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VP11
VP11
VP11
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The VP11 is a family of mine-protected patrol vehicles, produced by China North Industries (Norinco).[1] The family of vehicles were first introduced at a trade show in Zhuhai, China, in November 2014.[2]

Key Information

History

[edit]

The United Arab Emirates indicated interest in placing an order for 150 vehicles at that trade show.[citation needed]

Design

[edit]

The four-wheeled vehicles are designed with a one-piece armored V-shaped bottom, so that the explosive force of enemy mines will be directed outwards, away from the vehicle's occupants.[2] One model of the family is designed to serve as an armored personnel carrier, carrying seven soldiers, in addition to the vehicle's driver and commander/gunner.

The roof can mount a remote controlled weapon system, capable of controlling an automatic grenade launcher or machine gun.[citation needed] A paramilitary model will mount less-than-lethal weapons.[1]

Operators

[edit]

References

[edit]
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VP11

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from Grokipedia
The VP11 is a family of lightweight 4×4 mine-resistant ambush protected (MRAP) vehicles manufactured by , designed primarily for troop transport, patrol duties, reconnaissance, and light combat missions in rugged terrains. Introduced at the Airshow in November 2014, the VP11 features a V-hulled chassis for enhanced protection against mines, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and small-arms fire, with ballistic resistance meeting Level 1 standards (upgradable to Level 2 via appliqué armor) and mine protection capable of withstanding up to 10 kg of TNT under the wheels or 8 kg under the hull. Key specifications include a combat weight of approximately 10–12 tons, dimensions of 5.3 m in length, 2.5 m in width, and 2.4 m in height, a crew of 1 plus up to 7 troops (total capacity around 8 personnel), a maximum road speed of 120 km/h, and an operational range of 800 km. The vehicle is powered by a 220 kW turbocharged , providing all-wheel drive capability with a ground clearance of 350 mm, the ability to ford 800 mm of water, climb 60% gradients, and operate in temperatures from -25°C to 50°C. Armament typically includes a remotely operated UW1 weapon station or open turret mounting a 12.7 mm , with options for 7.62 mm variants, enabling defensive during operations. The VP11 family encompasses variants such as the standard patrol model and the CS/VP11, a lighter all-terrain off-road version akin to an armored ATV for rapid mobility and roles. Notable for its export success as part of China's growing to African nations, the VP11 has been delivered to countries including (more than 30 units including VP11 and CS/VP11 variants delivered in a 2023 convoy, with additional units in 2025), (in June 2024), (13 units paraded in 2022), and Côte d'Ivoire (17 units in 2025), where it supports counter-insurgency and border security efforts. Its compact size, high mobility, and cost-effectiveness compared to heavier MRAPs make it suitable for and internal security operations in regions with limited .

Development

Background and introduction

The VP11 is a family of 4×4 mine-resistant ambush-protected (MRAP) vehicles developed by for tactical patrol and light combat roles. It originated from a 2012 collaboration between Norinco and South African firm EWI2 to produce the 8M MRAP, which served as the basis for the VP11 design. The initial concept for the VP11 addressed the growing demand for lightweight, mine-protected vehicles capable of operating in environments, where threats like improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and ambushes predominate. This development was influenced by global MRAP trends that accelerated after the 2000s conflicts in and , where conventional vehicles proved vulnerable to such tactics, prompting rapid innovations in blast-resistant designs worldwide. The VP11 incorporates a structure to deflect mine blasts and enhance crew survivability in these scenarios. The VP11 family made its public debut at the Airshow in November 2014, where showcased prototypes to attract international buyers seeking advanced patrol solutions. This event generated early interest, with reports of an intended order for 150 units by the , though the deal remains unconfirmed.

Production and exports

Following its public unveiling at the 2014 Airshow, the VP11 entered production under North Industries Corporation (), with initial batches prioritized for export markets over domestic Chinese military adoption. ramped up full-scale manufacturing in the mid-2010s at its facilities in , including those operated by the First Machinery Group Corporation, facilitating the first confirmed international deliveries by 2018. The first confirmed international delivery was to Tajikistan's border troops in 2018. Between 2020 and 2025, secured additional export agreements, expanding deliveries to multiple African nations including , , , and Côte d'Ivoire. These vehicles are assembled at Norinco's Chinese production sites, where export variants can incorporate localized modifications, such as armor kits tailored to buyer requirements.

Design

Structure and protection

The VP11 employs a hull construction with a one-piece V-shaped armored underbody, which deflects and dissipates blast energy from mines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs), enhancing survivability in threat environments. This design incorporates external lightweight armor panels, internal liners, and blast mitigation materials to further protect the compartment from fragmentation and shock waves. The sloped armor configuration contributes to overall ballistic resistance, while the vehicle's compact layout—engine at the front, crew in the middle, and troop area at the rear—optimizes weight distribution and stability. Ballistic protection meets Level 1 standards, defending against 7.62 mm rounds from all angles, with the capability to upgrade to Level 2 through additional armor kits for enhanced threat resistance. Mine protection is rated to withstand a 10 kg detonation under any wheel station, or 8 kg under the hull, supported by energy-absorbing seating and elevated floor spacing that isolates the crew from ground-transmitted impulses. The ballistic and splinter-proof windscreen and windows provide transparent armor for the driver and commander, maintaining visibility without compromising safety. The VP11 measures 5,300 mm in length, 2,500 mm in width, and 2,400 mm in height, with a combat weight of approximately 10–12 tons. This lightweight profile, combined with a ground clearance of 350 mm, allows for agile maneuverability while preserving the protective envelope across various terrains.

Armament and equipment

The VP11 is equipped with a roof-mounted remote-controlled station (RCWS), designated as the UW1 by , which serves as the primary armament platform. This system supports integration of 7.62 mm machine guns with up to 600 rounds of ready ammunition, 12.7 mm machine guns with 200 rounds, or 40 mm automatic grenade launchers with 48 rounds, enabling versatile engagement capabilities from within the protected crew compartment. The RCWS incorporates a digital , including a daylight camera, camera for night operations, and a to facilitate and precision firing. Secondary armament options include mounts on the sides of the vehicle for additional machine guns, providing supplementary firepower for close-range defense. In configurations observed with operators such as , vehicles have been fitted with two Norinco CS/LW2 38 mm anti-riot grenade launchers alongside the primary 12.7 mm in the protected station, enhancing potential. The equipment suite integrates with the vehicle's electronics for seamless operation, including optional nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) filtration systems to protect the crew in contaminated environments. For internal security adaptations, particularly in paramilitary variants, the VP11 can accommodate less-lethal weapons such as tear gas launchers or rubber bullet guns, though these are detailed further in the relevant variant descriptions.

Engine and mobility

The VP11 is powered by a turbocharged producing 220 kW (approximately 295 hp), manufactured through the Dongfeng-Cummins , which ensures reliable performance in demanding operational environments such as desert or rugged terrains. This powerplant is paired with a 4x4 all-wheel drive configuration, enhancing traction across varied surfaces. The vehicle also incorporates a , allowing operators to adjust pressures on the move for optimal adaptation to , , or rocky conditions. In terms of performance, the VP11 achieves a maximum speed of 120 km/h and offers an operational range of 800 km on its internal fuel tanks, supporting prolonged missions without frequent resupply. Its fuel system is optimized for logistical efficiency in remote areas, minimizing downtime during extended patrols by leveraging the engine's robust torque delivery for consistent power output under load. The VP11 demonstrates strong off-road mobility, with the capability to climb gradients up to 60% and traverse side slopes of 30%, aided by a ground clearance of 350 mm. It can ford water up to 0.8 m deep without preparation and overcome vertical obstacles of 0.4 m, making it suitable for counter-insurgency operations in challenging landscapes. These features, combined with the vehicle's overall 10–12-ton combat weight, contribute to balanced handling and stability during high-speed maneuvers or rough terrain traversal.

Crew and capacity

The VP11 accommodates 2–3 crew members (driver, commander, and optional gunner) plus up to 10 passengers for a total capacity of up to 12 personnel, though typical and earlier configurations accommodate 7–9 individuals. The vehicle's internal layout includes a forward cab protected by armored side doors for crew access, while the rear troop compartment accommodates passengers with quick-access roof hatches for entry, exit, and emergency egress. Ergonomic considerations in the VP11 prioritize occupant comfort and , incorporating blast-attenuating explosion-proof seats throughout the compartment to mitigate shock from underbody blasts. The design includes and ventilation systems suitable for operations in hot climates, along with modular external storage boxes for gear and equipment. The commander station integrates controls and displays for the optional remote-controlled (RCWS), enabling effective oversight without exposing personnel. Capacity can vary based on loadout and configuration, with baseline optimization for 8–9 personnel including full combat gear and provisions. Safety elements emphasize survivability, with the V-shaped hull aiding blast deflection into the compartment and multiple escape routes via doors and hatches integrated into the design.

Variants

Military variant

The VP11 military variant serves primarily as an armored personnel carrier () designed for troop transport, patrol operations, and in conflict zones, enabling armed forces to conduct missions in high-threat environments such as counter-insurgency and border security. This version emphasizes combat lethality, with integration of full lethal armament systems to support direct engagement. Key adaptations for military use include a standard roof-mounted remote-controlled weapon station (RCWS) equipped with a 12.7 mm , providing capabilities while protecting the crew from exposure. The variant features enhanced ballistic and mine-resistant kits, including a V-shaped hull that withstands up to 10 kg TNT explosions under any wheel or 8 kg under the hull, and 7.62×51 mm ammunition impacts, optimized for frontline deployments in IED-prone areas. Operationally, the military VP11 is configured for 2 members plus up to 6 troops, with a total capacity of 8 personnel under standard loading. Its 4x4 configuration delivers a maximum speed of 120 km/h and an operational range of 800 km, ensuring mobility across varied terrains. The baseline model has been exported to operators, including the (150 units ordered in 2014) and Mali's armed forces for anti-terrorist operations.

Paramilitary variant

The variant of the VP11 is designed primarily for patrol and duties within or police units, prioritizing operations in internal security scenarios while retaining core mine-resistant features for personnel . This adaptation shifts the vehicle's focus from to scenarios, allowing for safer urban patrolling. Optional features like sirens and public address systems support coordination during operations, enabling direct communication with crowds or other units. Shared mobility traits with the base model, such as 4x4 drive and a top speed of approximately 120 km/h, ensure reliable performance in varied terrains, with a capacity of 8 personnel. In terms of exports, the variant has been tailored specifically for African , with emphasis on rugged durability suited to missions in unstable regions. Deliveries to nations like , , and Côte d'Ivoire highlight its role in enhancing internal stability and counter-insurgency support through versatile, low-maintenance design.

CS/VP11 variant

The CS/VP11, also known as the , is a lighter all-terrain off-road variant of the VP11 family, akin to an armored ATV designed for rapid mobility, reconnaissance, and roles. It features enhanced off-road capabilities for operations in rugged terrains where larger vehicles are less effective. This variant has been exported to countries including as part of packages.

Operators

United Arab Emirates

The ordered 150 VP11 4x4 mine-resistant ambush-protected (MRAP) vehicles from the Chinese defense company in 2014. Delivery of the vehicles has not been publicly confirmed.

Gabon

The acquired 13 VP11 mine-resistant ambush-protected (MRAP) vehicles from around 2022 as part of efforts to modernize its armored fleet. These 4x4 vehicles, designed for enhanced protection against improvised explosive devices and fire, were integrated primarily to bolster presidential security and support internal security tasks within urban environments. The VP11s made their public debut during Gabon's Independence Day on 17 August 2022 in , where all 13 units participated in a ceremonial display, highlighting their role in national prestige events. This event marked the first official revelation of the vehicles to the public, underscoring their ceremonial significance alongside operational capabilities for the elite . In terms of usage, the fleet has been employed in limited operational roles centered on regime and internal security patrols, with no reported involvement in frontline scenarios. As of 2023, the 13-vehicle fleet remains active and operational within the , serving as a key asset for elite duties rather than broader engagements.

Côte d'Ivoire

The Ivorian Armed Forces acquired 17 VP11 mine-resistant ambush-protected (MRAP) vehicles, delivered within the last couple of years as of 2025, as part of broader efforts to enhance land force capabilities against regional security threats. These acquisitions align with Côte d'Ivoire's military modernization, focusing on equipment suited for patrol and protection in vulnerable areas, with the exact number remaining partially undisclosed in official announcements. The VP11 vehicles have been integrated into Ivorian infantry units, primarily for bolstering border security operations along the northern frontiers with and , where jihadist incursions pose increasing risks. This incorporation includes training and deployment alongside other Chinese-sourced equipment, supporting joint operational readiness in high-threat zones. In terms of usage, the VP11 fleet was prominently paraded during national defense events, including the Day celebrations in August 2024 and 2025, showcasing their role in ceremonial and readiness demonstrations. Operationally, they contribute to anti-smuggling patrols and security missions in northern border regions like Tchologo and Bounkani, where threats from illicit activities and overlap. Currently, the VP11 vehicles are expanding their role within Côte d'Ivoire's contributions to regional , such as troop deployments to missions in the , amid ongoing efforts to address cross-border instability. However, fleet maintenance faces logistical challenges, including supply chain dependencies on foreign parts and limited local technical expertise for systems.

Mali

Mali acquired nearly 100 VP11 4×4 lightweight mine-resistant ambush-protected (MRAP) vehicles, along with Lynx CS/VP11 all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), starting in 2023 as part of military aid from China. These deliveries, produced by Norinco, included convoys observed transiting Bamako in March 2023, with additional batches integrated into service by late 2023. The aid package supported Mali's military junta in bolstering capabilities following the French withdrawal, which had reduced prior logistics and air support. The VP11 vehicles were assigned to the (FAMA) primarily for counter-insurgency operations in the . Integration involved training provided by Chinese instructors, with Malian officials acknowledging Norinco's role in personnel instruction during delivery ceremonies. These sessions, conducted in , focused on vehicle operation and maintenance to enhance FAMA's operational readiness against insurgent threats. In combat employment, the VP11 has been deployed in joint operations with Russian mercenaries supporting the junta against jihadist groups affiliated with and , as well as Tuareg rebels. A notable incident occurred in July 2024 near Tinzaouatène in northern , where Tuareg rebels from the Permanent Strategic Framework for Peace, Security and Development (CSP-DPA) captured a VP11 during clashes with FAMA and Wagner forces, inflicting heavy losses on the convoy. This event highlighted the vehicle's role in high-intensity , though it also exposed vulnerabilities to ambushes in rugged terrain. As of late 2025, the VP11 fleet has faced significant attrition from sustained operations, including captures and combat damage, amid ongoing insurgent activities. Continued deliveries and maintenance support from have helped sustain the force, but intensified jihadist offensives have strained resources.

Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso's armed forces acquired the VP11 mine-resistant ambush-protected (MRAP) vehicle from China's as part of efforts to bolster national defense capabilities amid ongoing security challenges. In June 2024, the country received an initial batch of 40 VP11 vehicles, alongside 50 CS/VP14 4x4 armored vehicles, during a handover ceremony at a military base. These VP11 units, each with a weight of approximately 10 tonnes and offering baseline STANAG Level 1 ballistic and mine protection (upgradable to Level 2 with add-on armor), were integrated into the to enhance mobility and survivability in counter-insurgency operations. A delivery in August 2025 included additional Chinese equipment, such as VN22B wheeled fire support vehicles, signaling a deepening reliance on Chinese defense supplies for regional stability. This aligns with Burkina Faso's strategic shift toward Beijing-sourced equipment, following the acquisitions.

Kenya

The Kenyan Army operates the CS/VP11 variant of the VP11 family, a lighter all-terrain off-road version used for rapid mobility in various roles.

References

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  5. https://www.military.africa/2023/03/mali-receives-norinco-vp11-mrap-and-lynx-cs-vp11-atv/
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