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Tagum
Tagum
from Wikipedia

Tagum, officially the City of Tagum (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Tagum; Filipino: Lungsod ng Tagum), is a component city and capital of the Davao del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 300,042, [5] making it the most populous component city in Mindanao and in Davao del Norte, as well as the second most populous in Davao Region after Davao City.

Key Information

It is one of the topmost livable cities in the Philippines, and was one of the finalists in the most child-friendly city in the Philippines – component category along with Laoag, and Talisay, Cebu.[6] In the 2021 Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index (CMCI), the city of Tagum ranked third on the overall competitive component cities in the Philippines, fourth on infrastructure, second in resiliency, thirteenth on economic dynamism and first on government efficiency.[7]

Etymology

[edit]
Nabintad River, part of the original river system that flowed around Magugpo and is currently a protected marine sanctuary due to its natural abundance of mangrove trees.

There is no official record as to the origin and meaning of the name Tagum, but in Kalagans tagyum (or variants tayum, tagung-tagung) refers to the indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria Linn.). On the one hand, a legend explains how the name Magugpo, the city's former name, came about. At the beginning, Magugpo was nothing but a vast wilderness, inhabited by the Mansakas, Manguangans, Mandayas and the Kalagans in the coastal barangays. The name Magugpo was derived from the native word mago, a name of a certain tree, and ugpo means very high. According to legend, the natives were occupying a river basin inside the thickly covered forest where they could not even see the sun. The creek where the natives dwelt still exists, but the once abundant freshwater is now dead due to pollution.[8]

History

[edit]

The area of Tagum was inhabited by Mandaya, Maguindanaon and Kagan. By the mid-1800s it was a part and serves as a vassal of Sultanate of Maguindanao and was ruled by the Maguindanaon Datu Bago, which spanned the entire Davao Gulf region and had its capital in what is now Davao City known as Pinagurasan.[9] When the Spanish arrived with soldiers and settlers led by Don Jose Cruz de Uyanguren to take the settlement in 1848, Datu Bago and his warriors resisted for three months until he finally saw the hopelessness of his cause and abandoned the settlement, which the Spanish took soon thereafter and established a town out of it giving it the name Nueva Vergara,[10] which was renamed Davao in 1867.[11] Datu Bago then gathered his followers and reestablished his residence and base at Hijo, present-day Barangay Madaum, in which his wife's Kalagan relatives have a stronghold. From there he continued resisting the Spaniards until his death in 1850. He was buried in present-day Barangay Pagsabangan where his descendants continue to pay respects to the present day.[12]

The Muslim tribes in the area led by their datus continued the anti-Spanish struggle years and decades after Dato Bago's death in 1850. Meanwhile, the district governor of Davao, Don Jose Pinzon y Purga, wanted to establish numerous reductions at the Hijo River to permanently settle the nomadic Mandayans.[9]: 25  This particularly earned the anger of the Moro tribes even more, as it meant that such a setup would mean the permanent loss of their lands to the Spaniards. So the datus of Hijo River planned a conspiracy to kill the Spanish governor, and in 1861 they executed their plan, inviting him to a home of another datu where they eventually killed him and his 8 other colleagues.[9]: 189–190  Despite the death of the Spanish governor Pinzon, however, the succeeding governors of Davao went along with the plan of creating reductions for the Mandayas, eventually leading to the creation of reducciones of Hijo, Bincungan and Pagsabangan in 1885.[9] The Moro Kalagans responded with attacks on Mandayan settlements in which many Mandayans were killed, which they did for several years onward until the arrival of the Americans in 1899.[13]: 201 

Rise to townhood

[edit]

The Spanish authorities left the district of Davao at the aftermath of the Philippine Revolution, and the Americans took over. American prospectors then arrived and set up several plantations at Busaon, Bincungan and Hijo in 1906 and onwards. Tagum became a municipal district of Davao in March 10, 1917, with the passage of Act No. 2711 approved by Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison, with its seat of government located at Hijo in what is now Barangay Madaum.[14] By then only the areas of Bincungan and settlements along the Hijo River were populated, while the rest is still virgin forest and grasslands. It would only be more than twelve years later in October 1929 when the first real transformation of Tagum occurred when the first Christian immigrant, a certain Sulpicio Quirante from Moalboal, Cebu, came and settled in what is now Magugpo Poblacion. He was then followed by other Cebuano pioneers as well as individuals from Luzon and other parts of Visayas who then established their own plots in the area. Physical land developments started to emerge when the migrants organized themselves into the Magugpo Homesteaders' Association and bought the homestead of Lolo Mandaya, a native. They subdivided the land into residential lots of 750 square meters each and sold these lots at ₱1.50 each to newcomers. The amount paid by the buyer also served as a membership fee to the association.

In 1932, Engineers Ignacio and Alib, both from Davao City, together with 15 laborers surveyed the trail for the National Highway. At this time and prior to the creation of the highway, the only means of transportation from Davao City to Tagum was by boat using the Hijo and Tagum Rivers as its points of entry. The first physical landmarks of Magugpo were a school building, a teacher's cottage, a rest house, and a chapel, all of which were constructed by the Homesteaders' Association in the early 1930s.

In 1941, a bill was sponsored by Assemblyman Cesar Sotto, Davao's representative to the National Assembly, that stipulates the incorporation of Tagum from a municipal district of Davao into a full-fledged municipality. Tagum finally became a town with the signing of Executive Order No. 352, issued by then Commonwealth President Manuel L. Quezon on June 23, 1941, establishing the Municipality of Tagum with its seat of government still at Hijo as was before.[15] It had its first local civil government under the leadership of Manuel Baura Suaybaguio, Sr. and Sulpicio Quirante. Both were appointed as the first Mayor and Vice Mayor, respectively. But while the town was still at its infancy as an incorporated settlement, the Second World War broke out in December 1941. The war badly damaged the Magugpo settlement that only five houses were left standing at Magugpo after the liberation. From the rubble, Suaybaguio and Quirante spearheaded the construction of houses, drugstores, stores and a church (which remains on the same site even today). The national government's infrastructure projects such as the Davao-Agusan National Highway and provincial roads going to Kapalong and Saug paved the way to the influx of more migrants from Luzon and Visayas and foreign immigrants to the municipality.

Contemporary history

[edit]

The local government of Magugpo was formalized with the holding of the first local election in 1947. Suaybaguio retained his position, gaining a new Vice Mayor in the person of Lucio Berdida.

Significant changes were made such as the renaming of Magugpo to Tagum by virtue of a municipal council resolution. In 1948, Mayor Suaybaguio transferred the seat of government from Hijo to Magugpo Poblacion. The following year the new municipality of Panabo was born. Vice Mayor Berdida who really hailed from the said place was appointed as Panabo's Mayor. This paved the way for Macario Bermudez to become Tagum's Vice Mayor.

Throughout the 1950s onward, Tagum experienced significant changes in both political arena and its physical landscape. Under the administrations of Mayor Eliseo Villanueva Wakan and Mayor Hermigildo Baluyo, in 1951 and 1955 respectively, the people of Tagum witnessed physical transformations in the town. There was massive construction of roads. The Municipal Hall was constructed and moved to its present site. The Municipal Health Center along Bonifacio St. was also put up. A public market site was donated by the Ilocano Pereyras family.

In 1954, the boundary between Tagum, Mabini (formerly Doña Alicia), and Compostela was formalized by Republic Act No. 1102, approved June 15. The boundary line between the municipality of Tagum and Doña Alicia is the Dumlan River from the Gulf of Davao to the source of the river and a straight line from said source running northwestward to the concrete monument in the sitio of Libaybay. The Hijo River was considered the boundary between the municipalities of Tagum and Compostela.[16]

Economically, Tagum was slowly becoming a convenient place for traders to exchange products with neighboring municipalities. The booming abaca and coconut industries in the early 1950s contributed significantly to the growth of the local economy. Alongside the economic development, came the establishment of two schools/colleges, Holy Cross College (now St. Mary's College) and Mindanao Colleges (now the University of Mindanao) which were then the only providers of tertiary education in the province outside Davao City. The presence of these two schools slowly contributed to making Tagum another possible educational center for Davao.

Tagum's role as an important center for various activities made it the capital town of the newly-established province of Davao del Norte in 1967, when the whole of Davao was finally divided into three provinces: del Norte, del Sur, and Oriental. Having become the provincial seat of Davao del Norte, it continued its transformation. In the 1971 local elections Baloyo, after 16 years in office, was replaced by Gelacio "Yayong" Gementiza. Fortunately for Gementiza's administration, the economic losses of the dying abaca sector and the receding importance of the coconut industry were more than offset by the gains of the emerging banana plantations. Indeed, the banana impetus propelled the total development of Tagum into a bustling metropolis. The once sleepy town became the beehive of business activities in Southeastern Mindanao.

The progressive economy then made it easier for Gementiza's administration to undertake infrastructure development projects such as the expansion of the municipal hall, concreting of the public market (through loans from the Development Bank of the Philippines), the asphalting of more municipal roads, and opening of more barangay roads. In the process, various offices were created: Municipal Engineering Office, Municipal Planning and Development Office, Municipal Assessor's Office, and the Fire Station.

The 1980s were turbulent years for Tagum, politically speaking. There was a heavy turnover of local officials for various reasons. Tolentino's administration which started in 1980, was rocked by anomalies, thus forcing him to resign from office 16 months after taking his oath. Tolentino's resignation led to the appointment of Prospero Estabillo as Mayor and Victorio Suaybaguio, Jr. as Vice Mayor. As a result, there were major changes in the positions of the Council Members. Like the rest of the nation, Tagum suffered political instability and serious peace and order problems during the first five years of the decade. The EDSA Revolution in 1986 practically changed the political climate. Baltazar Sator who was appointed OIC-Mayor then was elected as Congressman in 1987. Victorio Suaybaguio, Jr., eventually assumed the leadership of the town after the 1988 election.

In spite of the prevailing political unrest of the early eighties, Tagum continuously enjoyed an expanding economy, though at a slower pace. There might have been a slight slump in the banana industry, but the discovery of abundant mineral resources, specifically gold, in various areas of Davao Province triggered the mini-local economies, not just in Tagum but in the neighboring municipalities as well. Thus, in the later part of the decade, the construction sector grew at an unprecedented pace. Towards the 1990s and onwards, Tagum has been undoubtedly turning itself into a strategic and important growth center in Southeastern Mindanao.

Cityhood

[edit]
Maharlika Highway - Gov. Generoso Bridge Junction to Tagum (right) and to Carmen (left)

The 1990s have been significant years not only for Tagum, but for the entire Philippine Government bureaucracy. There was a radical change in the system of government through the passage of Republic Act 7160 otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991. By virtue of the said Republic Act, decentralization had taken off. The former centralized form of government became decentralized through devolution. As an effect, local government units (LGUs) were given additional functions, powers, authorities and responsibilities.

Although, the decentralization policy of the state was very relevant and vital for local and national development, however, there were also problems and issues that were encountered along the process of its implementation. For Tagum, financial and organizational problems were felt by the local officialdom. This was because the former municipality has broader areas of services with only limited financial and manpower resources. But this situation had been gradually resolved through various revenue-raising strategies and grants/aids from the national and foreign funding institutions.

One of the significant accomplishments of the officialdom of Tagum during the 1990s was its elevation from a second to the first-class municipality. This opened a gateway to increase its financial resources through the Internal Revenue Allocation (IRA) from the national government and local revenues. This was under the leadership of Hon Victorio R. Suaybaguio, Jr. who sat as mayor Tagum for three consecutive terms (1988–1998). As a matter of fact, during the 1995 election, all incumbent elected officials of Tagum, from Mayor down to the municipal councilors, were unopposed, making a significant event in the political history of Tagum.

The fast urbanization of Tagum from the late '80s to 1990 which was attributed to the mushrooming of business establishments and other commercial activities, increasing population and services, and other factors, has caused various problems and needs, like roads, drainage, the increasing numbers of squatters, upscaling trend of traffic congestion in major streets, garbage and sanitation, land use and others. Confronted by this situation, the local government of Tagum engaged in the revision of its Municipal Comprehensive Development Plan (MCDP). This was spearheaded by the Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO) with assistance from the University of the Philippines College of Architecture Foundation, Inc. (UP ARKI), Manila and the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLRB), Region XI.

The MCDP was approved in December 1993. And during that year, Tagum was the second municipality in Region XI which had an approved Municipal Comprehensive Development Plan.

Tagum had increased the number of its barangays when the division of Barangay Poblacion which is an urbanized barangay of Tagum occurred in 1995. This resulted to the creation of four new barangays, namely, Barangay Magugpo North, Barangay Magugpo South, Barangay Magugpo East, and Barangay Magugpo West.

Another important event that happened particularly in 1997 was the transfer of the public market to the new ₱60 million public market which is more than a kilometer away from the old market. The new market was constructed in a seven hectare donated land by the Pereyras family. The said area is also the site of the new Tagum Overland Transport Integrated Terminal (TOTIT) worth ₱60 million and the Livestock Auction Center worth ₱2.5 million.

Foremost of the development of Tagum in the 1990s was its conversion into a component city of Davao del Norte. Congressman Baltazar Sator sponsored House Bill No.7509 in the House of Congress. Prior to its approval, a public hearing was conducted in Tagum by the Committee on Local Government of the House of Congress, chaired by Congressman Ciriaco Alfelor. The said law passed all the requisites in the House of Congress, resulting in its approval. Then, the Republic Act 8472 “An Act Converting the Municipality of Tagum into a City, to be known as the City of Tagum” was passed to the House of Senate through the sponsorship of Senator Vicente Sotto III. The incumbent Municipal Mayor, Victorio R. Suaybaguio, Jr., who served his last term in the office, became the first City Mayor of Tagum. His incumbency as the first city mayor was only for a short period, however, because he resigned from the office to seek for a higher political position. In the May 1998 election, Suaybaguio run as Vice Governor in Davao del Norte. By virtue of the law, Arrel R. Olaño, the incumbent City Vice Mayor took over the position as the City Mayor. However, he only served in his capacity as the mayor for a short period because he also resigned and sought for a higher political position as board member in the provincial government.

As City of Tagum

[edit]
Then Mayor Rey T. Uy signing the contract for the construction of the new City Hall of Tagum.

The next higher in rank in the officialdom was the first city councilor in the person of Octavio R. Valle. By this capacity, he took over the position as the Vice Mayor and became the Acting City Mayor of Tagum while running as Vice Mayor in the May 1998 election. The first elected City Officials of Tagum assumed office on July 1, 1998, under the leadership of Mayor Rey T. Uy and Vice Mayor Gerardo R. Racho. In 2001, Uy failed in his reelection bid to Gelacio P. Gementiza, but regained the mayoralty seat in the 2004 elections as Gementiza became provincial governor of Davao del Norte.

The 2007 local elections saw the reelectionists-tandem Uy and Allan L. Rellon pitted against the opposition candidates Meliton D. Lemos and running-mate, Geterito T. Gementiza, with the Uy-Rellon tandem winning by a big margin of votes.

At present, the incumbent local chief executives, with the support of the City Legislative Council and various LGU organizations, initiated political will to forge a new brand of public administration. Mayor Rey T. Uy then replicated some of his management principles and strategies in the corporate world to his local office, with rapid urbanization, improvement of transportation, infrastructure, and public facilities, the rise of more businesses, and improvement of lives amongst Tagumeños. In 2008, due to these improvements, Tagum became the second First-Class city in Davao Region (next to Davao City) with a combined income of PhP463,476,022.99 as recognized by the Department of Finance and Department of the Interior and Local Government.

The 2010 general elections saw again the Uy-Rellon tandem against First District congressman Arrel Olaño and the tandem of Gementiza-Aventurado. Uy and Rellon won by a landslide and were proclaimed days after the said election.

In 2006, Tagum became the Palm Tree City of the Philippines. It also holds an unofficial record for having the tallest Christmas tree in the Philippines. At 153 feet tall, the stunning structure erected at the Freedom Park at the back of the City Hall rivaled Puerto Princesa City's 100 feet tall Christmas tree. Tagum is also the home of the world's biggest wooden rosary, made out of ironwood, located at the Christ The King Cathedral, also one of the region's biggest Catholic churches.

Since 1999, Tagum annually hosts the Musikahan Festival aimed at showcasing the musical talents of Tagumeños, Mindanaoans, and Filipinos in general, draws thousands of visitors both locally and internationally. Currently, the city is the only one in the Philippines to have a direct joint agreement with Venezuela for cultural exchange, in line with the 11th Musikahan sa Tagum in 2011, thus supporting the city's claim as The Cultural Center of Mindanao, and as affirmed by the University of the Philippines Diliman College of Music and College of Arts and Letters.

Tagum hosted three major national competitions in 2010, to wit, the National English Jazz Chants Festival, the National Schools Press Conference and the 9th Musikahan Festival. The 3rd International Rondalla Festival, the first international competition Tagum hosted in 2011, implanted the city into the roster of cultural hubs in Southeast Asia.

In recognition for the city's efforts in strengthening literacy in the region, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) will confer the Honourable Mention for the King Sejong International Literacy Prize to the City Literacy Coordinating Council of Tagum for its “Peace Management Literacy and Continuing Education through Night Market” programme.[17]

Vice Mayor Allan L. Rellon succeeded Uy as the City Mayor during the 2013 Midterm elections, with Geterito "Boyet" T. Gemetiza succeeding Rellon's earlier post.

Geography

[edit]

Tagum has a total land area of 19,580 hectares (48,400 acres), which is predominantly agricultural, and produces various kinds of crops like coconut, rice, Cavendish banana, fruit trees like durian, lanzones and other agricultural crops for non-commercial use.

The city is strategically located at the northern portion of Southern Mindanao and lies in the intersection of three major road network systems namely: the Phil-Japan Friendship Highway, the Davao-Mati-Agusan road, and the soon to be completed Davao-Bukidnon road that connects the city to other major destinations in the region and in the rest of Mindanao. With this, the city serves as a vital economic crossroad not only for the province but for the entire Davao Region as well, linking Davao City to the northern city of Butuan (in Agusan del Norte), to Mati (in Davao Oriental) and the Surigao provinces.

The city is located 55 kilometers north of Davao City, the main economic and administrative center of Region XI. It takes about 1 hour and 30 minutes travel to Davao City. The city lies between 7°26′ N latitude and 125°48' E Longitude. It is bounded by the Municipalities of Asuncion, New Corella, and Mawab on the north, Maco on the east, and Braulio E. Dujali on the west. Carmen lies on its southwestern borders, while it faces Davao Gulf directly to the south.

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Tagum
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29
(84)
29
(84)
30
(86)
31
(88)
30
(86)
30
(86)
30
(86)
30
(86)
30
(86)
30
(86)
30
(86)
30
(86)
30
(86)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 22
(72)
22
(72)
22
(72)
23
(73)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
24
(75)
23
(73)
22
(72)
23
(74)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 98
(3.9)
86
(3.4)
91
(3.6)
83
(3.3)
133
(5.2)
158
(6.2)
111
(4.4)
101
(4.0)
94
(3.7)
117
(4.6)
131
(5.2)
94
(3.7)
1,297
(51.2)
Average rainy days 16.4 14.3 16.3 18.5 25.3 25.0 23.8 21.9 20.8 24.4 24.3 18.7 249.7
Source: Meteoblue[18]

Tagum has a tropical rainforest climate (type Af) under the Köppen climate classification system. The city enjoys weather that remains balmy all year round. It is characterized by a uniform distribution of rainfall, temperature, humidity, and air pressure. It has no pronounced wet or dry season. Weather predictability makes it highly conducive to agricultural production. Temperature ranges from 20 to 32 °C and average rainfall is up to 1,300 mm yearly.

Barangays

[edit]

Tagum is politically subdivided into 23 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.

Political map of Tagum, Davao del Norte
Barangay Population (according to 2024 census) Area (in hectares)
Apokon
40,500 2,630
Bincungan
4,113 1,485
Busaon
3,450 1,056
Canocotan
9,510 2,655
Cuambogan
13,416 880
La Filipina
23,556 550
Liboganon
3,035 612
Madaum
15,454 2,665
Magdum
13,331 2,655
Magugpo Poblacion
2,081 980.55
15,065 255.51
Magugpo North
8,530 73.48
Magugpo South
10,182 134.03
Magugpo West
12,710 216.43
Mankilam
42,540 1,176
New Balamban
1,654 520
Nueva Fuerza
2,709 616
Pagsabangan
5,332 1,350
Pandapan
2,471 530
San Agustin
1,628 522
San Isidro
4,832 802
San Miguel (Camp 4)
23,022 609
Visayan Village
40,921 1,520

Demographics

[edit]
Population census of Tagum
YearPop.±% p.a.
1918 6,371—    
1939 19,808+5.55%
1948 29,678+4.59%
1960 28,982−0.20%
1970 47,324+5.02%
1975 64,225+6.32%
1980 86,201+6.06%
1990 135,440+4.62%
1995 156,588+2.76%
2000 179,531+2.97%
2007 215,967+2.58%
2010 242,801+4.35%
2015 259,444+1.27%
2020 296,202+2.83%
2024 300,042+0.31%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [19][20][21][22][23]

Economy

[edit]

Poverty incidence of Tagum

5
10
15
20
2000
13.56
2003
15.42
2006
17.90
2009
15.02
2012
13.77
2015
13.57
2018
5.50
2021
8.43

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]

Tagum, from being a predominantly agricultural area, has become Mindanao's fastest-growing urban city due to its strategic location, being in the crossroads between the rural areas of Davao del Norte and Davao de Oro and the urban Metro Davao. Blessed with a developed infrastructure, the city manages to export goods like wood chips, veneer plywood, and wood lumber. Fresh bananas, however, remain as the chief export product.

Thanks to the influx of people from the countryside of Davao del Norte and Davao de Oro the rise of human resources has helped a lot in the revenue generation of the city.

Tourism has also become of the city's main economic powerhouse lately. With fifteen festivals in the city's calendar, small and medium entrepreneurs, or SMEs, and the transportation sector have benefited from the rapid influx of domestic and international visitors visiting the various festivals in the city.

The notable growth of Tagum Cooperative being one of the best cooperatives in the Philippines with a membership of 179,000 from the city and the neighboring towns and city within the region clearly signifies the city's financial standing and capabilities.

Transportation

[edit]

Tagum City is the second busiest city in Davao Region and 8th in Mindanao, making the city accessible by land transportation to different parts of Mindanao. The existing land transportation in the city consists of jeepneys from nearby municipalities and barangays, single motorcycles, and tricycles (e.g. pedicabs), which is the primary mode of transportation in this city. Public utility vehicles in Tagum City Overland Transport Integrated Terminal bound to following municipalities and cities: Santo Tomas, Kapalong, Asuncion, Talaingod, Panabo City, Carmen, Braulio Dujali, New Corella, San Isidro, Laak, Maco, Mabini, Pantukan, Mawab, Nabunturan, Banaybanay, Lupon and Governor Generoso.

Bus companies like Davao Metro Shuttle, Del Norte Fighters and Land Car Inc. ply route from Tagum City to Davao City, New Bataan and Panabo City. Buses from Butuan, Surigao City, Ormoc City, Tacloban City, Manila, Mati City and Davao City are housed in Tagum City Overland Transport Integrated Terminal to cater their passenger needs.

Tagum is bisected by N1 (Maharlika Highway), which serves as a principal arterial for the city, as well as a major route between Davao City and areas to the north. Other major highways include N909 (Tagum City Diversion Road), which serves the adjacent municipalities to the west, and N74 (Apokon Road), which runs to Davao Oriental. Due to the worsening traffic condition in the city, the local government unit and DPWH had agreed on the construction of a 1.6 kilometer flyover along Daang Maharlika. This flyover will stretch from CAP Building (Visayan Village) to Kar Asia (Magugpo East). The project costs ₱3 billion and construction has started in September 2017.

Aside from the reconstruction of Hijo Port to Tagum International Container Port (the second biggest port in the Philippines upon completion), Tagum City is also eyed to be the site of the newest airport in the region. This new gateway is planned ahead to decongest the nearby Francisco Bangoy International Airport in Davao City.

Health Care

[edit]

Some of the medical centers in Tagum are the following:

  • Aquino Specialists Medical Hospital
  • Christ The King Hospital (formerly Bishop Regan Memorial Hospital)
  • Davao Regional Medical Center - one of the best public hospitals in the Philippines
  • Medical Mission Group Hospital and Health Services Cooperative of Tagum
  • Midpark Medical Center [U/C]
  • Palm City Medical Center [U/C]
  • St. Genevieve Hospital
  • Tagum Medical City
  • Tagum Global Medical Center (owned by ACE Medical Group of Companies)
  • Tagum Doctors' Hospital
  • United Doctors' Hospital

Education

[edit]
Tagum City National High School
Tagum City National Comprehensive High School
La Filipina National High School

Tagum is known for its successful literacy program in schools spearheaded by the Project REY (Reading Empowers Youth) Project and the leadership of the LGU in education-related activities. The City Government is also known for its school construction projects, known as "LGU Type" buildings, built to improve the school facilities in Tagum, in general. The most notable schools with these construction projects are Tagum City National High School, Davao del Norte Pilot Central School, and Tagum City National Comprehensive High School.

With these, Tagum City won as National Champion (Component City Category) in the Search for the Most Outstanding LGU in the Implementation of the National Literacy Program in the year 2001. In addition, in the years 2004 and 2005, Tagum City ended as 2nd Place Winner in the National Level (Component City Category) Search for the Most Outstanding LGU in the Implementation of the National Literacy Program.

Tagum has been chosen by the Department of Education as the host for the National Schools Press Conference in February 2010, with all public schools housing all participants while two private schools are commissioned as contest areas for writing, layout, and scriptwriting events.

Tagum has 22 colleges, 12 high schools, and 35 primary institutions offering elementary education.

Tertiary education

[edit]

Universities

Colleges

  • Academia de Davao (Davao Academy)
  • ACES Tagum College (ATC) - (Main Campus)
  • AMA Computer Learning Center Tagum Campus (ACLC)
  • Arriesgado College Foundation Inc.(ACFI)
  • CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc. (CMDI)
  • Colegio de Capitolio
  • Computer Innovation Center (CIC)
  • Liceo de Davao - Tagum City (LDD)
  • Narisma Computer Literacy
  • North Davao College Tagum Foundation (NDC Tagum City)
  • Philippine Institute of Technical Education (PITE)
  • Queen of Apostles College Seminary (QACS)
  • Sandugo Institute of Technology (SIT)
  • St.John Learning Center of Tagum City
  • St. Mary's College of Tagum, Inc. (SMC)
  • St. Michael Technical School
  • St. Therese Driving School
  • St. Thomas More School of Law and Business;
  • STI Tagum
  • Tagum Longford College (TLC)
  • Tagum City College of Science and Technology Foundation Inc.
  • Tagum City Institute of Technology
  • Tagum Doctors College, Inc. (TDCI)
  • Tagum National Trade School
  • Philippine Nippon Technical College (the first Japanese College in Mindanao)
  • Rizal Memorial Colleges (Tagum City Campus)

Secondary education

[edit]

Public high schools

  • Busaon Integrated School (BIS)
  • Canocotan National High School (CNHS)
  • La Filipina National High School (LFNHS)
  • Laureta National High School (LNHS)
  • Liboganon Integrated School (LIS)
  • Magdum National High School (MNHS)
  • Pagsabangan National High School (PNHS)
  • Pandapan Integrated School (PIS)
  • Jose Tuason Jr. Memorial National High School (JTJMNHS)
  • Pipisan Maug National High School (PMNHS)
  • Tagum City National Comprehensive High School (TCNCHS)
  • Tagum City National High School (TCNHS)
  • Tagum National Trade School (TNTS) / Tagum City Trade School (TCTS)

Private high schools

  • Arriesgado College Foundation Inc. (ACFI)
  • Assumpta School of Tagum (AST)
  • CARD-MRI Development Institute, Inc. (CMDI)
  • Liceo de Davao (LDD)
  • Letran de Davao, Inc. (LDDI)
  • Max Mirafuentes Academy (MMA)
  • San Lorenzo Ruiz Academy of Tagum (SLRAT)
  • Santo Nino College of Science and Technology
  • St. Mary's College of Tagum (SMC)
  • Tagum Longford College (TLC)
  • University of Mindanao Tagum College (UMTC)

Media

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Tagum, being in the broadcast range from television and cable stations based in Davao City, had no indigenous media industry until 2005, when Manila Broadcasting Company now MBC Media Group started airing as 107.9 Radyo Natin Tagum (DXWG). Four radio stations started airing after the local media explosion in 2007. Another radio station, 100.7 Radio Caritas FM, started airing in the waves by January 2010. And in November 2014, the first Christian Contemporary radio and TV station, 93.5 Care Radio & Care tv9 (CARE TELERADIO), started airing purely Christian music.

Aside from the nine radio stations, Tagum has four AM Stations, several local tabloids and newspapers and two local cable channels. PTV DavNor TV 48 is the first local TV station to operate in Tagum in 2017, and is currently owned by the government.

The LGU also supports in the information campaign through the City Information Office, publishing annual magazines and managing the City Government's web portal, where news, visuals, photos, videos and forums are posted.

Tourism

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Due to improvements of infrastructure, 49 cities and municipalities all over the country from as far north as the town of Aguinaldo in Ifugao province and farther south, the town of Bongao in Tawi-Tawi province, had sent Lakbay Aral tour officials to Tagum.[32]

Also, students from different schools and universities in the region have conducted study tours and field trips to the city, due to the diversity of its tourist spots, accessibility to transport, and high security standards.

The fourteen festivals held around the year also bring tourists, both locally and internationally, to the city, most notably during the Musikahan season (the 2010 celebrations coincided with the city's hosting of the National Schools Press Conference), Durian Festival, Christmas celebrations and the New Year celebrations, where people from nearby Davao City witness the 30-minute fireworks show, as their City Government prohibit the firing of any form of fireworks so as to avoid casualties; the 30-minute fireworks are held in Briz District and can be clearly seen at Poblacion, Magdum, Visayan Village and Canocotan.

Aside from that, people from neighboring municipalities and provinces visit Tagum for commercial, business, civil and personal purposes, as the city now hosts major amenities and services that ease up congestion in Davao City. This rate will increase toward the end of this year as more commercial establishments are being constructed in the city, notably malls, hotels, restaurants and public facilities.

Sister cities

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National cities/towns
Twin cities
Friendship cities/towns

Notable people

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[edit]

References

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Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia
from Grokipedia
Tagum, officially the City of Tagum, is a 1st class component city and capital of the province of in the . Situated in the of , it lies along the Davao Gulf with coordinates approximately 7°27′N 125°49′E and an elevation of 24 meters above . The city encompasses 23 barangays and a land area of 195.80 square kilometers. As of the 2024 census conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority, Tagum has a population of 300,042, rendering it the most populous component city in Mindanao and the largest in Davao del Norte. This growth from 296,202 in 2020 reflects a density of about 1,513 persons per square kilometer, underscoring its urbanization amid agricultural roots. The local economy centers on agriculture, producing rice, maize, bananas, coconuts, and other crops, supplemented by mining, forestry, commercial fishing, and emerging commercial districts that position Tagum as a regional hub. Tagum is recognized for its cultural vibrancy, earning nicknames such as the Palm City due to extensive palm plantations and the Music Capital of for its festivals and marching bands. Notable landmarks include the Cathedral, the largest Catholic cathedral in , and the Davao del Norte Sports and Tourism Complex, highlighting its role in regional and community events. The city government, led by Mayor Rey T. Uy, emphasizes development in infrastructure and heritage preservation.

Etymology

Name origins

The name Tagum lacks an official documented origin in historical records, with early references tracing to indigenous nomenclature rather than colonial impositions. Local linguistic traditions in the associate it with terms for the indigo plant (Indigofera ), known as "tagum" in Bisaya and variants like "tagyum" in Kalagan, an Austronesian language spoken by indigenous groups such as the Kalagan who inhabited the area. This derivation aligns with the plant's historical abundance in the region's fertile soils, used for natural dyes and traditional practices, as evidenced by ethnobotanical records of Indigofera hirsuta and bearing the name "tagum" locally. Unlike many Philippine locales subjected to Hispanicized renaming during Spanish rule (e.g., incorporating saints' names or descriptive Spanish terms), Tagum preserved its native , reflecting the limited direct colonial administrative overhaul in interior until the American period. This resilience is apparent in pre-20th-century maps and accounts referring to the vicinity by indigenous descriptors, with the prior settlement name Magugpo—itself from Mandaya words for a tall (mago) on elevated ground—transitioning to Tagum without imposed foreign equivalents upon municipalization in 1941. Such continuity underscores the causal influence of local ecology and language on place names amid broader colonization, verified through comparative linguistic studies of Austronesian terms for flora across and .

History

Pre-colonial and indigenous period

The region encompassing modern Tagum was inhabited by indigenous groups including the Mansaka, Mandaya, and Dibabawon prior to Spanish contact, who established settlements along rivers and fertile lowlands suited to their subsistence needs. These communities, part of broader Austronesian-derived populations in eastern , relied on swidden (kaingin) for cultivating crops like , bananas, and root vegetables, supplemented by wild , fishing in rivers such as the Libuganon, and gathering forest products. Social organization among these groups featured decentralized tribal structures, typically kinship-based bands or small villages without hierarchical chiefdoms or centralized polities, as the abundance of and reduced incentives for large-scale political consolidation. Mansaka settlements, for instance, were often mobile and warrior-oriented, with frequent intertribal skirmishes over territory but no evidence of expansive empires. Ethnographic records from early 20th-century observers, drawing on oral histories, describe dispersed housing patterns—houses separated by distances of up to several kilometers—reflecting low densities and self-sufficient economies adapted to the tropical environment. Archaeological data specific to Tagum remains sparse, but broader regional findings in Davao, including Austronesian migration patterns dated to at least 4,000 years ago via linguistic and genetic evidence, corroborate the long-term presence of these foraging-agriculturalist societies without indications of or beyond basic tools. Oral traditions preserved by Mandaya and Mansaka elders emphasize animistic beliefs tied to land spirits, guiding sustainable resource use in this ecologically rich but seismically active terrain.

Colonial and early modern era

During the Spanish colonial period, Tagum formed part of the expansive Davao district, characterized by sparse direct governance and emphasis on Jesuit mission outposts rather than extensive settlement, as the region remained a frontier contested by indigenous and Muslim groups. Local resistance persisted, exemplified by the 1861 assassination of Spanish Governor Jose Pinzon y Purga by Moros along the Tagum River, after which his body was quartered and distributed as a defiant message against colonial authority. Spanish administrative records from 1886 identified Tagum as a sub-district within the broader Davao jurisdiction, positioned along the Liboganon River and primarily inhabited by native communities with limited integration into the colonial economy. American administration after 1898 initiated cadastral land surveys and basic in Davao, including Tagum, which facilitated the transition to commercial centered on abaca fiber production for export. By 1905, American planters in Davao had formed the Davao Planters' Association, cultivating over substantial areas and drawing migrant labor, thereby elevating the region's output of Manila hemp as a key commodity. These reforms spurred economic shifts in Tagum from subsistence farming to cash-crop dependency, with abaca plantations expanding amid improved roads and ports that connected interior areas to global markets. Japanese forces occupied Davao, encompassing Tagum, early in 1942, imposing harsh controls that halted abaca exports and provoked widespread disruptions through forced labor and resource extraction. Local guerrilla resistance emerged, culminating in intense clashes such as the Battle of Tagum along the Hijo River in Madaum, where Filipino fighters confronted Japanese troops entrenched in the area. The occupation ended with Allied liberation in 1945, after which U.S. assistance via the 1946 Rehabilitation Act—providing $400 million for war damage claims nationwide—enabled reconstruction in Davao, including the revival of abaca fields through compensated infrastructure repairs and agricultural loans.

Post-independence development

Tagum was constituted as a municipality on July 1, 1941, through Executive Order No. 352 issued by President , carving it out from the province of Davao with Hijo as the initial . Following Philippine independence in 1946, the area—initially named Magugpo—faced severe post-World War II devastation, with only five houses remaining intact amid widespread destruction from Japanese occupation and Allied liberation efforts. Recovery efforts, led by appointed officials Manuel Baura Suaybaguio Sr. and Sulpicio Quirante, were hampered by financial constraints and limited national resources allocated for reconstruction in peripheral regions, resulting in slow infrastructural rebuilding and constrained municipal expansion through the late 1940s. The first post-independence local elections occurred in 1947, retaining Suaybaguio as mayor under President Manuel Roxas, while the municipality was renamed Tagum in 1948 and its seat relocated to Magugpo Poblacion. In the , economic activity centered on abaca and production, which boomed due to export demand and homestead settlements attracting migrants via improved access like the Davao-Agusan , driving from post-war lows. data indicate Tagum's expanded amid broader migration patterns, roughly doubling from around 10,000 in the early to over 20,000 by 1960, fueled by opportunities in rather than industrial pull factors. This influx set preconditions for later but strained local resources, as municipal budgets remained tied to basic agrarian outputs without significant diversification. The 1960s and 1970s saw Tagum designated as capital of the newly formed province in 1967, aligning with national agrarian policies under President that emphasized and corn tenancy emancipation via the 1963 (amended 1971) and Presidential Decree No. 27 in 1972. These reforms redistributed tenanted and corn lands to smallholders, modestly boosting staple crop yields in Davao areas through high-yield varieties and incentives, though implementation faced delays from landowner resistance and disputes over titles in frontier zones like Tagum. Concurrently, declining abaca and viability prompted shifts to emerging plantations, providing economic buffers but highlighting policy reliance on export commodities over diversified staples, with growth tempered by tenancy conflicts that disrupted farm productivity.

Rise to townhood and cityhood

Tagum was converted from a municipal into a full-fledged on July 1, 1941, pursuant to No. 352 issued by President on June 27, 1941, under the authority of Section 68 of the Revised Administrative Code. This administrative elevation separated Tagum from its prior status as a subordinate within the broader Province of Davao, establishing it as an independent unit with its own municipal council and executive. The move reflected the area's emerging administrative needs amid post-Commonwealth organizational reforms, with Manuel Baura Suaybaguio serving as the inaugural appointed mayor. In the ensuing decades, Tagum's boundaries were formalized through Republic Act No. 1102, approved on June 15, 1954, which delimited its territory relative to neighboring Mabini (formerly Doña Alicia) and Compostela, stabilizing jurisdictional lines for governance and development. Economic expansion in the 1950s, fueled by abaca fiber production and coconut farming, bolstered municipal revenues and , such as roads and public markets, laying groundwork for further growth without reliance on external political allocations. By the 1990s, as the capital of (established in 1972), Tagum demonstrated sustained viability through diversified commerce, including trade hubs and agricultural exports, meeting the Local Government Code of 1991's thresholds for (at least ₱20 million annually), (over 150,000), and area (at least 100 square kilometers). Cityhood was achieved via Republic Act No. 8472, enacted on January 30, 1998, which converted the into a component city, effective upon ratification by plebiscite. The legislation, sponsored in to recognize Tagum's fiscal self-sufficiency derived from commercial and agro-industrial outputs rather than patronage, empowered expanded local taxation and service delivery. Post-conversion, infrastructure enhancements, including and , correlated directly with revenue upticks from heightened business registrations and assessments, enabling empirical progress in roads and facilities without unsubstantiated favoritism claims.

Recent economic and urban growth

The of the early 1980s, driven by small-scale activities, significantly spurred economic activity and in Tagum, attracting traders and migrants who established commercial hubs along improved transport networks connecting to neighboring areas. This market-led influx led to a proliferation of business establishments, with data reflecting rapid expansion from rudimentary trading posts to formalized , as improved road links facilitated product exchange and settlement. From the 1990s through the 2010s, Tagum transitioned toward dominance, particularly exports, as regional Cavendish production expanded from 32,050 hectares in 1990 to 87,313 hectares by 2010, bolstering local processing and retail sectors. This shift, fueled by private plantations like those operated by Tagum Agricultural Development Company, transformed the city into a and distribution node, evidenced by its third-place ranking among component cities in the 2021 Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index for economic dynamism. In recent years, resolution of local insurgencies has enhanced investor confidence, with declared insurgency-free in 2022, enabling sustained and as a model for . By 2024, Tagum recorded bank deposits of approximately PHP 33.04 billion, ranking among the highest in cities and signaling robust private sector liquidity amid broader regional growth. This trajectory underscores market responsiveness to security improvements over reliance on state interventions, with urban expansion continuing through private investments.

Geography

Location and physical features


Tagum City is located in the province of in the of the , at approximately 7°27′N 125°49′E. It lies about 55 kilometers north of along the eastern seaboard of island. The city occupies lowland plains characteristic of the region's coastal margins.
The total land area of Tagum City measures 195.80 square kilometers, as determined by official surveys. This area predominantly features flat terrain formed by alluvial deposits, with soils classified mainly as sandy clay loam, which supports due to their depth exceeding 120 centimeters and moderate drainage. The topography excludes significant mountainous extensions, focusing on expansive plains that facilitate urban and farming expansion, though peripheral elevations rise modestly toward inland areas. Major physical features include river systems such as the Tuganay River, which traverses the area and forms part of the broader Tagum-Libuganon River Basin draining into Davao Gulf. These waterways, including tributaries like the Anibongan and Ising Rivers, deposit sediments that enrich the alluvial soils but also pose flood risks during heavy rainfall due to the flat gradient limiting natural drainage.

Climate and environmental conditions

Tagum exhibits a under the Köppen classification , marked by consistently high temperatures and abundant year-round without a prolonged . Mean annual temperatures hover around 26.5°C, with daily highs typically reaching 31°C and lows around 24°C, reflecting the region's maritime influence and equatorial proximity. Annual rainfall totals approximately 1,450 to 2,250 mm, concentrated in a wetter period from May to , peaking in with averages up to 142 mm monthly, while records the lowest at around 50 mm. The relatively drier months from to facilitate agricultural planting and harvesting cycles, particularly for crops like bananas and rice prevalent in . These patterns align with PAGASA's Type IV climate zone for eastern , featuring no distinct but even distribution influenced by and typhoons. Environmentally, Tagum's landscape has endured historical from and , contributing to reduced natural to about 1.5% of its area by , or roughly 270 s. Recent data indicate minimal annual losses, under 1 in , equivalent to 337 tons of CO₂ emissions avoided through retention. efforts, including in coastal zones, support soil stability and agricultural sustainability amid ongoing land pressures, without evidence of acute ecological collapse. Swamp forests in areas like Hijo preserve native and endemic , underscoring localized conservation value.

Administrative divisions

Tagum City is subdivided into 23 barangays, serving as the basic administrative units responsible for local governance, community services, and land use implementation. These divisions have remained stable since the city's incorporation in 1998, with no recorded mergers or splits verified through national local government records. The barangays are functionally categorized by designations under the city's Revised Zoning Ordinance, which separates urban cores for institutional and commercial administration from peripheral areas for production-oriented roles. Urban barangays, including Magugpo East, Magugpo West, Magugpo North, and Magugpo South, form the administrative and service hub, accommodating city hall, public facilities, and coordinated infrastructure maintenance. In contrast, rural barangays such as Cuambogan, Buenavista, and Bincungan prioritize coordinated for non-urban functions, with designated agricultural zones comprising approximately 68% of the city's land to streamline permitting and in land allocation. This framework, enforced via barangay-level committees, facilitates targeted administrative oversight, such as distinct protocols for urban versus rural protections, without overlap in jurisdictional responsibilities. Barangay captains report directly to the city mayor's office for policy alignment, ensuring uniform application of ordinances across divisions.

Demographics

Population statistics

According to the 2020 of Population and Housing conducted by the (PSA), Tagum City had a total of 296,202 residents. This marked an increase of 36,758 persons from the 259,444 recorded in the 2015 census, reflecting an average annual growth rate of 2.83 percent over the five-year period. This rate positioned Tagum as the fastest-growing city in (Region XI), surpassing the regional average and indicating sustained demographic expansion driven primarily by net in-migration rather than natural increase alone, as rural-to-urban migration patterns in the favor areas with expanding non-agricultural employment. The city's urbanization level reached 92.2 percent in 2020, classifying it among the most urbanized localities in province and underscoring a shift from agrarian bases to concentrated . This high correlates with trends, where inflows of workers seeking opportunities in trade, services, and manufacturing have concentrated residents in core barangays, contributing to infrastructure strain but also economic vitality without reliance on redistributive policies. Linear from the 2015–2020 growth trajectory—adding the quinquennial absolute increase of approximately 36,758—projects Tagum's to exceed 330,000 by mid-2025, assuming continuation of observed migration-led patterns absent major disruptions. Such estimates align with PSA methodologies for subnational projections, emphasizing empirical trends over speculative factors.
Census YearPopulationAbsolute ChangeAnnual Growth Rate (%)
2015259,444--
2020296,202+36,7582.83

Ethnic and cultural composition

Tagum's ethnic composition is dominated by Cebuano-speaking , who form the majority due to extensive migration from the region during the . Cebuano serves as the primary language, reflecting the Visayan cultural influence in daily life, commerce, and local governance. Other migrant groups, including Ilonggos, contribute to this plurality, with national census data indicating that such Visayan-descended populations prevail in province, where Tagum is the capital. Indigenous Lumad groups, notably the Mansaka, represent a minority, residing primarily in peripheral barangays and comprising an estimated 5-10% based on regional ethnographic assessments of Davao del Norte's indigenous shares. The Mansaka, traditionally agrarian and known for basketry and weaving, have seen their proportional representation diluted by ongoing in-migration from and other areas, leading to hybrid cultural practices such as interethnic marriages and shared festivals that incorporate Visayan and indigenous motifs. This integration pattern, driven by urban employment in and industry rather than state policies, has resulted in minimal documented ethnic conflicts, as economic interdependence fosters coexistence over segregation.

Religious and social demographics

Tagum's residents are predominantly Roman Catholic, aligning with diocesan statistics indicating 85.8% of the in the of Tagum—encompassing the city and surrounding areas—as Catholic in 2020. Protestant denominations, including evangelical groups, form a minority that has grown to approximately 5-7% since the , mirroring broader Philippine trends toward non-Catholic documented in national surveys. Adherents of comprise less than 1%, reflecting the region's limited exposure to Moro-majority zones in western . Social metrics underscore high educational attainment and family stability. The simple literacy rate for the household population aged 10 years and over in Davao del Norte reached 98.2% as of recent Philippine Statistics Authority assessments. Average household size in Tagum stood at 4.29 persons in the 2015 census, indicative of persistent nuclear family units amid urban development. These figures, derived from official enumerations, highlight empirical patterns without implying causal shifts beyond demographic data.

Government and Politics

Local government structure

Tagum City follows the mayor-council form of government as outlined in the Local Government Code of 1991 (Republic Act No. 7160), which establishes a strong executive branch led by an elected and a legislative body known as the . The , elected for a three-year term renewable up to three consecutive times, holds executive authority, including the enforcement of laws, preparation of the annual budget, and appointment of department heads and other officials, subject to sanggunian confirmation where required. This structure promotes , with the focusing on policy execution and service delivery across 23 barangays. The , comprising the vice as presiding officer and ten elected councilors also serving three-year terms, enacts ordinances, approves budgets, and oversees executive performance through committees on finance, appropriations, and urban planning. Local legislative sessions occur regularly, ensuring community input via public hearings, as mandated by the to enhance participatory . Upon Tagum's conversion to a component via Republic Act No. 8472 on January 30, 1998, this framework was formalized, integrating the city into provincial oversight while granting autonomy in local affairs. The code's decentralization provisions empower cities like Tagum to make expeditious decisions on infrastructure and services, bypassing national bureaucratic delays, as evidenced by devolved functions in health, agriculture, and social welfare that allow tailored responses to local needs over uniform central directives. Appointive roles, including a city administrator to coordinate departmental operations and fiscal management, support the mayor in administrative efficiency, with accountability enforced through annual audits by the Commission on Audit.

Key political developments

Tagum was converted from a to a component city through Republic Act No. 8472, enacted on January 30, 1998, which granted it greater administrative autonomy and positioned it as the capital of , facilitating enhanced local governance capacities. This elevation followed a plebiscite and aligned with national efforts to decentralize power under the 1991 Local Government Code, enabling Tagum to pursue independent fiscal and developmental policies distinct from provincial oversight. The Uy family has exerted significant influence over Tagum's local politics since the early , with Rey T. Uy serving multiple terms as mayor, including re-election in the May 2022 elections and again in May 2025, where he was proclaimed on May 13, 2025, and took oath on June 26, 2025. Family members have extended this continuity, such as De Carlo Uy as vice governor of from 2022 to 2025 and Ciara Isabel Uy filing for city councilor in 2024 ahead of the 2025 polls, reflecting dynastic patterns common in Philippine local governance that prioritize familial networks for political stability amid competitive elections. While such dynasties face criticism for potentially stifling broader competition, empirical outcomes in Tagum include consistent electoral mandates linked to administrative continuity. In alignment with national counter-insurgency campaigns, Tagum's supported Davao del Norte's as insurgency-free on June 13, 2022, after the dismantling of all guerrilla fronts by the Armed Forces of the Philippines' 10th Infantry Division, with the status sustained through 2025 via community-driven peacebuilding and whole-of-government approaches. This provincial milestone, in which Tagum as capital played a coordinating role, marked a shift from prior armed conflicts to enhanced security, corroborated by three years of maintained peace by July 2025 without reported relapses.

Governance achievements

Tagum City achieved third place in the 2021 Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index (CMCI) among component cities nationwide, reflecting strengths in economic dynamism, government efficiency, , resiliency, and . This ranking, sustained through streamlined business permitting processes and reduced bureaucratic hurdles, underscores the city's focus on rather than dependency on external subsidies. In 2023, Tagum ranked first among cities in for overall competitiveness per CMCI evaluations, attributing gains to prudent resource allocation that prioritized local revenue generation and service delivery. A 2023 content analysis of official government websites and pages rated Tagum's platforms as "transparent" for display, surpassing other evaluated cities in accessibility of on budgets, procurements, and services. This transparency initiative, aligned with fiscal measures, facilitated oversight and contributed to the city's receipt of the 2023 Seal of Good Local Governance from national evaluators. The city's (GAD) office, integrated under the mayor's office with permanent staffing, earned recognition from the League of Cities of the Philippines in 2021 as a model for efficient local implementation of gender-responsive programs. These efforts emphasized practical access and utility equity without expanding administrative overhead, supporting broader efficiency through targeted, cost-effective interventions.

Criticisms and fiscal challenges

Tagum City's local government has encountered fiscal constraints typical of Philippine LGUs, prohibited from under the Local Government Code while national entities secure loans more readily, limiting flexibility for amid rapid . In 2008, Rey Uy highlighted this disparity, expressing frustration that high-level national , such as the ZTE-NBN scandal, depleted resources that could have supported local development without burdening cities with austerity measures. Public debt represented a persistent challenge, with the city holding 480,008,000 in outstanding obligations as of , halved from prior peaks but still requiring substantial servicing that competed with investments in urban expansion and services. A 2021 study on Tagum's fiscal management described these dynamics as testing local discipline, where reduction efforts coexisted with pressures from growing demands for , , and infrastructure in a highly urbanized setting, underscoring trade-offs in prioritizing repayment over expansion. Criticisms of have centered on alleged graft and misappropriation. In 2015, bus operators filed charges against the under the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act for purported irregularities in regulatory processes, reflecting broader concerns over favoritism in local business dealings. The 2024 Senate investigation into an "ayuda scam" in exposed systemic kickbacks, where recipients of crisis , including those in Tagum's vicinity, reported surrendering up to 90% of funds to intermediaries, prompting probes into local facilitation networks despite denials from involved agencies. High-profile cases linked to Tagum's district have fueled perceptions of , such as the indictment of former Second District Representative Antonio Floirendo Jr. in 2017 for graft over his financial stake in Tagum Agricultural Development Company during government leases, a charge the overturned in 2023 citing lack of evidence of impropriety. Left-leaning advocates have cited such incidents to critique in resource-rich areas like Tagum's agricultural sector, while defenders emphasized judicial acquittals and local autonomy in countering overreach claims.

Economy

Primary sectors and agriculture

Agriculture constitutes the predominant primary sector in Tagum, with extensive and cacao plantations serving as key economic drivers. Province, of which Tagum is the capital, is dubbed the "banana capital of the Philippines," featuring large-scale farms operated by multinational corporations and local producers that supply both domestic and export markets. The broader , encompassing , produced 3.43 million metric tons of bananas in 2019, representing 37.4% of national output. Cacao farming complements cultivation through systems, enhancing productivity on shared land. For instance, in New Kantipunan, Sto. Tomas, , farmers planted 1,500 plants alongside 1,800 cacao trees starting in March 2011, demonstrating viable integration. The contributes 78% of the ' cacao production, with 7,257.85 metric tons harvested from 19,975 hectares as per recent industry data. Small-scale gold mining represents a secondary primary activity with roots in the regional rush, transitioning to regulated operations amid environmental and economic pressures. These activities, concentrated in nearby upland areas, have fueled Tagum's growth as one of the ' fastest-expanding cities, though they remain subordinate to in sectoral contribution. The evolution from subsistence to export-focused agriculture in Tagum and has been propelled by global demand for bananas and cacao, supported by cooperatives that enable smallholders to access international value chains and improve yields through modern practices.

Commercial and industrial growth

Tagum's commercial sector has experienced rapid expansion in the , driven by the development of modern retail . The city hosts multiple malls, including NCCC Mall and the upcoming SM City Tagum, which is scheduled for completion in 2026 and will feature expanded retail, dining, and entertainment spaces, positioning it as a regional hub. Public markets and financial institutions further support commercial activity, serving surrounding municipalities and reflecting increased liquidity from urbanizing trade flows. Light industrial growth has complemented this, with establishments focused on , assembly, and cottage such as furniture and decor production. The Department of and Industry (DTI) has supported these through Shared Service Facilities projects, enhancing competitiveness in non-agricultural sectors. An industrial estate caters to light and medium-scale operations, including of processed goods, contributing to job creation without reliance on subsidies. Investments in these areas, including from private firms in retail and processing, have driven urbanization-linked gains, empirically correlating with localized declines through expanded market opportunities rather than redistributive programs. This non-agricultural diversification has positioned Tagum as a competitive component city in economic dynamism indices.

Investments and economic indicators

The economy of Tagum City, as the capital and primary urban center of , benefits from the province's services-dominated growth, which accounted for approximately 50% or more of (GDP) in recent years, with the sector expanding by 6.3% in 2024 to contribute ₱97.69 billion to provincial output. Overall provincial GDP growth slowed to 5.4% in 2024 from 6.0% in 2023, reflecting resilience amid national trends but highlighting dependence on services like wholesale and retail , which historically represent over 95% of new registrations in the city. Unemployment in the , encompassing Tagum, averaged below 4% in 2024, lower than historical regional medians around 5.9% and supported by expansion in services and commerce, though precise city-level data remains integrated with provincial labor force surveys showing rates near 96%. This low rate contrasts with national figures of 3.8% for the year, driven by job creation in urban trade hubs like Tagum rather than . Investment inflows emphasize Tagum's business-friendly environment, recognized nationally as the top local government unit for ease of doing business in 2021, with ongoing incentives through the Tagum City Business and Incentive Center promoting trade and services startups. New firm registrations, predominantly in services, comprised 56% of provincial totals as of early 2000s trends that persist, fostering convergence in urban-rural economic indicators despite lingering disparities in rural barangays. Recent data indicate rising business permit issuances tied to private sector jobs, though exact 2024 volumes reflect broader provincial investment codes revised for incentives.

Infrastructure

Transportation networks

Tagum City is primarily connected by a network of , including route AH26 (), which forms part of the Highway and links the city southward to (approximately 55 km away) and northward toward City. Secondary routes such as National Route 74 and National Route 909 provide intra-regional access, supporting the movement of goods and passengers across . The Libuganon Bridge, spanning the Libuganon River, enhances connectivity between Tagum and adjacent areas, reducing travel times for local traffic. These roads form the backbone of the city's transport system, with ongoing provincial road network development plans aimed at widening key segments to alleviate congestion and lower logistics expenses. Public land transport relies heavily on bus services operating from terminals like the Tagum Overland Transport Terminal, offering frequent routes to , , and other destinations via operators such as Rural Transit Mindanao Inc. (RTMI). The network facilitates efficient passenger movement, though specific daily volumes at Tagum's terminals are not publicly detailed; regional terminals in nearby handle averages of 35,000 passengers on regular days, indicating high demand along shared corridors. Improved road infrastructure has empirically reduced transportation costs for agricultural exports, such as bananas and cavendish, by enabling faster and more reliable hauling to ports and markets, thereby boosting the city's competitiveness in commodity trade. Air travel access is provided via (DVO) in , located about 50 km southeast of Tagum, with road travel times averaging 1 to 1.5 hours depending on traffic. Tagum lacks a local airfield, but city officials proposed an international airport in Barangay Madaum in 2016 to serve growing regional needs, though no construction has advanced as of 2025. No rail or major inland links exist, underscoring roads as the dominant mode for freight and commuter flows.

Healthcare facilities

The primary public healthcare facility in Tagum City is the Davao Regional Medical Center (DRMC), a Level III tertiary teaching and training under the Department of Health with an authorized bed capacity of 1,000, providing specialized services including surgery, pediatrics, and emergency care to residents of and surrounding areas. The DRMC handles third- and fourth-level care, including advanced diagnostics and public health programs like kangaroo mother care for neonates. Private hospitals supplement public services, including Tagum Medical City (formerly Bishop Joseph Regan Memorial Hospital), a 100-bed facility offering general medical and surgical care; Tagum Global Medical Center, targeting 116 beds with ambitions to lead in Region XI; and others such as Medical Mission Group Hospital, Tagum Doctors Hospital, and Aquino Medical Specialists Hospital, collectively addressing outpatient and inpatient needs for Tagum's exceeding 300,000 as of the 2024 census. Primary care is delivered through the City Health Office's network of rural health units (RHUs) across barangays, providing , , and basic consultations to enhance accessibility in peripheral areas; additionally, Super Health Centers have been established to decentralize laboratory and consultation services, reducing travel burdens for residents. Vaccination efforts, coordinated with the Department of Health, target high coverage rates, such as 95% for approximately 6,000 immunizable children under routine programs including pentavalent vaccines against , pertussis, , , and type B, as emphasized in local health initiatives as of April 2025.

Education system

The Department of Education (DepEd) oversees Tagum City's public education through its dedicated division, established in 2003, which supervises 42 public elementary and secondary schools organized into three districts. This network is supported by 2,196 teaching personnel and operates alongside 51 private schools, ensuring broad access to . Enrollment data reflects robust participation, with Tagum City recording a 93.93% rate for school year 2025-2026 as of June 19, 2025, positioning it among top performers in . DepEd implements national standards while incorporating local programs, such as capacity-building for literacy and the (ALS) for non-traditional learners, to mitigate urban-rural access disparities inherent in the city's peri-urban zones. Basic in province, of which Tagum is the capital, reached 89.9% in 2024, underscoring foundational competence amid regional socioeconomic pressures. These outcomes align with economic imperatives, fostering skills for local industries through interventions that promote completion rates, though city-specific graduation metrics are reported via provincial aggregates. initiatives, for instance, graduated 81 learners in a recent ceremony, demonstrating flexible pathways for at-risk youth.

Security and Law Enforcement

Counter-insurgency operations

In the 2010s and early 2020s, units operating in , including areas around Tagum City, conducted sustained counter-insurgency campaigns against (NPA) guerrilla fronts under the Enhanced Comprehensive Local Integration Program (E-CLIP) and Operation Inagdurus. These efforts involved intelligence-driven operations, community engagement, and targeted neutralization of rebel supply lines, resulting in the surrender of hundreds of NPA members and supporters across the province. By 2022, the cumulative impact included the dismantling of all five NPA guerrilla fronts in , with over 1,000 former rebels reintegrated through government programs. On June 13, 2022, , with Tagum as its capital, was officially declared insurgency-free by the Armed Forces of the (AFP) and Department of National Defense (DND), marking the cessation of organized NPA armed presence in the province. This status was verified through joint assessments confirming no active guerrilla units remained, sustained by ongoing monitoring and community-based intelligence networks. Government officials attributed the achievement to a "whole-of-nation" approach combining pressure with socio-economic interventions, which they claimed eroded rebel recruitment by addressing root causes like and lack of opportunities. A key component of reintegration efforts was the provision of housing and livelihood support to surrendered rebels, exemplified by the July 16, 2019, turnover ceremony in Tagum City's Cuambogan, where President awarded units at the Freedom Residences project to 375 former NPA returnees from the . This initiative, managed by the National Housing Authority, aimed to provide stable resettlement, with officials arguing it causally diminished incentives for rejoining insurgents by fostering economic self-sufficiency and community ties. spokespersons, however, have countered that such surrenders often stem from coercive tactics and intensified operations rather than voluntary choice, dismissing reintegration as superficial without broader structural reforms. Post-declaration, the AFP maintained vigilance through the , reporting sporadic surrenders in as late as 2025, including 24 alleged NPA members in August of that year, to prevent resurgence. Provincial leaders in Tagum emphasized sustained dividends, such as enhanced local and development, as evidence of the operations' long-term efficacy in securing stability.

Vigilantism and death squads

Between 2007 and 2013, the (TDS), a group of motorcycle-riding gunmen, was responsible for approximately 298 extrajudicial killings in Tagum City, primarily targeting individuals labeled as petty criminals, drug users, thieves, and , according to official records from the Provincial Police Office analyzed in a 2014 (HRW) report. These attacks typically involved a single .45-caliber gunshot to the head executed in public or semi-public settings, often at night or in broad daylight, fostering widespread fear that deterred witnesses from cooperating with investigations. Former TDS members interviewed by HRW, including hitmen who provided detailed accounts of operations, described the squad's evolution from targeting "weeds"—a term used by local officials for societal undesirables—to contract killings for fees as low as US$110, encompassing journalists, businessmen, and even police officers. Investigations linked the TDS to former Mayor Reynaldo "Rey" Uy, who served from 1998 to 2013 and allegedly authorized killings to eliminate perceived threats to public order, with police providing logistical support such as route clearance and scene management to cover tracks. Testimonies from confessed hitmen, including Romnick Minta and Jun Abayon, detailed Uy's direct orders for specific executions—five in 2009 and six in 2010, among others—and payments funneled through intermediaries like the city's Civil Security Unit. Uy denied involvement, attributing the violence to unidentified vigilantes, while police classified most cases as unsolved due to lack of , a claim HRW contested based on patterns of non-investigation and reprisals against potential informants. In 2014, the Philippine Department of Justice announced plans to file murder and frustrated murder charges against TDS leaders and members, naming Uy as a principal or co-conspirator, though prosecutions remained pending as of the report's release. Proponents of the TDS approach, including , argued that such targeted eliminations were necessary in a context of inadequate formal to curb rampant petty crime and drug-related disorder, referring to victims as societal "weeds" that endangered the city. While HRW emphasized the violations—including the deaths of minors and non-criminals—and the erosion of , the operations coincided with claims of enhanced public safety through deterrence, as local police noted a pervasive fear that discouraged criminal activity. However, the absence of comprehensive independent for the period limits verification of net reductions in overall violence, with unsolved TDS-style killings persisting beyond 2013 under subsequent administrations. This episode reflects broader patterns in the where vigilante groups fill voids left by state incapacity, though at the cost of unchecked abuses documented through police logs and perpetrator confessions.

Current security status

As of July 2025, , with Tagum City as its capital, commemorated the third anniversary of its declaration as an insurgency-free province on , 2022, following the dismantling of all guerrilla fronts in the area. This status reflects sustained minimal threats from communist , attributed to a integrating operations with local governance and community involvement. Philippine National Police data indicate low crime indices in the region, aligning with national trends of a 22.53% decline in crime rates during the first half of 2025 and a 14.34% drop in the first nine months. Police-community programs, including community policing initiatives under the PNP, have contributed to maintaining order by fostering public cooperation and preventive measures. The integrated development-security framework, emphasizing economic growth alongside enforcement, has minimized residual threats, with official assessments confirming stable peace and order in Tagum City as of 2025.

Culture and Tourism

Media landscape

The media landscape in Tagum City features a predominance of local radio stations that deliver community-oriented programming, including news, public affairs, and music, serving the city's roughly ,000 residents with hyper-local content. Brigada News FM (DXBY 97.5 MHz), operated from Magdum, emphasizes news updates and inspirational segments aimed at community improvement, broadcasting daily from early morning to midnight. Similarly, Tagumpay Radio, managed by the Tagum City government, focuses on official announcements, local governance updates, and public service information to foster civic engagement. Other notable FM outlets include RP-FM 99.9 MHz, which provides regional news and commentary for , and FMR Tagum (89.5 MHz), offering a mix of favorite music and local broadcasts to enhance listener connectivity. Print media supplements radio with community-specific reporting, exemplified by Periodico Norte, a weekly newspaper circulating in Tagum and surrounding Davao areas since its establishment, covering local politics, events, and public affairs to inform residents on municipal developments. Access to national television networks, such as GMA's on channel 5, provides broader coverage receivable in Tagum, though dedicated local TV production remains minimal, with residents relying on cable providers for additional channels. Since the , digital platforms have expanded media reach in Tagum, with radio stations adopting online streaming and for real-time updates, aligning with the ' high mobile internet penetration rate exceeding 70% by 2023, which enables wider dissemination of local issues like and economic activities without reliance on state-controlled outlets. This shift supports independent coverage of city-specific topics, such as agricultural yields and , by private broadcasters, contrasting with national media's focus on Manila-centric narratives.

Tourist attractions and events

Tagum City's tourist attractions emphasize religious sites, natural parks, and sports facilities that appeal to both pilgrims and leisure visitors. The Christ the King Cathedral, the largest Catholic cathedral in Mindanao, serves as a major draw with its expansive structure seating over 3,000 worshippers and featuring intricate designs completed in 2004. Adjacent to it stands the world's largest wooden rosary, measuring 88 meters in circumference and composed of over 7 million individual beads, certified by Guinness World Records in 2005 as a symbol of devotion that attracts thousands annually for prayer and photography. The Davao del Norte Sports and Tourism Complex (DNSTC), spanning 10 hectares, includes an aquatic center, grandstand, and multi-purpose fields used for events and recreation, boosting local tourism through hosted competitions and public access. Parks and markets provide recreational options, with the San Agustin Botanical Park offering trails amid native flora and educational exhibits on , while the Tagum features , local crafts, and live performances drawing evening crowds. Agri-tourism experiences center on plantations and estates like those managed by Hijo Resources, where visitors tour vast fields—Tagum produces over 20% of the ' bananas—participating in farm activities that highlight agricultural productivity. These sites contribute to economic growth, with monthly festivals correlating to spikes in visitor numbers as reported by local officials, though precise annual figures remain undocumented in public records. The city hosts a series of festivals throughout the year, establishing it as a cultural hub in . The Musikahan Festival in January to February celebrates the city's designation as the Music Capital of , featuring competitions for singers and musicians from across the region with concerts and street performances. June's Araw ng Tagum commemorates the city's with parades, civic events, and the San Pedro Festival honoring patron saints through processions and fairs. September's Festival promotes the fruit's harvest with tasting events, bazaars, and agricultural showcases, while the Kaimunan Festival highlights ' traditions through dances and rituals fostering community unity. Other events include the Pakaradjan Festival for Muslim clans' cultural displays and year-end Paskohan celebrations with lights, markets, and concerts across parks. These gatherings, held in venues like the DNSTC and city plazas, enhance Tagum's appeal by integrating tourism with local heritage.

Cultural heritage

Tagum City's cultural heritage reflects a synthesis of indigenous traditions and later influences, with the Mansaka people—among the predominant ethnic groups in —maintaining practices rooted in pre-colonial societies. The Mansaka, alongside Mandaya and Kagan communities, historically occupied the region, preserving elements like intricate weaving techniques using natural dyes and rhythmic dances that narrate ancestral stories of migration and harmony with the environment. These artifacts and performances provide tangible evidence of cultural continuity, as Mansaka oral histories and predate Spanish contact in the . Integration of these indigenous practices into modern civic life occurs through events where Mansaka dances and woven textiles feature in local festivals and government ceremonies, serving as bridges between and contemporary identity. Such incorporations, documented in community records, help sustain rituals tied to animistic beliefs in entities like manaog (domestic spirits), adapted alongside Catholic elements introduced post-colonially. Preservation initiatives by the local government emphasize legal safeguards against erosion from rapid urbanization. City Ordinance No. 767 (2016) mandates assistance in protecting and promoting cultural communities, while Ordinance No. 973 (2021) specifically targets the documentation and safeguarding of indigenous languages, histories, and attire to prevent dilution. The Kagikan Museum, established under Ordinance No. 958, houses artifacts and promotes conservation education, countering commercialization by prioritizing archival over exploitative uses. These ordinances, enacted amid Tagum's growth as a regional hub, reflect deliberate policy to maintain heritage integrity despite economic pressures.

Notable Individuals

Political and business figures

Gelacio P. Gementiza, a migrant from Bohol who began as a sidewalk vendor and tricycle operator, served as vice mayor of Tagum starting in 1967 and was elected mayor in 1971, defeating the incumbent after 16 years in office. He returned as mayor from 2001 to 2004 before winning the Davao del Norte gubernatorial race in a landslide, contributing to local infrastructure and governance during a period of provincial reorganization. Gementiza, known as the "man of the masses" for his grassroots origins, died of a heart attack on January 6, 2014. Rey T. Uy, born March 26, 1956, in Barangay Madaum, Tagum, holds a in from and entered in 1988 as a provincial board member. He has served multiple terms as , including re-election in 2022 and 2025, with his on June 26, 2025, emphasizing continued development. Uy's administration has earned awards, such as the 2012 Best Practice Award for anti-graft drives, and focused on economic stability through and foreign investments, including partnerships with Chinese entities for urban elevation. His long tenure has been linked to Tagum's growth as a regional hub, though it mirrors the political dynasty patterns common in Philippine local , where family continuity can limit broader competition despite delivering policy consistency. In business, Tagum's agricultural sector, dominated by banana exports, features leaders tied to major exporters like Tagum Agricultural Development Company (TADECO), a key producer of Cavendish bananas shipping to , [Hong Kong](/page/Hong Kong), Korea, , , , and the under the Del Monte brand. TADECO, under the ANFLOCOR group, has driven export revenues contributing to local employment and GDP, with operations exemplifying agri- integration in Davao del Norte's economy. Other influencers include entities like Hijo Resources Corporation, a top taxpayer supporting resource-based growth since the early . These figures and firms have fueled Tagum's transition from agrarian roots to a commercial center, with exports alone bolstering regional competitiveness.

Cultural and other contributors

Maris Racal, born Mariestella Cañedo Racal on September 22, 1997, in Tagum City, Davao del Norte, is a singer-songwriter, actress, and television personality whose career has elevated local artistic talent to national prominence. Raised in a musically inclined family as the fifth of six siblings, she attended St. Mary's College in Tagum for her secondary education before gaining widespread recognition as a contestant on the 2014 season of the reality competition Pinoy Big Brother: All In, where she finished as runner-up. Racal's contributions to original Pilipino music (OPM) include hit singles such as , which peaked at number one on Philippine charts, and albums like Ikaw Nga (2018), blending pop and styles reflective of Mindanao's rhythmic influences. , exceeding 10 singles and multiple EPs by 2024, has amassed millions of streams, fostering youth engagement in music amid Tagum's self-proclaimed status as the Music Capital of the South. Beyond recording, she has performed at local events tied to the city's Musikahan Festival, which draws thousands of participants annually to showcase regional melodies. In acting, Racal has starred in films like (2017), grossing over ₱100 million at the , and television series such as (2021), expanding her impact on cultural narratives accessible to Tagum's youth. Her dual pursuits in music and screen arts demonstrate empirical community benefits, including inspiration for local performers at events like the annual Musikahan, where over 5,000 artists participated in 2018, building on Tagum's festival legacy without reliance on political patronage.

International Relations

Sister cities and partnerships

Tagum City established its primary international sister city partnership with in Province, , on July 21, 2017, via a formal twinning agreement signed by Tagum Mayor Allan L. Rellon and Haikou Mayor Ni Qiang. The accord emphasizes mutual understanding, cultural exchanges, and cooperation in , drawing on Tagum's designation as the "Palm City of the " and Haikou's as the "Coconut City of " to facilitate potential agri-trade linkages. Subsequent efforts have included visits by Tagum officials to to reinforce ties, as noted in 2018 diplomatic engagements aimed at finalizing and sustaining the relationship. However, documented outcomes remain primarily symbolic, with no verifiable data on increased volumes, joint agricultural projects, or recurring events such as festivals; the partnership appears geared toward diplomatic goodwill rather than measurable economic spillovers.

References

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