List of Brazilian flags

The list of Brazilian flags enumerates the official and historical vexillological symbols associated with Brazil, including national banners from the colonial period under Portuguese administration, imperial standards during the Empire of Brazil (1822–1889), and republican flags adopted following the 1889 proclamation, such as the current national flag featuring a green field, yellow lozenge, blue celestial globe with 27 stars representing the states and Federal District, and the positivist motto "Ordem e Progresso."^[1][2] This compilation extends to specialized standards, including the presidential flag with the coat of arms on a green background, vice-presidential variants, military ensigns for the army, navy, and air force ministries (historical and current), judicial banners like those of the Federal Supreme Court, diplomatic flags for ambassadors and consuls, and subnational flags for Brazil's 26 states, Federal District, and thousands of municipalities, reflecting the country's federal structure and regional identities.^[3][4][5] Notable aspects include the 1889 flag's design by Raimundo Teixeira Mendes, incorporating astronomical accuracy to depict the sky over Rio de Janeiro on the republic's founding date, with subsequent modifications in 1922 and 1992 to adjust stars for territorial changes, and historical shifts marking transitions from monarchical green-yellow-red to the republican palette symbolizing forests, minerals, and the southern sky.^[1][6][2]

Sovereign Flags

Current National Flag

The national flag of the Federative Republic of Brazil features a green field representing the nation's forests, overlaid by a yellow diamond symbolizing its mineral wealth, centered with a blue disc depicting the night sky over Rio de Janeiro on November 15, 1889, at 8:30 a.m., containing a white band with the positivist motto Ordem e Progresso ("Order and Progress") and 27 white five-pointed stars arranged to form constellations corresponding to the 26 Brazilian states plus the Federal District.^[7][8] The design proportions are 7 units high by 10 units wide, with the yellow lozenge's vertices touching the midpoints of the green rectangle's edges, and the blue disc's diameter equaling four-sevenths of the flag's height.^[8] This configuration was officially adopted via Decree No. 3 on November 19, 1889, four days after the proclamation of the Republic, replacing the imperial flag and a short-lived provisional banner.^[1] The flag's specifications, including star positions and motto placement, are governed by Law No. 5.700 of September 1, 1971, which standardizes national symbols and mandates updates to the stars for territorial divisions while preserving the original astronomical configuration.^[8] Subsequent amendments incorporated stars for newly created states, reaching 27 in total following Tocantins' establishment in 1988.^[9] The flag's colors derive from the imperial arms—green and yellow—with the blue disc and stars evoking republican ideals of unity and federalism under positivist philosophy, which influenced designers Raimundo Teixeira Mendes, Miguel Lemos, and Manuel Pereira Reis.^[10] It is flown daily on public buildings, with protocols prohibiting its use for decoration or commercialization without official standards, ensuring respect for its representation of sovereignty.^[1]

Historical National Flags

The national flag of the Empire of Brazil was instituted on September 18, 1822, via Decree No. 3 issued by Emperor Pedro I, designating his personal banner as the country's symbol following independence from Portugal.^[11] The design consisted of a green field evoking Brazil's dense forests and vegetation, overlaid with a yellow lozenge symbolizing the nation's gold reserves and mineral riches, and centered imperial coat of arms featuring an armillary sphere flanked by coffee and sugarcane branches, with a crown above and stars representing the provinces.^[12] This configuration served as the civil, state, and merchant ensign throughout the imperial period, with the coat of arms periodically updated to incorporate additional stars for newly created provinces, such as reaching 20 stars by 1870 after territorial reorganizations.^[13] Minor alterations to the flag included a change to the imperial crown's lining from red to green on December 1, 1822, and subsequent refinements to the armillary sphere and heraldic elements in the 1830s to reflect the empire's consolidated structure post-regency.^[13] The war flag variant mirrored the national design but omitted the yellow lozenge, displaying the full coat of arms directly on the green field for military use. These flags symbolized the Braganza dynasty's continuity from Portuguese heritage while asserting Brazilian sovereignty, remaining in official use until the monarchy's overthrow in 1889.^[1] Upon the proclamation of the republic on November 15, 1889, a provisional national flag was immediately raised, featuring 13 alternating horizontal stripes of green and yellow—representing the original captaincies or provinces—with a rectangular blue canton in the upper hoist bearing 21 white five-pointed stars arranged in clusters symbolizing the federal states.^[14] Designed hastily by jurist Ruy Barbosa and influenced by the United States flag to denote republican federalism, this interim banner flew for only four days until November 19, when the definitive republican design was decreed, adapting the imperial green-yellow scheme by replacing the coat of arms with a starry blue globe inscribed "Ordem e Progresso."^[10] The provisional flag's short tenure marked the abrupt transition from monarchy, though its stripe count has been variably reported as reflecting either 13 historical divisions or a simplification from the 20-21 provinces extant in 1889.^[14]

Governmental Flags

Current Executive Flags

The Bandeira-Insígnia da Presidência da República consists of a green field bearing the central Brasão da República, one of Brazil's four national symbols. The coat of arms features a blue shield supported by a five-pointed star, with an upright sword and encircled by a wreath of coffee and tobacco branches intertwined with olive branches. This design was established under Decree No. 4 of November 19, 1889, and has undergone modifications since, including updates to the escudo's celestial blue hue.^[3] The Bandeira-Insígnia do Vice-Presidente da República is a rectangular yellow flag, matching the yellow of the national flag, with twenty-one blue stars arranged in a cruciform pattern at the center and the Brasão da República in the upper hoist canton. This configuration was specified in Decree No. 87.427 of an unspecified date in the 1980s, continuing from earlier precedents like Decree No. 43.807 of May 27, 1958, which also described twenty-one stars despite subsequent increases in the number of federative units. The flag serves to denote the vice president's presence in official capacities.^[15][16] Bandeiras-Insígnias for Ministers of State (excluding naval variants) are rectangular, swallow-tailed yellow flags with twenty-one blue stars, mirroring the vice-presidential design in coloration and stellar arrangement but distinguished by the farpa (swallow-tail). Decree No. 87.427 outlines this form, emphasizing the yellow hue from the national flag and the stars symbolizing federative unity as codified at the time. Specific adaptations exist, such as for the Minister of Defense under Decree No. 6.941 of August 18, 2009, which details rectangular proportions but retains core elements. These flags indicate ministerial authority in ceremonial and naval contexts.^[15][17]

Ministries and Agencies

The Bandeira-Insígnia de Ministro de Estado serves as the standard flag for all Brazilian cabinet ministers, excluding historical exceptions for naval affairs. This rectangular, swallow-tailed banner features a yellow field akin to the national flag's lozenge, overlaid with twenty-one stars arranged in a clockwise arc beginning with the Southern Cross constellation, and centered with the Republic's escudo—depicting open wings—all rendered in green and gold atop a sky-blue background.^[15] The design was established under Decree No. 43.807 of May 27, 1958, regulating ceremonial flags for government officials.^[16] The Ministry of Defense employs an identical Bandeira-Insígnia, formally approved by Decree No. 6.941 on August 18, 2009, following the 1999 unification of separate military ministries into a single defense portfolio.^[18] Prior to this consolidation, distinct flags existed for ministers of the Army, Navy, and Aeronautics, often incorporating service-specific emblems on bicolor or armorial fields, but these were discontinued after the Ministry of Defense's creation.^[19] Federal agencies under executive oversight utilize specialized flags for operational signaling. The Receita Federal (customs service) flies a blue ensign with a central white star, documented in international signal codes since 1939 and employed on vessels undergoing inspection.^[20] Similarly, the Polícia Federal displays a blue flag bearing its shield emblem, observed in official use by 2005.^[20] These agency flags prioritize functional identification over the ceremonial designs of ministerial standards.

Judicial and Legislative Flags

The flag of the Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), Brazil's supreme constitutional court consisting of 11 justices, was officially incorporated by Decree No. 43.807 on May 27, 1958.^[21] It displays a yellow field bearing a central large dark-blue five-pointed star outlined in dark blue, encircled by 20 smaller dark-blue five-pointed stars also outlined in dark blue, arranged in an annulet slightly elevated.^[22] This design evokes celestial symbolism akin to the national flag, with the stars representing judicial oversight and the court's role in upholding the 1988 Constitution.^[23] The Superior Tribunal Militar (STM), the highest military court handling appeals in military justice cases, employs an estandarte featuring elements of military tradition integrated with national symbols, though specific adoption details remain tied to post-1964 institutional reforms without a singular decree-highlighted flag like the STF's. Legislative flags primarily pertain to the upper house, the Senado Federal, which uses a rectangular blue banner with the Brazilian coat of arms—depicting a star-supported arm wielding a sword amid coffee and tobacco branches—centered in its proper colors of green, yellow, blue, and white.^[24] This flag, without a specified adoption date in primary legislation, symbolizes the Senate's role as the chamber representing Brazil's 26 states and federal district since the 1988 Constitution reestablished its bicameral structure. The Câmara dos Deputados, the lower house with 513 members elected proportionally, lacks a distinct institutional flag; official communications and premises rely on the national flag and the congressional coat of arms in logos, as outlined in the Chamber's visual identity manual emphasizing the armillary sphere and constitutional motto.^[25] The Congresso Nacional as a bicameral body does not maintain a unified flag separate from these, with state and national banners displayed in ceremonial spaces like the Senado's Praça das Bandeiras for federalist representation.^[26]

Imperial Standards

The Imperial Standards were the personal ensigns of the Emperor and members of the imperial family during the Empire of Brazil, which existed from the declaration of independence on 7 September 1822 until the proclamation of the republic on 15 November 1889.^[13] These standards differed from the national flag, which featured a green field with a yellow lozenge containing the coat of arms; the imperial variants were typically solid green fields bearing the imperial arms directly.^[13] The standard of Emperor Pedro I and initially Pedro II from 1822 to 1853 displayed the coat of arms of the Empire centered on a green background..svg) The arms included a green shield with an armillary sphere, imperial crown, and 19 stars representing the provinces at the time, arranged in a circle..svg) This design symbolized the unity and sovereignty of the Brazilian provinces under the Braganza dynasty.^[12] In 1853, following the creation of the Province of Paraná by Imperial Law No. 704 on 29 August, the coat of arms was updated to include a 20th star, reflecting the expanded territorial division.^[27] The revised Imperial Standard, used until 1889, retained the green field but incorporated the updated arms, often with additional gold laurel branches in the corners for ornamental distinction.^[28] This version flew during the reign of Pedro II, emphasizing the empire's administrative evolution.^[13] The Imperial Standard of the Prince Imperial, heir to the throne, featured a similar green field with the arms, but distinguished by a royal crown instead of the imperial one or a label of difference.^[29] It was used by figures such as Pedro II before his accession and later by Princess Isabel, symbolizing the line of succession within the House of Braganza.^[30] Standards for princesses followed analogous patterns, adapted for female heirs.^[13] These ensigns were hoisted at imperial residences, during official processions, and on naval vessels commanded by the sovereign.

Diplomatic and International Flags

Diplomatic Service Flags

![Brazil Ambassador Flag.svg.png][float-right] The diplomatic service flags of Brazil represent the ranks of diplomatic representatives abroad, such as ambassadors, envoys extraordinary, and chargés d'affaires, and are flown at embassies and missions to signify official presence and authority. These flags derive from the national flag's color scheme but feature simplified designs emphasizing yellow fields with green stars and central emblems echoing the celestial globe, as standardized in ceremonial regulations. They were formally instituted by Decree No. 43.807 of 27 May 1958, which approves protocols including insignia for diplomatic use, later detailed in updates like Decree No. 87.427 of 9 April 1982 regulating military honors and ceremonials.^[16][15] The ambassador's flag is a rectangular yellow banner, matching the lozenge color of the national flag, adorned with 21 green stars arranged in an arc to evoke the federal constellation, centered by a green lozenge enclosing a blue disc with white stars symbolizing the southern sky on the proclamation date of the republic, 15 November 1889. This design distinguishes the highest diplomatic rank, accredited to heads of state, and is hoisted at residences or offices during official functions.^[15] ![Brazil Envoy Extraordinary Flag.svg.png][center] The envoy extraordinary flag follows a similar yellow rectangular format but incorporates fewer or differently configured stars—typically 19 green stars in arc with a central green lozenge and blue starry disc—to denote the plenipotentiary minister rank, used for envoys not holding full ambassadorial accreditation. Adopted concurrently in 1958, it reflects hierarchical distinctions in diplomatic protocol without altering core symbolism.^[16] The chargé d'affaires flag employs a comparable structure: yellow field with reduced stellar elements, such as 17 green stars arching around a central green lozenge with blue disc and stars, signaling interim or lower diplomatic representation when a higher-ranking official is absent. These flags ensure precise identification in international settings, adhering to Vienna Convention norms on diplomatic relations ratified by Brazil in 1965.^[15][31]

Consular and Mission Flags

The insignia flag for a Consul General of Brazil features a rectangular yellow field with three blue five-pointed stars arranged vertically and equidistantly along the central vertical line. The yellow represents the imperial yellow from the national flag, while the blue stars mirror those on the national banner, symbolizing the consular officer's rank within the foreign service. This design is specified in official naval ceremonial regulations for use in consular districts.^[32] Lower-ranking consular officers, such as consuls, employ similar insignia flags differentiated by the number of stars—typically two for a standard consul—following the same yellow field and vertical alignment principle to denote hierarchy. These personal standards are flown alongside the national flag at consular premises to identify the head of the mission during official ceremonies and visits. Brazilian consular missions abroad primarily hoist the national flag to represent the Federative Republic of Brazil, as evidenced by routine ceremonies such as Independence Day events where the green, yellow, blue, and white colors are prominently displayed.^[33] Specific insignia flags serve ceremonial and representational purposes for the consular staff rather than supplanting the national emblem. Honorary consulates, operated by non-career diplomats, generally do not use distinct flags but adhere to national flag protocols unless otherwise directed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Military Flags

Brazilian Army Flags

The Estandarte do Exército Brasileiro, the primary ceremonial standard of the Brazilian Army, was established by Decree No. 94.336 on May 15, 1987. It consists of a rectangular white field of universal flag proportions, charged in the center (abismo) with the Brasão de Armas do Exército, bordered by a continuous gold fringe and accented with a military cord in Brazil's national colors (green, yellow, blue, and white) bearing the inscription "EXÉRCITO BRASILEIRO" in gold lettering.^[34] The standard symbolizes the Army's role in national defense and integration, with usage regulated for official ceremonies by the Ministry of the Army (now integrated into the Ministry of Defense).^[34] The Brasão de Armas, also created by the same decree, features a classical Portuguese shield divided per pale into red (dexter) and blue (sinister), charged with an animated gold griffin lampassed and armed sable, grasping an eight-pointed silver star; the griffin represents vigilance in guarding the patria and upholding the law, while the star denotes operational reach across all cardinal directions for national unity. Above the shield sits a silver military helmet three-quarters to the dexter, lined purpure, with blue mantling and red virols; the original green ondulated scroll bore "SEGURANÇA E INTEGRAÇÃO" in gold, amended by Decree No. 1.531 on June 22, 1995, to "Exército Brasileiro - 1648" to honor the Army's foundational year during Portuguese colonial defense against Dutch incursions.^[34] A simplified Bandeira do Exército, lacking the fringe and cord, mirrors the estandarte's white field and central coat of arms for practical use in parades and unit displays; troops also carry the national flag in standardized 90 cm by 128 cm dimensions on staffs matching estandarte proportions. Many Army units employ Estandartes Históricos to preserve traditions, typically rectangular gold-fringed flags on white fields edged red and blue, centered with the coat of arms, five red and rose rosettes (dexter) and five blue and sky-blue rosettes (sinister) denoting historical campaigns, crossed downward swords garnished gold and hilted sable over a silver scroll inscribed "1648," and a lower silver scroll with "TRADIÇÃO E UNIDADE."^[35] Branch-specific standards adopt colored fields overlaid with unit identifiers: green for infantry (including military police), white for cavalry and armored units, ultramarine blue for artillery, sky blue for signal corps, crimson for quartermaster, and black for engineers, all fringed gold and incorporating heraldic elements tied to the Army's coat of arms. Commander insignia flags, such as the Bandeira-Insígnia do Comandante do Exército, feature variants with additional stars or bars denoting rank, used atop command vehicles or headquarters from the mid-20th century onward. Historical precedents include imperial-era battalion flags with imperial arms and republican minister flags (1889–1999) showing a green field with yellow lozenges and armillary spheres, phased out post-1988 Constitution centralization of military symbols.

Brazilian Navy Flags

The Brazilian Navy employs the national flag of Brazil as its primary ensign, flown from the mainmast or gaff peak of warships to signify their commissioned status. This practice aligns with international maritime conventions where naval vessels display the national colors as the war ensign.^[36] The naval jack, referred to as the Bandeira do Cruzeiro, is hoisted at the bow when ships are anchored, in port, or dressed overall; it features a dark blue field with 21 white five-pointed stars arranged to depict the Southern Cross constellation in an orthogonal pattern—13 stars in a horizontal row and 9 in a vertical column intersecting at the center. This design symbolizes Brazil's position in the Southern Hemisphere and has remained consistent since the imperial era, with minor adjustments to star positions reflecting changes in the national flag's configuration in 1889, 1968, and 1992. The estandarte da Marinha, or Navy standard, is used in land-based ceremonies and parades by armed naval personnel, always accompanying the national flag to denote organizational identity. It incorporates the Navy's official distintivo (emblem): a golden anchor superimposed on a blue circular field, bordered by a golden rope, and surmounted by a jeweled diadem featuring four galleon prows and four white round sails (with only one prow and two sails visible in profile). This emblem evokes Brazil's maritime heritage and naval traditions dating to the colonial period. The standard is regulated under ceremonial protocols established by Decree No. 2,513 of 1998, which mandates its display in formations to maintain discipline and symbolism.^[38][36] Rank and command flags include distinguishing pennants for officers, flown from masts to indicate hierarchy. Flag officers, such as admirals, historically used oriented versions of the Cruzeiro jack, with the hoist point aligned to the mast type (main, fore, or mizzen) corresponding to their grade—e.g., grand admiral at the mainmast. The general command pennant, formalized by the Ordinance for Brazilian Navy Flags under Decree of February 6, 1942, consists of a white triangular field with escalating numbers of white stars or borders for seniority. Additional distinctive flags, like the flâmula de fim de comissão (commission pennant, a long white streamer with red balls denoting service duration), signal operational milestones, while the Red Cross flag denotes medical vessels or units. These elements ensure clear identification at sea and reflect the Navy's emphasis on tradition and operational clarity, as outlined in ceremonial directives.^[36]

Brazilian Air Force Flags

The Brazilian Air Force, formally established on 20 January 1941 by Decree-Law No. 2,270 merging the aviation branches of the Army and Navy, utilizes a series of flags for command representation, officer ranks, and operational units. The central emblem of the FAB incorporates a blue shield bearing a white winged sword surmounted by a yellow eagle, with the five stars of the Southern Cross constellation arranged above, symbolizing national sovereignty and aerial defense. The Flag of the Brazilian Air Force Command serves as the primary branch standard, consisting of an air force blue field charged with the FAB coat of arms centered, typically fringed in silver and mounted on a staff with a cravat in national blue and air force blue.^[39] This flag represents the Comando da Aeronáutica, the executive body overseeing FAB operations since the 1999 creation of the Ministry of Defense, which subsumed the former Ministry of Aeronautics. Prior to 1999, the Minister of Aeronautics employed a distinct flag featuring a blue field with a diagonal band in national flag blue, the service arms, and a scroll inscribed "COMANDO DA AERONÁUTICA" flanked by the dates 1941–1999. Officer rank flags follow a standardized pattern: a vertical blue hoist displaying the winged sword insignia (for aviation line officers) or branch-specific symbols (e.g., sword entwined with a snake for medical officers), paired with a fly divided into horizontal green-over-yellow stripes numbering two to five according to rank, adorned with corresponding stars from the Southern Cross. These designs, regulated since at least 1944, ensure hierarchical distinction during ceremonies and official displays. Historically, pre-FAB aviation employed separate standards: the 1932 Military Aviation flag, a blue field (90 cm × 120 cm) with a gold flying eagle over the national coat of arms and gold fringe, granted by Decree No. 20,987; and the 1931 Nautical Aviation standard, navy blue with a brown-and-gold eagle, Southern Cross stars, and a green anchor in the hoist, per Decree No. 20,090. Squadron and group standards vary, often incorporating unit shields on a blue field with aviation motifs like coffee and tobacco leaves (pre-1980s) or customized per internal directives post-mid-1980s. Aircraft markings include a green-yellow starred roundel with white and blue disks, tracing to 1918–1919 origins, and a green-yellow fin flash.

Law Enforcement Flags

Federal Police Flags

The flag of the Brazilian Federal Police (Bandeira da Polícia Federal) is a rectangular banner with a light blue field centered by the institution's coat of arms. The coat of arms, formally established as the official emblem by Decree No. 98.380 of November 9, 1989, features a heraldic shield divided into sections: in chief, a red scroll (gules) bearing the word "POLÍCIA" in silver (argent), symbolizing audacity, courage, effort, and security; flanked by scales representing justice and a sword denoting authority and defense of law; with the national arms of Brazil at the heart, encircled by a blue border (azure) evoking loyalty and truth, and supported by olive branches signifying peace achieved through order.^[41][42] This flag functions as the paramount emblem of the Federal Police, an agency established on March 28, 1944, via Decree-Law No. 6.378, which reorganized federal policing under the Ministry of Justice and Public Security. It embodies the institution's ethical, moral, and philosophical principles, while signifying its historical continuity and commitment to federal law enforcement, including investigative, preventive, and border security duties.^[43][44] The design integrates post-1989 standardization, with no documented prior variants specific to the Federal Police predating the decree's emblem, though earlier federal policing entities used ad hoc insignia during the agency's formative years under the Estado Novo regime (1937–1945).^[41] The banner is prominently displayed at Federal Police headquarters in Brasília and during official ceremonies, underscoring institutional identity amid Brazil's federal structure. Its light blue hue aligns with traditional vexillological conventions for police symbols, evoking vigilance and serenity in enforcement, though official documentation emphasizes the overall emblem's representational primacy over field color specifics.^[20] No alterations to the flag have been recorded since the 1989 decree, maintaining uniformity across the agency's 27 regional superintendencies.^[43]

State Military Police Flags

The estandartes of Brazil's state Military Police forces serve as official ceremonial standards, functioning as flags for parades, inspections, and institutional representations. Each of the 26 states and the Federal District maintains a distinct estandarte for its Polícia Militar, regulated by state-specific decrees or norms, typically featuring a rectangular silk field in bicolor or tricolor schemes derived from state heraldry, bordered by metallic fringe, and centered with the force's coat of arms. These designs universally incorporate the crossed flintlock pistols emblem—a pair of antique pistols overlaid on a five-pointed star—adopted across Brazilian Military Police units in the 1920s, tracing origins to U.S. Army influences during World War I and formalized via orders from General John J. Pershing in 1923 before local adaptation.^[45][46] Variations reflect regional symbols: for example, the Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State (PMERJ) estandarte consists of a biparted yellow-and-red silk field with golden fringe, bearing the PMERJ coat of arms at center in full colors, flanked by organizational mottoes in gold lettering, and inscribed "POLÍCIA MILITAR" above and below; this configuration stems from Decree No. 6733 of October 28, 1983, with subsequent updates including Decree No. 7556 of 1984.^[47] In Paraná, the Polícia Militar do Paraná (PMPR) employs an estandarte as its representative banner for official missions, integrating state-specific emblems with the standard PM pistols motif, though precise field colors and inscriptions are codified in internal regulations without public decree excerpts in available records. The Ceará Military Police estandarte similarly centers its coat of arms on a heraldic field, emphasizing preventive policing heritage in design elements. These standards underscore the auxiliary and reserve role of state Military Police under the Brazilian Army, as per Constitution Article 144, § 6, distinguishing them from federal or civil police insignia.

Civil Police Flags

The Civil Police forces of Brazilian states maintain distinct flags as institutional symbols in several jurisdictions, typically featuring emblems denoting judicial authority, scales of justice, or state-specific motifs alongside colors evoking vigilance and order. These flags are regulated by state decrees or administrative acts and are used in ceremonies, headquarters, and official events to represent the investigative mandate of the Civil Police under state constitutions. Not all states mandate or describe unique flags, with some relying primarily on badges or emblems, but where established, they emphasize the civilian nature of the force distinct from military policing.^[48][49] In São Paulo, the flag consists of a red field with three horizontal isosceles triangles—white, black, white—extending across the middle, overlaid centrally by the Civil Police coat of arms depicting a balance scale and torch. Adopted under state decree, it measures approximately 1.35 m by 1.92 m and is permitted for internal use, facade display during solemnities, and parades.^[50][51] Pernambuco's Civil Police flag incorporates elements from the state banner, including a green field with a central cross and rainbow arc, augmented by police insignia such as a star or emblem to signify investigative duties; it serves as an official symbol alongside the coat of arms and hymn.^[52][53] Bahia's flag, defined by Decree nº 27.904 and reaffirmed in 2019 institutional symbols, features a design with blue and white elements symbolizing loyalty and purity, often including the state coat of arms integrated with police motifs; dimensions are standardized at 90 cm by 135 cm for official procurement and use.^[54][55] Paraíba's flag, enshrined as an official symbol by decree, displays "POLÍCIA CIVIL PARAÍBA" text on a field with institutional colors, measuring 125 cm in height, and accompanies the emblem for identification in operations and events.^[49][56] Mato Grosso's flag is detailed in the state's Police standardization manual, incorporating a golden escudo shield and other symbols on a field representing the institution's reformulated identity, used in conjunction with the updated coat of arms for uniformity across units.^[48][57] The Civil Police of Rio de Janeiro employs a historical flag as its consecrated institutional banner, originating from the state's earliest police corps, though specific design elements prioritize traditional symbolism over modern standardization. Other states, including Tocantins, Pará, Amazonas, and Goiás, have adopted flags via administrative instructions or portarias, often deriving from state heraldry with added police identifiers, but detailed public descriptions remain tied to internal manuals.^{[58][59][60][61]}

Subnational Administrative Flags

State and Federal District Flags

The 26 states and the Federal District of Brazil each have official flags defined by state constitutions, decrees, or laws, serving as emblems of regional heritage, economy, and governance. These subnational flags emerged primarily after the 1889 proclamation of the republic, evolving from provisional designs to formalized versions often influenced by local history, natural features, or civic symbols; many were reaffirmed or redesigned in the mid-20th century amid federal reorganizations and the 1946 constitution's provisions for state symbology. Designs typically avoid direct imitation of the national flag but may incorporate green, yellow, or republican motifs to denote unity with the federation.^[62][63] The Federal District's flag, distinct as the seat of national government without state-level autonomy in the same manner, was established by Decree No. 1090 on 25 August 1969, designed by poet Guilherme de Almeida. It consists of a white rectangular field symbolizing peace, overlaid with a green square (evoking national fidelity and the Planalto Central's landscapes) bearing four outward-pointing yellow arrows in a cruciform arrangement, representing the indigenous arrows of the region's original inhabitants and directional expansion from Brasília. The shield-like central element underscores the District's capital role and harmony with Brazil's colors.^[64][65][66] State flags exhibit diversity in form and symbolism, with adoption dates spanning from the republican transition to post-1960 state creations. For example:

• Acre: First officially adopted 1 March 1963 upon statehood from federal territory status; features a green field with a red star and white Latin cross stripe, denoting Amazonian forests, labor, and Christianity.^[62][67]
• Alagoas: Adopted 23 September 1963; red field with yellow wavy stripes and arms, symbolizing coastal waters and colonial roots.^[62]
• Espírito Santo: Officially adopted 24 April 1947 (design from 1908); blue and white stripes with red lozenge and green cedar tree, evoking maritime heritage and state flora.^[68]
• Paraná: Adopted 9 January 1892 (with revisions in 1947 and 1990); red and green field with coat of arms, representing agrarian abundance and indigenous elements.^[69]
• Piauí: Original 1922, current version 2005; green and yellow with central arms, highlighting semi-arid resilience and state motto.^[63]
• Rio de Janeiro: Law of 1965 (design possibly from 1947); blue disc on white with state arms, signifying Guanabara Bay and urban prominence.^[70][63]
• Santa Catarina: Adopted 29 October 1953 (pattern from 1889); blue and silver wavy stripes with red star, denoting Atlantic influences and Azorean settlement.^[71]

Newer states like Rondônia (1981) and Tocantins (1988) adopted flags concurrent with their formation from territories, often emphasizing frontier development and biodiversity. Comprehensive records of all designs and dates are maintained in state legislative archives and vexillological compilations, reflecting ongoing minor updates for proportionality or symbolism without altering core identities.^[62]

Municipal Flags Overview

Brazil's municipalities, numbering 5,570 as of 2022, each possess the constitutional authority to adopt their own flags as symbols of local identity, alongside coats of arms and anthems, under the framework of municipal organic laws that grant administrative autonomy in emblem creation.^{[72] [73]} These flags are established through municipal legislation, such as ordinances or laws passed by city councils, without overarching federal regulations imposing specific design criteria beyond general heraldic traditions.^[72] Adoption typically follows proposals from local executives or legislators, often incorporating public consultations to reflect communal heritage, though processes vary by jurisdiction. Designs of municipal flags commonly draw from national colors—green, yellow, blue, and white—to evoke unity with Brazil's federation, while centering the municipal coat of arms to encapsulate local attributes like historical events, economic pillars (e.g., agriculture or mining), and geographic features such as rivers or mountains.^[74] Common layouts include quartered fields or horizontal/vertical divisions for symbolic balance, adhering loosely to vexillological principles of simplicity and relevance, though many prioritize representational detail over minimalism.^[73] For instance, flags may depict indigenous motifs, colonial landmarks, or modern industries to denote cultural continuity or development. Alterations to municipal flags require approval via new municipal enactments, ensuring alignment with evolving local narratives while maintaining heraldic integrity; such changes, though infrequent, underscore flags' role in fostering civic pride and administrative distinction within Brazil's decentralized structure.^[73] Official usage protocols, including dimensions and display etiquette, are often detailed in enabling laws, with flags hoisted alongside national and state banners during civic events to affirm hierarchical symbolism.^[72]

Political Flags

Current Political Party Flags

Brazil's current political parties, numbering 29 as registered with the Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) in 2025, each maintain distinct flags defined by their internal statutes and used primarily in electoral campaigns, party congresses, and public demonstrations to symbolize ideological commitments and organizational identity.^{[75] [76]} These flags often incorporate bold primary colors associated with left-leaning parties (e.g., red for socialism) or right-leaning ones (e.g., blue for liberalism), alongside acronyms, emblems like stars or tools representing worker solidarity, and occasionally national motifs adapted to partisan narratives. Unlike national or state flags, party flags lack legal standardization beyond TSE registration requirements for emblems, allowing variation in proportions and materials but consistency in core symbolism to foster recognizability among voters. Smaller parties, such as the Partido Socialismo e Liberdade (PSOL), employ variants like red banners with green stars denoting eco-socialism, while right-leaning groups like the Partido Novo use orange fields with minimalist "NOVO" lettering to project innovation and fiscal restraint.^[82] These flags' designs are substantiated in party visual identity manuals and electoral filings, though minor updates occur with rebrandings; their use peaked during the 2022 general elections, where visual symbolism influenced voter mobilization amid polarized contests.^[83] Empirical analysis of election data shows parties with high-visibility flags, like PT and PL, correlating with stronger regional turnout in areas of ideological alignment, underscoring flags' role in causal signaling of partisan loyalty beyond policy platforms.^[84]

Historical Political Flags

The Ação Integralista Brasileira (AIB), a nationalist movement active from 1932 to 1937 inspired by fascist ideologies, adopted a flag featuring a royal blue field with a centered white disk containing an uppercase sigma symbol (Σ). This design encoded the group's cosmology: blue for the heavens and Integralist aspiration toward transcendence, white for the Earth as a foundation of national purity, and the sigma representing the aggregation of all Brazilian societal elements into a unified whole. The AIB grew to over 200,000 members by 1937 before being suppressed by President Getúlio Vargas's Estado Novo regime, which banned paramilitary-style organizations amid rising tensions, including the 1938 attempted coup.^[85] During the military regime (1964–1985), the Aliança Renovadora Nacional (ARENA), established in 1966 as the government's official party, utilized logomarcas incorporating flag-like elements for rallies and propaganda, drawing from archival designs preserved by the Fundação Getúlio Vargas.^[86] ARENA dominated elections under the two-party system imposed by Institutional Act No. 2, securing 61% of seats in the 1970 congressional elections despite controlled opposition from the MDB, reflecting regime engineering rather than organic support.^[87] The party dissolved in 1979 amid redemocratization, transitioning into the Partido Democrático Social (PDS). Other pre-1964 parties, such as the União Democrática Nacional (UDN, 1945–1965) and Partido Social Democrático (PSD, 1945–1965), prioritized programmatic opposition or patronage networks over standardized vexillological symbols, with no widely documented flags in historical records; their influence stemmed from electoral majorities, as PSD held 37% of the vote in 1945 and UDN positioned as anti-Vargas conservatives.^{[88] [89]} Brazilian political flags generally emerged sporadically, tied to authoritarian or movement-based groups rather than routine party practice, unlike European counterparts.

Historical and Revolutionary Flags

Colonial Period Flags

During the Portuguese colonial period in Brazil, spanning from the territory's discovery in 1500 to independence in 1822, no distinct Brazilian national flag existed, as the region formed part of the Portuguese overseas empire without autonomous vexillological identity. Instead, a succession of Portuguese royal standards, naval ensigns, and order flags were employed for official, exploratory, and administrative purposes, reflecting the colony's status as a royal possession governed from Lisbon until the transfer of the court in 1808. These flags emphasized Portuguese maritime heritage, Catholic symbolism, and monarchical authority, with usage varying by context such as ship hoisting, captaincy establishments, or viceregal representation.^[90] The earliest flag associated with Portuguese claims in Brazil was that of the Order of Christ, featuring a red patriarchal cross (often with five points) on a white field, adopted by the military order in 1320 and first used in Brazilian waters during early voyages in the 1500s. Sponsored by the order under Prince Henry the Navigator, it symbolized crusading expansion and was hoisted upon territorial assertions, including Pedro Álvares Cabral's 1500 landing, to denote Christian dominion over newly discovered lands. This flag persisted in naval and exploratory contexts through the 16th century, underscoring Brazil's initial categorization as a possession for trade and evangelization rather than settlement.^[90][91] From the mid-16th century, royal personal flags of Portuguese monarchs gained prominence, adapting to reigns and dynastic shifts. Under King John III (r. 1521–1557), a blue field bearing a white armillary sphere—representing navigational prowess—and quartered arms was used, coinciding with the division of Brazil into captaincies in 1534 and early sugar plantation establishments. Subsequent variants included the flag of John IV (r. 1640–1656) post-restoration from Iberian Union (1580–1640), featuring green and white with the armillary sphere, flown amid efforts to reassert Portuguese control after the Dutch incursions in the northeast. During the Iberian Union, hybrid Portuguese-Spanish quartered flags appeared sporadically, but standard Portuguese ensigns predominated in loyalist administration.^[90][91] In 1645, following the Braganza restoration, the personal ensign of the Prince of Brazil—designated for the royal heir, such as Teodósio (1634–1653)—emerged as a quasi-colonial marker, typically a variant of the royal standard with princely arms, though its use remained limited to ceremonial and representational roles rather than widespread governance. By the late colonial era, after Brazil's elevation to a co-equal kingdom within the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves in 1815 (formalized 1816), a dedicated flag for the Brazilian realm was introduced: a blue field with a golden armillary sphere at the center, symbolizing the colony's new status with Rio de Janeiro as capital from 1808 onward. This design bridged colonial subordination and emerging autonomy, persisting until independence in 1822, and reflected the armillary's enduring role as a Portuguese imperial emblem tied to astronomical navigation enabling Brazil's exploration.^[90]

Independence and Empire Era Flags

Brazil declared independence from Portugal on September 7, 1822, when Dom Pedro I issued the "Grito do Ipiranga" proclamation, leading to the establishment of the Empire of Brazil.^[92] On September 18, 1822, Dom Pedro I decreed the adoption of the empire's first national flag, designed by French painter Jean-Baptiste Debret.^[13] The flag consisted of a green field representing the House of Braganza, with a central yellow lozenge symbolizing the House of Habsburg via Empress Maria Leopoldina, enclosing the imperial coat of arms.^[93] The arms featured a green shield bearing a crowned armillary sphere—evoking Portuguese navigational heritage—encircled by stars for the provinces and additional imperial emblems.^[13] The number of stars in the coat of arms reflected the evolving provincial structure, starting with 19 stars for the initial provinces from 1822 until 1853.^[12] Additions for new territories, including the Province of Paraná in 1853 and adjustments for Amazonas (formerly Rio Negro) around 1850, led to updates; by 1870, the flag incorporated 20 stars.^[13] This design served as the merchant and civil ensign, while military versions featured a truncated lozenge not extending to the edges. The Emperor's personal standard mirrored the national flag's colors but displayed the golden imperial coat of arms centered on a green field, with golden leaves in the corners; it existed in variants from 1822–1853 and 1853–1889, differing primarily in the armillary sphere's star count to match provincial changes.^[94] The Prince Imperial's standard used a white field charged with the lesser imperial arms, signifying the heir's position. Provincial flags during this era often incorporated elements of the national design adapted with local symbols, though national unity was emphasized through the imperial banner.^[13]

Republican Transition Flags

The proclamation of the Republic on November 15, 1889, marked the end of the Brazilian Empire and the start of a provisional government under Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, necessitating new national symbols to replace imperial ones. A provisional flag was immediately adopted and hoisted that day in Rio de Janeiro, designed by jurist Ruy Barbosa to evoke the United States' republican model while incorporating Brazil's traditional green and yellow colors. It featured 13 horizontal stripes—seven yellow and six green, alternating starting with yellow at the top—and a black rectangular canton in the upper hoist corner containing 20 white five-pointed stars arranged in four clusters of five (patterned 2-1-2 vertically in each cluster), symbolizing the 20 provinces of the former empire.^[14][95] This flag served as the national ensign for exactly four days, until November 19, 1889, when Decree No. 153 formalized the replacement with a new design emphasizing positivist principles: a green field with a yellow lozenge enclosing a blue globe dotted with 21 white stars (representing provinces plus the capital) and the motto Ordem e Progresso. The provisional version's brevity stemmed from its interim role amid rapid institutional changes, avoiding continuity with the imperial green-yellow banner bearing the coat of arms, which had been used since 1822.^[9][96] Leading up to the coup, republican revolutionaries had circulated alternative flag proposals to rally support, reflecting ideological influences like positivism from Auguste Comte, which shaped the military's role in the transition. For instance, a positivist-inspired design with green and yellow fields and symbolic stars was favored by figures such as Benjamin Constant at the Military School, foreshadowing elements of the official republican flag. Other proposals, including striped variants with republican emblems, appeared in journals like O Rebate in 1888, but none gained formal traction until the provisional adoption. These precursors highlighted the movement's decentralized nature, drawing from both local federalist aspirations and international republican iconography.^[14]

Revolutionary and Insurrectional Flags

The Inconfidência Mineira of 1789, an early independence conspiracy in the captaincy of Minas Gerais against Portuguese colonial rule, proposed a flag featuring a white rectangular field with a central green equilateral triangle enclosing a red Phrygian cap symbolizing liberty, bordered by a laurel wreath.^[97] This design drew from Masonic and Enlightenment symbols prevalent among the conspirators, including Joaquim José da Silva Xavier (Tiradentes), though the movement was betrayed before any flags were raised in open revolt. The flag's elements influenced the later state flag of Minas Gerais, adopted in 1937, which inverted the triangle to red and incorporated the Latin motto Libertas quæ sera tamen resurgit ("Liberty which even when late arises") around it.^[98] The Pernambucan Revolution of 1817, a republican uprising in northeastern Brazil proclaiming the independence of Pernambuco, Paraíba, and Rio Grande do Norte provinces, utilized flags produced by militia captain and tailor José Barbosa.^[99] These included a design with a field divided horizontally into blue (hoist) and white (fly), featuring a rainbow arching over a yellow sun in the blue section, a yellow five-pointed star below, and a red cross potent in the white section—elements symbolizing unity, enlightenment, and federation.^[100] Three stars initially represented the allied provinces, reflecting the provisional federation's aspirations for autonomy from Portuguese absolutism amid economic grievances like high taxation. The revolt lasted from March to May 1817 before imperial forces suppressed it, but the flag's core design evolved into the modern state flag of Pernambuco, replacing the three stars with one to denote the unified state.^[99] The Confederation of the Equator in 1824, a short-lived separatist republic in northeastern provinces rebelling against Emperor Pedro I's centralizing policies and the dissolution of the 1823 constituent assembly, adopted a sky-blue flag bearing a yellow square shield at the center.^[101] The shield, surrounded by coffee and sugarcane branches denoting regional agriculture, displayed a red Phrygian cap atop a fasces and was topped by five red stars for the confederated provinces (Pernambuco, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, and possibly Sergipe). This emblem emphasized republican federalism and anti-monarchical ideals, hoisted in Recife from July to November 1824 until crushed by imperial troops.^[101] The flag's blue evoked the sky and liberty, aligning with contemporaneous Latin American independence symbolism. During the Farroupilha Revolution (1835–1845), also known as the Ragamuffin War, republican federalists in Rio Grande do Sul province established the Riograndense Republic and employed a diagonal tricolor flag of green (upper hoist to lower fly), red (diagonal), and yellow (lower hoist to upper fly).^[102] This design, inspired by French revolutionary colors but adapted for gaucho aesthetics, often included a central coat of arms with a black horse (symbolizing the region's cavalry) rearing on a red field, encircled by the motto Libertadores ou Morte ("Liberators or Death") and laurels. The green represented the pampas, red the blood of combatants, and yellow the empire's wealth sought for redistribution; lenços farroupilhas (scarves) in these colors served as field identifiers. The republic endured nearly a decade, ending in negotiated peace, and the flag forms the basis of Rio Grande do Sul's state flag, augmented post-1947 with a blue disc of stars for national unity.^[103] Other 19th-century insurrections, such as the Cabanagem (1835–1840) in Pará, featured rudimentary red flags with white stars signifying indigenous and popular uprisings against provincial elites, though designs varied due to the movement's decentralized, often violent character lacking formal vexillography.^[104] The Praieira Revolution (1848) in Pernambuco deployed green flags with white lozenges and liberty symbols, protesting imperial conservatism and advocating liberalism, but these were ephemeral amid rapid suppression.^[105] These flags generally embodied anti-centralist sentiments, drawing from global republican iconography like Phrygian caps and tricolors, yet their use was limited by the Brazilian Empire's military dominance and the movements' regional fragmentation.^[106]

Commercial and Private Flags

Freight and Shipping Company Flags

Brazilian freight and shipping companies have historically employed house flags—distinctive ensigns flown from vessels to denote ownership and operator identity, adhering to global maritime customs that emphasize simple, recognizable designs for visibility at sea. These flags typically feature company monograms, national colors, or abstract patterns, often on rectangular or burgee-shaped fields, and were particularly prevalent among 20th-century operators engaged in cabotage along Brazil's extensive coastline, Amazon River navigation, and transatlantic cargo routes. The decline of independent lines due to privatization, mergers, and foreign competition since the 1990s has reduced the diversity of active house flags, though traditions persist in documentation and occasional use by surviving firms.^[107] The Companhia de Navegação Lloyd Brasileiro, established in 1890 and reorganized in 1921 before nationalization between 1938 and 1939, exemplified a major player in Brazilian freight shipping with a fleet of 71 vessels aggregating approximately 266,080 gross registered tons by mid-century. Its house flag adapted the Brazilian Republican merchant ensign (green-yellow-blue with a starry field), enlarging the central star and adding a canton divided per saltire in white and red, with blue letters "L" and "B" in the white quarters; post-World War II variants equalized star sizes. The company handled bulk cargo, passengers, and general freight to Europe, the United States, and South America until its dissolution by presidential decree on 5 March 1998.^[108][108] Other notable freight-oriented lines included the Companhia de Navegação da Amazônia, which operated riverine and coastal cargo services from Manaus and flew a very dark green flag charged with a white lozenge containing a centered red "A".^[109] The Companhia de Navegação Libra utilized a blue-white-blue horizontal triband bearing a central white disc fimbriated red, enclosing a red five-pointed star flanked by the firm's initials in each segment of the disc.^[108] Similarly, the Companhia Paraense de Navegação a Vapor employed designs tied to regional Amazon trade, though specifics vary in archival records focused on practical cargo hauling rather than passenger lines.^[107]

Yacht Club Flags

Brazilian yacht clubs, concentrated along the Atlantic coast, employ burgees—triangular or pennant-shaped flags—to identify member vessels and promote nautical affiliation. These private ensigns typically incorporate club-specific symbols like helms, anchors, or regional emblems, distinguishing them from national or commercial maritime flags. Established primarily in the late 19th and early 20th centuries amid growing maritime recreation, such clubs foster sailing, rowing, and regattas, with burgees documented in nautical registries and vexillological records.^[110] Prominent examples from São Paulo state illustrate regional variations. The São Paulo Yacht Club, founded in 1917, uses a dark blue burgee featuring a yellow boat's helm with the São Paulo city arms at its center.^[110] The Clube Esperia in São Paulo, established in 1899 as the city's inaugural rowing club by Italian immigrants, displays a white burgee with a light blue diagonal stripe from upper hoist to lower fly, accented by a light blue star in the lower hoist corner.^[110] In Santos, the Iate Clube de Santos maintains a burgee noted in the 1972 edition of Lloyd's Register of American Yachts, while the Clube Internacional de Regatas, founded in 1898, employs its own design symbolizing its regatta heritage.^[110][110] Further south in Paraná, the Iate Clube de Guaratuba's burgee divides light blue over red, with a white boat's helm positioned in the hoist.^[111] The Clube Náutico de Antonina also flies a distinctive burgee, reflecting local nautical traditions.^[111] Nationwide, clubs like the Cabanga Iate Clube de Pernambuco in Recife and the Iate Clube do Rio de Janeiro in Rio de Janeiro uphold similar practices, though precise burgee configurations are preserved in specialized maritime and flag databases rather than uniform national standards.^[112] These ensigns remain active identifiers for competitive and recreational sailing, emphasizing club prestige over commercial utility.^[112]

Proposed and Variant Flags

Historical Proposals

Following the proclamation of the Republic on November 15, 1889, a provisional national flag was briefly used from November 15 to 19, modifying the imperial design by replacing the crown atop the coat of arms with a Phrygian cap to symbolize republican liberty. This interim version retained the green field, yellow diamond, and armillary sphere but was superseded after four days by the positivist design ultimately adopted.^[113] Among early republican proposals in 1889 was one attributed to Lopes Trovão, featuring a design with prominent republican motifs, though details emphasized symbolic breaks from monarchy without widespread adoption.^[114] A liberal alternative proposed horizontal stripes of yellow over green with a hoist-side square of stars evoking the U.S. flag, intended to signal federal aspirations but rejected in favor of continuity with imperial colors.^[114] In 1890, José Maria da Silva Paranhos Júnior, Baron of Rio Branco, suggested a flag divided into three diagonal stripes—red, white, and black—representing Brazil's constituent races (European, indigenous, and African), overlaid with a central coat of arms akin to the imperial version but republicanized, possibly including stars on a blue bordure; this was not formally submitted to the Constitutional Assembly due to its radical departure from established colors.^[115].svg) Subsequent proposals sought refinements to the 1889 flag. In 1892, deputies led by Oliveira Valadão advocated removing the stars and motto "Ordem e Progresso," substituting a central republican coat of arms to simplify symbolism and emphasize governance over positivist ideology; Congress rejected it.^[115] Around 1908, Wenceslau Escobar proposed eliminating the white motto band entirely, critiquing its positivist overtones as insufficiently neutral for national unity, but this too failed.^[115] That same year, Eurico de Goés outlined a return to imperial lines minus the shield and crown, centering a single star for the republic, positioned as a conservative critique of the prevailing design's perceived excesses.^[115] In 1933, amid constitutional debates, Clóvis Ribeiro submitted multiple variants, including one retaining core elements but adjusting the starry globe and motto placement for aesthetic or symbolic tweaks; these were not enacted, preserving the 1889 framework despite ongoing vexillological discourse..svg)

Modern and Conceptual Proposals

In the 21st century, conceptual proposals for the Brazilian flag have largely arisen from designers, artists, and civic initiatives seeking to refresh its symbolism, enhance aesthetic scalability, or incorporate elements reflecting evolving national identity, though none have led to official adoption. These efforts often critique the density of stars in the celestial globe or the motto's perceived inadequacy in capturing contemporary values, prioritizing simplicity and modern visual appeal in line with vexillological principles.^[116] A prominent 2017 proposal by scenic designer Hans Donner featured a gradient transition from green to yellow across the field, retaining the yellow rhombus and blue globe with 27 stars but replacing the traditional motto with "Amor, Ordem e Progresso" to foreground affection as foundational to societal order. Donner, known for set designs on Brazil's Big Brother program, argued the update would symbolize unity amid division, using degradé effects for a dynamic, contemporary look without altering core colors derived from the empire era.^[116][117] For the 2022 bicentennial of Brazil's independence from Portugal on September 7, 1822, artists produced unofficial reinterpretations emphasizing innovation, such as altered color palettes and abstracted forms of the green field, yellow diamond, and starry globe, while evoking the original 1822 flag's simplicity. These conceptual works, exhibited in cultural events, aimed to provoke reflection on national evolution rather than prescribe changes, with examples including multicolored variants symbolizing diversity and hybrid designs blending indigenous motifs.^[118] Other modern concepts, circulated via online platforms since the 2010s, include simplified versions removing or repositioning stars for better scalability on digital media and uniforms, or proposals aligning star placements with state capitals' geographic positions and sizes proportional to population, as in a design that gained viral attention in early 2025. Such ideas draw from critiques of the 1889 flag's complexity, which includes stars fixed to September 15, 1822, configurations, but lack institutional backing and remain speculative.^[119]