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Colby, Kansas
Colby, Kansas
Colby, Kansas
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Colby is a city in and the county seat of Thomas County, Kansas, United States.[1] As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 5,570.[3][4]

Key Information

History

[edit]

In 1882, a post office was established near the center of Thomas County. Area homesteaders lived under harsh conditions in sod houses, creating demand for a town to provide lumber and other provisions to incoming settlers. J.R. Colby, a local land assessor and preacher, obtained a patent to establish the town in April 1884, and land was acquired for the town site three miles north of the post office in March 1885. The following month, the Kansas Secretary of State issued the Town Charter. Kansas Gov. John Martin named Colby the county seat in 1885, and the city was incorporated in 1886. The Union Pacific Railroad reached the city in 1887, and the Rock Island Railroad followed the next year.[5]

In 1941 the St. Thomas Hospital was built as part of the Works Progress Administration plan to build hospitals. This was one of 130 new hospitals to be built with these funds, it was one of two built in Kansas alone. Within the last couple of years, it was renovated to apartments under the name St. Thomas Historic Residences. [6]

Interstate 70 reached Colby in 1965, stimulating the growth of a local hospitality industry.[7]

Geography

[edit]

Colby lies on the south side of Prairie Dog Creek, a tributary of the Republican River, in the High Plains region of the Great Plains.[8] A small tributary of the creek flows northeast through the town.[9] Located at the interchange of Interstate 70 and K-25 in northwestern Kansas, Colby is 212 mi (341 km) east-southeast of Denver, 232 mi (373 km) northwest of Wichita, and 347 mi (558 km) west of Kansas City.[8][10]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.38 square miles (8.75 km2), all land.[11]

Climate

[edit]

Colby has a transitional climate between a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa) and a semiarid climate (Köppen BSk) with hot summers and cold, dry winters. The hottest temperature recorded in Colby was 113 °F (45.0 °C) on July 25, 1940, and 28 June 2012, while the coldest temperature recorded was −32 °F (−35.6 °C) on December 22, 1989.[12]

Climate data for Colby, Kansas, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 83
(28) 		85
(29) 		94
(34) 		98
(37) 		103
(39) 		113
(45) 		113
(45) 		110
(43) 		108
(42) 		97
(36) 		91
(33) 		83
(28) 		113
(45)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 67.0
(19.4) 		71.4
(21.9) 		81.8
(27.7) 		87.7
(30.9) 		94.2
(34.6) 		101.4
(38.6) 		102.8
(39.3) 		100.6
(38.1) 		97.3
(36.3) 		91.1
(32.8) 		77.6
(25.3) 		67.7
(19.8) 		104.4
(40.2)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 43.0
(6.1) 		45.7
(7.6) 		56.2
(13.4) 		64.7
(18.2) 		74.3
(23.5) 		86.4
(30.2) 		91.0
(32.8) 		88.4
(31.3) 		81.3
(27.4) 		68.3
(20.2) 		54.3
(12.4) 		44.1
(6.7) 		66.5
(19.2)
Daily mean °F (°C) 29.0
(−1.7) 		31.6
(−0.2) 		40.8
(4.9) 		49.5
(9.7) 		60.1
(15.6) 		71.8
(22.1) 		76.7
(24.8) 		74.1
(23.4) 		65.8
(18.8) 		52.2
(11.2) 		39.5
(4.2) 		30.2
(−1.0) 		51.8
(11.0)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 15.1
(−9.4) 		17.4
(−8.1) 		25.5
(−3.6) 		34.4
(1.3) 		45.9
(7.7) 		57.2
(14.0) 		62.3
(16.8) 		59.8
(15.4) 		50.3
(10.2) 		36.2
(2.3) 		24.7
(−4.1) 		16.4
(−8.7) 		37.1
(2.8)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −3.8
(−19.9) 		−0.7
(−18.2) 		6.8
(−14.0) 		18.5
(−7.5) 		30.3
(−0.9) 		43.5
(6.4) 		51.8
(11.0) 		49.6
(9.8) 		35.4
(1.9) 		19.7
(−6.8) 		7.7
(−13.5) 		−2.3
(−19.1) 		−9.4
(−23.0)
Record low °F (°C) −28
(−33) 		−31
(−35) 		−22
(−30) 		−1
(−18) 		17
(−8) 		33
(1) 		38
(3) 		39
(4) 		21
(−6) 		1
(−17) 		−11
(−24) 		−32
(−36) 		−32
(−36)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.41
(10) 		0.56
(14) 		0.92
(23) 		1.97
(50) 		2.92
(74) 		2.62
(67) 		3.81
(97) 		3.04
(77) 		1.44
(37) 		1.56
(40) 		0.63
(16) 		0.51
(13) 		20.39
(518)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 5.1
(13) 		5.8
(15) 		4.2
(11) 		2.2
(5.6) 		0.7
(1.8) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.2
(0.51) 		1.6
(4.1) 		3.5
(8.9) 		3.9
(9.9) 		27.2
(69.81)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 3.0 4.1 4.9 6.8 10.3 8.6 9.3 8.3 5.5 5.8 3.7 3.2 73.5
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 2.7 3.3 2.1 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.9 2.6 14.6
Source: NOAA[13][12][14]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1890516—
190064124.2%
19101,13076.3%
19201,114−1.4%
19302,15393.3%
19402,45814.2%
19503,85957.0%
19604,2109.1%
19704,65810.6%
19805,54419.0%
19905,396−2.7%
20005,4501.0%
20105,387−1.2%
20205,5703.4%
2023 (est.)5,589[15]0.3%
U.S. Decennial Census
2010-2020[4]

2020 census

[edit]

The 2020 United States census counted 5,570 people, 2,199 households, and 1,331 families in Colby.[16][17] The population density was 1,555.4 per square mile (600.6/km2). There were 2,496 housing units at an average density of 697.0 per square mile (269.1/km2).[17][18] The racial makeup was 88.73% (4,942) white or European American (86.32% non-Hispanic white), 1.76% (98) black or African-American, 0.79% (44) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.61% (34) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 2.39% (133) from other races, and 5.73% (319) from two or more races.[19] Hispanic or Latino of any race was 8.11% (452) of the population.[20]

Of the 2,199 households, 29.7% had children under the age of 18; 45.5% were married couples living together; 27.8% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 32.9% of households consisted of individuals and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[17] The average household size was 2.2 and the average family size was 2.7.[21] The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 14.2% of the population.[22]

23.4% of the population was under the age of 18, 13.8% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.5 males.[17] For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 113.4 males.[17]

The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $62,001 (with a margin of error of +/- $7,250) and the median family income was $74,980 (+/- $13,070).[23] Males had a median income of $45,696 (+/- $10,972) versus $28,368 (+/- $5,092) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $32,780 (+/- $3,641).[24] Approximately, 6.3% of families and 7.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.4% of those under the age of 18 and 10.3% of those ages 65 or over.[25][26]

2010 census

[edit]

As of the census[27] of 2010, there were 5,387 people, 2,211 households, and 1,320 families residing in the city.[28] The population density was 1,593.8 inhabitants per square mile (615.4/km2). There were 2,423 housing units at an average density of 716.9 per square mile (276.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.7% White, 0.7% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.3% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.0% of the population.

There were 2,211 households, of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.0% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.3% were non-families. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.89.

The median age in the city was 34.5 years. 22.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 16.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.5% were from 25 to 44; 24.2% were from 45 to 64; and 15.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.0% male and 52.0% female.

Government

[edit]

Colby has a mayor-council form of government. Elected at-large, the mayor presides over the city council and has final approval over ordinances the council passes. The mayor shares responsibility for setting policy and approving the city budget with the council. With the council's consent, the mayor appoints all members of the city boards and, if necessary, serves as the tie-breaking vote on council business. The city council consists of eight members elected by ward every four years. The city manager is hired by the council and is responsible for preparing the budget, administering day-to-day operations, and managing city government personnel.[29]

Education

[edit]

Colleges and universities

[edit]

Primary and secondary education

[edit]

The community is served by Colby USD 315 public school district, and operates four public schools in the city:[30]

There are also two private schools in Colby:

  • Sacred Heart Catholic School (Pre-K-5).[31]
  • Heartland Christian School (K-12).[32]

Transportation

[edit]

Interstate 70 runs east–west, immediately south of Colby. U.S. Route 24 runs east–west through the city, intersecting K-25 which runs north–south.

Colby Municipal Airport is located on K-25, approximately two miles (3 km) north of the city.

Kyle Railroad operates rail via the former Rock Island Railroad, which runs east–west through Colby. A Union Pacific Railroad branch line ends in Colby, entering the city from the southeast.

Media

[edit]
Main article: Media in Colby, Kansas

The Colby Free Press is Colby's local newspaper, published four days a week.[33] In addition, Colby Community College publishes a bi-weekly student newspaper, the Trojan Express.[34]

Colby is a center of broadcast media for northwestern Kansas. One AM and four FM stations are licensed to and/or broadcast from the city.[35] Colby is in the Wichita-Hutchinson television market,[36] and two television stations broadcast from the city: KLBY, a satellite of the ABC affiliate in Wichita,[37] and KWKS, a satellite of Smoky Hills Public Television in Bunker Hill, Kansas.[38]

Points of interest

[edit]

The Prairie Museum of Art and History, 1905 S. Franklin St., serves as a cultural center. The museum is a private, nonprofit museum governed by the Thomas County Historical Society. The Society was founded in 1959 to preserve the history of Thomas County, Kansas. The museum occupies a 24-acre (97,000 m2) site just north of Interstate 70, between exits 53 and 54.[39] The Cooper Barn located at the museum complex is known as the "Largest Barn in Kansas."[40]

Thomas County Courthouse which was constructed in 1907 by local firms Holland, JC & Squires, Frank, Crosby, and L. & Son. It is currently listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is at 300 N. Court in Colby.[41] Other city buildings joining the courthouse on the National Register of Historic Places include the Colby Community High School at 750 West 3rd St. (which is now used as an elementary/junior high school), and the art-deco sand-colored Colby City Hall, which was built in the 1920s by the architecture firm Suite & Blanchard. Throughout its 80-year history, the city hall has served as a correctional facility, fire station, library and meeting hall.[41]

Another feature of Colby is Villa High Lake. The city-made reservoir is situated on the South Side of Villa High Park, which was created in the 1960s by the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks. The park has playground equipment, picnic shelters, disc golf, and fishing.[42]

Fike Park is located just north of City Hall at the intersection of Franklin Avenue and Eighth Street. The park area was formerly known as Carp Lake. The park has gazebos, a volleyball area, horseshoe pitching pits, and tennis courts. In 1998 and 1999, over $100,000 was raised by civic groups and parents, with assistance from the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks and the City of Colby, for new playground equipment. In 2000, the tennis courts in this area were replaced and are used by Colby Community College and Unified School District #315. Colby Swimming Pool was located just south of the park, but has since been converted into a parking lot.[citation needed]

Pioneer Memorial Library is at 375 W. 4th St., named in honor of the pioneers who built the community.[43]

Colby Aquatic Park was opened in 2012 at 1610 S. Franklin, featuring a lazy river, lap pool, water slides and curly slides.[44]

The Colby Event Center opened in July 2021. The facility features two gyms, meeting room space and indoor playground. The Event Center is home to all Colby High School and Colby Community College basketball and volleyball games.[45]

Notable people

[edit]
See also: List of Colby Community College notable people

Notable individuals who were born in and/or have lived in Colby include:

References

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Colby, Kansas

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Colby is a city in northwestern and the of Thomas County, with a population of 5,539 as of the 2024 U.S. Census estimate. Located along in the High Plains region, it serves as a commercial and agricultural hub for the surrounding rural area, known for its production of , corn, milo, sunflowers, , and . The city covers 3.58 square miles (9.27 km²), all land, and features a of $66,731 and a median age of 32.7 years among residents based on the 2019-2023 . Founded in April 1884 when J. R. Colby, a Civil War veteran and land assessor, secured a for the townsite on land donated by the , the settlement was initially established three miles north of an earlier . In 1885, Kansas Governor John A. Martin proclaimed Thomas County organized and designated Colby as the temporary , a status confirmed permanently by voter election later that year with 347 votes in favor. The town was incorporated in 1886, and the arrival of the in 1887 followed by the Rock Island Railroad in 1888 spurred rapid growth, boosting the population to around 1,900 by the late 1880s. The completion of in 1965 further enhanced connectivity and economic development, transforming Colby into a key stop for travelers across the plains. Economically, Colby remains centered on and , supporting local farmers through grain elevators, feedlots, and processing facilities, while also benefiting from and due to its position on major travel routes. Education plays a prominent role, with Colby Community College established in 1964 to provide higher education and vocational training to the region. Notable attractions include the Prairie Museum of Art and , which preserves local heritage through exhibits on pioneer life, farmsteads, and regional art, including the historic Cooper Barn; the museum highlights Colby's evolution from frontier settlement to modern community. The Thomas County Courthouse, built in 1906 in Romanesque Revival style and listed on the , stands as a symbol of the city's early governance and architectural legacy.

History

Founding and incorporation

Colby, , originated as a settlement in the spring of 1885 when the Colby Townsite Company, incorporated on April 16 of that year, purchased land and platted the town near the geographical center of Thomas County along Prairie Dog Creek. The effort was led by J.R. Colby, a Civil War veteran, local land assessor, and preacher who had secured a government patent for the site on April 10, 1884, and for whom the town was named; he received a business lot and residence as part of the development. Early homesteaders faced challenges including scarcity of timber and water, as well as land disputes between incoming farmers and established cattlemen, such as incidents where settlers shot stray cattle or faced violence from ranchers protecting grazing rights. Thomas County's population surged from about 160 residents in early 1885 to nearly 3,000 by year's end, driven by a broader influx of homesteaders to northwest following the opening of former Native American lands after the Indian era had largely concluded in the region by the late , with only minor reported scares and no significant ongoing tribal presence during the 1880s. On October 8, 1885, Governor John A. Martin proclaimed the organization of Thomas County after a confirmed over 1,900 inhabitants, designating Colby as the temporary and appointing initial officials. This status was made permanent in an election on November 17, 1885, with 347 votes cast, nearly unanimously selecting Colby as the . Colby was incorporated as a third-class under Kansas state on July 16, 1886, enabling formal and development, including the of the first county courthouse that same year through private donations. A more substantial Thomas County Courthouse, built from 1906 to 1907 at a cost of $48,327, replaced the original and was listed on the in 1976 for its architectural and historical significance. The arrival of the railroad in 1887 would later accelerate growth, but the founding period established Colby's foundational stability amid the harsh plains environment.

Railroad expansion and early growth

The arrival of the in Colby in 1887 marked a pivotal moment in the town's development, transforming it from a nascent agricultural settlement—founded just two years earlier in 1885—into a burgeoning commercial center. The Oakley-Colby Branch of the was completed in September 1887, providing essential connectivity that facilitated the influx of settlers and goods to northwest . This rail access spurred rapid trade and by linking remote farming areas to larger markets, encouraging in Thomas County and beyond. The subsequent extension of the Rock Island Railroad in 1888 further amplified this momentum, with three Union Pacific lines and the Rock Island operating through the area by that year, solidifying Colby's role as a regional transportation hub. These railroads shifted the local economy from toward rail-dependent commerce, enabling efficient shipping of , corn, and other grains from surrounding farms. Grain elevators proliferated to handle the increased volume, while —particularly and hogs—became a key export, with railroads serving as the primary conduit for moving herds to eastern markets and processing centers. By the early , this infrastructure supported a diverse array of businesses, including agricultural implement dealers, mills, and creameries, which catered to both local farmers and transient rail traffic. Colby's reflected this rail-driven expansion, growing from 516 residents in 1890 to 1,130 by 1910, amid booms tied to favorable harvests and improved connectivity. The completion of the Thomas County Courthouse in 1906–1907 exemplified this prosperity, as the county issued $50,000 in bonds for a grand Romanesque-style structure that symbolized civic stability and attracted further investment. As a central depot for Thomas County's farming communities, Colby facilitated the distribution of seeds, supplies, and machinery, fostering across the high plains and positioning the town as an indispensable node in Kansas's agricultural network.

20th and 21st century developments

In the early 1940s, Colby saw the construction of , a four-story Georgian Revival-style facility built in 1941 through the to serve as the community's primary medical center for nearly three decades. By the 2010s, the decommissioned hospital underwent renovation into , transforming it into St. Thomas Historic Residences with 47 low-income apartments using historic and federal tax credits to preserve its architecture while addressing housing needs. The mid-20th century brought major transportation advancements, building on the town's early rail foundations that facilitated subsequent upgrades. Interstate 70's completion through in 1965 significantly boosted Colby's connectivity, drawing increased traffic that supported growth in and by enabling easier access for travelers and visitors. Recreational infrastructure expanded in the with the opening of Colby Aquatic Park in 2012, featuring a , lap pool, and water slides to provide family-oriented amenities in the region's hot climate. In 2021, the Colby Event Center opened as a $15 million multi-purpose venue with two gyms, the main one accommodating up to 3,000 people for events like tournaments and concerts, fostering and visitor influx. Recent years have focused on and enhancements. In May 2024, the Estates development broke ground with a $4.5 million investment, creating 18 affordable two- and three-bedroom duplex units targeted at low-income families to meet growing residential demands. Concurrently, improvements, including expansions and upgrades in 2024, have aimed to attract businesses by improving access and supporting . In November 2022, Citizens Medical Center received a $108 million grant from the U.S. Department of to construct a new 180,000-square-foot replacement and . Construction began in May 2024, with the facility anticipated to open in 2026, consolidating services including emergency care, inpatient beds, and surgery.

Geography

Location and physical features

Colby is located in Thomas County in the northwest region of , at coordinates 39°23′05″N 101°02′43″W. As the , it lies approximately 212 miles east-southeast of . The city is positioned in the High Plains section of the physiographic province, characterized by nearly flat to gently rolling uplands that slope eastward at a rate exceeding 12 feet per mile. The total area of Colby measures 3.58 square miles, with virtually all of it consisting of land and no significant water bodies within city limits. It is situated south of Prairie Dog Creek, a tributary of the whose headwaters originate in Thomas County, at an elevation of approximately 3,160 feet above . The surrounding landscape features the flat terrain typical of the High Plains, which supports extensive agriculture through its stable, gently undulating topography. This region forms part of the ecosystem, dominated by drought-resistant grasses adapted to the semi-arid conditions of western . Colby's boundaries are defined within Thomas County, with nearby communities including Oakley, about 22 miles to the east in Logan County, and Goodland, roughly 39 miles to the west in Sherman County. The city intersects with , a major east-west corridor traversing the High Plains.

Climate

Colby, Kansas, experiences a transitional climate between humid continental and semiarid, classified under the Köppen system as BSk (cold semi-arid ) with elements of Dfb (cold humid continental), characterized by hot summers and cold winters. This classification reflects the location's position on the High Plains, which contributes to aridity through elevation and continental influences. The average annual precipitation is approximately 20.4 inches, with the majority occurring during spring and summer months, particularly May through , when thunderstorms are common. Average annual snowfall totals around 25 inches, primarily falling from November through March. Seasonal temperature variations are pronounced, with featuring an average high of 93°F and an average low of 15°F. The record high temperature is 113°F, reached on July 25, 1940, and again on June 28, 2012, while the record low is -32°F, set on December 22, 1989. As part of the , Colby lies within , subjecting it to a notable risk of tornadoes, especially during spring and early summer.

Demographics

The population of Colby, Kansas, has experienced steady growth over more than a century, reflecting its development as a regional hub in northwest . Historical data indicate a population of 516 in 1890, shortly after the city's incorporation in 1886, which increased to 1,130 by amid the railroad boom that facilitated agricultural expansion and settlement in Thomas County. By 1920, the figure stood at 1,114, followed by significant rises to 2,153 in 1930 and 2,458 in 1940, driven by rail infrastructure that connected the area to broader markets. Post-World War II prosperity further accelerated expansion, with the population reaching 3,859 in 1950 and 4,210 in 1960, as farming and related industries solidified the local economy.
Census YearPopulation
19101,130
19201,114
19302,153
19402,458
19503,859
19604,210
19704,658
19805,544
19905,510
20005,443
20105,387
20205,570
The table above summarizes decennial figures from 1910 to 2020, sourced from U.S. Census Bureau data compiled by the Institute for Policy & Social Research. Growth moderated in later decades, with the population hovering around 5,400 to 5,500 from 1990 to 2010 before a slight rebound to 5,570 in 2020. The 2023 estimate places it at 5,582, indicating ongoing stability. Key factors have underpinned this trajectory, including early rail expansions that spurred initial booms by enabling grain and livestock transport, and the completion of in 1965, which enhanced accessibility and supported commerce without the severe declines seen in many isolated rural communities. More recently, enrollment surges at Colby Community College—such as a 10.7% increase in full-time equivalency to 995 students in fall 2025, marking the highest growth among community colleges—have bolstered local vitality by attracting young residents and fostering economic ties. Projections suggest Colby's population will continue recent trends of modest decline, influenced by regional migration patterns and ongoing housing developments amid broader rural challenges. In comparison, Thomas County as a whole recorded 7,930 residents in 2020, with forecasts indicating a modest decline to 7,633 by 2032 due to out-migration. This contrasts with statewide rural trends, where 78 of Kansas's 105 counties lost between 2020 and 2022, often exceeding 10% in remote areas, highlighting Colby's relative resilience.

2020 census

As of the , Colby had a total of 5,570 residents. The was 1,560 people per . There were 2,387 , with an average size of 2.24 persons. The median income in Colby was $62,001, according to the 2016-2020 estimates associated with the . The poverty rate stood at 11.5 percent. Homeownership was reported at 62 percent of occupied housing units. In terms of age distribution, 24.5 percent of the population was under 18 years old, 55.2 percent were between 18 and 64 years, and 20.3 percent were 65 years and older. The racial makeup was 89.3% , 1.8% or African American, 0.7% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.1% , 2.5% from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. or Latino of any race were 7.9% of the . The total number of units was 2,654. Recent growth in housing stock has been linked to local affordability initiatives, such as the Willow Estates development, which added 18 affordable two- and three-bedroom units in 2024 to address community needs. The 2020 population reflected a slight increase from the 2010 figure.

2010 census

As of the , the population of Colby, Kansas, was 5,387, marking a modest decline from 5,443 in 2000 and indicating a slower growth phase amid the post-2000 . The city's stood at 1,594 people per over a land area of approximately 3.38 . The census enumerated 2,423 total housing units, of which 2,175 were occupied households, yielding an average household size of 2.35 persons. According to contemporaneous American Community Survey (ACS) 2006-2010 estimates, the median household income was $45,156, the poverty rate was 12.8%, and the homeownership rate was 58%. In terms of age distribution, 23.1% of residents were under 18 years old, 54.8% were aged 18 to 64, and 22.1% were 65 and older, reflecting a relatively balanced demographic profile with a notable proportion of working-age adults. The racial makeup was 92.5% White, 0.9% Black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.2% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.3% of the population.

Economy

Major industries and employers

Colby's economy is anchored by service-oriented sectors, with and social assistance leading as the largest employer in 2023, supporting 509 jobs within the city's workforce of approximately 2,839 people. Key institutions in this sector include Citizens Medical Center, a critical access that employed 547 staff members in 2023 and provides essential medical services to the region. Educational services follow closely, accounting for 386 positions, driven by institutions like , which serves as a major hub for higher education and vocational training. Retail trade rounds out the top sectors with 365 employees, bolstered by chain stores such as that cater to local residents and travelers. Agriculture forms the foundational economic base for Colby and surrounding Thomas County, where wheat production dominates as the primary , supplemented by significant corn and cultivation, as well as extensive ranching for . These activities support local processing facilities and contribute to the broader ecosystem, though direct farm employment within remains limited compared to rural areas. The sector's influence extends to related services, including equipment sales and feed operations, underscoring Colby's role in northwest Kansas's agrarian economy. Other industries play supporting roles, with limited manufacturing focused on —exemplified by operations like —and services enhanced by the steady flow of traffic along I-70. Among the city's top employers, stands out for its recent expansion, reporting a 10.7% increase in enrollment from fall 2024 to fall 2025, the highest among public institutions. The 315 employs over 150 staff to serve more than 900 students across pre-K through grade 12, while retail outlets like and provide additional opportunities in consumer-facing roles. Local government services also contribute modestly to the landscape through administrative and positions.

Recent economic initiatives

In May 2024, Sunflower Bank committed $4.5 million in financing to the Willow Estates development in Colby, consisting of nine duplexes providing 18 units of two- and three-bedroom homes targeted at low- to moderate-income households, including larger families. The project, developed by Excel Development Group, received a groundbreaking ceremony that month and a ribbon-cutting in August 2025, addressing local housing shortages amid broader state initiatives for over 2,100 affordable units funded in 2023. In late 2023, the USDA awarded approximately $6.6 million statewide for economic projects through loans and grants, including $4 million to support the construction of two new hotels in Colby to bolster and traveler services along Interstate 70. These developments, financed in part by low-interest USDA (REDLG) loans sponsored by S&T Bank, enhanced lodging options south of the interstate, contributing to the area's appeal as a stopover for I-70 traffic. The hotels were planned for completion by early 2025 but as of November 2025, at least one remains under construction, integrating with local attractions like the Oasis district. Colby Municipal Airport underwent recent infrastructure upgrades to attract economic activity, including completed rehabilitations of taxiways and aprons in 2024, along with additions to hangar space for aviation users. In August 2025, the city approved a Federal Aviation Administration grant agreement for up to $190,266 in project design funds under the Airport Improvement Program, focusing on design for constructing a new box hangar to support business operations. These improvements complement the surrounding industrial park, which remains open for aviation-related and general business development to foster job growth and investment. Local retail expansion gained momentum with Mokas Coffee & Eatery, which operates a location in Colby and marked its 20th anniversary in November 2025 by announcing a national franchise model, including a multi-unit agreement for new sites in . This growth, originating from a single Salina café in , signals broader retail vitality in Colby through expanded eatery options and community celebrations. The Thomas County Economic Development Alliance has prioritized business retention and attraction since 2023, coordinating local resources to support expansions like and projects while the county's transportation advantages for new investments. In 2024 and 2025, efforts included partnerships for workforce development and site readiness, aiding initiatives in and to sustain economic momentum. These activities tie into complementary growth in health services, such as nearby clinic enhancements, to support a balanced local economy.

Government

City administration

Colby operates under a mayor-council-manager form of government, where the is elected at-large to a four-year term and presides over the . The consists of eight members, with two elected from each of four wards, also serving four-year terms. The , currently Ron Alexander, is appointed by the to oversee daily operations, including the preparation of the annual . The involves public work sessions and a formal hearing for resident input before adoption; for instance, the 2025 budget hearing occurred on September 2. The city maintains several key departments to support operations. Public works handles infrastructure maintenance, street repairs, and utility services. The police department employs approximately 12 officers to ensure public safety. The fire department is primarily volunteer-based, supplemented by a small number of full-time staff, providing fire suppression, rescue, and hazardous materials response. The planning commission, a joint city-county body, convenes monthly to review zoning, development proposals, and land-use plans. Recent administrative policies include adjustments to sanitation collection for holidays, such as delaying Monday routes to Tuesday following observances like , and a for Lineman Appreciation Day on April 18, 2024, recognizing utility workers.

Role as county seat

Colby serves as the of Thomas County, , hosting the Thomas County Courthouse at 300 North Court Avenue, which was constructed between 1906 and 1907 and listed on the in 1976. As the administrative hub, the courthouse houses facilities for managing county records through the Register of Deeds office, judicial proceedings in the district court, and elections overseen by the and Officer. These operations ensure centralized access to vital government services for the county's approximately 7,800 residents as of 2024. The county government is led by a Board of County Commissioners consisting of three elected officials, one from each , who oversee , budgeting, and administration from offices in Colby. The Thomas County Sheriff's Office, also based in Colby, provides law enforcement, jail operations, and emergency services across the rural county. Additionally, the K-State Research and Extension office in Colby delivers agricultural support, including crop production guidance, livestock management, and community education programs tailored to the region's farming needs. County offices in Colby contribute to the local by employing staff who maintain essential services, such as the Road Department's oversight of over 113 miles of roads and 118 miles of asphalt in rural areas. This infrastructure support facilitates and transportation in Thomas County's expansive rural landscape. The and county collaborate through the Colby/Thomas County Metropolitan Area Planning Commission, which coordinates on developments like housing projects and community events to promote balanced growth.

Education

Higher education

Colby Community College, established in 1964 as a two-year public institution in Colby, Kansas, serves over 2,200 students annually as of 2025 across its approximately 60-acre main campus and a 60-acre agricultural center. The college offers associate degrees, certificates, and transfer programs tailored to regional needs, with key offerings in , , and that prepare students for careers in healthcare, , and creative fields. For fall 2025, the college reported a preliminary 10.7% increase in (FTE) enrollment, the highest among all public postsecondary institutions, reflecting its strong regional appeal amid statewide trends of stable or declining numbers elsewhere. It is the only in to experience consistent enrollment growth since 2014. This underscores the institution's focus on accessible education, including online options and dual-credit opportunities for high school students from feeder districts. Key facilities include the Trojan Arena within the Colby Event Center, which supports athletic and community events, and the technical center housing programs in STEM and applied sciences. The college maintains transfer partnerships with through 2+2 articulation agreements, enabling seamless progression to bachelor's degrees in fields like and business. As a major employer in the local education sector, which supports 386 jobs in Colby as of 2023, the contributes significantly to the by providing workforce training aligned with industries such as healthcare and , with graduates earning an average of $80,224 annually—the highest in community colleges.

Primary and secondary schools

Public education in Colby is provided by 315 (USD 315), which operates three s: Colby Elementary School (grades PK-4, enrolling 399 students), Colby Middle School (grades 5-8, enrolling 273 students), and Colby Senior High School (grades 9-12, enrolling 272 students), serving a total of 944 students during the 2023-2024 school year. The district employs 65 classroom teachers, resulting in a student-teacher ratio of 14:1. Colby Senior High School reports a four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate of 92% for the class of 2023. USD 315 facilities support a range of educational and extracurricular activities, with the 2025-2026 district calendar approved in 2025 and incorporating high school-specific events such as semester exams and . The high school fields competitive athletics teams under the Kansas State High School Activities Association (KSHSAA), including girls' in Class 3A, which participates in regional sub-state tournaments leading to state championships. These programs emphasize student development and community engagement in this rural setting. Private school options in Colby include Catholic School, a state-accredited non-public institution serving grades PreK-5 with approximately 67 students and focusing on faith-based elementary . Heartland Christian School provides from through grade 12 to about 74 students, emphasizing Christian values and holistic development in a single-campus environment. Both institutions contribute to the local educational landscape by offering alternatives to public schooling. As a rural , USD 315 faces challenges in maintaining enrollment stability amid population shifts and economic pressures. School activities often integrate with community events, such as local festivals and service projects, to strengthen ties and support student involvement. Many USD 315 graduates transition to nearby for postsecondary pathways.

Transportation

Highways and roads

Colby, Kansas, is served by a network of state and federal highways that provide essential east-west and north-south connectivity across the High Plains region. The primary east-west artery is (I-70), a major transcontinental route that passes directly through the city, facilitating long-distance travel between and points east toward Kansas City and beyond. Completed in the Colby area in as part of the broader interstate system, I-70 features key exits at mile markers 53 and 54, providing direct access to local businesses and services while handling substantial through traffic that supports the regional economy. Complementing I-70 are U.S. Route 24 (US-24), which parallels the interstate to the north and runs east-west through downtown Colby, connecting to nearby communities like Goodland and Hays, and Highway 25 (), a north-south route that intersects US-24 in the city center. extends northward from Colby into , linking to towns such as Atwood and providing vital access for agricultural transport and local commerce. These routes together form a crucial grid for freight movement, particularly for the area's grain and industries. Within the , approximately 45 miles of improved streets are maintained by the Colby Department, encompassing routine tasks such as repairs, street sweeping, pavement marking, and to ensure safe local mobility. Additionally, the department oversees about 19 lane miles of highway segments within the , including of and drainage along these corridors. The , especially I-70, has fostered a hospitality corridor in Colby, with numerous hotels, restaurants, and fuel stations clustered near exits to accommodate travelers, thereby boosting and service-sector jobs. This is complemented by rail and air options for broader regional .

Rail and air services

Colby is served by one primary rail carrier focused exclusively on freight transportation, with no passenger rail service available. The , a shortline operator and successor to the former Rock Island Railroad, provides local service primarily for grain shipments and serves the surrounding agricultural region. Rail transportation has been integral to Colby's development since the late ; the Union Pacific arrived in 1887, constructing a from Oakley to the site (now abandoned), followed by the Rock Island in 1888, which facilitated rapid growth in population and commerce. Air services in Colby are centered on the Colby Municipal Airport (FAA LID: KCBK), also known as Shalz Field, a public-use facility located two miles north of the city that supports general aviation operations. The airport features a primary concrete runway measuring 5,110 feet by 75 feet (17/35), along with two turf runways (12/30 at 2,660 feet by 90 feet and 04/22 at 2,600 feet by 80 feet), accommodating small aircraft, business jets, and flight training through its fixed-base operator, High Planes Aviation. No scheduled commercial passenger flights operate from the airport, which recorded approximately 5,550 aircraft operations in the year ending September 2021, predominantly general aviation. Recent federal funding, including a $200,280 Airport Improvement Program grant from the FAA in August 2025, supports ongoing infrastructure enhancements to maintain and expand general aviation capabilities. For larger aircraft or commercial needs, residents and businesses connect to Goodland Municipal Airport (GLD), located approximately 35 miles west of Colby, which offers additional services and limited regional connectivity. Highway intersections in the area facilitate multimodal freight transfers between rail, air, and road networks.

Media

The primary print media outlet in Colby is the Colby Free Press, a published four days a week that serves County and surrounding areas in northwest with coverage of , community events, , and regional news. Colby's radio landscape features one AM station, KXXX at 790 kHz, which broadcasts a mix of farm programming and music as the flagship of the Farm and Ranch , owned by a local group. Complementing this are four FM stations serving the community, also primarily owned by local entities like NWKS Radio, including KRDQ at 100.3 MHz (adult contemporary), KKCI at 102.5 MHz (), KWGB at 97.9 MHz (), and KTCC at 91.9 MHz (variety music from ). Television broadcasting in Colby includes two stations licensed to the city that serve northwest via over-the-air and satellite distribution. KLBY, on virtual channel 4, operates as an ABC affiliate owned by Lockwood Broadcast Group, providing network programming alongside local inserts on , , and community affairs. KWKS, on virtual channel 19, is a member station operated by Public Television Corporation, offering educational content, public affairs programs, and regional documentaries focused on life. These outlets emphasize related to proceedings, agricultural developments, and cultural events, with some extending coverage through digital platforms for online access.

Digital outlets

The digital media landscape in Colby, Kansas, primarily revolves around official websites and social media platforms that disseminate community updates, tourism information, and local news. The City of Colby's official website, cityofcolbyks.gov, serves as a central hub for governmental announcements and civic engagement. Similarly, the Colby Public Schools website, colbyeagles.org, offers news on educational events, enrollment details, and staff announcements, supporting parental and community involvement in primary and secondary education. Tourism and event promotion are key focuses of digital outlets like oasisontheplains.com, managed by the Colby Convention & Visitors Bureau (CVB), which features an events calendar, attraction guides, and lodging recommendations to draw visitors to the area. This site highlights upcoming community gatherings, such as the Parade on November 15, 2025, emphasizing Colby's role as an "Oasis on the Plains." Complementing these efforts, the Thomas County Alliance website, choosethomascounty.com, provides online resources for business news, job opportunities, and economic incentives, though local blogs and podcasts remain limited in scope and availability. Social media platforms extend these digital services, with the Colby CVB's page (@OasisonthePlains) actively posting event calendars, activity updates, and visitor tips to foster and . Colby Public Schools also maintains a presence (@ColbyPublicSchools) for sharing and announcements, reaching over 2,400 followers with real-time information on academic and extracurricular activities. Since , there has been a noticeable shift toward enhanced digital communication in small communities like Colby, with official sites increasingly integrating online calendars and alerts to supplement traditional print media such as the Colby Free Press. This evolution supports broader access to local information amid growing reliance on web-based platforms for announcements and promotions.

Culture and community

Points of interest

The Prairie Museum of Art and History, located on a 24-acre in Colby, serves as a key cultural hub showcasing the region's pioneer heritage through indoor galleries and outdoor exhibits. Its renowned Kuska Collection features approximately 28,000 items, including extensive displays of Kuska glassware, antique dolls, furniture, ceramics such as and pieces, toys, stamps, clocks, and coins, donated by local collectors Joe and Nellie Kuska. Local history exhibits highlight the lives of early settlers in western , with outdoor structures like the Cooper Barn—the state's largest barn and an architectural landmark—replicating 19th-century farm buildings and sod houses. Colby's parks provide recreational spaces amid the plains landscape, emphasizing family-friendly amenities and natural features. Fike Park, a 9.9-acre downtown green space, includes equipment, walking trails, areas, gazebos, courts, and horseshoe pits, serving as a popular spot for relaxation and community gatherings. Villa High Park, spanning 20 acres and developed in the late with assistance from the Department of Wildlife and Parks, centers around a 2-acre lake stocked with , , and for fishing, alongside , shelters, a course, and walking trails. The Thomas County Courthouse, a working building completed in 1906 with early 20th-century , offers visitors a glimpse into through its five-story and the front-lawn "Spirit of the Prairie" statue depicting a pioneer woman and child. Additional community facilities enhance Colby's recreational offerings. The Colby Event Center provides versatile indoor spaces, including multiple lobbies for meetings, a kitchen for concessions, and north and south gyms accommodating sports and gatherings for up to 400 people. The Colby Aquatic Park, which opened in 2012, features a 7,838-square-foot leisure pool with a , zero-depth entry, water slides including a family slide and speed slide, diving boards, and lap lanes for and play. These sites occasionally host community events, drawing locals and travelers alike.

Events and festivals

Colby hosts several annual events that highlight its agricultural heritage and community spirit. The Thomas County Fair, held annually in late July at the Thomas County Fairgrounds, features livestock shows, agricultural exhibits, competitions, and carnival rides, drawing local families and visitors to celebrate rural traditions. Other notable festivals include the Sunflower Festival in downtown Colby during the fourth weekend of August, which offers free children's activities, live music, vendor markets, and sunflower-themed displays along Interstate 70. The Pickin' on the Plains Bluegrass Festival takes place in early at Anton Park, providing family-friendly outdoor performances by regional bluegrass bands over a weekend. Sports and recreation play a key role in , particularly through the athletics programs at , known as the Trojans. The 2024-25 women's basketball season exemplified this, with the team competing in the , hosting home games at the Colby Event Center that foster local pride and attendance. The Department of Commerce's Community Impact Tours occasionally visit western communities like Colby to spotlight and quality-of-life initiatives, promoting recreational opportunities tied to regional growth. The serves as a primary venue for conventions, weddings, and meetings, accommodating up to 500 guests with facilities for banquets and events, often promoted through the Colby Convention & Visitors Bureau's "Oasis on the Plains" branding to attract regional gatherings. In 2025, Mokas Coffee & Eatery's 20th anniversary celebrations at its Colby location included special menu items and community promotions from , marking two decades since the chain's founding and its role in local social hubs. calendars from USD 315 incorporate recurring events like and sports, alongside holiday closures such as November 11, 2025, for and the Thanksgiving break starting November 26.

Notable people

Arts and entertainment

Colby, Kansas, has produced notable figures in the arts and entertainment fields, particularly in music and visual arts, contributing to both local cultural life and broader recognition. , born on March 28, 1942, in Colby, is an acclaimed American bass-baritone opera singer known for his powerful voice and dramatic portrayals of villains in classic s. A graduate of Colby High School, Ramey pursued music studies at before launching an international career that included over 300 performances with the in , as well as appearances at , , and the . His recordings, exceeding 80 albums, have earned him for Best Opera Recording in 1987 and 1991, solidifying his status as one of the most recorded bass-baritones in history. In recognition of his achievements, Ramey was named Kansan of the Year in 1995 and has occasionally returned to for performances and educational outreach. Mark Schultz, born September 16, 1970, in Colby, is a prominent singer-songwriter whose work blends personal storytelling with faith-based themes. Growing up in Colby, Schultz developed his musical talents through high school sports and church activities before earning a degree in agribusiness from and moving to Nashville. His self-titled debut album in 2000 featured the hit single "I Am," and he has released over a dozen albums, earning a Dove Award for Long Form Music Video in 2006 and multiple nominations for Male Vocalist of the Year. Schultz maintains strong ties to his hometown, including induction into the Colby Community College Hall of Fame in 2021 for his contributions to music and community inspiration. Beyond these individuals, Colby's arts scene includes visual artists featured in the Prairie Museum of Art & History, which hosts rotating exhibits of works by local and creators, such as members of the High Plains Art Club, showcasing regional themes like prairie landscapes and pioneer life. Local theater thrives at the Frahm Theatre on the Colby Community College campus, where student and community productions, including musicals and plays, are performed regularly, fostering artistic engagement in northwest .

Politics and public service

Colby, Kansas, has produced several individuals who have made significant contributions to American politics and public service, particularly in federal government roles and civil rights advocacy. Mike Hayden, born John Michael Hayden on March 16, 1944, in Colby, is a longtime politician who served as the 41st Governor of from 1987 to 1991. Raised in nearby Atwood, he graduated from in 1966 with a degree in mathematics and earned a master's in biology from . Elected to the in 1972, he rose to become Speaker from 1983 to 1987 before succeeding John Carlin as governor. During his tenure, Hayden signed an $8 billion highway construction plan, implemented a reappraisal system, and held public "Tell the Governor" sessions to engage constituents on issues affecting rural , including and . After leaving office, he served as Secretary of the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks from 2004 to 2011. Sheila Frahm, born Sheila Sloan in Colby on March 22, 1945, rose through Kansas politics to become a brief but historic U.S. Senator. After graduating from Colby High School in 1963 and earning a B.S. from Fort Hays State University in 1967, she served on the Colby Board of Education from 1972 to 1975, was elected to the Kansas House of Representatives in 1984, and then to the Kansas Senate in 1988, where she became the first woman majority leader in 1992. Appointed by Governor Bill Graves in 1996 to fill the vacancy left by Bob Dole's presidential run, Frahm served in the U.S. Senate from June 11 to November 6, 1996, during which she became the first woman to preside over the Senate. Her tenure included assignment to the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, where her background in Kansas farming informed advocacy for agricultural policies supporting rural economies, such as crop insurance and farm credit programs critical to western Kansas wheat and livestock producers. Frahm's brief Senate service highlighted her influence on farm policy, building on her state-level work on irrigation and property tax issues affecting Thomas County agriculture. Mary Elizabeth Thomas Brooks, born in Colby on November 1, 1907, exemplified public service in federal administration and women's advancement. Her family relocated to , shortly after her birth, where she grew up as the daughter of U.S. Senator John Thomas. After attending Mills College and earning a B.A. from the , Brooks entered Republican politics, serving as an Idaho state senator from 1963 to 1969 and advocating for women's roles in governance. Appointed by President as the 28th Director of the U.S. Mint in 1969, she held the position until 1977, overseeing the transition to clad coinage, the introduction of the , and the Bicentennial coin series, while modernizing mint operations amid rising production demands. As a supporter of , Brooks spoke at the 1970 ceremony for the U.S. commemorating the 50th anniversary of the 19th , emphasizing suffrage's legacy and women's ongoing public service. She was the first woman to receive the Treasury Department's Alexander Hamilton Award in 1977 for her contributions. Zelma Henderson, born Zelma Cleota Hurst in Colby on February 29, 1920, played a pivotal role in advancing through her involvement in civil rights litigation. Trained as a cosmetologist in the early 1940s, she moved to , where she worked as a beautician and raised her family while engaging in community advocacy. In 1950, Henderson joined 12 other African American parents as a in the class-action Oliver Brown et al. v. of Topeka, challenging in public schools under the "separate but equal" doctrine. The case, consolidated with others and argued by , reached the U.S. , which ruled unanimously on May 17, 1954, that segregated schools were inherently unequal, overturning and mandating desegregation. As a local figure committed to educational access, Henderson's participation symbolized grassroots efforts for civil rights in Kansas, where she continued community involvement until her death in 2008, the last surviving . John Robert Connelly, who engaged in real estate business in Colby after moving there in the early 1900s, served as a U.S. Representative from Kansas's 6th district from 1913 to 1915. Born near Mount Sterling, Illinois, in 1870, Connelly relocated to as a youth before establishing his career in Colby's growing economy, where he also edited a local newspaper. Elected to as a Democrat in 1912, he focused on agricultural and infrastructure issues pertinent to western , including support for rural mail delivery and farm relief measures during the Wilson administration. Though defeated for reelection in 1914, Connelly's tenure underscored Colby's ties to national politics through its business leaders.

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