scope

Ubuntu Touch includes core applications such as a calculator, an e-mail client, an alarm clock, a file manager, and even a terminal among others. Twelve or more core applications are currently being developed.[49] Several Ubuntu Touch applications work on the desktop as well, including Morph Browser, Calendar, Clocks, Gallery, Notes, Reminders, Terminal, and Weather.[50]

Side stage

[edit]

Side stage was introduced in 2013[51] and allows users to run both "tablet apps" and "phone apps" side by side, resizing each on the top as and when you need to see more of them.[52][53] It aims to "go even further" with the idea of multitasking, allowing screen space to be divided in this manner. Examples shown in the announcement video included a notes app being used alongside a web browser, and a user swiping from the right edge to bring a mobile version of the Facebook app into view over a playing video.

Design

[edit]

Users can access the whole system by swiping from the edges of the screen. A short swipe from the left edge allows for instant access to applications pinned to the launcher, while swiping all the way across reveals the home scope, which can be set by the user. This menu is available from the home screen and any running app.[54]

Ubuntu Touch's multitasking is accessed by swiping the finger from the right edge of the screen to the left, which switches to the previous application (short swipe) or shows all open apps (long swipe). Swiping up from the bottom is used to show or hide tools specific to the app being used, which gives Ubuntu Phone the ability to run applications with a large, uncluttered canvas by default.[55]

Target market

[edit]

Mark Shuttleworth, the founder of the company Canonical Ltd., believed that Ubuntu for phones will first find a niche in countries where Ubuntu is well known; more specifically, developing markets such as India and China where computers have Ubuntu pre-installed. However, the success of Ubuntu Phone in these markets is difficult to predict.[56]

Despite Ubuntu's popularity among open source developers, penetrating the legacy-bound business market will continue to be somewhat challenging for Ubuntu. Companies employing the "bring your own device" (BYOD) method have already adapted to using Android and iOS devices and the benefits posed by Ubuntu may not be adequately considered.[57]

Requirements

[edit]

Hardware

[edit]

Ubuntu Touch requires that a system's CPU support certain hardware features.

System requirements for smartphones[58]
Criteria Mid to high end devices
Processor architecture ARM Cortex-A7
Memory 1 GB
Flash storage 8 GB eMMC
Multi-touch Yes


Ubuntu tablet hardware requirements[59]
Entry level consumer Ubuntu tablet High-end Ubuntu enterprise tablet
Processor architecture Dual-core ARM Cortex-A15 Quad-core ARM Cortex-A15 or Intel x86
Memory 2 GB preferred 4 GB preferred
Flash storage 8 GB minimum 8 GB minimum
Screen size 7–10-inch 10–12-inch
Multi-touch 4 fingers 4–10 fingers
Full desktop convergence No Yes

Software

[edit]

Ubuntu Touch can be installed on a number of phones that originally appeared with Android.[60] It is necessary for these devices to offer an open source tree, so that the drivers can be recompiled for the new OS.[61] Ubuntu Touch uses Halium in order to communicate with the hardware using Android drivers.[62]

In 2023, UBPorts argues that "Halium has 95% contributions from us only"[63]

Reception

[edit]

Adrian Covert, writing for CNN on 2 January 2013, predicted that the operating system will not gain wide use, stating, "carving out a niche in the seemingly unshakable mobile space—ruled by the Android-and-Apple duopoly—still requires a critical mass of users and a lively ecosystem of app developers. Realistically speaking, the chances of this even upstaging Windows Phone or BlackBerry 10 are slim. At best, Ubuntu seems like a sandbox for the most enthusiastic early adopters and a cheap enterprise solution for companies on a tight budget."[64]

Joey Sneddon of OMG! Ubuntu disagreed with Covert's assessment, writing, "commentators like Covert are missing the point. See, Ubuntu Phones aren't really going to claw much market share away from Apple or Google. And this neat 'dock your phone and use it as a desktop' feature, whilst innovative, won't be the main lure for many [...]. During his keynote address earlier this week, Mark Shuttleworth continually referred to 'emerging' markets as the battleground on which an Ubuntu Phone would fight it out for impact [...]. It's this sector, the low-end, that the battle for the hearts, minds and hands of the less tech-savvy will take place."[65]

Rich Trenholm writing for CNET on 27 February 2013, "[...] But on first impression I'm hugely taken with Ubuntu Touch. It's elegant, thoughtful, and versatile, while remaining beautifully straightforward. [...] it's by far the strongest potential rival to Android, iOS, and Windows Phone. In fact, I prefer it to iOS, which long ago lost its shine, and heck, maybe even to Android, too. Fingers crossed that manufacturers and phone carriers get behind it, because I'd happily lay down my own cash for an Ubuntu Touch phone."[66]

Jason Jenkins, writing for CNET on 27 February 2013, MWC Awards 2013, "[...] Lots was said about the impressive number of carriers and manufacturers Firefox OS has lined up behind it. But once put to a vote, Ubuntu Touch was the clear winner, with Firefox OS the runner-up. The team thought that Ubuntu Touch, the tablet version of which we got our hands-on for the first time at MWC, feels more like the complete package at this point. [...]"[67]

Jesse Smith from DistroWatch Weekly reviewed the Ubuntu Phone in Meizu Pro 5 lauding the price, interface, responsiveness and frequency of updates, calling it a "pleasant phone and communications experience" and distinguished it as a user-oriented device as opposed to Android's application-oriented nature and noted that it would be more likely to appeal to those interested in technology—Linux fans in particular—but was too new to appeal to the public at large. This was due, in part, to the limited selection of phone apps, partially due to the small size of the market, but stated that LibreOffice and GIMP were available. It took him a while to understand what differentiated scopes from applications. He also noted that the platform was free of advertisements.[68]

Commercially available devices

[edit]

The first smartphone with Ubuntu Touch preinstalled was the BQ Aquaris E4.5 Ubuntu Edition in February 2015[69] and it was sold only in the European Union. Three months after, in May 2015, the Meizu MX4 Ubuntu Edition went on sale in China, becoming the second Ubuntu phone.[70] On 9 June 2015, launched another device running Ubuntu Touch, the Aquaris E5 Ubuntu Edition.[71] The first tablet released was the Aquaris M10 Ubuntu Edition; it was announced on 5 February 2016 and made publicly available two months later.[72] In April 2016, the same month as the Aquaris M10, the Meizu PRO 5 Ubuntu Edition was released.[73] During this time period, BQ was also working on the first 'Convergent' Ubuntu Phone and the planned launch date was initially 2015 then pushed back to 2016.

In 2018, Purism and the UBports Foundation began collaborating on making Ubuntu Touch available for the Librem 5.[74] The PinePhone from Pine64 was made available for preorder on 15 November 2019 with support for Ubuntu Touch along with many other FOSS mobile operating systems.[75] With the release of OTA-15[76] in December 2020, Ubuntu Touch began supporting the FX Technology Ltd. F(x)tec Pro1 (2019)[citation needed] and Pro1 X (2022)[77][78] phones.[78][79] The Volla Phone from Hallo Welt Systeme UG launched with official support for Ubuntu Touch in December 2020 as well (identical with Siemens GigaSet GX290).[80]

Ubuntu Touch also supports Pine64 devices, such as the PinePhone, Pinephone Pro, and PineTab/PineTab 2 devices.[81][82][83]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Ubuntu Touch

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Ubuntu Touch is a free and open-source Linux-based designed for smartphones and tablets, emphasizing user , , and convergence between mobile and desktop computing environments. Originally initiated by Ltd. as a touch-optimized variant of in 2011, the project was discontinued by Canonical in April 2017, after which the community-driven UBports Foundation assumed full responsibility for its development and maintenance. The operating system features a gesture-based built with Qt/QML technologies, enabling smooth navigation without reliance on traditional buttons or menus, and includes core applications such as a , , and photo gallery. Its architecture incorporates a read-only filesystem for enhanced stability and security, with user data managed through bind mounts, and utilizes Halium—a layer based on Android's kernel via containers—to ensure compatibility with a wide range of devices. Security is bolstered by for application confinement and a trusted/untrusted app model, while features like allow running desktop applications in isolated containers, and experimental Waydroid support enables execution of Android apps. A hallmark of Ubuntu Touch is its convergence mode, which transforms the device into a desktop workstation when connected to an external display via USB-C, utilizing the phone's screen as a touchpad for input. Native applications are developed using the Clickable tool and distributed as Click packages through the OpenStore, promoting a privacy-focused ecosystem free from proprietary dependencies. As of its latest release, Ubuntu Touch 24.04-1.0 (based on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS), the OS supports dozens of devices, including promoted models like the Fairphone 5, Google Pixel 3a, OnePlus 6, and Volla Phone series, with enhancements such as light mode theming, experimental data encryption, and improved USB tethering. This release underscores UBports' commitment to long-term device support, extending usability to hardware over nine years old in some cases.

History

Canonical era

Canonical initiated the development of a in February 2012 with the announcement of for Android, a project designed to integrate 's with Android devices in a dual-boot-like fashion, allowing users to access a full desktop when the phone was docked to a monitor via . This approach aimed to leverage existing Android hardware while providing Linux-based features, but it represented a hybrid solution rather than a standalone mobile OS. By January 2013, Canonical pivoted to the Ubuntu Mobile project, rebranded as Ubuntu for phones, with the goal of creating a complete Linux-based optimized for touch interfaces and convergence across devices like phones, tablets, and PCs. The project emphasized a unified OS experience, where a single device could switch seamlessly between mobile and desktop modes, a concept heavily promoted by founder in blog posts highlighting the potential for phone-PC convergence. At CES 2013, Shuttleworth demonstrated an early prototype on a , showcasing gesture-based navigation and the promise of desktop-like capabilities when connected to external displays, though the demo focused more on interface fluidity than full functionality. The first developer preview of Ubuntu Touch was released on February 21, 2013, initially supporting the and , enabling developers to test core features like , messaging, and web browsing on actual hardware. In 2014, Canonical secured partnerships with OEMs including and to produce commercial devices, while continuing developer support for hardware; these collaborations aimed to bring Ubuntu Touch to mid- and high-end smartphones by year's end, though delays pushed initial shipments. Shuttleworth reiterated the convergence vision in mid-2014 blog updates, envisioning Ubuntu phones as versatile computing hubs that could drive external monitors and peripherals without additional hardware. The first commercial release of Ubuntu Touch for supported devices such as the Aquaris E5, launched in October 2015 based on Ubuntu 15.04, introduced improved app scopes and better hardware integration for partners like Meizu's MX4 and 's Aquaris series. However, the era was marked by challenges, including unfulfilled convergence promises that relied on widespread OEM adoption, which failed to materialize due to limited app ecosystem growth and competition from Android and iOS. In April 2017, Canonical announced its withdrawal from Ubuntu Touch development, citing insufficient carrier and OEM support to achieve commercial viability. The project was subsequently handed over to the UBports community for continued maintenance.

UBports transition

In April 2017, following Canonical's announcement to discontinue development of , the UBports community assumed full responsibility for the project's maintenance, establishing itself as a non-profit organization dedicated to sustaining the . The UBports Foundation was formally registered in in 2019, but its community-led efforts began immediately in 2017 to preserve and advance the platform through open-source collaboration. To address the challenges of porting Ubuntu Touch to diverse hardware reliant on Android drivers, the community initiated the Halium project in April 2017, which provides a unified layer integrating Android's binary blobs with / distributions. Halium enabled efficient reuse of existing Android kernel components, allowing Ubuntu Touch to run on devices without proprietary codebases from scratch, and positioned the (codename hammerhead) as an early reference device for these ports. This integration was crucial for UBports' initial efforts, as it reduced fragmentation across mobile projects like Ubuntu Touch. The first major UBports release, Ubuntu Touch 16.04 (OTA-4), arrived in August 2018, upgrading the base from Canonical's Ubuntu 15.04 to the more stable 16.04 LTS for enhanced and reliability on supported devices. This update prioritized stability improvements, such as power-saving features and better hardware compatibility, over new functionalities, reflecting the community's focus on maintaining usability for existing users during the transition. Sustained by volunteer developers and key contributors like Zied Hamzaoui, UBports relied on community funding through donations via platforms such as , , and to cover infrastructure, events, and development coordination. These efforts were essential, as the project transitioned from corporate backing to support without dedicated salaries for most participants. The handover presented significant challenges, including the abrupt loss of Canonical's engineering resources and codebases, which left UBports without a structured transition and forced reliance on volunteer-driven ports for legacy hardware like the Nexus 5. Early development emphasized stabilizing ports for such older devices, where volunteer efforts addressed hardware-specific issues like display and sensor integration amid limited testing capabilities. A key milestone was the launch of the UBports Installer in early 2018, a cross-platform graphical tool that simplified device flashing by automating , Android ROM installation, and Ubuntu Touch deployment, making the OS more accessible to non-technical users. While UBports continued to draw inspiration from Canonical's convergence vision—enabling seamless desktop-like experiences on external displays—the community faced ongoing hurdles in fully realizing it due to hardware and resource constraints.

Post-2020 developments

Following the UBports transition, Ubuntu Touch continued to evolve through a series of over-the-air (OTA) updates in the 16.04-based series during the early , with OTA-13 released in 2020 adding support for six new devices including the Google Pixel 3a and . Subsequent releases like OTA-14 in November 2020 introduced testing for enhanced stability and device compatibility. This period saw incremental improvements in hardware support and bug fixes, culminating in OTA-25 on March 31, 2023, which marked the end of the 16.04 series. A major milestone came with the launch of the Ubuntu 20.04 LTS-based series in March 2023, starting with OTA-1 Focal, which brought updated security patches, better multimedia handling via improved QtWebEngine, and initial support for devices like the Volla Phone. OTA-2 in July 2023 expanded compatibility to include the and F(x)tec Pro1 X, alongside refinements in power efficiency. OTA-3 in November 2023 further enhanced multimedia capabilities through audio fixes and added beta OTA support for Pine64's and PineTab devices. The 20.04 series progressed with OTA-4 in January 2024, focusing on security updates and user privacy features such as hiding notification content on the lock screen and requiring confirmation for ADB connections from new computers. OTA-5 in July 2024 improved power management with a more granular power profile system distinguishing between sustained and interactive modes on supported hardware. OTA-6 in November 2024 was a minor update prioritizing base OS stability ahead of larger changes. OTA-7 in November 2024 delivered critical security fixes for PulseAudio and other components. In March 2025, OTA-8 introduced modern enhancements including VoLTE support for select Volla devices, WPA3 Wi-Fi compatibility, and general stability improvements, with plans for broader rollout. OTA-9 in June 2025 further advanced VoLTE out-of-the-box for additional Volla models and integrated Waydroid features for better Android app compatibility. OTA-10 in September 2025 added an upgrader tool for migrating to the new base and support for the Rabbit R1 device. Parallel to these releases, UBports initiated development on a Ubuntu 24.04 LTS base in late 2024, with the development release 24.04-1.x entering testing phases by early 2025. Stabilization efforts were discussed in forums during May and June 2025, addressing boot issues and compatibility. The stable 24.04-1.0 release arrived on September 30, 2025, supporting devices like the /3+, Asus Max Pro M1, and F(x)tec Pro1 X, with fresh logos and enhanced features. In late 2025, testing commenced for 24.04-1.1, focusing on bug fixes including voice call issues on select devices, with release anticipated in mid-November. Community growth accelerated post-2020, with increased device ports including full support for the by early 2025, featuring active commits as recent as October 2025. Ongoing partnerships with ensured robust compatibility for the series, including OTA updates tailored for its hardware. Funding expanded through contributions, which supported monthly development, alongside one-time donations via the UBports webshop and . Community events, such as presentations at in prior years, helped raise awareness and attract contributors. In 2025, forum discussions on forums.ubports.com highlighted progress in and VoLTE, with VoLTE and VoWiFi enhancements enabled for devices like the and following the 24.04 upgrade, and initial testing on models like the N10 5G. These updates were shared in status threads throughout the year, emphasizing improved for daily use.

Technical foundation

Architecture and components

Ubuntu Touch is built on the operating system, specifically based on 24.04 LTS in its 2025 releases, providing a Debian-derived foundation adapted for mobile devices. This base includes core components optimized for touch-based interactions and resource-constrained hardware, with a read-only root filesystem to enhance stability and security by preventing unauthorized modifications to system files. The system employs a device-specific , with versions varying by device (e.g., 4.9 for older Android ports like the Google Pixel 3a, 5.4 for the ), often derived from the original Android kernel to leverage drivers. Halium serves as the key layer, replacing the Android HAL through , which translates Android-specific interfaces to standard APIs, enabling compatibility with components like cameras, sensors, and modems without full mainline kernel support. The display is managed by Wayland, integrated via the Lomiri compositor for efficient rendering on mobile screens. functions as the init system, handling service management and boot processes in a parallelized manner suitable for quick startup on embedded devices. Native applications are developed using the Qt framework (version 5) with for declarative UI design, distributed as Click packages that integrate seamlessly with the system's sandboxed environment. For legacy desktop applications, provides LXC-based containers to run traditional packages in isolation, allowing compatibility with X11-based software without compromising the mobile core. Security is enforced through profiles that confine applications to minimal permissions, a read-only filesystem that limits root access, and privacy defaults that prohibit collection or data transmission without explicit user consent; however, full-disk encryption remains unsupported in current implementations. The boot process generally utilizes the device's existing Android bootloader, with the UBports installer repartitioning and flashing Ubuntu Touch images while preserving options for dual-booting where feasible. On native Linux devices like the , U-Boot serves as the for greater flexibility. Compared to desktop Ubuntu, Ubuntu Touch incorporates mobile-specific kernel patches for , touch input calibration, and battery optimization, ensuring efficient operation on ARM-based hardware with limited resources.

User interface design

Ubuntu Touch's user interface is powered by Lomiri, a touch-optimized graphical shell originally developed as Unity 8 by Canonical starting in 2015 and forked by the UBports community in 2017 to continue development after Canonical discontinued the project. In 2020, UBports renamed it Lomiri to distinguish it from the unrelated Unity game engine and to reflect its evolution into a convergent environment adaptable to phones, tablets, and desktops. Lomiri is built using QML on the Qt framework, enabling fluid rendering and interactions suited for touchscreen devices. The design philosophy of Lomiri emphasizes and efficiency for mobile use, featuring a card-based layout where applications appear as interactive cards that users can spread across the screen for multitasking. Navigation relies on intuitive controls, such as edge swipes from the left to open the app drawer, right swipes to access notifications, and three-finger gestures to enter side-stage mode for running secondary apps alongside the primary one. This gesture-based paradigm reduces reliance on on-screen buttons, promoting a clean, immersive experience optimized for small displays. A key element of the interface is Scopes, a unified content aggregation system introduced in early Ubuntu Touch versions to provide dynamic, contextual views pulling from apps, web services, and device data without opening individual applications. Scopes function as customizable lenses, such as a news scope aggregating headlines or a media scope displaying photos and videos, enhancing discoverability in a touch-centric environment. Theming in Lomiri supports customization through Qt stylesheets, allowing users to adjust colors, icons, and layouts via or third-party tools. Dark mode, introduced in OTA-8, became a standard option to improve visibility in low-light conditions and reduce battery consumption on screens, with automatic switching based on time or manual toggle. Accessibility features include gesture customization, where users can remap swipes and taps for easier interaction.

Core features

Ubuntu Touch emphasizes gesture-based navigation and multitasking, enabling users to interact seamlessly with the operating system on touchscreens. The Lomiri user interface powers these interactions, allowing for smooth transitions between s through intuitive swipes and pinches. A key aspect is the side stage multitasking feature, which lets users run a secondary in a resizable floating window alongside the primary application, facilitating efficient productivity without full app switching. The in Ubuntu Touch is designed for quick access and customization, displaying notifications, weather updates via integrated apps, and quick toggles for settings like or brightness. Users can personalize it further with third-party apps, such as those adding custom messages or enhanced info circles. Where supported by hardware, it accommodates biometric unlock methods like scanning for secure and convenient access. Privacy is a foundational element of Ubuntu Touch, with apps running in sandboxed environments enforced by , restricting access to system resources unless explicitly permitted. By default, the OS excludes services, promoting a de-Googled experience focused on user control and . VPN integration is straightforward, allowing easy setup of providers like ProtonVPN for encrypted connections. Offline capabilities underscore Ubuntu Touch's Linux roots, providing full terminal access through a dedicated app for command-line operations without dependency. The built-in supports USB OTG connectivity, enabling direct interaction with external storage devices like flash drives for file transfers and management. Battery management includes do-not-disturb modes to suppress notifications during focused periods and adaptive features that optimize polling rates for sensors and background processes. Releases in 2025, such as the Ubuntu 24.04 LTS-based version, incorporate refinements for improved standby efficiency and overall performance on supported hardware. A distinctive capability is the potential for on-device self-hosting, where users can leverage Ubuntu Touch's to run lightweight server services, aligning with privacy-focused tools like FreedomBox for personal data management without external clouds.

Software and applications

Pre-installed apps

Ubuntu Touch comes pre-installed with a suite of open-source applications designed to provide essential functionality for mobile use, all developed without proprietary dependencies and primarily built using native Qt frameworks or technologies for seamless integration with the Lomiri user interface. These apps leverage for user interfaces and or C++ for backend logic, ensuring compatibility and performance on supported hardware. The core communication apps include the , which handles voice calls and supports (VoLTE) on compatible devices and carriers, enabling high-definition audio over 4G networks where hardware and modem firmware allow. The Messages app manages and MMS communications, providing a simple interface for text-based interactions with threaded conversations and media attachments. For media handling, the Camera app captures photos and videos using the device's hardware sensors, supporting standard formats though advanced features like RAW output remain under development despite hardware capabilities on many devices. The Gallery app organizes and views images and videos in a grid-based layout, with basic editing tools and support for metadata. The Music app plays audio files from local storage, featuring playback controls, playlists, and equalizer options for supported formats. The Clock app includes alarm, timer, stopwatch, and world clock functions for time management. Productivity tools encompass the Document Viewer, which renders PDF files and common office formats like DOCX and ODT using open-source libraries for annotation and zooming. The Calculator app offers basic arithmetic, scientific functions, and unit conversions in a touch-friendly . Notes, available as a core app, allows quick text entry and organization, with options for syncing via compatible services like . The , known as Morph Browser, is based on QtWebEngine—a Chromium-derived engine—providing modern rendering, tab management, and bookmarking without extension support. Utilities include the for navigating storage, copying files, and basic operations across local and connected devices; the Terminal app for command-line access to the underlying shell; and the Settings app, which centralizes system configuration with dedicated toggles for permissions, location services, and app data access. In the Ubuntu Touch 24.04-1.0 release (September 2025), enhancements to pre-installed apps included system-wide theme switching with dark and light mode support, improving usability across applications like Morph Browser.

App ecosystem and compatibility

Ubuntu Touch's app ecosystem centers on the OpenStore, its primary native app repository, which hosts a catalog of between 400 and 500 applications as of 2025, focusing on tailored for mobile use. Developers can create native apps using the Lomiri UI Toolkit, a set of Qt/C++ components designed for building convergent interfaces that adapt across devices, enabling seamless experiences from phones to desktops. This toolkit supports rapid prototyping and deployment, with apps distributed directly through the OpenStore for easy installation on supported devices. For broader compatibility, Ubuntu Touch integrates Waydroid, a container-based system that runs Android applications alongside native ones, serving as a modern successor to the older Anbox framework. Waydroid allows users to sideload APK files obtained from sources like , with tools such as the Aurora Store providing an open-source interface to access and download apps anonymously without requiring a . Additionally, WebApps wrap web services into native-like experiences using a dedicated web engine container, enabling quick access to online tools like or social platforms without full app development. Despite these options, the faces challenges, including a relatively small native app selection compared to the millions available on Android or platforms, which limits options for proprietary or specialized software. Community efforts have addressed some gaps through ports of popular applications, such as enhanced compatibility via configuration tweaks for better support and ongoing discussions for native integration. Similar volunteer-driven adaptations exist for messaging apps like Signal, though full native versions remain scarce. As of November 2025, the Ubuntu Touch 24.04-1.0 release (September 2025) has stabilized the base system with improvements to Waydroid for better APK sideloading and app compatibility, without pursuing official Google Play integration to uphold the platform's privacy-centric philosophy.

Convergence capabilities

Ubuntu Touch's convergence capabilities enable the operating system to seamlessly transition from a mobile interface to a full desktop environment when connected to an external display, fulfilling a vision originally outlined by Canonical in 2013 during demonstrations of Ubuntu for smartphones. This feature, now maintained by the UBports community, activates automatically upon docking via HDMI or USB-C, switching the user interface to the Lomiri desktop shell for a traditional computing experience. Key features include support for windowed desktop applications, such as installed through the container system, alongside native keyboard and mouse input for precise control. Multi-monitor configurations are possible where the underlying hardware supports extended display outputs, and the phone's screen can function as a in this setup. Qt-based applications further enhance convergence by dynamically adapting their layouts to the larger screen and input methods without requiring separate codebases. Hardware requirements center on devices capable of video output, typically through with alternate mode or legacy MHL adapters for compatible ports. UBports has refined these capabilities since taking over development, with the OTA-6 update in 2024 improving wireless display stability and input handling to enhance overall . As of 2025, convergence remains partially implemented on older devices due to hardware constraints like limited video output support, but it operates fully on modern hardware such as the . This mode positions Ubuntu Touch devices as versatile productivity tools, allowing users to repurpose their phone as a portable for tasks like document editing and web browsing when docked to external peripherals.

System requirements and installation

Hardware specifications

Ubuntu Touch is designed to run on a variety of mobile devices, primarily targeting ARM-based hardware to ensure compatibility with common and tablet architectures. The operating system requires processors from the ARMv7 family or higher, including Cortex-A8, A9, and subsequent models, with a preference for 64-bit ARMv8 architectures for optimal performance. Community discussions suggest that devices with at least 2 GB RAM perform better for basic functions and multitasking, though official minimums are not specified. Lower amounts may lead to instability. Storage needs are modest, with sufficient internal flash storage required for installation and user data; the OS itself occupies around 5-7 GB. The display must feature a capacitive with support to enable the gesture-driven . Devices lacking these display capabilities are incompatible. Additional hardware components enhance functionality: integrated (802.11 b/g/n or better), 4.0+, and GPS are standard for location services and connectivity. A cellular is optional but necessary for voice calls and data; recent 2025 ports support VoLTE and emerging on compatible chipsets. Power management relies on batteries exceeding 2000 mAh for reasonable usage, with effective thermal controls to prevent throttling during prolonged operation. As of 2025, Ubuntu Touch has been optimized for mid-range devices, delivering fluid performance on hardware like those with Snapdragon 600-series or equivalent SoCs. However, it may struggle on very low-end systems.

Supported devices

Ubuntu Touch is compatible with dozens of devices as of 2025, encompassing smartphones and tablets with varying levels of support maintained by UBports and the community; the UBports installer includes a compatibility checker to verify device eligibility before installation. Official UBports-supported devices include the and (with full support for the latter confirmed stable in 2025), and (pre-installed options from partners like ), Volla Phone series (including Volla Phone 22, with stable status in 2025), 3a, and 6. Community ports extend compatibility to devices such as select models (with varying functionality), Xiaomi Poco X3 NFC, and others. Support levels are classified as full (encompassing calls, camera, and core hardware), partial (often restricted to and basic operations), or end-of-life (EOL, such as the Nexus 4, which no longer receives updates). In 2025, notable updates include new ports achieving stable status for the and Volla Phone 22, alongside device-specific kernel optimizations introduced in OTA-8 to enhance hardware integration on Volla devices. For users seeking enhanced , UBports recommends acquiring end-of-life Android smartphones from the supported , enabling migration to a de-Googled -based OS without compromising existing hardware investments.

Installation methods

Ubuntu Touch installation primarily relies on the UBports Installer, a tool available for Windows, , and macOS that automates the process of downloading necessary images and flashing them to compatible devices via USB connection. To use the installer, users download the appropriate package from the official UBports website—such as the .exe for Windows, .dmg for macOS, or Snap/ for —then launch the application without elevated privileges like on . The tool guides users through selecting a supported device from the , verifying prerequisites, and proceeding with the installation, which includes the device into or recovery mode automatically. Key prerequisites for installation include an unlocked on the target device, which typically requires enabling developer options, USB debugging, and OEM unlocking in the device's Android settings before using commands like fastboot oem unlock or equivalent tools. Additionally, users must install ADB and drivers on their computer, ensure the device runs a compatible stock or specific Android ROM version as required by the device port, and back up all data since the process erases the device. Unlocking the bootloader and flashing voids the manufacturer's warranty and carries risks of bricking the device if not followed correctly. For advanced users preferring manual installation, the process involves using command-line tools like for and image flashing on devices with or chipsets, or for Exynos-based devices. This method requires downloading device-specific system images and root filesystem from the UBports repository, booting into fastboot mode with adb reboot bootloader, and executing commands such as fastboot flash boot boot.img followed by fastboot flash system system.img and rebooting. Manual methods are documented in device-specific porting guides on the UBports forums and are recommended only for those familiar with Android development tools to avoid errors. Dual-booting Ubuntu Touch alongside Android has limited support and is not officially endorsed by UBports, though older methods using MultiROM—a custom recovery tool—were possible on select devices like series by flashing a modified kernel and secondary ROM partitions. Current installations via the UBports Installer replace the primary Android partition entirely, precluding native dual-boot without advanced partitioning that risks system instability. Post-installation, over-the-air (OTA) updates are managed through the built-in System Updater application, which checks for and applies new channel releases like devel, rc, or without requiring a computer. Rollback to Android is feasible on many devices by reflashing the original stock ROM using the manufacturer's tools or , provided the remains unlocked and compatible images are available—users should follow device-specific guides to restore the factory state. As of 2025, the UBports Installer has seen updates improving compatibility, with version 0.11.0 (released June 2025) and later versions enhancing device detection and error handling during the flashing process for broader hardware support.

Community and reception

Development community

The UBports Foundation, established in 2017 as a under German law, serves as the primary entity supporting the collaborative development and maintenance of Ubuntu Touch. It provides financial, organizational, and legal backing to the broader , enabling contributions of , , and resources while acting as an independent legal structure to promote the operating system's widespread adoption. The foundation emerged from the 's assumption of responsibility for Ubuntu Touch following Canonical's reduced involvement in April 2017. The development community operates through multiple platforms, including dedicated forums for discussions, GitLab repositories for code hosting and issue tracking, and Matrix channels for real-time communication. Forums facilitate general discourse, announcements, and support queries, while GitLab supports collaborative porting efforts via a community ports hub where developers manage device-specific adaptations. Matrix rooms, such as the main UBports space, enable ongoing coordination among participants. This decentralized structure fosters among volunteers worldwide. As of 2025, the community comprises over 700 contributors, including a core group of 7 to 10 main developers handling primary tasks, alongside numerous volunteers and individuals in sponsored roles funded through initiatives like NGI Zero grants from the . These grants support targeted projects, such as enhancing hardware compatibility and software stability, allowing for dedicated efforts beyond volunteer capacity. Contributions range from code submissions and bug fixes to documentation and testing, with processes governed by regular Q&A sessions and merge request reviews on . A port request system on enables community members to propose and track new device ports, ensuring structured progression of hardware support. Funding for the community primarily comes from donations via platforms like and , which cover server infrastructure, hardware for testing, and developer stipends. These recurring contributions, along with occasional for specific hardware needs, sustain ongoing operations without reliance on corporate sponsorships. The foundation encourages broad participation through a adapted from Ubuntu's guidelines, emphasizing respectful interactions across all project spaces. Inclusivity is further promoted via translation efforts, with UBports projects localized into over 127 languages using Weblate, making resources accessible to non-English speakers and expanding global outreach. Key volunteers, such as forum contributor @poVoq, actively engage in discussions on technical challenges and feature proposals, while dedicated teams maintain critical components like Halium—the hardware abstraction layer bridging Android drivers with Ubuntu Touch—and Lomiri, the touch-friendly shell evolved from Unity8. These teams collaborate via , focusing on updates for compatibility with modern devices and convergence features, ensuring the project's technical viability.

Critical and user reception

Upon its launch in , Ubuntu Touch received praise for its innovative gesture-based interface and potential for convergence between mobile and desktop experiences, with The Verge highlighting the OS's dynamic and seamless multitasking as a fresh alternative to Android and . However, early reviews also noted significant challenges, including software bugs and the lack of commercial devices from original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), as 's promises of hardware partnerships failed to materialize, leading to limited adoption by 2017. The project's discontinuation by in April 2017 was widely criticized for abandoning users and developers, though it underscored the difficulties of competing in the mobile OS market without strong OEM support. In the UBports era following Canonical's exit, reception shifted toward appreciation for Ubuntu Touch's emphasis on and open-source principles, with users and reviewers commending its de-Googled nature that avoids data tracking inherent in mainstream mobile OSes. Positive coverage highlighted features like confinement for app security, positioning it as a viable option for privacy-conscious individuals, though app availability remained a persistent drawback compared to Android's ecosystem. Recent 2025 YouTube reviews of installations on devices like the praised the OS's clean interface and ethical alignment but pointed to occasional call quality issues stemming from incomplete optimizations. User feedback from forums and reviews consistently notes improved battery life due to the lightweight OS design, often outperforming stock Android on older hardware, alongside benefits from de-Googling such as reduced background data usage. However, hardware driver gaps frequently lead to frustrations, including inconsistent camera performance and connectivity on non-flagship devices. On the OpenStore, apps and the platform itself average around 4 out of 5 stars from user ratings, reflecting satisfaction with core functionality but calls for more native applications. Media outlets in 2025 have spotlighted updates like OTA-8, which introduced dark theme support in the Morph browser and initial VoLTE enhancements for select Volla Phone models, marking progress in usability for voice calls over modern networks. Broader articles emphasize de-Googling advantages, such as enhanced control, appealing to users seeking alternatives to ecosystems. Criticisms persist regarding the scarcity of and VoLTE support on many devices until these 2025 updates, limiting appeal for users reliant on advanced cellular features. Overall, Ubuntu Touch maintains a niche but dedicated following, with reader reviews averaging 7.9 out of 10 based on experiences emphasizing freedom over convenience.

Current status and future outlook

As of November 2025, Ubuntu Touch has achieved a stable foundation on 24.04 LTS with the release of version 24.04-1.0 in September 2025, marking a significant upgrade from the previous Ubuntu 20.04 base and introducing enhancements in system stability, updated graphics drivers, and improved app compatibility. Recent updates, including the rollout of 24.04-1.1 release candidate 1, confirm an ongoing stabilization phase focused on refining performance across supported hardware. The operating system now supports dozens of devices through official promotions and community ports, including models like the , 3a, and Volla Phone series, with pre-installation options available from manufacturers such as Volla and Pine64. Despite these advancements, Ubuntu Touch faces notable challenges in a competitive dominated by alternative Linux mobile distributions like and , which offer broader hardware compatibility and faster iteration cycles. Additionally, the reliance on aging hardware—such as end-of-life support for pre-2018 smartphones—limits adoption, as newer devices require extensive porting efforts to achieve full functionality, including and integration. Looking ahead, the UBports community aims to integrate future Ubuntu LTS releases, with ongoing work toward enhanced support on compatible devices like the OnePlus Nord N10 , though full standalone remains constrained by underlying Android HAL dependencies. Broader goals include expanding device support through community contributions and securing additional funding to sustain development, potentially reaching more hardware variants by the late . Sustainability efforts heavily depend on public donations to the UBports Foundation, which covers infrastructure and promotion costs, alongside informal collaborations with ethical hardware makers like for preloaded devices. Ubuntu Touch continues to play a pivotal role in the revival of Linux-based mobile operating systems, inspiring parallel projects such as Mobian on hardware and contributing to a emphasizing and open-source principles over proprietary alternatives.

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