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Timeline of Berlin
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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Berlin, Germany.
Prior to 17th century
[edit]| History of Berlin |
|---|
 |
| Margraviate of Brandenburg (1157–1806) |
| Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918) |
| German Empire (1871–1918) |
| Free State of Prussia (1918–1947) |
| Weimar Republic (1919–1933) |
| Nazi Germany (1933–1945) |
| West Germany and East Germany (1945–1990) |
|
| Federal Republic of Germany (1990–present) |
| See also |
- 1163 – Berlin founded by Albert the Bear (approximate date).[1]
- 1183 – Oak beam, discovered in 2008 by archaeologists, dated to 1183.
- 1200 – Saint Peter's Church built in Cölln (approximate date).
- 1220 – Population: 2,400.
- 1230
- St. Nicholas' Church built (approximate date).
- Tabor Church (Berlin-Hohenschönhausen) built (approximate date).
- 1237 – 28 October: First documentation of Cölln.[2]
- 1240 – Marienfelde church built (approximate date).
- 1244 – 29 April: First documentation of Berlin.[2]
- 1250
- Population: 1,200–2,000.
- Jesus Church, Berlin-Kaulsdorf built (approximate date).
- Franziskaner-Klosterkirche built (approximate date).
- Karow (Berlin) church built (approximate date).
- 1253 – Oldest known town seal of Berlin.
- 1272 – Bakers' guild established.[3]
- 1278 – Georgenhospital established.
- 1282 – First documentation of official papers of the Margrave of Brandenburg.
- 1292 – 3 January: St. Mary's Church in existence.
- 1300 – Heinersdorf church construction begins.
- 1307
- 20 March: Legal union of Berlin and Cölln.
- Population: 4,000–7,000.
- 1360 – Berlin-Cölln joins the Hanseatic League.
- 1380 – Fire.
- 1400
- Population: 7,000–8,500.
- 1,100 buildings.
- 1432 – Merger of Berlin and Cölln.
- 1433 – Schützengilde Berlin Korp. von 1433 (militia) formed.
- 1442 – Berlin leaves the Hanseatic League.
- 1443 – Stadtschloss (palace) construction begins.
- 1446 – 7 December: Pogrom against Jews.
- 1448 – 14 October: Unsuccessful protest against the construction of the Stadtschloss. Town privileges curtailed.
- 1450 – Population: 7,000–8,000.
- 1451 – Stadtschloss built.
- 1454 – St. Erasmus Chapel consecrated.
- 1468 – First documentation of Kammergericht.
- 1484 – 18 October: Jerusalem Church in existence.[4]
- 1486 – 11 March: Berlin Stadtschloss becomes permanent seat of Brandenburg Electors.
- 1510 – 100 Jews accused of desecrating hosts. 38 burned, the rest banished and stripped of their possessions.
- 1530 – Tiergarten hunting park built.
- 1539 – 1 November: Protestant Reformation.[2]
- 1540
- Church possessions secularized.
- Printing press in operation.[5]
- 1542 – Kurfürstendamm avenue built.
- 1543 – Jagdschloss Grunewald hunting lodge built.
- 1558 – Köpenick Palace built.
- 1576
- Population: 11,000–12,000.
- Bubonic plague kills 6,000 people.
- 1594 – Spandau Citadel built.
17th century
[edit]- 1600 – Population: 9,000.
- 1618 – Population: 12,000.
- 1631 – Population: 8,100.
- 1636 – Joachimsthalsches Gymnasium (school) relocates to Berlin.[citation needed]
- 1647 – Unter den Linden boulevard laid out.
- 1642 – Population: 7,500.
- 1648 – Population: 6,000.
- 1650 – Berlin Fortress construction begins.
- 1653 – Alte Kommandantur built.
- 1661 – Library of the Elector opened.
- 1664 – Schönhausen Palace built.
- 1669 – Kronprinzenpalais built.
- 1671 – 21 May: 50 Jewish families from Austria settled in Berlin.
- 1674 – Dorotheenstadt receives town privileges.
- 1677 – Köpenick Palace rebuilt and enlarged.
- 1678 – Dorotheen Church built.[4]
- 1680 – Population: 10,000.
- 1685
- 29 June: Börse Berlin stock exchange founded.
- 6,000 Huguenots settle in Berlin.
- Wooden Neustädtische Brücke built.
- Population: 17,500.
- 1688
- Gendarmenmarkt laid out.
- Jungfern Bridge built.
- Leipziger Straße (street) laid out.[citation needed]
- Population: 18,000–20,000.
- 1690 – Hohenschönhausen Castle built.
- 1691 – Friedrichstadt (Berlin) founded.
- 1693 – Jagdschloss Glienicke completed.
- 1695
- 21 July: Sebastiankirche opened.
- Friedrichsfelde Palace built.
- Lange-brucke (bridge) built.[2]
- 1696 – Academy of Arts founded.
18th century
[edit]- 1700
- 11 July: Electoral Brandenburg Society of Sciences founded.
- Population: 28,500.
- 1701 – 18 January: Berlin becomes capital of the Kingdom of Prussia.[citation needed]
- 1702 – Friedrichs-Waisenhaus Rummelsburg orphanage and infirmary established.
- 1703
- 8 July: Parochialkirche opened.[4]
- Wooden Friedrichs Bridge built.
- 1704 – Vossische Zeitung founded.
- 1705
- Charlottenburg founded.
- French Cathedral built in Friedrichstadt.
- 1706 – Zeughaus built.
- 1708
- 9 April: Neue Kirche completed in Friedrichstadt.
- Frankfurter Allee built.
- 1709
- Berlin merges with the cities of Cölln, Dorotheenstadt, Friedrichstadt, and Friedrichswerder to create the capital and royal residence of Berlin.
- Population: 55,196.
- 1710 – Charité hospital established.
- 1712 – Population: 61,000.
- 1713
- 18 June: Spandauische Kirche inaugurated.
- Charlottenburg Palace built.
- Nicolaische Buchhandlung (bookseller) in business.[6]
- 1715 – City hosts Treaty of Berlin (1715).
- 1716 – 12 July: Luisenkirche inaugurated.
- 1717 – Compulsory schooling established.
- 1720 – Späth nursery founded.
- 1721 – Population: 65,300.
- 1722 – Garrison Church built.[4]
- 1726 – Population: 72,000.
- 1730 – Population: 72,387.
- 1732
- 13 December: Treaty of the Three Black Eagles signed by Prussia.
- 1,200 Bohemians settle in Berlin to escape religious persecution.
- Population: 77,973.
- Crown Prince's Palace remodelled.
- 1733
- Prinzessinnenpalais built.
- Population: 79,017.
- 1734
- Potsdam Gate constructed.
- Pariser Platz laid out.
- Das Rondell laid out.
- 1735 – Population: 86,000.
- 1737
- City fortifications replaced by the Berlin Customs Wall
- Opera Palace[7] constructed.
- Zietenplatz built.
- 1738 – Ordenspalais built.
- 1739
- 13 August: Holy Trinity Church built.
- Prinz-Albrecht-Palais built.
- 1740 – Population: 90,000.
- 1742
- 28 July: City hosts signing of the Treaty of Berlin (1742).[8]
- 7 December: Berlin State Opera house inaugurated.
- 1743 – Opernplatz (square) laid out.
- 1746 – Population: 97,000.
- 1747 – Population: 107,224.
- 1748
- Berlin Cathedral built.[4]
- Population: 107,635.
- 1749 – Population: 110,933.
- 1750 – Population: 113,289.
- 1751
- 22 September: Ackerstraße building begins.
- Population: 116,483.
- 1752 – Population: 119,224.
- 1753
- Palais am Festungsgraben built.
- Luisenstädtische Kirche rebuilt.
- Population: 122,897.
- 1754 – Population: 125,385.
- 1755 – Population: 126,661.
- 1756 – Population: 99,224.
- 1757
- 16 October: 1757 raid on Berlin. Austrian general András Hadik raids Berlin.[9]
- Population: 94,219.
- 1758 – Population: 92,356.
- 1759 – Population: 94,433.
- 1760
- 9–12 October: Raid on Berlin. City taken by Russian and Austrian forces.[8][9][2]
- Population: 95,245.
- 1761 – Population: 98,238.
- 1762 – Population: 98,090.
- 1763
- 19 September: Royal Porcelain Factory, Berlin founded in Charlottenburg.[4]
- Population: 119,219.
- 1764
- Döbbelinsches Theater opened, the first permanent German-language theater in Berlin.
- Population: 122,667.
- 1765
- Bank established.[8]
- Population: 125,139.
- 1766
- Ephraim Palace built in Nikolaiviertel.
- Population: 125,878.
- 1767 – Population: 127,140.
- 1768 – Population: 130,359.
- 1769
- Brick Friedrichs Bridge built.
- Population: 132,365.
- 1770
- Bergakademie Berlin established.
- Population: 133,520.
- 1771 – Population: 133,639.
- 1772 – Population: 131,126.
- 1773
- 1 November: St. Hedwig's Church consecrated.[4]
- Population: 132,204.
- 1774
- Französisches Komödienhaus established.
- Population: 134,414.
- 1775 – Population: 136,137.
- 1776 – Population: 137,468.
- 1777 – Population: 140,719.
- 1778 – Population: 124,963.
- 1779 – Population: 138,225.
- 1780
- Alte Bibliothek (Berlin) (library) built.[7]
- Population: 140,625.
- 1781 – Population: 142,375.
- 1782 – Population: 143,098.
- 1783
- Wednesday Society active.
- Berlinische Monatsschrift (magazine) begins publication.
- Population: 144,224.
- 1784 – Population: 145,021.
- 1785 – Population: 146,647.
- 1786
- Bellevue Palace built.
- Population: 147,338.
- 1787 – Population: 146,167.
- 1788 – Population: 149,274.
- 1789 – Population: 149,875.
- 1790 – Population: 150,803.
- 1791
- 24 May: Sing-Akademie zu Berlin (choral society) founded.[10]
- Brandenburg Gate dedicated.[2]
- Population: 155,211.
- 1792 – Population: 157,534.
- 1793 – Population: 157,121.
- 1794 – Population: 157,603.
- 1795
- First steam engine in Berlin, used to power spinning machines.
- Population: 156,218.
- 1796
- Zuckerbäckerei Johann Josty & Co. established.
- Population: 160,733.
- 1797
- Pfaueninsel Palace built.
- Population: 164,978.
- 1798 – Population: 169,019.
- 1799
- 18 March: Bauakademie founded.
- Population: 169,510.
19th century
[edit]1800s–1860s
[edit]- 1800 – Population: 172,132.
- 1801 – Population: 176,709.
- 1802 – Population: 177,029.
- 1803 – Population: 178,309.
- 1804
- Royal Prussian Iron Foundry established.
- Population: 182,157.[11]
- 1805
- 25 October: Alexanderplatz renamed in honor of Tsar Alexander I of Russia.
- Population: 155,706.
- 1806
- 24 October: Berlin occupied by the French army.[2]
- 21 November: Napoleon issues Berlin Decree while passing through city.[1]
- Population: 155,000.
- 1807 – Population: 150,489.
- 1808
- December: French occupation ends.
- Population: 145,941.
- 1809
- Elections to city council held.
- 25 March: Berlin Police formed.
- 4 November: Gesetzlose Gesellschaft zu Berlin founded.
- Population: 151,119.
- 1810
- 15 October: University of Berlin established.[1]
- Natural History Museum established as part of the University of Berlin.
- Population: 162,971.
- 15 October: University of Berlin established.[1]
- 1811 – Population: 169,763.
- 1812
- Café Josty in business (approximate date).
- Population: 171,000.
- 1813 – Population: 178,641.
- 1814 – Population: 185,659.
- 1815
- 10 March: Nathan Israel Department Store established.
- City becomes part of the Province of Brandenburg.
- Population: 197,717.[2]
- 1816
- First continental European locomotive built at the Royal Prussian Iron Foundry.
- Population: 197,817.
- 1817 – Population: 195,689.
- 1818
- 18 September: Neue Wache inaugurated.
- Population: 198,125.
- 1819 – Population: 209,138.
- 1820 – Population: 201,900.
- 1821
- 30 March: Prussian National Monument for the Liberation Wars opened.
- 18 June: Schauspielhaus Berlin (theatre) inaugurated.[12]
- Population: 205,965.
- 1822 – Population: 209,146.
- 1824
- 29 February: Berlin Missionary Society constituted.
- Schlossbrücke rebuilt.[2]
- 1825
- 1 December: Population: 220,277.
- Sing-Akademie building constructed.[4]
- First horsebus line operational.
- 1826
- Glienicke Palace built.
- First gas lighting in Berlin at the Unter den Linden.
- Crelle's Journal founded.
- 1827 – 29 April: Premiere of Mendelssohn's opera Hochzeit des Camacho.[13]
- 1828
- 1 December: Population: 236,830.
- Berlin Geographical Society founded.
- 1830
- 3 August: Königliches Museum opens.[14]
- Museum Vaterländischer Altertümer formed.
- 1831
- 10 July: Friedrichswerder Church inaugurated.
- 1 December: Population: 248,682.
- 1834
- 3 December: Population: 265,122.
- Café Kranzler in business.
- 1835 – 24 April: Berlin Observatory opened.[4]
- 1837
- 13 August: Ss. Peter and Paul inaugurated.
- 3 December: Population: 283,722.
- August Borsig founds Machine factory on Chausseestraße.
- Old Palace built.
- Schinkelplatz laid out.
- 1838
- 22 September: Berlin-Zehlendorf station opened.
- 29 October:
- first railway in Prussia, the Berlin–Potsdam railway opened.[15]
- Berlin Potsdamer Bahnhof opened.
- Bote & Bock music publisher in business.[16]
- 1839 – 13 June: Berlin Rathaus Steglitz station opened.
- 1840
- 3 December: Population: 330,230.
- Zwei Friedenssäulen erected outside Charlottenburg Palace.
- 1841
- 1 July:
- Berlin–Halle railway opened.
- Berlin Anhalter Bahnhof opened.
- Verein Berliner Künstler (artists association) founded.
- 1 July:
- 1842
- 1 August: Bernau bei Berlin station opened.
- 1 October: Stettiner Bahnhof opened.
- 23 October:
- Berlin–Wrocław railway opened.
- Frankfurter Bahnhof opened.
- Berlin-Friedrichshagen station opened.
- Berlin-Köpenick station opened.
- Johann Friedrich Ludwig Wöhlert opens locomotive factory at Chausseestrasse No. 29.
- Springer-Verlag (publisher) in business.[17]
- 1843
- 3 December: Population: 353,149.
- Royal Opera House rebuilt.[4]
- 1844
- Kroll Opera House opened.
- Berlin Zoological Garden opened.
- 1845
- 14 January: Physical Society of Berlin established.
- Stadtschloss completed.
- 1846
- 24 September: Discovery of Neptune planet at the Observatory.
- 15 October:
- Berlin–Hamburg Railway opened.
- Berlin-Stresow station opened.
- Hamburger Bahnhof opened.
- Nauen station opened.
- 3 December: Population: 408,502.
- 15 December: Berlin–Hamburg Railway completed.
- 1847
- April: Prussian parliament begins meeting in the Stadtschloss.[18]
- 1 October: Siemens founded.
- Stern Gesangverein founded.[10]
- Neue Berliner Musikzeitung begins publishing.
- 1848
- 18 March: "Barricade fights."[19] King Friedrich Wilhelm promises reforms.
- 22 May: Elected assembly held.
- 15 June: Political unrest.[8][19][2]
- 21 November: St. Marien am Behnitz consecrated.
- 5 December: Elected assembly dissolved and monarchist constitution imposed.
- Falkensee station opened.
- 1849
- 3 December: Population: 423,902.[20]
- Moabit Prison built.[21]
- Berliner Gummiwaarenfabrik founded.
- Wolffs Telegraphisches Bureau in business.
- 1850
- 31 January: Prussian House of Lords established.
- Berliner Musikschule (music school) founded.
- Friedrich-von-Raumer-Bibliothek founded.
- 1851
- 31 May: Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great inaugurated on Unter den Linden.[8]
- 15 October: Disconto-Gesellschaft founded.
- 19 November: Corps Vandalia-Teutonia founded.
- Schering AG founded.
- 1852
- 3 October: Eisengießerei und Maschinen-Fabrik von L. Schwartzkopff founded.
- 3 December: Population: 438,958.
- Luisenstadt Canal constructed.
- 1853
- 1 October: C. Bechstein Pianofortefabrik founded.
- F. W. Borchardt delicatessen founded.
- Katholischer Studentenverein Askania-Burgundia Berlin established.
- 1855
- 3 December: Population: 447,483.
- Advertising columns installed in city.[22]
- New Museum opens.[14]
- 1856 – J. F. Schwarzlose Söhne perfume maker founded.
- 1857 – Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift scientific journal founded.
- 1858 – Population: 458,637.[20]
- 1859
- 10 May: Alexander von Humboldt funeral.[23]
- Berlin-Spandau Ship Canal opened.
- Charlottenburg Canal opened.
- 1860 – Customs Wall removed.
- 1861
- Moabit and Wedding become part of Berlin.
- Tiergarten locality established.
- Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung begins publishing.
- 28 October: St. Michael's Church consecrated.
- 3 December: Population: 547,571.
- 1862 – Berthold Kempinski wine shop in business.[3]
- 1863
- Photographers Association founded.[24]
- Exchange built.[4]
- Ed. Westermayer piano manufacturer founded.
- Grieben-Verlag (publisher) in business.
- 1864
- Wallner Theater built.
- 3 December: Population: 632,749.
- 1865 – 22 June: First horse-drawn tram line set up.
- 1866
- 27 February: Lette-Verein (women's educational organization) founded.[25][26]
- 7 May: Ferdinand Cohen-Blind's assassination attempt against Otto von Bismarck.
- 5 September: New Synagogue consecrated.[11]
- 13 September: Berlin-Grünau station opened.
- Berlin–Görlitz railway opened.
- Westend (Berlin) locality established.
- 1867
- 29 September: Friedrichstadt-Palast built.
- 1 October: Berlin Old Ostbahnhof opened.
- 3 December: Population: 702,437.
- 1868
- 24 May: Berlin-Schöneweide station opened.
- 20 September: Berlin-Lichterfelde Ost station opened.
- City wall dismantled.[2]
- Berliner Pfandbriefinstitut bank established.
- Palais Strousberg built.
- Biesdorf Palace built.
- Kunstgewerbemuseum Berlin established.
- 1869
- 25 August: Kaulsdorf station opened.
- 3 October: Rotes Rathaus (city hall) opened.
- Royal School of Art in Berlin founded.
- St. Thomas inaugurated.
1870s–1890s
[edit]- 1870 – 10 March: Deutsche Bank established.
- 1871
- 18 January: Berlin becomes capital of the newly unified German Empire.[1]
- 17 July: Berlin Ringbahn (railway) begins operating.[2]
- 1 December: Population: 826,341.[11][2]
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing founded.
- 1872
- 1 January:
- Berlin-Gesundbrunnen station opened.
- Berlin-Neukölln station opened.
- Berlin-Tempelhof station opened.
- 1 May:
- Berlin Frankfurter Allee station opened.
- Berlin-Wedding station opened.
- 15 December: Berlin-Lichterfelde West station opened.
- German Society of Surgery founded.
- Ludwig Loewe & Co. in business.
- Berlin-Lichterfelde West station built.
- 1 January:
- 1873
- 2 September: Victory Column inaugurated on Königsplatz.[4]
- Ethnological Museum of Berlin opened.
- 1874
- 1 June:
- Wannsee Railway opened.
- Berlin-Schlachtensee station opened.
- Berlin-Wannsee station opened.
- 1 November: Berlin-Friedenau station opened.
- Fachschule für Dekomponieren, Komponieren und Musterzeichnen established.
- Twelve Apostels Church opened.
- 1 June:
- 1875
- 1 February: Berlin Treptow station opened.
- 1 May: Berlin Greifswalder Straße station opened.
- 17 June:
- Berlin Dresdner Bahnhof opened.
- Marienfelde station opened.
- Rangsdorf railway station opened.
- 15 October: Royal Prussian Military Railway opened.
- 1 December: Population: 966,858.
- Socialist Workers' Party of Germany headquartered in Berlin.
- Hotel Kaiserhof in business.
- Königliche Hochschule für Musik active.[10]
- 1876
- 1 January: Reichsbank established.
- 1 April: Orenstein & Koppel founded.
- 31 December: Population: 980,194.
- Imperial Health Agency established.
- National Gallery opens.[4]
- Spandau Prison built.
- 1877
- 1 June: Berlin-Blankenburg station opened.
- 10 July:
- Berlin-Hermsdorf station opened.
- Berlin-Schönholz station opened.
- Berlin-Wilhelmsruh station opened.
- Berlin-Wittenau station opened.
- Berlin Wollankstraße station opened.
- Berlin Old Nordbahnhof opened.
- 15 November:
- Berlin Ringbahn completed.
- Berlin-Halensee station opened.
- Berlin Hermannstraße station opened.
- Berlin-Westend station opened.
- Berlin Wuhlheide station opened.
- 31 December: Population: 1,008,566.
- Wasserturm Prenzlauer Berg water tower completed.
- 1878
- 13 July: City hosts Congress of Berlin.[11]
- Berlin Stadtbahn (city railway) begins operating.[2]
- 1879
- 1 April: Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin) formed.
- 15 May: Berlin-Rahnsdorf station opened.
- 26 June: Berlin-Buch station opened.
- 1 August:
- Berlin-Grunewald station opened.
- Berlin Schönhauser Allee station opened.
- 1 September: Rangierbahnhof station opened.
- Imperial Treasury headquartered in city.
- Crown Prince Bridge built.
- Plötzensee Prison established.
- 1880
- 15 June: New Berlin Anhalter Bahnhof opened.
- 15 August: Südende station opened.
- 9 September: Weißensee cemetery inaugurated.
- 15 October: Berlin-Pankow station opened.
- 1 December: Population: 1,122,330.[11][2]
- Berlin movement initiated.
- Matthew Church (Berlin-Steglitz) built.
- 1881
- 29 April: Electromote presented.
- 4 May: Berlin Storkower Straße station opened.
- 16 May: Gross-Lichterfelde Tramway in service, the world's first electric tram line.
- 15 October: Berlin Julius-Leber-Brücke station opened.
- Berlin administrative district separates from Province of Brandenburg.[2]
- Martin-Gropius-Bau built.
- Berlin-Lichtenberg station opened.
- Zentralfriedhof Friedrichsfelde cemetery built.
- Städtischer Friedhof III cemetery built.
- Industrial museum established.[11]
- 1882
- 7 February:
- Berlin Stadtbahn (railway) begins operating.[11]
- Berlin Alexanderplatz station opened.
- Berlin Bellevue station opened.
- Berlin-Charlottenburg station opened.
- Berlin Hackescher Markt station opened.
- Berlin Zoologischer Garten railway station opened.
- Berlin Jannowitzbrücke station opened.
- Berlin Friedrichstraße station opened
- Stralau-Rummelsburg station opened.
- 1 May: Berlin Philharmonic established.
- 15 November:
- Berlin-Karow station opened.
- Neu-Rahnsdorf station opened.
- Pestalozzi-Fröbel Haus founded.
- Berlin-Blankenheim railway opened.
- Kietz-Rummelsburg station opened.
- 7 February:
- 1883
- 1 June: Lichtenrade station opened.
- 15 December: Berlin Heidelberger Platz station opened.
- AEG founded.
- Berliner Lokal-Anzeiger founded.
- 1884
- Dankeskirche (church) built.[11]
- 20 May: Berlin-Waidmannslust station opened.
- 11 August: Berlin Warschauer Straße station opened.
- 7 September: Dahlewitz railway station opened.
- 15 November: City hosts West Africa Conference.
- 1885
- 5 January: Berlin-Tiergarten station opened.
- 26 February: West Africa Conference concluded.
- 1 August: Berlin-Biesdorf station opened.
- 19 November: St. George's Anglican Church inaugurated.
- 1 December: Population: 1,315,287.
- St. George's Anglican Church built.
- 1886 – Ethnological museum established.[11]
- 1887
- German Colonial Society headquartered in Berlin.
- Kaiser-Wilhelm-Brücke (Berlin) (bridge)[11] and Heiligekreuzkirche (church)[11] built.
- Society for Friends of Photography founded.[24]
- 1888
- 3 March: Urania founded.
- 15 April: BFC Germania 1888 founded.
- 11 September: Lessing Theater opened.
- 1889
- 6 June: BFC Viktoria 1889 founded.
- 14 June: Treaty of Berlin (1889) signed over Samoa.
- Museum of Natural History opens.
- Academic Alpine Club of Berlin formed.[27]
- 1890
- 5 February: Allianz founded.
- 20 May: Baumschulenweg station opened.
- 1 December: Population: 1,578,794.[2]
- May Day begins.[7]
- Wittenbergplatz laid out.
- 1891
- April: Moltke Bridge opened.
- 1 July: Robert Koch Institute founded.
- 1 October: Western Berlin Yorckstraße station opened.
- Oder–Spree Canal opened.
- Hotel Bristol in business.
- 1892
- 4 January: Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung begins publishing.
- 1 May:
- Berlin Bundesplatz station opened.
- Berlin Prenzlauer Allee station opened.
- 2 July: Berliner SV 1892 founded.
- 25 July: Hertha BSC founded.
- 24 September: Komische Oper Berlin opened.
- 20 December: Wriezen Railway opened.
- Neues Theater opens.
- Luther Bridge opened.
- 1893
- 26 February: Gethsemane Church inaugurated.
- 26 June: St. Sebastian opened.
- 1 August: Lichterfelde Süd station opened.
- 1 October:
- First section of the Kremmen Railway opened.
- Berlin Alt-Reinickendorf station opened.
- Berlin Karl-Bonhoeffer-Nervenklinik station opened.
- Berlin-Pankow-Heinersdorf station opened.
- Schulzendorf railway station opened.
- Berlin-Tegel railway station opened.
- Hennigsdorf station opened.
- 20 December: Second section of the Kremmen Railway opened.
- Department of Medical Microbiology (Schering AG) established.
- Mendelssohn Palace built.
- 1894
- 8 January: Adlershof station opened.
- 1 May:
- Berlin Beusselstraße station opened.
- Berlin Jungfernheide station opened.
- 1 October: Eichborndamm station opened.
- 5 December: Reichstag building completed.[11]
- Friedrichs Bridge completely rebuilt.
- Chapel of Reconciliation built.
- Ss. Constantine and Helena Church built.
- 1895
- 15 February: Attilastraße station opened.
- 1 May:
- Berlin-Karlshorst station opened.
- Berlin Landsberger Allee station opened.
- 1 September:
- Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church consecrated.
- Mahlsdorf railway station opened.
- 15 September: Spandau Synagogue dedicated.
- 1 December:
- Population: 1,677,304.
- Lankwitz station opened.
- 13 December: Premiere of Mahler's Symphony No. 2.
- 17 December: Berolina unveiled.
- Pan (magazine) begins publishing.
- 1896
- Oberbaum Bridge rebuilt.
- 1 May: Great Industrial Exposition of Berlin opened.
- 8 June: Baumschulenweg–Neukölln link line opened.
- 1 August: Berlin Savignyplatz station opened.
- September: Treptow Observatory opened.
- 17 September: Weidendammer Bridge rebuilt.
- 15 October: Great Industrial Exposition of Berlin closed.
- Messter Film in business.[28]
- 1897
- 22 March: National Kaiser Wilhelm Monument unveiled.
- 1 May: Heiligensee station opened.
- 30 September: International Automobile Exhibition begins.[29]
- Rot-Weiss Tennis Club founded.
- 1898
- 1 May:
- Ahrensfelde station opened.
- Berlin-Marzahn station opened.
- 31 August: Population: 1,820,000.
- 1 October: Berlin Westhafen station opened.
- 15 October: Wriezen Railway completed.
- Jewel Palace (Berlin) built.
- Einkaufsgenossenschaft der Kolonialwarenhändler im Halleschen Torbezirk zu Berlin established.
- Berlin Secession (art group) founded.
- Café des Westens in business.
- 1 May:
- 1899
- 18 March: Die Woche begins publishing.
- 30 April: Kopenhagener Straße opened.
- 2 December: Tripartite Convention signed, dividing Samoa into German and American spheres of influence.
- Deutsches Kolonialmuseum (museum) opens.
20th century
[edit]1900s–1945
[edit]- 1900
- 15 August: Berlin-Staaken station opened.
- 1 December: Population: 1,888,848.
- Berlin Automobile Association founded.[30]
- Viktoria-Luise-Platz laid out.
- 1901
- Population: 1,901,567.[1]
- 18 January: Überbrettl cabaret opened.
- 1 October: Teltow railway station opened.
- 1 December:
- Anhalt Suburban Line opened.
- Berlin Papestraße station opened.
- Neuer Marstall built.
- Catholic Apostolic Church (Kreuzberg) opened.
- 1902
- 15 February:
- Berlin U-Bahn begins operating.
- Kottbusser Tor (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Möckernbrücke (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 18 February:
- Görlitzer Bahnhof (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Hallesches Tor (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened (U1 line).
- Berlin Potsdamer Platz station station opened.
- Berlin Potsdamer Platz station station opened.
- Schlesisches Tor (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 11 March:
- Bülowstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Nollendorfplatz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Berlin Zoologischer Garten U-Bahn station opened.
- Wittenbergplatz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 1 May: Berlin-Nikolassee station opened.
- 22 July: Capernaum Church completed.
- 17 August: Warschauer Straße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 14 December:
- Ernst-Reuter-Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 15 February:
- 1903
- 1 May: Western Berlin Yorckstraße station opened.
- 27 May: Telefunken founded.
- 1 October: Berlin-Friedrichsfelde Ost station opened.
- German Colonial House built.
- Original American Church in Berlin built.
- 1904
- 4 September: Rykestrasse Synagogue inaugurated.
- 1 November: Zehlendorf-Beerenstraße station opened.
- Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum opens.[31]
- Tietz department store in business on Alexanderplatz.
- 1905
- 27 February: Berlin Cathedral consecrated after rebuilding.
- 20 May: Charlottenburg Town Hall opened.
- 1 June: Siemensstadt-Fürstenbrunn station opened.
- 20 December: Tabor Church consecrated.
- Neues Schauspielhaus built.
- Population: 2,040,148.[1]
- 1906
- 14 May:
- Deutsche Oper (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Richard-Wagner-Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 2 June: Teltow Canal opened.
- 23 September: Hackesche Höfe courtyard opened.
- 8 November: Museum of East Asian Art founded.
- Britz Canal opened.
- Griebnitz Canal opened.
- Virchow Hospital opens in Moabit.[2]
- 14 May:
- 1907
- 1 January: Schiller Theater opened.
- 17 February: Reformation Church consecrated.
- 27 March: Kaufhaus des Westens established.
- 16 November: Glienicke Bridge inaugurated.
- Hotel Fürstenhof built.
- Märkisches Museum built in Köllnischer Park.
- 1908
- 29 March:
- Kaiserdamm (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Sophie-Charlotte-Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Theodor-Heuss-Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 2 April: Hotel Excelsior opened.
- 1 October:
- Hausvogteiplatz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Kaiserhof U-Bahn station opened.
- Spittelmarkt (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Stadtmitte (Berlin U-Bahn) U2 platform opened.
- Reichskanzlerplatz laid out.
- Charlottenburg Gate opened.
- Hotel Esplanade Berlin opened.
- Friedrichstraßenpassage shopping arcade built.
- Shot Ball Tower (Berlin) built.
- 29 March:
- 1909
- 1 May: Berlin Botanischer Garten station opened.
- 23 May: Rennbahn station opened.
- 26 September: Johannisthal Air Field opened.
- 1 November: Berlin Heerstraße station opened.
- AEG turbine factory built.
- Expressionist Der Neue Club founded.
- 1910
- April: Liebermann Villa completed.
- 1 May: Berlin-Frohnau station opened.
- 24 May: Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum opened.
- 15 July: Berlin-Spandau station opened.
- 7 August: Last horse-drawn tram line closed.
- 17 November: Hohenzollern-Sport-Palast opened.
- 1 November: Berlin Hohenzollerndamm station opened.
- 1 December:
- Population: 2,071,257.
- Bayerischer Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Berlin Innsbrucker Platz station station opened.
- Rathaus Schöneberg (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Viktoria-Luise-Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Berlin Hohenzollerndamm station built.
- Rathaus Schöneberg (Berlin U-Bahn) opened.
- Der Sturm magazine begins publication.
- 1911
- 9 April: Tabor Church (Berlin-Wilhelmshagen) consecrated.
- 5 September: Berlin-Pichelsberg railway station opened.
- 1 October: Berlin Sonnenallee station opened.
- 29 October: Altes Stadthaus inaugurated.
- 31 December: Population: 2,084,045.
- Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Sciences founded.
- Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry founded.
- Hotel Esplanade built.[32]
- Haus Cumberland built.
- Spandau Suburban Line opened.
- Die Aktion magazine begins publication.
- 1912
- February: Haus Potsdam built.
- 26 August: Fasanenstrasse Synagogue opened.
- 22 September: Mater Dolorosa church consecrated.
- 3 November: Gleisdreieck (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 7 November: Deutsche Oper Berlin opened.
- 31 December: Population: 2,095,030.
- 1913 [33]
- 8 June:
- Deutsches Stadion (Berlin) opened.
- Stadion U-Bahn station opened.
- 15 June: Märchenbrunnen opened.
- 1 July:
- Berlin Alexanderplatz station U-Bahn line U2 opened.
- Klosterstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Märkisches Museum (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 27 July:
- Eberswalder Straße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Schönhauser Tor U-Bahn station opened.
- Berlin Schönhauser Allee station station opened.
- Senefelderplatz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 12 October:
- Breitenbachplatz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Dahlem-Dorf (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Fehrbelliner Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Berlin Heidelberger Platz U-Bahn station opened.
- Hohenzollernplatz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Podbielskiallee (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Rüdesheimer Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Freie Universität (Thielplatz) (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Thielpalatz U-Bahn station opened.
- 17 October: Johannisthal air disaster.
- 31 December: Population: 2,079,156.
- Cines-Palast (cinema) opened.
- Neukölln Ship Canal opened.
- Schillerpark opened.
- 8 June:
- 1914
- 25 March: Rathaus Schöneberg opened.
- 31 December: Population: 1,945,684.
- Volksbühne (theatre) and Bendlerblock built.
- Pacifist Bund Neues Vaterland headquartered in city.
- 1915 – 31 December: Population: 1,835,094.
- 1916
- 1 April: Witzleben station opened.
- 19 November: Deulig Film company established.
- 1 December: Population: 1,771,491.
- Schleusen Bridge rebuilt.
- Eiserne Bridge rebuilt.
- Körnerpark opened.
- 1917
- 22 November: Standardisation Committee of German Industry founded.
- 5 December: Population: 1,744,085.
- 13 December: Deutsche Luft-Reederei founded.
- 18 December: UFA GmbH established.
- Rathaus Friedenau built.
- 1918
- 9 November:
- Proclamation of the Republic by Philipp Scheidemann from the Reichstag building.
- Die Rote Fahne newspaper begins publication.
- 23 December: The Volksmarinedivision occupies the Reich Chancellery.
- 24 December: Christmas crisis.
- 31 December: Population: 1,748,000.
- 9 November:
- 1919
- 1 January: Communist Party of Germany founded.
- 5–12 January: Spartacist uprising.
- 15 January: Socialists Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht killed by Freikorps.
- February: Dadaist Jedermann sein eigner Fussball published.
- 3–16 March: Berlin March Battles: Socialist uprising crushed by the government, 1,200 killed.
- 10 March: Marxist revolutionary Leo Jogiches killed by right-wing paramilitaries.
- May: Premiere of LGBT-themed film Anders als die Andern.[28]
- 22 June: Prizyv begins publishing.
- 6 July: Institut für Sexualwissenschaft opened.
- 8 October: Population: 1,902,508.[34]
- 7 November: SPD politician Hugo Haase killed by Johann Voss.
- 31 December: Population: 1,928,432.
- City becomes capital of the Weimar Republic.[citation needed]
- Deutsche Luft-Reederei airline begins operating its Weimar-Berlin route.[28]
- 1920
- February: Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute established.
- 13–17 March: Kapp Putsch.
- June: First International Dada Fair held.[35]
- 20 June: SC Berliner Amateure founded.
- 7 August: Stadion An der Alten Försterei opened.
- 16 August: Köllnische Heide station opened.
- 1 October: City area expands per Greater Berlin Act, incorporating Charlottenburg, Köpenick, Lichtenberg, Neukölln, Schöneberg, Spandau, and Wilmersdorf.
- October: Deutsche Hochschule für Politik founded.
- 31 December: Population: 3,879,409.
- Lokomotiv-Versuchsamt Grunewald facility established.
- Akaflieg Berlin founded.
- 1921
- 15 March: Assassination of Talat Pasha by Soghomon Tehlirian.
- 25 August: U.S.–German Peace Treaty (1921) signed.
- 24 September: AVUS established.
- 31 December: Population: 3,914,151.
- Archenhold School built.
- 1922
- 28 March: Assassination of Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov by Russian monarchists.
- 17 April: Cemal Azmi assassinated by Armenian revolutionaries.
- 27 April: Release of the first part of Dr. Mabuse the Gambler by Fritz Lang, filmed and set in Berlin.
- 22 May: Neu-Westend (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 24 June: Foreign Minister Walther Rathenau assassinated.
- December: International of Revolutionary Syndicalists founded in Berlin.[36]
- 31 December: Population: 3,953,920.
- 1923
- 30 January:
- Französische Straße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Berlin Friedrichstraße U-Bahn station opened.
- Hallesches Tor U6 line opened.
- Kochstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Oranienburger Tor (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Naturkundemuseum (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Stadtmitte (Berlin U-Bahn) U6 platform opened.
- 8 March:
- Leopoldplatz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Reinickendorfer Straße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Schwartzkopffstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Seestraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Berlin-Wedding U-Bahn station opened.
- 25 August: Last horsebus run in Berlin.
- 8 October: Tempelhof Airport established.
- 31 December: Population: 3,918,985.
- 30 January:
- 1924
- 9 February: Stadion am Gesundbrunnen opened.
- 19 April:
- Mehringdamm (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Gneisenaustraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 31 May: Bank of Workers, Employees, and Civil Servants established.
- 7 July: Stadt und Land founded.
- 14 December: Südstern (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,986,458.
- Traffic light installed in Potsdamer Platz.[7]
- Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin (radio exhibit) begins.
- Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra active.[37]
- 1925
- 1 February: Deutsche Werke formed.
- 26 April: Ahmadiyya Mosque Berlin inaugurated.
- 16 June: Population: 4,024,286.
- 31 December: Population: 4,082,778.
- Hufeisensiedlung housing estate construction begins.
- 1926
- 6 January: Deutsche Luft Hansa founded.
- 14 February: Kreuzberg U-Bahn station opened.
- 11 April:
- Hermannplatz (Berlin U-Bahn) U7 platform opened.
- Bergstrasse U-Bahn station opened.
- Rathaus Neukölln (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 24 April: Treaty of Berlin (1926) signed with the Soviet Union.
- 3 September: Funkturm Berlin (radio tower) erected.
- 24 October:
- Kurfürstenstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Nollendorfplatz U-Bahn station platforms added.
- 31 December: Population: 4,125,824.
- Das Buddhistische Haus built.
- 1927
- 10 January: Premiere of film Metropolis.
- 1 May: Adolf Hitler gives his first speech in Berlin, at the Clou Concert Hall.
- 4 July: Der Angriff begins publishing.
- 17 July:
- U8 (Berlin U-Bahn) line opened.
- Boddinstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Hermannplatz (Berlin U-Bahn) U8 platform opened.
- Schönleinstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 10 September: Paradestraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 17 November: Betriebshaltepunkt Nieder-Schöneweide station opened.
- 31 December: Population: 4,195,725.
- Tempelhof Airport terminal built.
- Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics founded.
- 1928
- 12 February: Kottbusser Tor U-Bahn station U8 platform opened.
- 6 April:
- Neanderstraße U-Bahn station opened.
- Moritzplatz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 23 August: Berlin Eichkamp station opened.
- 31 August: Premiere of Brecht's The Threepenny Opera.[38]
- 1 October: Founding of NSDAP Gau Berlin.
- 7 October: Priesterweg station opened.
- 10 December: Berlin Westkreuz station opened.
- 31 December: Population: 4,272,375.
- First TV broadcast in Berlin.
- Titania Palast (theatre) opens.[39]
- 1929
- 11 April: Kino Babylon opened.
- 1–3 May: Blutmai unrest. 32 killed, 1,228 arrested and 11,000 rounds of ammunition fired by the police.
- 28 May: Poststadion opened.
- 4 August: Leinestraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 22 December:
- Krumme Lanke (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Onkel Toms Hütte (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Oskar-Helene-Heim (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Ruhleben (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Berlin-Tempelhof U-Bahn station opened.
- 25 December: Lichtburg cinema opens.
- 31 December: Population: 4,328,760.
- Charlotten Bridge rebuilt.
- Spandauer Kirchenmusikschule established.
- 1930
- 18 April:
- Berlin Alexanderplatz station U-Bahn line U8 opened.
- Bernauer Straße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Berlin-Gesundbrunnen U-Bahn station opened.
- Berlin Jannowitzbrücke U-Bahn station opened.
- Rosenthaler Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Voltastraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Weinmeisterstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 29 June: Vinetastraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 13 August: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin established.[40]
- 17 August: Mommsenstadion opened.
- 30 September: Berlin rocket launching site opened.
- 21 December:
- Berlin Alexanderplatz station U-Bahn line U8 opened.
- Frankfurter Allee (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Frankfurter Tor (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Friedrichsfelde (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Grenzallee (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Neukölln (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Magdalenenstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Berlin-Lichtenberg station U-Bahn station opened.
- Samariterstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Schillingstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Strausberger Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Weberwiese (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 31 December: Population: 4,332,834.
- Pergamon Museum built.
- 18 April:
- 1931
- 22 January: Haus des Rundfunks inaugurated.
- 9 August: Murder of Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck.
- 31 December: Population: 4,314,466.
- Großsiedlung Siemensstadt housing built.
- 1932
- 24 January: Hitler Youth member Herbert Norkus killed by Communists.
- 14–20 March: Ice Hockey European Championship 1932.
- 3–7 November: 1932 Berlin transport strike.
- 31 December: Population: 4,273,701.
- Columbushaus built on Potsdamer Platz.
- 1933
- Nazi headquarters relocated to Berlin from Munich.
- 30 January: Hitler named Chancellor.
- 27 February: Reichstag fire.
- 19 March: Kirche am Hohenzollernplatz inaugurated.
- April: Research Office of the Reich Air Ministry established.
- 26 April: Nazi Gestapo (secret police) headquartered in Berlin, on Prinz-Albrecht-Straße.
- 6 May: Institut für Sexualwissenschaft destroyed by the German Student Union.
- 10 May: Nazi book burnings in Opernplatz.
- 6 June: Afghan ambassador to Germany, Prince Shirdar Mohammed Aziz Khan, assassinated by an Afghan student.
- 16 June: Population: 4,242,501.
- 21–26 June: Köpenick's week of bloodshed.
- 1 July: Berlin Innsbrucker Platz station opened.
- July: Columbia concentration camp established.
- 19 September: Ufa-Palast am Zoo premiere of the Hitlerjunge Quex, the first major Nazi propaganda film.
- 22 September: Reich Chamber of Culture established.
- 31 December: Population: 4,221,024.
- City becomes capital of the Greater German Reich.
- Hufeisensiedlung housing built.[41]
- Strength Through Joy national leisure programme headquartered in Berlin.
- 1934
- 30 June – 2 July: Night of the Long Knives.
- 1 July: Berlin Sundgauer Straße station opened.
- 27 September: Ferdowsi millennial celebration in Berlin.
- 31 December: Population: 4,218,332.
- City becomes seat of the Greater Berlin and Mark Brandenburg Gaue (Nazi administrative divisions).
- 1935
- 31 January: Berlin Humboldthain station opened.
- 22 March: First TV broadcasting service in the world in operation.
- 28 March: Premiere of the film Triumph of the Will.
- 1 October: Berlin Bornholmer Straße station opened.
- 29 November: Deutschlandhalle inaugurated.
- 31 December: Population: 4,226,584.
- Olympiapark Schwimmstadion Berlin built.
- Nazi SS-Hauptamt headquartered in Berlin, on Prinz-Albrecht-Straße.
- 1936
- January: Gosen Canal opened.
- 1 April: Luftkriegsschule 2 Berlin-Gatow staff and technical college opened.
- 28 May:
- Berlin Nord-Süd Tunnel opened.
- Berlin Oranienburger Straße station opened.
- July: Sachsenhausen concentration camp established near the city.
- 16 July: Berlin-Marzahn concentration camp established.
- 27 July: Berlin Brandenburger Tor station opened.
- 1 August: Olympic Stadium opened.
- 1–16 August: 1936 Summer Olympics held.[42][43]
- 2 August: Waldbühne amphitheater opened.
- August: Air Ministry Building completed.
- 31 December: Population: 4,267,560.
- Bundesautobahn 9 from Berlin to Munich opened.
- Vorbunker built.
- 1937
- 5 January: Julius Lippert becomes mayor.
- 30 January: Albert Speer becomes Generalbauinspektor for the Reich capital.
- 28 May: Volkswagen auto company founded.
- 31 December: Population: 4,314,432.
- 700th anniversary of the city celebrated.
- Messe Berlin built.
- 1938
- 20 April: Olympia (1938 film) released.
- 29 April: DEST founded.
- 9–10 November: Kristallnacht; Fasanenstrasse Synagogue and Spandau Synagogue burned.
- 31 December: Population: 4,347,875.
- Schwimmhalle Finckensteinallee opened.
- Helicopter flight demonstrated.[28]
- Elektro-Mess-Technik founded.
- 1939
- 10 January: New Reich Chancellery completed.
- 15 April: Berlin Potsdamer Platz station opened.
- 20 April: Adolf Hitler's 50th birthday.
- 17 May: Population: 4,338,756.
- 1 September: German declaration of war against Poland.
- 31 December: Population: 4,330,640.
- 1940
- 1 January: Altglienicke station opened.
- July: Ludwig Steeg becomes mayor.
- 25 August: Bombing of Berlin in World War II begins.
- 31 December: Population: 4,330,810.
- Reichsbank extension (Haus am Werderschen Markt) built.
- Telefunkenwerk Zehlendorf built.
- 1941
- 14 October: Deportation of Jews to the east ordered by Kurt Daluege.
- 11 December: German declaration of war against the United States.
- 31 December: Population: 4,383,882.
- Tempelhof Airport terminal built.[44]
- Zoo Tower built.
- 1942
- 20 January: Wannsee Conference.
- 31 December: Population: 4,478,102.
- Schwerbelastungskörper built.
- 1943
- 24 February: Polish resistance organization Zagra-Lin detonated a bomb at a railway station.[45]
- 28 January: Mass deportation of Jews to Auschwitz concentration camp ordered.
- February–March: Rosenstrasse protest.
- 18 February: Proclamation of Total War in the Sportpalast speech by Joseph Goebbels.
- 1 April: Berlin Albrechtshof station opened.
- 10 April: Polish resistance organization Zagra-Lin detonated a bomb at a railway station.[45]
- 18 November: Battle of Berlin (RAF campaign) begins.
- 31 December: Population: 4,430,204.
- Bunker (Berlin) air raid shelter built.
- 1944
- 31 March: RAF bombing campaign ends.
- 21 July: Execution of 20 July plot conspirators.[46]
- 23 October: Führerbunker completed.
- 31 December: Population: 4,361,398.
- 1945
- 16 April: Battle of Berlin begins.[47]
- 20 April: Operation Clausewitz begins.
- 22 April: Panzerbär begins publishing.
- 23 April: Battle in Berlin begins.
- 24 April: Red Army encirclement of Berlin complete.
- 30 April: Death of Adolf Hitler in the Führerbunker.
- 1 May: Suicides of Joseph and Magda Goebbels.
- 2 May:
- Red Army capture of the Reichstag building.
- Battle of Berlin ends.[43]
- Nikolai Berzarin becomes commander of the Soviet sector of city.
- 8 May: Ceremonial German Instrument of Surrender signed in Karlshorst.
- 21 May: Berliner Zeitung begins publishing.
- Spring–summer: Mass rape of 200,000 German women by the Red Army.
- 5 June: Berlin Declaration (1945).
- 13 June: Deutsche Volkszeitung begins publishing.
- 4 July: Floyd L. Parks becomes commander of the U.S. sector of city.
- 5 July: Lewis Lyne becomes commander of the British sector of city.
- 7 July: Das Volk begins publishing.
- 11 July: Geoffroi du Bois de Beauchesne becomes commander of the French sector of city.
- 17 July-2 August: Potsdam Conference held.[46]
- 21 July: Victory Parade.
- 12 August: Population: 2,807,405.
- 30 August: Allied Control Council constituted.
- 12 December: Berlin Air Safety Centre established.
- 31 December: Population: 3,064,629.
1946–1989
[edit]- 1946
- 15 May: Buckower Chaussee station opened.
- October: City election held.[48]
- 29 October: Population: 3,170,832.
- 31 December: Population: 3,213,966.
- Berlin Schönefeld Airport opened.
- 1947
- 8 February: Karlslust dance hall fire.
- Ernst Reuter becomes mayor.
- 31 December: Population: 3,271,179.
- 1948
- 5 April: 1948 Gatow air disaster.
- 24 June: Soviet blockade begins.[49]
- 26 June: Allied airlift of supplies begins.[50]
- 4 December: Free University of Berlin established.
- 31 December: Population: 3,312,307.
- Berlin Tegel Airport opened.
- Kampfgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit formed.
- Handelsorganisation grocery opens in East Berlin.[3]
- 1949
- 12 May: Berlin Blockade ends.[49]
- November: Berliner Ensemble founded.
- 8 December: Supreme Court of East Germany set up.
- 31 December: Population: 3,328,193.
- City divided into East Berlin and West Berlin.[51]
- East Berlin becomes capital of the German Democratic Republic.[51]
- Currywurst introduced on Kantstraße.[3]
- 1950
- 18 January: Marienfelde refugee transit camp opened.
- 29 April: Liebknecht Bridge opened.
- 20 May: Walter-Ulbricht-Stadion opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,336,026.
- Werner-Seelenbinder-Halle opened.
- Academy of Arts established in East Berlin.
- Freedom Bell installed in city hall of West Berlin.
- 1951
- 11 January: Landtag (parliament) of West Berlin established.
- 6–17 June: Berlin International Film Festival begins in West Berlin.
- 27 July: Ernst Thälmann Pioneer Park opened.
- 3 August: Stalin Statue (Berlin) dedicated.
- 31 December: Population: 3,351,865.
- East Berlin hosts 3rd World Festival of Youth and Students.
- Berliner Festspiele established in West Berlin.
- 1952
- Deutsche Waggon und Maschinenfabrik in business.
- 1 May: Hochhaus an der Weberwiese completed.
- 20 February: Knaack club opened.
- 1 October: Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,374,178.
- 1953
- 1954
- 25 January – 18 February: Berlin Conference (1954) held.
- 10 September: Amerika-Gedenkbibliothek opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,350,957.
- Academy of Arts established in West Berlin.
- SC Dynamo Berlin founded.
- 1955
- 2 July: Tierpark Berlin opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,343,182.
- Radrennbahn Weissensee cycling track opened.
- 1956
- 3 May:
- Afrikanische Straße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Kurt-Schumacher-Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Rehberge (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 3 June: Plänterwald railway station opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,345,650.
- Westhafen Canal opened.
- Rotes Rathaus reconstructed; becomes city hall of East Berlin.
- 3 May:
- 1957
- 31 December: Population: 3,338,561.
- International Building Exposition held.
- Haus der Kulturen der Welt built in West Berlin.
- 1958
- 31 May:
- Alt-Tegel (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Borsigwerke (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Holzhauser Straße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Otisstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Scharnweberstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,316,353.
- Bundesautobahn 100 opened.
- 31 May:
- 1959
- 2 June: Spichernstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,290,333.
- Institute for European Politics founded in West Berlin.[52]
- Jüdisches Gemeindehaus Fasanenstraße (Jewish centre) inaugurated in West Berlin.
- 1960
- 31 December: Population: 3,274,016.
- Gropiusstadt developed.
- 1961
- 28 January: Birkenstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 8 May: Augsburger Straße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 4 June: Berlin Crisis of 1961 begins.
- 13–15 August: Berlin Wall construction begins between East Berlin and West Berlin.[42][43]
- 19–20 August: U.S. vice president Lyndon B. Johnson visits West Berlin[53]
- 28 August:
- Amrumer Straße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Hansaplatz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Kurfürstendamm (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Leopoldplatz U9 platform opened.
- Spichernstraße U9 platform opened.
- Turmstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Berlin Westhafen station station opened.
- Berlin Zoologischer Garten U9 platform opened.
- 27–28 October: U.S.–Soviet confrontation at Checkpoint Charlie.
- 31 December: Population: 3,252,691.
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development established.
- Ampelmännchen pedestrian signal introduced in East Berlin.
- 1962
- 27 May: Grünbergallee station opened.
- 17 August: Killing of Peter Fechter at the Berlin Wall by East German border guards.
- 31 December: Population: 3,235,231.
- 1963
- 5 May: Maria Regina Martyrum consecrated.
- 26 June: U.S. president Kennedy gives Ich bin ein Berliner speech in West Berlin.[54]
- 28 September:
- Blaschkoallee (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Parchimer Allee (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 29 September: Britz-Süd (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 15 October: Berliner Philharmonie opened.
- 15 November: Kino International opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,251,489.
- Berliner Philharmonie (concert hall) built in West Berlin.
- Berliner Singakademie founded in East Berlin.[citation needed]
- Hotel Berolina opened.
- Wellblechpalast opened.
- Biotronik founded.
- 1964
- 18 July: Fernmeldeturm Berlin in service.
- 31 December: Population: 3,270,959.
- Old Palace rebuilt.
- Prinzessinnenpalais rebuilt.
- JazzFest Berlin begins in West Berlin.
- 1965
- 2 April: Europa-Center inaugurated.
- 31 December: Population: 3,274,500.
- 1966
- 28 February:
- Alt-Mariendorf (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Alt-Tempelhof (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Kaiserin-Augusta-Straße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Möckernbrücke U7 platform opened.
- Ullsteinstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Westphalweg (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- May: Zentraler Omnibusbahnhof Berlin opened.
- 17 September: Deutsche Film- und Fernsehakademie Berlin founded.
- 31 December: Population: 3,265,398.
- Prussian Heritage Image Archive established.
- 28 February:
- 1967
- 2 June: Death of Benno Ohnesorg.
- 15 September: Brücke Museum opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,245,325.
- Strausberger Platz built.
- Sister city relationship established with Los Angeles, USA.[55]
- 1968
- 11 April: Josef Bachmann's assassination attempt against Rudi Dutschke.
- 31 December: Population: 3,225,354.
- New National Gallery opens in West Berlin.
- 1969
- 30 September: World Clock (Alexanderplatz) opened.
- 3 October: Fernsehturm Berlin (TV tower) erected in East Berlin.
- 31 December: Population: 3,218,112.
- Neuer Berliner Kunstverein founded.[56]
- Kulturpark Plänterwald opened.
- 1970
- 2 January:
- Johannisthaler Chaussee (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Lipschitzallee (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Wutzkyallee (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Zwickauer Damm (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 7 October: Hotel Stadt Berlin built in East Berlin.
- 31 December: Population: 3,208,719.
- Protestant Church of Plötzensee inaugurated.
- 2 January:
- 1971
- 29 January:
- Bayerischer Platz U7 platform opened.
- Berliner Straße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Blissestraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Berlin Bundesplatz U-Bahn station opened
- Eisenacher Straße station opened
- Fehrbelliner Platz U7 platform opened.
- Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Güntzelstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Kleistpark (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Walther-Schreiber-Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Berlin Yorckstraße U7 platform opened.
- 4 December: Georg von Rauch shot and killed during arrest by West Berlin police.
- 31 December: Population: 3,172,902.
- 2 June Movement anarchist group active in West Berlin.
- 29 January:
- 1972
- 15 May: Memorial to Polish Soldiers and German Anti-Fascists dedicated.
- 3 June: Four Power Agreement on Berlin in force.
- 1 July: Rudow (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 21 December: Basic Treaty, 1972 signed.
- 31 December: Population: 3,152,489.
- Kunstbibliothek Berlin opened.
- 1973
- 25 June: Tierpark (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,136,776.
- Großgaststätte Ahornblatt (restaurant) built in East Berlin.
- 1974
- 30 September:
- Berlin Rathaus Steglitz U-Bahn station opened.
- Schloßstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 13 October: Berlin Marathon begins in West Berlin.
- 31 December: Population: 3,118,134.
- 30 September:
- 1975
- 31 December: Population: 3,083,011.
- Berlinische Galerie opened.
- Hochschule der Künste Berlin (art school) formed.
- Peter Lorenz becomes president of the Landtag of West Berlin.
- 1976
- 23 April: Palace of the Republic inaugurated.
- 30 April:
- Nauener Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Osloer Straße (Berlin U-Bahn) U9 station opened.
- 13 October: Bierpinsel opened.
- 30 December: Berlin Springpfuhl station opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,056,973.
- 1977
- 5 October:
- Osloer Straße U8 platform opened.
- Pankstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,044,968.
- 5 October:
- 1978
- 28 April:
- Adenauerplatz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Bismarckstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Konstanzer Straße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Wilmersdorfer Straße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- July: Air Berlin established.
- 31 December: Population: 3,038,689.
- Berlin Motor Show begins in West Berlin.
- Berlin State Library building opens on Haus Potsdamer Straße in West Berlin.
- 28 April:
- 1979
- 5 March: BESSY founded.
- 2 April: Internationales Congress Centrum Berlin opened.[57]
- 31 December: Population: 3,042,504.
- Teufel Audio company founded.
- 1980
- 1 May: Tempodrom opened.
- 1 October:
- Halemweg (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Jakob-Kaiser-Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Berlin Jungfernheide U7 station opened.
- Mierendorffplatz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Rohrdamm (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Siemensdamm (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Islamische Föderation Berlin founded.[58]
- Memorial to the German Resistance erected.
- 15 December:
- Mehrower Allee station opened.
- Raoul-Wallenberg-Straße station opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,048,759.
- 1981
- 20 November: Western entrance to Teltow Canal reopened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,050,974.
- AG Märkische Kleinbahn established.
- 1982
- 15 January: 1982 Berlin restaurant bombing.
- 31 December: Population: 3,042,612.
- 1983
- 12 August: Weltkugelbrunnen opened.
- 25 August: Bombing of French consulate in West Berlin.
- 26 September: IAV founded.
- 31 December: Population: 3,040,035.
- German Museum of Technology opened.
- Berliner Rock- und Pop-Archiv founded.
- 1984
- 9 February: Eberhard Diepgen becomes mayor of West Berlin.
- 1 October:
- Altstadt Spandau (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Haselhorst (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Paulsternstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Rathaus Spandau (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Zitadelle (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 20 December: Berlin-Hohenschönhausen station opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,045,456.
- 1985
- 31 December: Population: 3,075,670.
- West Berlin hosts Bundesgartenschau (garden show).[59]
- ESCP Europe school moves to Berlin.
- 1986
- 1 January: Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin opened.
- 5 April: West Berlin discotheque bombing.
- 31 December: Population: 3,115,473.
- 1987
- 750th anniversary of founding of Berlin celebrated.
- Topography of Terror exhibit opens.[60]
- 27 April:
- Franz-Neumann-Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Paracelsus-Bad (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Residenzstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 1 May: May Day in Kreuzberg begins.
- 12 June: U.S. president Reagan gives Tear down this wall! speech in West Berlin.[43]
- 31 December: Population: 3,273,630.
- 1988
- 31 March – 2 April: Four Nations Tournament (1988).
- 1 July:
- Biesdorf-Süd (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Elsterwerdaer Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,352,848.
- West Berlin designated a European Capital of Culture.
- 1988 IMF/World Bank protests.
- Metropol Verlag founded.
- 1989
- Population: 1,279,212 in East Berlin.
- 1 July:
- Cottbusser Platz (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Hellersdorf (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Hönow (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Kaulsdorf-Nord (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Louis-Lewin-Straße (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Kienberg (Gärten der Welt) (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Berlin Wuhletal station opened.
- 7 October: Demonstrations in East Berlin.
- 4 November: Alexanderplatz demonstration in East Berlin.
- 9 November: Berlin Wall opened between East Berlin and West Berlin.[43][61]
- 31 December: Population: 3,409,737.
1990s
[edit]- 1990
- 19 March: Deutsche Kreditbank direct bank founded.
- 13 June: Demolition of the Berlin wall begins.
- 1 August: Most roads between West and East Berlin rebuilt and reopened.
- 28 September: East Side Gallery opened.
- 3 October: German reunification; unified Berlin designated capital of the Federal Republic of Germany.
- 7 November: Stasi Museum opened.
- 1 December: Schichauweg railway station opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,433,695.
- Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records and German Academy for Urban and Regional Spatial Planning headquartered in Berlin.
- Kunsthaus Tacheles established.
- 1991
- 20 June: Decision on the Capital of Germany.
- 4 July: Alba Berlin founded.
- 31 December: Population: 3,446,031.
- 1992
- 1 January: Weierstrass Institute established.
- 17 September: Mykonos restaurant assassinations.
- 31 December: Population: 3,456,891.
- A-Trane club opened.
- 1993
- 1 October: West and East Berlin Academy of Arts merged.
- 31 December: Population: 3,461,421.
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology established.
- Berlin Cathedral renovated.
- Transparency International headquartered in city.
- Magix founded.
- Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin established.
- 1994
- March: Max Planck Institute for the History of Science established.
- 26 April: Berlin-Bonn Act.
- 9 September: Russian and Allied forces depart.[42]
- 24 September:
- Berlin Karl-Bonhoeffer-Nervenklinik U-Bahn station opened.
- Lindauer Allee (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Rathaus Reinickendorf (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Berlin-Wittenau U-Bahn station opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,452,284.
- Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial opened.
- Berlin British School founded.
- 1995
- 17 January: Die Pyramide completed.
- 10 May: German-Russian Museum opens.
- June: Artist Christo wraps the Reichstag.
- 31 December: Population: 3,446,039.
- Berlin Central and Regional Library opened.
- 1996
- 13 July: Berlin Hermannstraße U-Bahn station opened.
- 13 December: Max-Schmeling-Halle opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,428,644.
- Crown Prince Bridge rebuilt.
- City website online (approximate date).[62]
- Berggruen Museum and Café Einstein Unter den Linden open.
- 1997
- 5 September: Velodrom arena opened.
- December: Propeller Island City Lodge founded.
- 31 December: Population: 3,387,901.
- Computer Games Museum founded.
- 1998
- 20 May: Treptowers opened.
- 12 June: Gemäldegalerie opened.
- 25 September: Osdorfer Straße station opened.
- 2 October: Mendelssohn-Bartholdy-Park (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,358,235.
- Allied Museum opened.
- 1999
- 17 February: 1999 Israeli consulate attack in Berlin.
- 19 April: German Bundestag (legislature) relocated to Berlin from Bonn per Berlin-Bonn Act.
- 31 December: Population: 3,340,887.
- Molecule Man (sculpture) installed in the Spree River.
- Clocktower reinstalled on Potsdamer Platz.[63]
- 2000
- 14 June: Sony Center opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,331,232.
- Bahntower built.
21st century
[edit]- 2001
- February: Anhalter Steg bridge built.
- 2 May: Federal Chancellery (Berlin) completed.
- 16 June: Klaus Wowereit becomes governing mayor.[64]
- 9 September: Jewish Museum, Berlin opened.
- 21 October: Berlin state election, 2001.
- 31 December: Population: 3,337,232.
- Merger of boroughs: Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg, Marzahn-Hellersdorf, Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Tempelhof-Schöneberg, and Treptow-Köpenick formed.
- DZ Bank building constructed.
- Jewish Museum opens.
- Berlin International Literature Festival begins.
- 2002
- 31 December: Population: 3,336,248.
- SRH Hochschule Berlin established.
- Berlin Philharmonic Chamber Orchestra founded.
- Exberliner English-language magazine founded.
- 2003
- 2 December: AquaDom opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,330,242.
- 2004
- 1 January: Federal Joint Committee health agency established.
- May: Badeschiff opened.
- 3 June: Museum of Photography, Berlin opened.
- 9 December: University Library of the TU Berlin and UdK opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,333,108.
- Festival of Lights begins.
- 2005
- 7 February: Honor killing of Hatun Sürücü.
- 24 February: Berlin-Lichterfelde Süd–Teltow Stadt railway opened.
- 10 May: Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe unveiled.
- 30 June: Gustav Heinemann Bridge opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,339,436.
- Philological Library opened.
- Transradio founded.
- 2006
- February: Institute for Media and Communication Policy.
- 26 May: Berlin Hauptbahnhof (Central station) constructed.
- 27 May: Berlin North–South mainline opened.
- 9 July: FIFA World Cup Final held at Olympiastadion.
- 15 July: DDR Museum opened.
- 17 September: Berlin state election, 2006.
- 31 December: Population: 3,348,805.
- Türk Bakım Evi nursing home established.
- 2007
- July: Berlin Fashion Week first held.
- 12 September: Alexa Centre shopping mall opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,353,858.
- Rocket Internet founded.
- 2008
- July: Scharf-Gerstenberg Collection opened.
- 10 September: Mercedes-Benz Arena (Berlin) opened.
- 1 October: BMG Rights Management founded.
- October: Zalando founded.
- 16 October: Khadija Mosque opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,362,843.
- 2009
- 8 August:
- U55 (Berlin U-Bahn) line opened.
- Bundestag (Berlin U-Bahn) station opened.
- Berlin Hauptbahnhof U55 platforms opened.
- 15–23 August: 2009 World Championships in Athletics held.
- 16 October: Neues Museum reopened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,369,672.
- International Psychoanalytic University Berlin founded.
- Prinzessinnengärten (garden) created.[65]
- 8 August:
- 2010 – 31 December: Population: 3,387,562.
- 2011
- 29 June: Humboldt Box opened.
- 18 September: Berlin state election, 2011.
- 15 October: Occupy Berlin.
- 31 December: Population: 3,427,114.
- 2012
- March: Zoofenster high-rise completed.
- 27 September: Rathaus Bridge inaugurated after rebuilding.
- 31 December: Population: 3,469,621.
- 2013
- 21 March: 2013 Berlin helicopter crash.
- 2 June: Hohenzollern Stadtschloss (palace) reconstruction begins.
- 3 November: Berlin energy referendum, 2013 held.
- 15 November: Museum in the Kulturbrauerei opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,517,424.
- N26 (bank) founded.
- 2014
- March: .berlin internet domain name begins.[66]
- 28 August: 2014 Conference of Western Balkan States, Berlin held.
- 25 September: Mall of Berlin opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,562,166.
- Headquarters of the Federal Intelligence Service built.
- 2015
- 7 February: Victoria released.
- 31 December: Population: 3,610,156.
- 2016
- July: Protest against gentrification in Friedrichshain.[67][68]
- 18 September: Berlin state election, 2016.
- 1 December: Berlin Police Academy established.
- 19 December: 2016 Berlin truck attack.
- 31 December: Population: 3,670,622.
- 2017
- 13 April: IGA Cable Car opened.
- 13 October: Babylon Berlin TV series released.
- 10 December: Berlin–Munich high-speed railway opened.
- 31 December: Population: 3,711,930.
- Urban Nation museum opens.[1]
- 2018 – 31 December: Population: 3,748,148.
- 2022 - 8 June - 2022 Berlin car attack.
See also
[edit]
References
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- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c d Ursula Heinzelmann (2008). "Timeline". Food Culture in Germany. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-34495-4.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Bradshaw 1898.
- ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
- ^ Allgemeines Adreßbuch für den deutschen Buchhandel ... 1870 (in German). Leipzig: O.A. Schulz. 1870.
- ^ a b c d Bell 2011.
- ^ a b c d e Townsend 1867.
- ^ a b Franz A.J. Szabo (2013). "Chronology of Major Events". The Seven Years War in Europe: 1756-1763. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-88697-6.
- ^ a b c Claude Egerton Lowe (1896). "Chronological Summary of the Chief Events in the History of Music". Chronological Cyclopædia of Musicians and Musical Events. London: Weekes & Co.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Chambers 1901.
- ^ Neuer Theater-Almanach (in German). Berlin: F.A. Günther & Sohn. 1908. hdl:2027/uva.x030515382.
- ^ Roger Parker, ed. (2001). Oxford Illustrated History of Opera. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-285445-2.
- ^ a b Königliche Museen zu Berlin (1904). Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland (in German) (6th ed.). Georg Reimer.
- ^ "Potsdamer Bahn" (in German).
- ^ Chester L. Alwes (2012). "Choral Music in the Culture of the 19th Century". In André de Quadros (ed.). Cambridge Companion to Choral Music. Cambridge Companions to Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-11173-7.
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- ^ Knight 1866.
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- ^ a b Georg Friedrich Kolb [in German] (1862). "Die europäischen Großmächte: Preussen". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.
- ^ Mitchel P. Roth (2006). "Chronology". Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-32856-5.
- ^ Steven Anzovin; Janet Podell, eds. (2000). Famous First Facts. H.W. Wilson Co. ISBN 0824209583.
- ^ Andrea Wulf (2015). The Invention of Nature: Alexander von Humboldt's New World. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-385-35067-9.
- ^ a b "Continental Photographic Societies", International Annual of Anthony's Photographic Bulletin, New York: E. & H. T. Anthony & Company, 1890
- ^ Berliner Chronik mit Fakten aus acht Jahrhunderten [Chronology of Berlin with Facts from Eight Centuries] (in German), Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein, retrieved 30 September 2015
- ^ United States Bureau of Education (1896), "Higher Education of Women", Report of the Commissioner of Education, vol. 1894–95, v.1, Washington DC: Government Printing Office, p. 921 – via HathiTrust,
Educational Status of Women in Different Countries: Germany
- ^ A.J. Mackintosh (1907). "Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907". Alpine Journal (177). UK. hdl:2027/njp.32101076197365.
- ^ a b c d Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.
- ^ Mark Garrett, ed. (2014). "Chronology". Encyclopedia of Transportation. Sage. ISBN 978-1-4833-4651-9.
- ^ "Vereinsgeschichte" (in German). Berliner Automobil-Club. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
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- ^ Charles Emerson, 1913: In Search of the World Before the Great War (2013) compares Berlin to 20 major world cities on the eve of World War I; pp 59-77.
- ^ "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via Hathi Trust.
- ^ Mel Gordon (1974). "Dada Berlin: "A History of Performance (1918-1920)". The Drama Review. 18 (2): 114–124. doi:10.2307/1144908. JSTOR 1144908.
- ^ James C. Docherty; Peter Lamb (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Socialism (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6477-1.
- ^ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 20th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- ^ "Opera Timeline". BBC Radio 3. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
- ^ "Movie Theaters in Berlin, Germany". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ "A history of cities in 50 buildings", The Guardian, UK, 2015
- ^ a b c "Germany Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 13 March 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- ^ a b c d e "On This Day", New York Times, retrieved 30 November 2014
- ^ "Seven Leading Architects Defend the World's Most Hated Buildings", New York Times, 5 June 2015
- ^ a b Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945 (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. 1998. p. 662. ISBN 83-85003-97-5.
- ^ a b Richard Overy, ed. (2013). New York Times Book of World War II 1939-1945. USA: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers. ISBN 978-1-60376-377-6.
- ^ Fabrizio Bensch; Georgiy Samsonov (4 May 2015), "Berlin battleground- 70 years later", The Big Picture, Boston Globe, Reuters (comparative photographs, 1945 and 2015)
- ^ Simpson 1957.
- ^ a b c Bernard A. Cook, ed. (2013). "Chronology of Major Political Events". Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-17939-7.
- ^ "Timeline: The Berlin Airlift". Berlin Airlift. American Experience. USA: Public Broadcasting Service. Archived from the original on May 7, 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
- ^ a b "Berlin", Webster's Geographical Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1960, p. 125, OL 5812502M
- ^ "Think Tank Directory". Philadelphia, USA: Foreign Policy Research Institute. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- ^ Daum 2008, pp. 51–56.
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- ^ "Sister Cities of Los Angeles". USA: City of Los Angeles. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ "Germany". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
- ^ "Demolition dreams: the world's 'worst' buildings", Financial Times, 31 October 2014
- ^ Joel S. Fetzer; J. Christopher Soper (2005). Muslims and the State in Britain, France, and Germany. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-53539-7.
- ^ "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- ^ Czaplicka 1995.
- ^ "50th anniversary of the Berlin Wall: a timeline". The Guardian. UK. 12 August 2011.
- ^ "www.berlin.de" (in German). Archived from the original on 1996-12-30 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
- ^ Urban 2003.
- ^ "German mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- ^ New York Times 2015.
- ^ "Berlin the world's first city with its own domain name", GlobalPost, Boston, 14 March 2014
- ^ "Berlin riot: 123 police injured in anti-gentrification protest", BBC News, 10 July 2016
- ^ "Verletzte bei Demonstration von Linksautonomen", Die Zeit (in German), 10 July 2016
This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
[edit]Published in 17th-19th centuries
[edit]- "Berlin". Topographia Electoratus Brandenburgici et Ducatus Pomeraniae. Topographia Germaniae. 1652. 1652/1680
- Thomas Nugent (1749), "Berlin", The Grand Tour, vol. 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762572
- "Berlin". A Geographical, Historical and Political Description of the Empire of Germany, Holland, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Prussia, Italy, Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia: With a Gazetteer. London: John Stockdale. 1800. OCLC 79519893.
- Abraham Rees (1819), "Berlin", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
- John Russell (1828), "Berlin", A Tour in Germany, and Some of the Southern Provinces of the Austrian Empire, in 1820, 1821, 1822, Edinburgh: Constable, OCLC 614379840
- David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Berlin". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
- Edward Augustus Domeier (1830), "Berlin", Descriptive Road-Book of Germany, London: Samuel Leigh, hdl:2027/hvd.hx167e
- Mariana Starke (1839), "Berlin", Travels in Europe (9th ed.), Paris: A. and W. Galignani
- Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Berlin". Geography. English Cyclopaedia. Vol. 2. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433000064786.
- Berlin and its Treasures. New York: D. Appleton and Company. 1867.
- George Henry Townsend (1867), "Berlin", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870), "Berlin, Prussia", Dictionary of Chronology, London: William Tegg, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949, OCLC 2613202
- "Berlin", Northern Germany (5th ed.), Coblenz: Karl Baedeker, 1873, OCLC 5947482; famous guidebook
- "Berlin". Handbook for North Germany. London: J. Murray. 1877.
- Henry Vizetelly (1879), Berlin under the New Empire, London: Tinsley Bros., OCLC 1819784, OL 23280773M + v.2
- W. Pembroke Fetridge (1884), "Berlin", Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East (23rd ed.), New York: Harper & Brothers, hdl:2027/nyp.33433066588363
- James Pollard (1894), A study in municipal government: the corporation of Berlin, Edinburgh: Blackwood, OL 7191669M
- Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Berlin", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555
- "Berlin", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany and Austria, London: W.J. Adams & Sons, 1898
Published in 20th century
[edit]- in English
- Robert C. Brooks (1901), "Berlin", Bibliography of Municipal Problems and City Conditions, Municipal Affairs, vol. 5 (2nd ed.), New York: Reform Club, OCLC 1855351
- "Berlin". Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Berlin and its Environs (3rd ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1908, OCLC 00575650
- Phillips, Walter Alison (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 785–791.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Berlin", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Berlin", The Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards
- David C. Preyer (1912), The Berlin Galleries, Boston: St. Botolph Society, OCLC 3077308, OL 25070700M
- Joseph Lins (1913). "Berlin". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Berlin", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 203, OL 6112221M
- J.L. Simpson (1957). "Berlin: Allied Rights and Responsibilities in the Divided City". International and Comparative Law Quarterly. 6 (1): 83–102. doi:10.1093/iclqaj/6.1.83. JSTOR 755897.
- Wolfgang Hofmann (1969). "West Berlin – The Isolated City in the Twentieth Century". Journal of Contemporary History. 4 (3): 77–93. doi:10.1177/002200946900400305. JSTOR 259732. S2CID 154750065.
- Berlin, Great Cities, Time-Life Books, 1977, OL 3850712M
- T.H. Elkins; B. Hofmeister (1988), Berlin: the spatial structure of a divided city, London: Methuen, ISBN 0416922201
- David Stanley (1992), "Berlin", Eastern Europe (2nd ed.), Lonely Planet, p. 86+
- John Czaplicka (1995). "History, Aesthetics, and Contemporary Commemorative Practice in Berlin". New German Critique (65): 155–187. doi:10.2307/488540. JSTOR 488540.
- Trudy Ring, ed. (1995). "Berlin". Northern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.
- Ronald Taylor (1997), Berlin and its culture, New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, ISBN 0300072007
- Wolfgang Schivelbusch (1998), In a cold crater: cultural and intellectual life in Berlin, 1945–1948, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 0520203666
- Evanovich, Janet (1999). "Berlin". Germany. Let's Go. St Martins Press. ISBN 9780312194833. OL 24980049M.
- in German
- P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Berlin". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
- Berlin. Griebens Reiseführer (in German). Berlin: Albert Goldschmidt. 1920 – via Internet Archive.
Published in 21st century
[edit]- Jack Holland (2001), Rough Guide to Berlin, Rough Guides, London, OL 24743282M
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Matt Erlin (2003), Berlin's Forgotten Future: City, History, and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Germany, University of North Carolina Press, ISBN 9780807881279
- Florian Urban (2003). "Picture Postcards of Urbanity: Reflections on Berlin's Inner City and the 1999 Master Plan". Journal of Architectural Education. 57 (1): 68–73. doi:10.1162/104648803322336601. JSTOR 1425741. S2CID 109813934.
- Hartmut Haussermann (2004). "Berlin: from divided into fragmented city". Greek Review of Social Research.
- Gösta Arvastson; Tim Butler, eds. (2006). "Shopping Malls and Shishas ... Berlin and Moscow". Multicultures and Cities. Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 978-87-635-0372-3.
- Christian Hartel (2006). Berlin: a Short History.
- Daum, Andreas W. (2008). Kennedy in Berlin. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85824-3.
- Davis, Belinda (2008). "City as theater of protest: West Berlin and West Germany, 1962-83". In Gyan Prakash and Kevin Michael Kruse (ed.). Spaces of the Modern City: Imaginaries, Politics, and Everyday Life. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13343-0.
- Joachim Schlör (2010). "Berlin 1900". In Christian Hermansen Cordua (ed.). Manifestoes and Transformations in the Early Modernist City. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-7948-6.
- Agata Anna Lisiak (2010). Urban Cultures in (Post)colonial Central Europe. Purdue University Press. ISBN 978-1-55753-573-3. (about Berlin, Budapest, Prague, Warsaw)
- Daniel A. Bell; Avner de-Shalit (2011), "Berlin", Spirit of Cities: Why the Identity of a City Matters in a Global Age, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, ISBN 9780691151441
- Roman A. Cybriwsky (2013). "Berlin". Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 48+. ISBN 978-1-61069-248-9.
- Stephen Evans (7 January 2014). "Berlin 1914: A city of ambition and self-doubt". BBC News.
- Quinn Slobodian; Michelle Sterling (2014), "Sacking Berlin", The Baffler, no. 23, USA
- "36 Hours in Berlin", New York Times, 12 August 2015
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Berlin.
- "Berlin in Brief: History". Berlin.de. Governing Mayor of Berlin. 19 May 2023.
- Links to fulltext city directories for Berlin via Wikisource
- Europeana. Items related to Berlin, various dates.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Berlin, various dates
- "Berlin Time Line: 1945–1990". Virginia, USA: Cold War Museum.
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