Hubbry Logo
Demographics of Los AngelesDemographics of Los AngelesMain
Open search
Demographics of Los Angeles
Community hub
Demographics of Los Angeles
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Demographics of Los Angeles
Demographics of Los Angeles
Demographics of Los Angeles
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

Demographics of Los Angeles
Population pyramid of Los Angeles city in 2021
Population3,979,576 (2019)

The demographics of Los Angeles are determined by population surveys, such as the American Community Survey and the United States census. According to 2019 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, the City of Los Angeles' metro population was 3,979,576.[1]

Race, ethnicity, and national origin

[edit]
Main article: Ethnic groups in Los Angeles
Map of racial distribution in Los Angeles, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: White, Black, Asian, Hispanic, or Other (yellow)
Los Angeles city, California – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1980[2] Pop 1990[3] Pop 2000[4] Pop 2010[5] Pop 2020[6] % 1980 % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 1,433,330 1,299,604 1,099,188 1,086,908 1,126,052 48.31% 37.29% 29.75% 28.66% 28.88%
Black or African American alone (NH) 495,292 454,289 401,986 347,380 322,553 16.69% 13.03% 10.88% 9.16% 8.27%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 14,731 9,774 8,897 6,589 6,614 0.50% 0.28% 0.24% 0.17% 0.17%
Asian alone (NH) 198,436 320,668 364,850 420,212 454,585 6.69% 9.20% 9.87% 11.08% 11.66%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) N/A N/A 4,484 4,300 4,573 N/A N/A 0.12% 0.11% 0.12%
Other race alone (NH) 9,756 9,652 9,065 12,057 26,351 0.33% 0.28% 0.25% 0.32% 0.68%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) N/A N/A 87,277 76,353 128,028 N/A N/A 2.36% 2.01% 3.28%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 815,305 1,391,441 1,719,073 1,838,822 1,829,991 27.48% 39.92% 46.53% 48.48% 46.94%
Total 2,966,850 3,485,428 3,694,820 3,792,621 3,898,747 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

The 1990 United States census and 2000 United States census found that non-Hispanic whites were becoming a minority in Los Angeles; estimates for the 2010 United States census results found Latinos to be approximately half (47–49%) of the city's population, growing from 40% in 2000 and 30–35% in 1990, respectively.

The racial, ethnic and cultural composition of Los Angeles, as of 2020, according to DEC redistricting data, was as follows:[7]

Approximately 59.4% of Los Angeles' residents were born in the United States; 0.9% were born in Puerto Rico, Guam or other U.S. territories, or born abroad to American parents. Around 39.7% of the population was foreign-born, with the majority (64.5%) being born in Latin America. A large minority (26.3%) were born in Asia. Smaller numbers were born in Europe (6.5%), Africa (1.5%), Northern America (0.9%), and Oceania (0.3%).[8]

Languages

[edit]

According to the 2021 American Community Survey, the most commonly spoken languages in Los Angeles by people aged 5 years and over (3,650,704 people) were:[9]

The top non-English languages spoken at home in Los Angeles are Spanish, Korean, Armenian, Chinese and Persian.[10]

Households and educational attainment

[edit]

According to the 2006-2008 American Community Survey, the types of households were as follows out of 1,275,534 total:[8]

  • Family households: 61.1% (778,991)
  • With own children under 18 years: 30.9% (394,253)
  • Married-couple family: 39.1% (498,998)
  • With own children under 18 years: 19.6% (250,054)
  • Male head-of-household family; no wife present: 6.9% (88,600)
  • With own children under 18 years: 3.0% (38,239)
  • Female head-of-household family; no husband present: 15.0% (191,393)
  • With own children under 18 years: 8.3% (105,960)
  • Non-family households: 38.9% (496,543)
  • Householder living alone: 30.2% (385,843)
  • 65 years and over: 8.0% (102,016)
  • Households with one or more people under 18 years: 34.6% (441,723)
  • Households with one or more people 65 years and over: 21.1% (268,624)
  • Average household size: 2.87
  • Average family size: 3.67

According to the same survey, the educational status of residents over 25 years (2,407,775 total) was as follows:[11]

  • Less than 9th grade: 15.9% (383,385)
  • 9th to 12th grade, no diploma: 11.1% (267,833)
  • High school graduate: 21.1% (509,021)
  • Some college, no degree: 16.7% (402,973)
  • Associate degree: 5.9% (141,764)
  • Bachelor's degree: 19.2% (462,701)
  • Graduate or professional degree: 10.0% (240,098)
  • Percent high school graduate or higher: 72.9%
  • Percent bachelor's degree or higher: 29.2%

Income and poverty

[edit]

According to the 2006-2008 American Community Survey, the income status of residents was as follows:[11]

  • Median household income: $48,610
  • Mean household income: $76,557
  • Median family income: $53,008
  • Mean family income: $83,965
  • Median non-family income: $38,227
  • Mean non-family income: $61,155

According to the same survey, the poverty status of residents was as follows:[11]

  • All families: 15.6%
  • Married-couple families: 10.2%
  • Families with female householder, no husband present: 30.1%
  • All people: 18.9%
  • Under 18 years: 27.8%
  • 18 years and over: 16.0%
  • 18 to 64 years: 16.5%
  • 65 years and over: 12.9%

Employment

[edit]

According to the 2006-2008 American Community Survey, the employment status of residents was as follows[11]

  • Population 16 years and over: 2,923,315
  • In labor force: 65.8% (1,924,833)
  • Civilian labor force: 65.8% (1,923,236)
  • Employed: 61.3% (1,792,596)
  • Unemployed: 4.5% (130,640)
  • Armed Forces: 0.1% (1,597)
  • Not in labor force: 34.2% (998,482)

Religious and Ethnic Demographics

[edit]
Los Angeles California Temple
Religion in Los Angeles (2020 PRRI)[12]
  1. Roman Catholicism (31.0%)
  2. Protestantism (35.0%)
  3. Mormon (1.00%)
  4. No religion (25.0%)
  5. Judaism (2.00%)
  6. Islam (1.00%)
  7. Buddhism (1.00%)
  8. Hinduism (1.00%)

According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, Christianity is the most practiced religion in Los Angeles, with around 65% of residents adhering to the faith; around 32% of these followed the Roman Catholic Church, 30% to various Protestant denominations, and the last 3% adhering to other Christian persuasions (including Orthodox Christians, Jehovah's Witnesses and Mormons). An estimated 25% of the population was not affiliated with any religion (with 4% self-identifying as atheistic and another 4% self-identifying as agnostic), while 9% adhered to other Abrahamic or non-Christian faiths (primarily Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism); a remaining 1% answered "don't know".[13]

Los Angeles has the highest Druze populace, living anywhere in the world, outside of Lebanon or Syria.[14]

Los Angeles has the world's largest population of Saudi Arabian expatriates (est. 20,000), according to the Saudi Embassy of the USA.[15]

About 15,000 Louisiana Creole people of Acadian and Cajun background from Louisiana and the U.S. Gulf Coast, are present in Los Angeles. Many live in the South Central area.[16]

In the 1980 and 1990 Census, Bosnians had established themselves in fairly large numbers in Los Angeles, before the breakup of the former Yugoslavia and Bosnian War of the 1990s. However, Yugoslav immigration was already ongoing in Los Angeles and beyond, in Southern California (i.e. San Pedro, Los Angeles), since the turn of the 20th century's global immigration boom.[17]

Salvadoran Americans are the second largest Hispanic and Latino population in Los Angeles, which is the largest Salvadoran population outside of El Salvador and the Salvadoran diaspora living abroad and overseas. Most were refugees whom arrived in the 1980s and 1990s during the Salvadoran Civil War, part of the Central American Crisis.

Los Angeles hosts the largest population of Belizeans outside of Belize, with approximately 55,000 Belizeans residing in the Greater Los Angeles area. They are primarily concentrated in South Central, Inglewood, and Compton. The Belizean community, consisting largely of Belizean Kriols along with smaller numbers of Garifuna and Mestizos, is one of the largest groups of Black Central American, Caribbean, and Black immigrants in Los Angeles County.[citation needed]

Armenians made an ethnic presence in Glendale, Silver Lake/Elysian Park and Los Feliz/Hollywood.[18]

Los Angeles has a sizable Boricua community (50,000 out of 145,000 in California), with just as many in San Diego, the largest populace of Puerto Ricans living west of the Mississippi River, including the island of Puerto Rico itself.[19]

Once a tradition, the descendants of original Anglo-American settlers who represented civic leaders and economic influence in the city of Los Angeles held Iowa picnics in MacArthur Park, though this has not been observed since the early 1970s.[20]

Cherokee Indians, among other Native American tribes (such as the Apache, Choctaw, Comanche, Hopi, Muscogee (Creek), Navajo, Nez Perce, Northern Paiute, Shawnee and Zuni peoples), account for Los Angeles likely having the largest Urban Indian population.[21]

Los Angeles, along with Pasadena at the turn of the 20th century, were one of two of the earliest internationally-known retirement communities to attract a significant number of senior citizens and retirees in search of a warmer climate to relax in, and to better overall health and wellness.[22]

L.A. hosts the fourth largest number of Muslims in the United States.[23] When the estimated 500,000 Muslims living in the greater Los Angeles area are included, Los Angeles hosts the second largest number of Muslims among U.S. cities.[24]

There are around 50,000 Roma living in the Los Angeles area, making it one of the cities with the highest Roma concentration in the U.S.[25]

More than 1.2 million Los Angeles residents are of Mexican ancestry. Mexican influences can be seen in the city’s culture.[26] Mexican Americans are the largest ethnic group in Los Angeles.

Greeks began immigrating to Los Angeles in the 1890s. There was a small population of Greeks living in the Boyle Heights area, along with other immigrant groups including Russians, Syrians, Armenians, and East European Jews by the late 1890s.[27]

There is a significant Italian American community in Los Angeles.[28]

Approximately 600,000 Filipino Americans live in the Greater Los Angeles area, roughly half of the total California population.[29]

Los Angeles has the largest Thai population outside of Thailand.[30]

Place of birth

[edit]

The majority of immigrants to Los Angeles were born in Mexico, followed by El Salvador and Guatemala.[31]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Demographics of Los Angeles

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The demographics of Los Angeles encompass the population characteristics of the city proper, which recorded an estimated 3.86 million residents in 2023, establishing it as the second-largest municipality in the United States by population size. This figure reflects a recent trend of modest decline, driven by factors such as elevated housing costs and net domestic out-migration, with the population decreasing by approximately 0.66% annually in projections extending to 2025. The city's populace is markedly diverse, featuring a plurality of Hispanic or Latino residents alongside substantial non-Hispanic White, Asian, and Black or African American communities; specifically, non-Hispanic Whites comprise 28.3%, followed by Hispanic individuals categorized under "Other" race at 24.5%, non-Hispanic Asians at 11.8%, non-Hispanic Blacks at 8.9%, and multiracial groups exceeding 15% when including Hispanic multiracial. Over 35.7% of residents are foreign-born, predominantly from Mexico, Central America, and Asia, which has shaped a multilingual environment where English is spoken alongside Spanish and numerous other languages in households. Key defining traits include a median age of 36.9 years, skewing younger than the national average due to higher birth rates among immigrant-descended populations, and a median household income of $80,366, though per capita income stands lower at $36,978 amid pronounced income inequality across ethnic lines. Despite its ethnic heterogeneity, Los Angeles maintains patterns of residential segregation, with neighborhoods often stratified by race and socioeconomic status, contributing to varied outcomes in education, health, and crime rates observable in empirical data.

Population Dynamics

Total Population and Historical Growth

The population of the City of stood at 3,878,704 as of July 1, 2024, per U.S. Bureau estimates, reflecting a numeric gain of 31,276 residents from 2023 amid a broader pattern of stagnation and recent outflows. This figure marks a slight rebound following a post-2020 decline, with the 2020 decennial recording a peak of 3,898,747 inhabitants. Since its first in 1850, when the population numbered just 1,610, Los Angeles has undergone exponential expansion driven by factors including railroad connectivity, oil discoveries, real estate booms, and entertainment industry development, culminating in a 2,421-fold increase by 2020. Growth accelerated markedly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries: from 50,395 in 1890 to 319,198 in 1910 (a 533% rise), fueled by and of surrounding areas; and further to 1,238,048 by 1930 amid and infrastructure projects like the . Post-World War II expansion added over 500,000 residents between 1940 and 1960, supported by and defense sectors, though rates tapered thereafter due to suburban flight, , and later high housing costs. Decennial census figures illustrate this trajectory:
YearPopulation
18501,610
1900102,479
1910319,198
1920576,673
19301,238,048
19401,504,277
19501,970,358
19602,479,015
19702,816,061
19802,966,850
19903,485,567
20003,694,820
20103,792,621
20203,898,747
Annual growth rates averaged over 10% in boom decades like 1900–1910 but fell below 1% by the 1980s, with net losses evident in inter-censal estimates since 2020 attributable to domestic out-migration exceeding inflows, though offset partially by international immigration. The population of the City of Los Angeles experienced a net decline of approximately 0.13% annually from April 2020 to July 2024, dropping from the 2020 Census count of 3,898,747 to an estimated 3,878,704 residents as of July 1, 2024. This period reflected broader disruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic, including excess mortality, reduced births, and accelerated domestic out-migration driven by elevated housing costs, remote work shifts, and quality-of-life concerns such as crime and homelessness. However, the city recorded a rebound in the most recent year, adding over 31,000 residents between July 2023 and July 2024—the first significant gain since 2016—primarily fueled by international immigration offsetting ongoing net losses to other U.S. states. For the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim metropolitan area, which encompasses the city and surrounding counties, population losses exceeded 214,000 residents in 2020-2021 but reversed to a gain of over 41,000 between 2023 and , aligning with national urban recovery patterns supported by renewed immigration flows from and . Los Angeles County, with an estimated 2025 population of around 9.6 million, saw a 0.58% decline in 2023 alone, continuing a trend of domestic exodus to lower-cost states like and , though state-level data indicate stabilization through foreign-born inflows. Projections for the City of Los Angeles suggest limited near-term growth, with annual rates potentially remaining near zero or negative absent sustained , as domestic out-migration persists amid structural challenges like shortages and high living expenses. Longer-term forecasts from regional planning bodies, such as the Association of Governments, anticipate modest city population increases of up to 17% by 2040 under baseline scenarios assuming continued and urban infill development, though county-wide models project a potential 10% decline by 2070 due to aging demographics and net outflows. These estimates hinge on variables like federal policy, economic conditions, and rates, which have fallen below replacement levels in , contributing to overall stagnation risks.

Geographic Distribution and Density

The City of Los Angeles encompasses 468.7 square miles of land area and recorded a population density of 8,304 people per square mile in 2020, with recent estimates indicating approximately 8,360 people per square mile as of 2023. This overall figure masks substantial geographic disparities, as much of the city's terrain includes undeveloped hills, mountains, and canyons—comprising over 25% of the land—that remain sparsely populated, pushing urban densities higher in habitable zones. Population distribution clusters heavily in the central, eastern, and southern portions of the city, where multifamily housing and commercial districts predominate, contrasting with lower densities in the expansive to the north and affluent Westside enclaves. The region, covering about 225 s (roughly 48% of the city's land), holds approximately 1.23 million residents, yielding a of around 5,480 people per —lower than the city average due to its suburban character and single-family homes. In contrast, core neighborhoods like reach densities exceeding 42,600 people per , driven by high-rise apartments and dense immigrant communities, while Westlake exceeds 34,700 per . Further east and south, areas such as Boyle Heights (population 85,993) and Downtown (59,209) exemplify concentrated urban settlement, with densities often surpassing 20,000 per square mile in pockets like Hollywood (23,870 per square mile) and Watts (19,791 per square mile). Westside communities, including Brentwood (population 33,341; density 2,154 per square mile), reflect lower densities under 3,000 per square mile, attributable to larger lots, estates, and zoning favoring single-family residences. These patterns stem from historical development: early 20th-century streetcar suburbs densified central zones, while post-World War II automobile-oriented expansion sprawled into the Valley and Westside, perpetuating uneven growth.
Region/Neighborhood ExampleApproximate Population (2023 est.)Density (people/sq mi)
(overall)1,232,761~5,480
Not specified42,608
Boyle Heights85,993>20,000 (urban core est.)
Brentwood33,3412,154
59,209>20,000 (urban core est.)

Racial and Ethnic Composition

Current Breakdown by Race and Ethnicity

As of the 2018–2022 (ACS) 5-year estimates, the City of has a of approximately 3,878,000 residents. Hispanic or Latino individuals of any race constitute the largest group at 48.1%, reflecting significant from and higher rates among this compared to non- groups. comprise 28.3%, Asians 11.8%, and 8.5%. Smaller shares include those identifying as two or more races (around 3–4%, varying by source due to changes in self-reporting options post-2020), American Indian or Alaska Native (about 1.2%), and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander (0.2%). These figures derive from self-reported data collected by the U.S. Census Bureau, which may undercount certain transient or undocumented populations but provides the most comprehensive empirical snapshot available; ACS estimates incorporate sampling adjustments for reliability over decennial census counts. The category, as an rather than a race, overlaps with racial identifications, with many reporting "some other race" (often tied to indigenous or ancestries not captured in standard racial bins).
GroupPercentageApproximate Number (2018–2022 ACS)
Hispanic or Latino (any race)48.1%1,865,763
Non-Hispanic White28.3%~1,098,000
Asian (alone or in combination)11.8–12.0%~457,000–465,000
Black or African American8.5%~330,000
Two or more races~3.5%~136,000
American Indian/ Native1.2%~46,500
Native Hawaiian/0.2%~7,800
Data compiled from ACS estimates; numbers rounded and may not sum to 100% due to rounding and residual categories. The predominance of Hispanic residents stems from decades of migration driven by economic opportunities in labor-intensive sectors like and services, alongside chain migration patterns, rather than policy-induced shifts alone. Non-Hispanic White share has stabilized after mid-20th-century peaks, influenced by suburban flight and lower birth rates. Asian growth reflects selective immigration via skilled visas and from countries like , , and the . Black population concentration ties to historical Great Migration patterns, though recent internal U.S. migration has moderated growth.

Historical Shifts in Composition

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Los Angeles County's population was overwhelmingly of European descent, with the 1900 U.S. Census recording whites comprising 96.3% of the total, blacks 1.7%, and Asians (primarily Chinese) 1.8%. This composition reflected Anglo-American settlement following California's statehood in 1850 and limited immigration from under exclusionary laws like the of 1882. The 1930 Census introduced a separate "Mexican" category amid repatriation efforts during the , revealing 7.6% of the county's residents as Mexican-origin, while whites (including many Hispanics classified as such) stood at 88.3% and blacks at 2.1%. The mid-20th century saw accelerated diversification driven by and labor demands. The Great Migration drew blacks from the rural South to wartime defense industries, boosting their county share from 2.1% in 1930 to 7.6% in 1960, with absolute numbers rising from 46,425 to 461,546. Asian subgroups, including Japanese and Filipinos, also increased modestly to 1.8% by 1960, despite internment policies during . Hispanics, still largely enumerated within the white racial category, grew through programs like the Bracero initiative (1942–1964), which facilitated Mexican agricultural labor. The 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act dismantled national-origin quotas, enabling chain migration that propelled and Asian inflows. The 1970 Census first reported "Spanish origin" separately, showing 15% of the county (overlapping with racial whites at 85.4%), escalating to 27.6% by as declined to about 50% amid suburban out-migration. Asians rose to 6.5% by , fueled by arrivals from , Korea, and the . By 2010, had fallen to 27.9% in the county, with s at around 48% and Asians at 13.6%; these trends persisted into 2022, with at 25.2% and Asians at 15.1%. Similar patterns held for the city proper, where dropped below 30% by the 1990s, reflecting sustained immigration and higher fertility rates among residents alongside white dispersal to peripheral suburbs.

Specific Ethnic Subgroups and National Origins

The or Latino in , numbering 1,829,991 residents or 46.9% of the city's total as of the 2020 , is dominated by persons of origin, who form the largest detailed subgroup nationwide and account for about 74% of in the . This translates to over 1.3 million individuals of descent in the city, reflecting historical migration patterns from dating to the and accelerated by labor demands in the . represent the second-largest subgroup, with the hosting the densest concentration outside , estimated at 281,616 immigrants alone, many concentrated in neighborhoods like Westlake and Pico-Union. follow as a significant Central American subgroup, contributing to the city's diverse Mesoamerican influences, though exact city-level figures are subsumed within broader showing California's at 454,917 in 2020. Smaller origins include , , and South Americans, but these comprise under 5% combined based on national patterns mirrored locally. Among Asian residents, who make up 11.7% of the city's population per the 2020 Census, Chinese (excluding Taiwanese) form the largest subgroup in Los Angeles County at 519,936 individuals alone or in combination as of the 2023 5-year estimates, with significant concentrations in and enclaves spilling into the city. and rank prominently, each exceeding 200,000 in the county and driving urban ethnic economies in areas like Historic Filipinotown and , where Korean businesses anchor community institutions. Japanese (145,836 countywide) and Vietnamese populations also contribute notably, with the latter tied to post-1975 waves, though precise city breakdowns show Asians more dispersed than Hispanics. Other Asian origins, such as Indian and Thai, are growing but remain smaller, reflecting selective immigration via skilled visas and . Non-Hispanic White residents, 28.9% of the city in 2020, include diverse European ancestries like German, Irish, and Italian from early 20th-century waves, but prominent national origins post-1965 encompass and Iranians. hosts the world's largest outside , with approximately 82,000 in the city proper and over 200,000 countywide, centered in Glendale and East Hollywood, driven by Soviet-era and post-genocide migrations. number nearly 138,000 in the metropolitan area, predominantly post-1979 Revolution exiles in "" along Westwood and Wilshire, forming a high-skilled professional enclave. The or African American population, 8.3% citywide, is overwhelmingly of U.S.-born descent tracing to Great Migration inflows from the South, with minimal distinct national origins like subgroups under 1%.

Nativity and Immigration Patterns

Foreign-Born Population Shares

In 2023, approximately 35.7% of residents, or about 1.38 million people, were foreign-born, according to data aggregated from the U.S. Census Bureau's (ACS). This figure encompasses both naturalized U.S. citizens and non-citizens, reflecting sustained inflows primarily from and over prior decades. The share remains markedly higher than the national average of 13.9%, underscoring ' role as a primary destination for international migrants drawn by economic opportunities in sectors like , services, and . Historically, the foreign-born share in the city has fluctuated with immigration patterns and policy changes. In 2000, immigrants comprised over 40% of the population, up from lower levels in the mid-20th century, driven by post-1965 reforms easing restrictions on family reunification and labor migration from non-European sources. By 2010, the proportion hovered around 39%, before edging down to 37.8% in 2014 amid slower inflows and aging of earlier cohorts. Recent ACS estimates indicate a further modest decline to the current 35-36% range, attributable to factors including reduced net migration post-2008 recession, higher native birth rates in some subgroups, and out-migration of foreign-born individuals to other U.S. regions or return to origin countries. Of the foreign-born in Los Angeles, roughly half—about 18% of the total population—are naturalized citizens, while the remainder hold non-citizen status, including lawful permanent residents and unauthorized immigrants. This composition influences civic participation and policy debates, with naturalized citizens exhibiting higher rates of homeownership and labor force engagement compared to non-citizens, per ACS tabulations. The elevated foreign-born presence has contributed to demographic vitality amid stagnant native , though it also correlates with challenges like linguistic barriers and strain on public services, as documented in census-derived analyses.

Places of Origin for Immigrants

The foreign-born population of Los Angeles County primarily originates from , which accounts for the largest share at approximately 55% of immigrants, followed by at 37%. Mexico dominates as the leading country of origin, with 1,152,597 foreign-born residents as of 2023 U.S. Census Bureau estimates derived from the (ACS). This figure reflects longstanding migration patterns driven by geographic proximity, economic opportunities in labor-intensive sectors like and , and networks established since the mid-20th century. Central American countries, particularly El Salvador (261,495) and Guatemala (178,962), represent significant secondary sources from Latin America, often linked to civil conflicts in the 1980s and subsequent asylum flows, as well as economic migration. These groups have concentrated in urban enclaves, contributing to ethnic neighborhoods in areas like Koreatown and East Los Angeles, though with varying integration outcomes based on legal status and education levels. Asian origins have grown notably since the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act, which prioritized skilled migration and family ties over national quotas. The Philippines (231,093), excluding Hong Kong and Taiwan (190,337), Korea (135,743), and (97,057) form the core, with many arriving as refugees post- or through professional visas in healthcare and technology. More recent inflows show rising among newer arrivals, comprising 13.3% of those entering within the last decade per 2015-2019 ACS microdata analysis. Middle Eastern and other origins include (106,103) and (75,245), bolstered by post-1979 exoduses and Soviet-era displacements, respectively, leading to professional-class settlements in the . India contributes 57,696, mainly through H-1B visas in tech and engineering. European and African shares remain small at 5% and 2%, respectively, with limited large-scale communities.
Country of BirthForeign-Born Residents (2023 est.)
1,152,597
231,093
261,495
178,962
190,337
Korea135,743
106,103
97,057
75,245
57,696
These distributions underscore Mexico's outsized role, comprising over 40% of long-settled immigrants (those residing over 30 years), though recent cohorts (under 10 years) show diversification toward amid shifting U.S. visa policies and global economic pressures.

Internal Migration from Other U.S. States

Los Angeles County, encompassing the city of , has recorded consistent net domestic out-migration since at least the early 2000s, with outflows to other U.S. states exceeding inflows from them. U.S. Census Bureau estimates from the (ACS) 2016-2020 5-year period indicate a net county-to-county migration flow of -123,418 persons for Los Angeles County, reflecting domestic relocations across U.S. counties including those in other states. This negative balance persisted amid broader trends, where high living costs and regulatory burdens have empirically correlated with resident departures to lower-tax states like and , per state-level flow data. In the early 2020s, the pace of net losses moderated slightly but remained substantial. For the 2021 period within the ACS survey, Los Angeles County saw net domestic out-migration of 98,566 individuals, the highest numeric loss among U.S. counties that year. By 2023, total population decline in the county reached 56,420, partly attributable to ongoing negative domestic migration despite gains from international inflows. Gross inflows from other states continue at lower volumes, primarily from nearby Western states and urban centers like New York, though aggregate county-to-county tables do not disaggregate by originating state without custom tabulation; private datasets suggest Arizona as a notable source, but these lack the rigor of federal estimates. These patterns have demographic implications, as departing residents tend to be working-age natives, reducing the share of U.S.-born population relative to foreign-born inflows, per ACS nativity breakdowns. Historical reversals from mid-20th-century gains—when Los Angeles drew migrants from Dust Bowl-era states like Oklahoma—underscore a shift driven by economic saturation and policy factors, evidenced by long-term Census components of change showing positive net domestic migration turning negative around 1990.

Linguistic Characteristics

Languages Spoken at Home

According to 2022 U.S. Census Bureau estimates derived from the , among the approximately 3.67 million residents of aged 5 years and over, 42.6% spoke only English at home, while 57.4% spoke a other than English. Spanish or Spanish Creole was the most common non-English , spoken at home by 40.8% of this , reflecting the city's large or Latino demographic, which constitutes nearly half of residents.
Language CategoryNumber of SpeakersPercentage
English only1,564,78542.6%
Spanish or Spanish Creole1,497,44640.8%
Other 181,8135.0%
(e.g., Russian, Polish)44,3751.2%
Other categories (e.g., Asian and Pacific Islander languages, French, Germanic)~380,177 (calculated remainder)~10.4%
The remaining speakers primarily use Asian languages such as Mandarin, , Korean, and Tagalog, alongside like Armenian and Persian, which together highlight patterns of from , , and the former . Recent aggregates limit granular breakdowns for , but earlier detailed surveys confirm these as leading non-Spanish options, with no single one exceeding 3-4% citywide. This linguistic profile contributes to ' status as one of the most polyglot urban areas globally, though English remains the dominant public and workplace language.

English Proficiency Levels

In the City of Los Angeles, 25.0% of the population aged 5 years and older spoke English less than "very well" according to the 2023 estimates. This (LEP) rate exceeds the national average of 8.3% reported in 2018 data. The figure encompasses individuals who speak a language other than English at home and self-report proficiency levels below "very well," with Spanish speakers comprising the largest group affected due to their prevalence among the city's majority. LEP concentrations vary by demographic subgroups, correlating strongly with foreign-born status and non-European ancestries. Among the city's Asian American and communities, LEP rates are elevated, with certain subgroups like Chinese and Korean speakers exhibiting proficiency challenges linked to recent patterns. residents, who form nearly half of the , account for a disproportionate share of LEP individuals, though exact subgroup breakdowns from ACS data indicate variability by and generation. In contrast, non-Hispanic white and residents report near-universal English proficiency, reflecting higher native-born proportions and historical assimilation. Over time, LEP shares in Los Angeles have remained elevated compared to national trends, stabilizing around 24-25% in recent ACS cycles amid sustained inflows, though second-generation residents show improved proficiency through schooling and integration. This persistence underscores the demographic pressures from non-English dominant origins, with ACS 5-year estimates from 2018-2022 confirming no significant decline despite policy efforts in language access.

Social and Family Structure

Household Composition and Family Types

In Los Angeles, approximately 60% of households are family households according to the 2018-2022 5-year estimates, with the remainder consisting of non-family households. Married-couple families represent 38.2% of all households, while householder families with no present account for 15.1% and householder families with no present for 6.8%. Non-family households comprise 40%, including 30.2% one-person households and 9.8% other non-family arrangements such as roommates. Among households with children under 18, married-couple families predominate at 62.7%, followed by single-mother households at 27% and single-father households at 10.2%, reflecting a higher prevalence of two-parent structures when children are present compared to overall household composition. Overall, 26.9% of households include children under 18, while 72.7% do not. The average household size is 2.83 persons, lower than the national average due to a combination of , patterns favoring extended but crowded living, and higher rates of solo living among younger adults.

Marital Status and Fertility Rates

In Los Angeles, marital status patterns reflect urban demographic trends, with a high proportion of adults remaining unmarried. According to data, approximately 46% of the population aged 15 and over has never married, with males exhibiting higher rates at 49% compared to 42% for females; 39% are currently (37% females, 40% males); 11% are separated or divorced (13% females, 9% males); and 5% are widowed (7% females, 2% males). These figures, derived from 5-year ACS estimates up to 2022, indicate lower marriage rates than national averages, consistent with patterns in large metropolitan areas where economic pressures and delayed family formation prevail. Fertility rates in are notably low, contributing to sub-replacement . The general fertility rate for , which includes the city, stood at 44.9 births per 1,000 women aged 15-44 in 2023, down from higher levels in prior decades and below the state average of 50.4. This corresponds to an estimated of approximately 1.4-1.5 births per woman for the county, reflecting a decline from 1.56 in 2017 and aligning with broader trends toward delayed childbearing, where the median maternal age at first birth exceeds 30 years in urban cores. City-specific indicators from ACS show the of women aged 15-50 reporting a birth in the prior year at around 4%, lower than county and state figures, underscoring the impact of high living costs and diverse immigrant populations with varying norms.

Education and Human Capital

Educational Attainment by Age and Group

In Los Angeles city, educational attainment for the population aged 25 and older, based on the (ACS) 2018–2022, shows 75.9% having completed high school or higher, with 32.5% holding a or above; these figures lag behind (82.1% high school or higher, 32.0% bachelor's or higher) and national averages (87.0% high school or higher, 30.3% bachelor's or higher, adjusted for the period). The lower rates reflect the city's large immigrant population, many from regions with limited formal schooling opportunities, though cohort-specific data indicate gradual improvements. Attainment varies by age group, with younger cohorts demonstrating higher rates of or higher completion, consistent with expanded access to postsecondary over time but tempered by ongoing patterns. Among those aged 25–34, 28.3% hold a or higher; this declines to 21.3% for ages 35–44, 18.7% for 45–64, and 16.8% for 65 and older. High school completion follows a similar pattern, with rates increasing among younger residents due to compulsory laws and public school investments, though precise age-stratified high school data for the city highlight persistent gaps for recent arrivals.
Demographic GroupHigh School Graduate or Higher (%)Bachelor's Degree or Higher (%)
95.355.1
86.823.0
Asian91.453.5
53.210.1
Disparities by race and ethnicity are pronounced, driven by differences in generational status, immigration selectivity, and socioeconomic factors; for instance, and Asians exhibit rates approaching or exceeding national benchmarks, while —comprising nearly half the city's adult population—show substantially lower attainment, attributable to higher proportions of first-generation immigrants with from . These patterns hold across age subgroups within groups, with Asians maintaining high postsecondary completion even among older cohorts due to selective migration of skilled workers, whereas Hispanic rates improve modestly in younger ages but remain constrained by barriers and family obligations. Public school enrollment in Los Angeles has declined markedly since the early 2000s, reflecting broader demographic shifts including lower fertility rates among established residents and net out-migration. The (LAUSD), serving the city's core population, reached a peak of 737,000 students around 2002 but contracted to 430,000 by 2022, a reduction exceeding 40%. Enrollment further stabilized at 429,033 for the 2022-2023 school year, amid ongoing pressures from fewer school-age children in the county. Across , K-12 enrollment fell 14.7% from 2010 to 2020, outpacing state averages, with projections estimating an additional 19% drop by the early 2030s due to sustained low birth cohorts and costs deterring family formation. Los Angeles County faces the largest anticipated loss statewide, with a forecasted decrease of 230,400 students over the subsequent decade from 2023 levels. These trends disproportionately affect traditional public districts, though charter schools have captured a growing share of remaining students; in LAUSD, charters accounted for about 20% of enrollment by 2023. Statewide patterns mirror , with California's total K-12 enrollment dipping 0.54% to 5.8 million for 2024-2025, but urban cores like the city exhibit steeper per-capita declines linked to internal U.S. migration away from high-cost areas. Adult literacy rates in Los Angeles remain low compared to national benchmarks, with recording the lowest state proficiency at 76.9% as of recent assessments, heavily influenced by the region's 40% foreign-born population and non-English primary languages in over half of households. Historical data from 2003 showed 33.5% of adults aged 16 and over lacking basic prose —defined as inability to comprehend short texts—up from 20.4% in 1992, correlating with surges in low- immigration cohorts. By 2022, approximately 23% of Californians over age 15 could not reliably decipher simple sentences, placing three in ten adults at risk for in everyday tasks like form completion. Among 16- to 24-year-olds in the state, including Los Angeles youth, those at the lowest levels rose from 16% in 2017 to 25% in 2023, despite high school completion rates exceeding 80%, highlighting gaps between credentialing and skill acquisition. Student literacy proficiency, measured via state assessments, shows recent gains amid policy shifts toward phonics-based instruction. In LAUSD, English language arts scores for 2024-2025 marked the district's highest ever, with improvements across low-performing schools following targeted reforms and equity-focused funding. Statewide, California reported significant literacy score increases for the same year, prompting legislative expansions in evidence-based reading strategies for teacher training. However, these upticks follow decades of below-proficient baselines on metrics like the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), where California's average literacy scores lag national medians, particularly for Hispanic and limited-English-proficient subgroups comprising over 70% of LAUSD students.

Economic Indicators

Income Distribution and Median Earnings

In 2023, the median household income in Los Angeles city was $80,366, marking a 4.3% increase from $77,035 in 2020 after inflation adjustment. This value exceeds the national median of approximately $74,580 but lags behind California's state median of $91,905, reflecting the city's concentration of lower-wage service and alongside high-cost living expenses that erode . Household income distribution exhibits significant skewness, with the lowest quintile (bottom 20% of households) recording a income of $14,164, while the top quintile commands a disproportionately larger share, underscoring structural factors such as dual-income professional households in enclaves like Beverly Hills contrasting with single-earner or informal labor in areas like . The for household income inequality in stood at 0.526 in the latest available data, a level indicative of high disparity where the top earners—often in , , and —capture over half of aggregate income, compared to more equitable distributions in Midwestern cities (Gini around 0.40). This metric, derived from tabulations, has remained elevated since the , driven by factors including immigration patterns supplying low-skill labor and limited upward mobility in segmented markets, rather than uniform growth across brackets. Median earnings for full-time, year-round workers aged 16 and older in approximated $46,589 in 2023, slightly below the state figure of $48,013 but aligned with metro-area patterns influenced by part-time gig work and unionized sectors like . workers earned a median of about $52,000, compared to $42,000 for females, a gap persisting due to in male-dominated trades versus female concentrations in and healthcare support roles. , at roughly $36,978, further illustrates the burden on non-working dependents and part-time earners, with disparities amplified by age cohorts: younger workers (under 25) median around $25,000, versus $60,000+ for those 45-64.
Income MetricValue (2023)Comparison
Median Household Income$80,366+4.3% from 2020; below CA state median
Gini Coefficient0.526High inequality; top 20% mean >> bottom 20% ($14,164)
Median Individual Earnings (workers 16+)$46,589: ~$52,000; : ~$42,000
$36,978Reflects dependents and part-time work prevalence

Poverty Rates and Disparities

In city, the poverty rate was 16.3% during the 2018–2022 period, impacting 633,702 individuals out of a total population of approximately 3.8 million, based on 5-year estimates. This figure exceeds the national average of 12.5% for 2022 and reflects concentrations in urban areas with limited . Poverty exhibits stark disparities across racial and ethnic groups, with higher rates among Black and Hispanic residents compared to non-Hispanic Whites and Asians. In Los Angeles County, which includes the city and shares similar demographic patterns, the 2022 poverty rate for Black individuals was more than double that of non-Hispanic Whites, while the rate for Hispanics was 1.6 times higher, according to U.S. Census Bureau data. These differences persist after controlling for factors like education and family structure, though official statistics do not always disaggregate city-level rates by race due to sample size limitations in annual surveys. Statewide patterns under the federal measure align, showing elevated poverty among Hispanics (around 17–18%) and Blacks (around 17–22%) relative to Whites (around 8–13%) and Asians (around 9–12%), influenced by immigration status, household composition, and labor market segmentation. Children face elevated poverty risks, with 22% of those in Los Angeles city living below the federal in 2022, compared to 16% statewide—often tied to single-parent households and reliance on low-wage service jobs prevalent in the local . By education, poverty correlates inversely with attainment: individuals without a experience rates over 25% in urban contexts, dropping to under 5% for those with bachelor's degrees or higher, underscoring human capital's role in economic outcomes. Recent data indicate modest declines in county-wide poverty to 13.6% in 2023, but city rates remain elevated amid housing costs and sectoral shifts.

Employment Sectors and Unemployment Rates

The unemployment rate in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim was 5.9 percent in August 2025, with 400,000 individuals unemployed out of a civilian labor force of 6.8 million. This rate reflects a slight increase from 4.8 percent in April 2025, amid broader economic pressures including and sector-specific slowdowns in and . Nonfarm payroll employment in the area totaled 6.3 million in August 2025, with comprising the largest sector at 1.3 million jobs, driven by hospitals, clinics, and educational institutions. Trade, transportation, and utilities followed with 1.1 million positions, bolstered by the as a major international gateway handling over 9 million TEUs annually. Professional and business services accounted for 957,000 jobs, encompassing legal, consulting, and administrative roles concentrated in and tech-adjacent areas. Other key sectors include:
SectorEmployment (thousands, August 2025)
Leisure and Hospitality783.4
742.6
452.4
Financial Activities304.4
249.0
210.4
Other Services213.0
Manufacturing remains notable for apparel, , and , while the information sector captures media and , though it has not fully recovered pre-pandemic levels due to streaming shifts and production disruptions. employment, primarily local and state, provides stability but faces budget constraints from high pension obligations. These distributions highlight Los Angeles's service-oriented , with vulnerabilities in cyclical industries like exposed during economic downturns.

Religious Affiliation

Major Religious Groups

Approximately 55% of adults in the Los Angeles metro area identify as , according to the Pew Research Center's 2023-2024 Religious Landscape Study, a decline from 65% reported in the 2014 study for the same area. Roman Catholics represent the largest , comprising about 32% of the population in 2014 per Pew self-identification data and corroborated by 3,148,829 adherents reported in the 2020 U.S. Census for Los Angeles County, which had a total population of 10,014,009. This predominance aligns with the county's large Hispanic or Latino population, which constitutes nearly half of residents and historically affiliates strongly with Catholicism. Protestant denominations, including evangelical and mainline traditions, account for the remainder of , with non-denominational congregations reporting 378,500 adherents—the second-largest group after Catholics—and Southern at 118,072 adherents in the 2020 census. Non-Christian religious groups constitute about 10% of the metro area's adults per the 2023-2024 study. Judaism claims 3% of adults, supported by a historically significant community concentrated in areas like the Westside and , though exact adherent counts vary due to diverse observance levels. also holds 3%, reflecting Asian American immigration, with over 97,000 adherents countywide—9% of the national Buddhist total—and traditions alone reporting 56,760 adherents. form 1%, with 142,661 adherents noted in 2020, while account for another 1%, tied to South Asian populations. Smaller groups include Latter-day Saints (124,938 adherents) and (116,034 adherents). The 2020 U.S. Census tallies 5,111,616 total adherents across 372 groups in the county, equating to a 51% adherence rate against the full , underscoring substantial non-reporting of unaffiliated individuals in congregation-based data. These figures derive from organizational reports rather than population surveys, potentially undercounting loosely affiliated or cultural adherents while providing robust counts for organized bodies. In the Los Angeles metro area, 32% of adults identified as religiously unaffiliated in the Pew Research Center's 2023-2024 Religious Landscape Study, including 6% atheists, 7% agnostics, and 19% who described themselves as "nothing in particular." This figure exceeds the national average of 28% unaffiliated adults reported in the same study, reflecting urban demographic patterns associated with higher secularization. Metrics of have declined markedly since 2014. The share of adults reporting that is very important in their lives fell from 47% to 30%, while weekly attendance at religious services dropped from 34% to 19%. Belief in God with absolute certainty decreased from 53% to 43% over the same period. These shifts parallel national patterns of disaffiliation, driven by factors such as generational turnover—with younger cohorts showing lower attachment—and cultural influences in diverse, cosmopolitan areas like , though recent national data indicate a possible plateau in overall Christian decline since 2021. Congregational data provide an alternative measure, with the 2020 U.S. Religion reporting 5,111,616 adherents in County out of a of 10,014,009, yielding an adherence rate of 510.6 per 1,000 residents or approximately 51%. This implies about 49% non-adherents based on church-reported figures, which typically undercount self-identified affiliates compared to survey methods like Pew's. Adherent counts from denominations, including Catholics (3,148,829) and Protestants (378,500), highlight persistent but underscore the gap with broader non-affiliation trends.

References

  1. https://datausa.io/profile/geo/los-angeles-ca
  2. https://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/california/los-angeles
  3. https://planning.lacity.gov/resources/demographics
  4. https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2025/vintage-2024-popest.html
  5. http://www.laalmanac.com/population/po02.php
  6. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html
  7. https://www.citypopulation.de/en/usa/california/california/0644000__los_angeles/
  8. https://www.ppic.org/publication/whats-behind-californias-recent-population-decline-and-why-it-matters/
  9. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/recent-immigration-brought-a-population-rebound-to-americas-major-metro-areas-new-census-data-show/
  10. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2025/04/metro-area-trends.html
  11. https://nchstats.com/los-angeles-population/
  12. http://www.laalmanac.com/population/po39.php
  13. https://www.ppic.org/publication/californias-population/
  14. https://statisticalatlas.com/place/California/Los-Angeles/Population
  15. http://www.mulhollandinstitute.org/Overview/Index_Overview.html
  16. http://www.laalmanac.com/population/po24la.php
  17. https://demographia.com/db-la-area.pdf
  18. https://labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/file/Census2022/losangelescitydp2022.pdf
  19. https://www.california-demographics.com/los-angeles-demographics
  20. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/data.html
  21. http://www.laalmanac.com/population/po20.php
  22. https://usafacts.org/data/topics/people-society/population-and-demographics/our-changing-population/state/california/county/los-angeles-county/
  23. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/09/2020-census-dhc-a-hispanic-population.html
  24. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/10/22/key-facts-about-us-latinos/
  25. https://iir.gmu.edu/immigrant-stories-dc-baltimore/el-salvador/el-salvador-salvadoran-population-in-the-washington-dc-and-baltimore-md-metro-areas
  26. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/08/16/11-facts-about-hispanic-origin-groups-in-the-us/
  27. https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B02018
  28. https://ajsocal.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/AAPIs_A_Diverse_and_Growing_Force_in_LA.pdf
  29. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2023/09/2020-census-dhc-a-asian-population.html
  30. https://www.neilsberg.com/insights/lists/armenian-population-in-united-states-by-city/
  31. https://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/mapping-the-iranian-diaspora-in-america
  32. https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/2021/geo/demographicmapviewer.html
  33. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/los-angeles-in-focus-a-profile-from-census-2000/
  34. http://www.newamericaneconomy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/LA.pdf
  35. https://planning.lacity.gov/odocument/e62b0360-9669-4198-aafb-5cb66ed4bed7/standard_report2020.pdf
  36. http://censusreporter.org/profiles/16000US0644000-los-angeles-ca/
  37. http://www.laalmanac.com/population/po22b.php
  38. http://www.laalmanac.com/population/po23.htm
  39. https://dornsife.usc.edu/eri/wp-content/uploads/sites/41/2023/01/SOILA_2022_Full_v21.pdf
  40. http://censusreporter.org/profiles/05000US06037-los-angeles-county-ca/
  41. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NETMIGNACS006037
  42. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/demo/geographic-mobility/county-to-county-migration-2016-2020.html
  43. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/geographic-mobility/state-to-state-migration.html
  44. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-03-31/los-angeles-county-lost-more-people-than-any-county-in-america-in-2021-22
  45. https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2024/population-estimates-more-counties-population-gains-2023.html
  46. https://www.census.gov/topics/population/migration/guidance/county-to-county-migration-flows.html
  47. https://www.census.gov/topics/population/migration.html
  48. https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/demographics/estimates/e-2/
  49. http://www.laalmanac.com/population/po47a.php
  50. https://kesq.com/stacker-los-angeles/2022/10/20/most-common-languages-spoken-at-home-in-greater-los-angeles-and-surrounding-regions/
  51. https://labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/file/Census2023/losangelescitydp2023.pdf
  52. https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/people-that-speak-english-less-than-very-well.html
  53. http://www.laalmanac.com/LA/la10.php
  54. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3552496/
  55. https://edsource.org/2025/schools-in-california-english-learners-demographic-trends/735240
  56. https://data.lacounty.gov/maps/lacounty::population-with-limited-english-proficiency
  57. https://statisticalatlas.com/place/California/Los-Angeles/Household-Types
  58. https://censusreporter.org/profiles/16000US0644000-los-angeles-ca/
  59. https://statisticalatlas.com/place/California/Los-Angeles/Marital-Status
  60. https://www.marchofdimes.org/peristats/data?reg=99&top=2&stop=1&lev=1&slev=6&obj=8&sreg=06&creg=06037
  61. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/state-stats/births/fertility-rate.html
  62. http://www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/epi/docs/birth_trends_health_brief_final.pdf
  63. https://statisticalatlas.com/place/California/Los-Angeles/Educational-Attainment
  64. https://edsource.org/2022/schools-adapt-in-a-shrinking-los-angeles-unified/672760
  65. https://www.lausd.org/opendata
  66. https://www.ppic.org/publication/factors-and-future-projections-for-k-12-declining-enrollment/
  67. https://www.ppic.org/blog/shifting-school-enrollment-trends-across-californias-regions/
  68. https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/demographics/public-k-12-graded-enrollment/
  69. https://www.ed-data.org/county/los-angeles
  70. https://edsource.org/2025/california-school-enrollment-decline/733193
  71. https://worldpopulationreview.com/state-rankings/us-literacy-rates-by-state
  72. http://www.laalmanac.com/education/ed33a.php
  73. https://edsource.org/updates/california-has-the-lowest-literacy-rate-of-any-state-data-suggests
  74. https://www.laschoolreport.com/many-young-adults-barely-literate-yet-earned-a-high-school-diploma/
  75. https://www.the74million.org/article/historic-los-angeles-testing-gains-lift-even-the-lowest-performing-schools/
  76. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/los-angeles-unified-school-district-reports-growth-in-literacy-and-math-through-equity-funding-and-classroom-reforms/articleshow/124820869.cms
  77. https://www.gov.ca.gov/2025/10/09/governor-newsom-announces-california-student-test-scores-improve-significantly-signs-legislation-to-further-bolster-student-literacy-success/
  78. https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/piaac/skillsmap/src/PDF/STATE.pdf
  79. https://www.neilsberg.com/insights/los-angeles-ca-median-household-income/
  80. https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2024/demo/p60-282.pdf
  81. https://www.neilsberg.com/research/datasets/48307c46-f81d-11ef-a994-3860777c1fe6/
  82. https://statisticalatlas.com/place/California/Los-Angeles/Household-Income
  83. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/industry-occupation/median-earnings.html
  84. https://datacommons.org/place/geoId/0644000
  85. https://planning.lacity.gov/odocument/f3a41d28-6c8f-4ff8-a3e7-fb6475be5b3d/standard_report2022_citywide.pdf
  86. https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2023/demo/p60-280.pdf
  87. http://www.laalmanac.com/social/so722.php
  88. https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/historical-poverty-people.html
  89. https://la.myneighborhooddata.org/poverty-summit-dashboard/
  90. https://datausa.io/profile/geo/los-angeles-county-ca
  91. https://www.bls.gov/eag/eag.ca_losangeles_msa.htm
  92. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LOSA106URN
  93. https://www.pewresearch.org/religious-landscape-study/metro-area/los-angeles-ca/
  94. http://www.laalmanac.com/religion/re00.php
  95. https://www.thearda.com/us-religion/census/congregational-membership?y=2020&t=0&c=06037
  96. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2024/01/24/religious-nones-in-america-who-they-are-and-what-they-believe/
  97. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/02/26/decline-of-christianity-in-the-us-has-slowed-may-have-leveled-off/
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.