Hubbry Logo
New London County, ConnecticutNew London County, ConnecticutMain
Open search
New London County, Connecticut
Community hub
New London County, Connecticut
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
New London County, Connecticut
New London County, Connecticut
New London County, Connecticut
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

Map
Interactive map of New London County, Connecticut

Key Information

New London County is a county in the southeastern corner of Connecticut and comprises the Norwich-New London, Connecticut Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Hartford-East Hartford, Connecticut Combined Statistical Area. There is no county government and no county seat, as is the case with all eight of Connecticut's counties; towns are responsible for all local government activities, including fire and rescue, snow removal, and schools.

New London County contains reservations of four of the five state-recognized Indian tribes, although the Paugassett were historically located farther west. The population was 268,555 as of the 2020 census.[1]

On June 6, 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau formally recognized Connecticut's nine councils of governments as county equivalents instead of the state's eight counties. Connecticut's county governments were disbanded in 1960, and the councils of governments took over some of the local governmental functions. Connecticut's eight historical counties continue to exist in name only, and are no longer considered for statistical purposes.[2]

History

[edit]

Southeastern New England was dominated by the Pequot people at the time of English colonization. They spoke the Mohegan-Pequot language and were one of the Algonquian-speaking tribes in the coastal areas. After years of conflict, the Colonists and their Indian allies defeated the Pequots in the Pequot War of 1637, ending their dominance. Two descendant Pequot tribes are recognized by the state today, as are three other tribes.

New London County was one of four original counties in Connecticut that were established on May 10, 1666, by an act of the Connecticut General Court, which states:

This Court orders that from the Paukatuck River wth
Norridge to ye west bounds of Homonoscet Plantation[a] shalbe
for future one County, wch County is called the County of
N: London. And it is ordered that the County Court shalbe
held at N. London the first Wednesday in June and the third
Thursday in September yearly.[3]

New London County in 1666 consisted of the towns of Stonington, Norwich, New London, and Saybrook. The "Homonoscet Plantation" was settled in March 1663, at first as Kenilworth, but was incorporated as the town of Killingworth in 1667.[4] Several new towns were incorporated and added to New London over the next few decades: Preston in 1687, Colchester in 1699, and Lebanon in 1700. The settlements along the Quinebaug Valley were placed in New London County in 1697, and incorporated as Plainfield in 1699. By 1717, more towns were established in northeastern Connecticut and added to New London County between the Quinebaug Valley and the Rhode Island border.

Windham County was constituted from Hartford and New London counties on May 12, 1726, consisting of towns in northeastern Connecticut. New London County lost the towns of Voluntown, Pomfret, Killingly, Canterbury, Plainfield, and Lebanon to the newly formed county. In 1785, Middlesex County was constituted, consisting of towns along the lower Connecticut River Valley, taking away the towns of Killingworth and Saybrook from New London County. Several additional boundary adjustments took place in the 19th century: the establishment of the town of Marlborough in 1803, the transfer of the town of Lebanon from Windham County in 1824, and the transfer of the town of Voluntown from Windham County in 1881.[5]

Geography

[edit]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 772 square miles (2,000 km2), of which 665 square miles (1,720 km2) is land and 107 square miles (280 km2) (13.8%) is water.[6]

The terrain of the county is mostly level, becoming more elevated only in its northern extreme. The highest point in the county is Gates Hill in the Town of Lebanon at approximately 660 feet (200 m) above sea level, and the lowest point is sea level.

Adjacent counties

[edit]

Government and municipal services

[edit]

As of 1960, counties in Connecticut do not have any associated county government structure. All municipal services are provided by the towns. Regional councils of governments were established throughout the state in 1989 in order to address regional issues concerning infrastructure, land use, and economic development. Most of the towns of New London County are part of the Southeastern Connecticut Council of Governments, the exceptions being the towns of Lyme, Old Lyme, and Lebanon. Lyme and Old Lyme are part of the Connecticut River Estuary Regional Planning Agency, while Lebanon is part of the Windham Regional Council of Governments.

Judicial

[edit]

The geographic area of the county is coterminous with the New London judicial district, with the superior courts located in the cities of New London and Norwich.

Law enforcement

[edit]

Law enforcement within the geographic area of the county is provided by the respective town police departments. Prior to 2000, a County Sheriff's Department existed for the purpose of executing judicial warrants, prisoner transport, and court security. These responsibilities have now been taken over by the Connecticut State Marshal System.

Fire protection

[edit]

Fire protection in the county is provided by the towns. Several towns also have fire districts that provide services to a section of the town.

Water service

[edit]

Water service to 12 of the 21 towns of New London County is provided by a regional non-profit public corporation known as the Southeastern Water Authority. The Southeastern Water Authority supplies water to participating towns within New London County and is one of only two such county-wide public water service providers in the state. Seven towns receive water service from one or more private corporations. The city of Norwich and most of the town of Groton provide for their own water service.

Garbage disposal

[edit]

Several towns in New London County have organized the Southeastern Connecticut Regional Resources Recovery Authority. The participating towns are East Lyme, Griswold, Groton, Ledyard, Montville, New London, North Stonington, Norwich, Preston, Sprague, Stonington, and Waterford.

Education

[edit]

Education in the county area is usually provided by the individual town governments. The less populated towns of Lyme and Old Lyme have joined to form a single, regional school district (Region 18).

School districts include:[7]

K-12:

Elementary only:

There is also a privately endowed publicly funded school, Norwich Free Academy.

Politics

[edit]

Since 1952, New London County has voted for the presidential candidate that won Connecticut. In the last three presidential elections, Democratic strength was predominantly seen in the cities of New London and Norwich, as well as much of the county's southern and coastal areas. Conversely, Republican strength in the same elections was seen in the northern areas of the county.[8][9][10]

United States presidential election results for New London County, Connecticut[11]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2024 58,858 42.81% 76,190 55.41% 2,452 1.78%
2020 57,110 40.91% 79,459 56.92% 3,035 2.17%
2016 54,058 43.76% 62,278 50.42% 7,192 5.82%
2012 46,119 40.07% 67,144 58.33% 1,839 1.60%
2008 48,491 38.83% 74,776 59.88% 1,607 1.29%
2004 49,931 42.19% 66,062 55.81% 2,367 2.00%
2000 41,168 37.72% 60,449 55.38% 7,530 6.90%
1996 33,039 32.05% 54,377 52.74% 15,679 15.21%
1992 34,567 29.35% 49,808 42.29% 33,392 28.35%
1988 52,681 51.22% 48,882 47.53% 1,288 1.25%
1984 63,121 61.59% 38,857 37.91% 509 0.50%
1980 47,217 47.96% 36,628 37.21% 14,603 14.83%
1976 47,231 50.40% 45,908 48.98% 581 0.62%
1972 58,516 63.40% 32,935 35.68% 850 0.92%
1968 37,116 44.41% 41,507 49.66% 4,951 5.92%
1964 24,391 30.88% 54,551 69.06% 49 0.06%
1960 38,070 48.38% 40,625 51.62% 1 0.00%
1956 43,453 61.40% 27,317 38.60% 0 0.00%
1952 38,148 54.76% 31,374 45.03% 148 0.21%
1948 27,416 47.42% 29,425 50.90% 973 1.68%
1944 24,153 44.94% 29,304 54.53% 285 0.53%
1940 23,389 45.18% 28,286 54.63% 98 0.19%
1936 21,367 44.79% 24,999 52.41% 1,337 2.80%
1932 19,721 49.11% 19,576 48.75% 858 2.14%
1928 21,378 56.30% 16,299 42.93% 292 0.77%
1924 18,205 62.34% 8,615 29.50% 2,381 8.15%
1920 17,422 63.31% 9,209 33.46% 889 3.23%
1916 8,283 48.51% 8,322 48.74% 469 2.75%
1912 5,543 35.13% 6,942 44.00% 3,292 20.87%
1908 9,941 58.70% 6,549 38.67% 446 2.63%
1904 10,385 58.23% 7,093 39.77% 357 2.00%
1900 9,582 57.39% 6,824 40.87% 290 1.74%
1896 10,081 61.34% 5,771 35.11% 583 3.55%
1892 7,716 47.20% 7,998 48.93% 633 3.87%
1888 7,726 48.56% 7,582 47.65% 603 3.79%
1884 7,405 50.80% 6,601 45.28% 572 3.92%

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
179032,918—
180034,8886.0%
181034,707−0.5%
182035,9433.6%
183042,20117.4%
184044,4635.4%
185051,82116.5%
186061,73119.1%
187066,5707.8%
188073,1529.9%
189076,6344.8%
190082,7588.0%
191091,25310.3%
1920104,61114.6%
1930118,96613.7%
1940125,2245.3%
1950144,82115.6%
1960185,74528.3%
1970230,65424.2%
1980238,4093.4%
1990254,9576.9%
2000259,0881.6%
2010274,0555.8%
2020268,555−2.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[12]
1790-1960[13] 1900-1990[14]
1990-2000[15] 2010-2018[16]

2000 census

[edit]

As of the census[17] of 2000, there were 259,088 people, 99,835 households, and 67,188 families residing in the county. The population density was 389 people per square mile (150 people/km2). There were 110,674 housing units at an average density of 166 per square mile (64/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 87.00% White, 5.29% Black or African American, 0.96% Native American, 1.96% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 2.05% from other races, and 2.68% from two or more races. 5.11% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 13.8% were of Irish, 12.7% Italian, 10.8% English, 7.9% German, 7.1% Polish and 6.4% French ancestry, 90.1% spoke English, 4.5% Spanish and 1.1% French as their first language.

There were 99,835 households, out of which 32.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.50% were married couples living together, 11.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.70% were non-families. 26.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.40% under the age of 18, 8.60% from 18 to 24, 31.20% from 25 to 44, 22.80% from 45 to 64, and 13.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 97.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.50 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $50,646, and the median income for a family was $59,857. Males had a median income of $41,292 versus $30,525 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,678. About 4.50% of families and 6.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.80% of those under age 18 and 6.60% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

[edit]

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 274,055 people, 107,057 households, and 69,862 families residing in the county.[18] The population density was 412.2 inhabitants per square mile (159.2/km2). There were 120,994 housing units at an average density of 182.0 per square mile (70.3/km2).[19] The racial makeup of the county was 82.2% white, 5.8% black or African American, 4.2% Asian, 0.9% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 3.2% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 8.5% of the population.[18] In terms of ancestry, 18.9% were Irish, 15.2% were Italian, 14.8% were English, 11.6% were German, 9.6% were Polish, and 3.7% were American.[20]

Of the 107,057 households, 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.7% were non-families, and 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.98. The median age was 40.4 years.[18]

The median income for a household in the county was $65,419 and the median income for a family was $80,425. Males had a median income of $54,352 versus $41,721 for females. The per capita income for the county was $32,888. About 5.0% of families and 7.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.[21]

Demographic breakdown by town

[edit]

Income

[edit]
See also: List of Connecticut locations by per capita income

Data is from the 2010 United States Census and the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.[22][23]

Rank Town Per capita
income 		Median
household
income 		Median
family
income 		Population Number of
households
1 Lyme Town $64,506 $88,500 $98,500 2,406 1,033
2 Stonington Borough $64,224 $74,583 $96,667 929 531
3 Old Lyme Town $52,037 $92,024 $107,174 7,603 3,172
4 Stonington Town $42,184 $72,445 $86,029 18,545 8,115
5 Salem Town $41,414 $95,000 $106,875 4,151 1,525
6 North Stonington Town $39,588 $88,869 $96,125 5,297 2,052
7 Bozrah Town $38,339 $75,000 $99,625 2,627 1,007
8 Waterford Town $37,690 $69,810 $91,893 19,517 8,005
9 Ledyard Town $37,663 $85,321 $97,152 15,051 5,634
10 East Lyme Town $37,019 $79,815 $102,864 19,159 7,192
11 Colchester Town $35,479 $92,431 $101,860 16,068 5,915
12 Lebanon Town $34,608 $72,431 $80,566 7,308 2,644
13 Lisbon Town $33,685 $77,872 $86,469 4,338 1,659
14 Preston Town $32,956 $77,377 $86,435 4,726 1,869
15 Voluntown Town $32,760 $73,980 $76,197 2,603 1,002
16 Franklin Town $31,518 $74,226 $87,237 1,922 729
17 Sprague Town $31,226 $68,241 $78,438 2,984 1,135
18 Groton Town $31,110 $56,904 $67,465 40,115 15,809
19 Griswold Town $29,421 $59,295 $75,870 11,951 4,646
20 Groton City $28,872 $49,464 $52,366 10,389 4,182
21 Montville Town $28,492 $65,349 $80,156 19,571 6,942
22 Norwich City $26,702 $52,186 $62,616 40,493 16,599
23 Jewett City Borough $23,876 $39,334 $55,781 3,487 1,466
24 New London City $21,110 $43,551 $49,811 27,620 10,373

Race

[edit]

Data is from the 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates, "Race alone or in combination with one or more other races."[24]

Rank Town Population White Black Asian American
Indian 		Other Hispanic
1 Groton Town 40,190 83.9% 9.1% 6.1% 2.4% 4.8% 9.4%
2 Norwich City 40,085 79.4% 14.5% 8.3% 2.2% 5.6% 10.0%
3 New London City 27,550 64.5% 20.4% 5.0% 2.5% 13.5% 27.7%
4 Montville Town 19,505 82.8% 6.2% 7.1% 4.0% 3.8% 6.8%
5 Waterford Town 19,451 92.9% 3.7% 3.5% 0.4% 1.7% 4.1%
6 East Lyme Town 19,080 85.9% 5.8% 5.5% 1.1% 4.1% 6.7%
7 Stonington Town 18,482 96.0% 2.2% 2.2% 0.7% 1.3% 2.7%
8 Colchester Town 15,929 97.3% 3.3% 0.6% 0.8% 0.3% 3.8%
9 Ledyard Town 15,016 91.7% 2.3% 5.2% 4.4% 0.9% 4.0%
10 Griswold Town 11,837 94.6% 2.3% 3.3% 0.7% 0.9% 5.2%
11 Groton City 10,305 78.8% 14.9% 6.3% 2.5% 5.2% 11.0%
12 Old Lyme Town 7,583 99.1% 0.5% 0.8% 1.5% 0.3% 1.5%
13 Lebanon Town 7,268 98.5% 1.1% 2.3% 2.1% 0.6% 3.9%
14 North Stonington Town 5,272 96.6% 1.9% 1.1% 0.9% 0.5% 3.5%
15 Preston Town 4,729 89.8% 1.6% 8.5% 3.3% 1.0% 2.5%
16 Lisbon Town 4,322 96.8% 2.3% 1.9% 3.6% 0.0% 0.2%
17 Salem Town 4,118 94.3% 1.0% 6.7% 1.8% 0.5% 4.8%
18 Jewett City Borough 3,445 86.8% 6.6% 8.4% 0.5% 1.2% 8.2%
19 Sprague Town 2,983 90.5% 0.6% 6.1% 0.0% 2.7% 2.7%
20 Bozrah Town 2,603 94.7% 2.9% 1.6% 1.5% 1.0% 2.7%
21 Voluntown Town 2,603 98.4% 2.6% 1.2% 5.1% 0.2% 1.1%
22 Lyme Town 2,327 97.6% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 2.8% 1.5%
23 Franklin Town 1,958 98.8% 0.1% 0.2% 3.9% 0.2% 2.1%
24 Stonington Borough 1,069 98.4% 0.8% 0.7% 0.0% 0.1% 3.2%

Communities

[edit]
Map of New London County, Connecticut showing cities, boroughs, towns, CDPs, and Indian Reservations

Cities

[edit]

Towns

[edit]

Villages are named localities within towns, but have no separate corporate existence from the towns they are in.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

New London County, Connecticut

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
New London County is a county situated in the southeastern portion of , , along the Thames River and [Long Island Sound](/page/Long Island Sound). Established on May 10, 1666, as one of the state's original four counties, it spans 660.78 square miles of land and recorded a population of 268,555 in the . Although eliminated functional county governments in the , retaining counties primarily for statistical and historical purposes, New London County includes 21 municipalities such as New London, Groton, and , forming the Norwich-New London metropolitan area. The county's economy relies heavily on defense-related activities, including the in Groton—known as the "Home of the Submarine Force"—and submarine manufacturing at , alongside healthcare, advanced manufacturing, and tourism bolstered by major casinos like and operated by sovereign Native American tribes. Its coastal geography and maritime heritage, rooted in colonial-era settlement, , and , continue to shape local identity and development.

History

Pre-Colonial and Colonial Era

The territory encompassing present-day New London County formed part of the Pequot homeland, spanning approximately 250 square miles in southeastern along the coast and Thames River, where the Pequot maintained dominance over regional fur and trade networks prior to sustained European incursion. Archaeological and ethnohistorical evidence indicates Pequot villages clustered near rivers and coastal areas, supporting a semi-sedentary centered on cultivation, fishing, and seasonal hunting, with social organization under sachems like Sassacus exerting tributary influence over neighboring groups such as the . European contact introduced devastating epidemics, likely , which reduced Pequot numbers from potentially several thousand to around 3,000–4,000 by the mid-1630s, exacerbating intertribal tensions and weakening resistance to colonial expansion. Tensions escalated into the of 1636–1638, triggered by colonial ambitions to disrupt Pequot-Dutch trade monopolies and retaliate for the deaths of English traders in disputed incidents, including the 1636 killing of John Stone's crew. A coalition of , Plymouth, and colonists, allied with Narragansett and forces, launched preemptive strikes; the decisive Mystic Fort assault on May 26, 1637, resulted in 300–700 Pequot deaths by fire and gunfire, shattering their military capacity. The conflict concluded with the 1638 Treaty of Hartford, which confiscated Pequot lands, banned their name and language, and dispersed survivors—many enslaved in or the —effectively eliminating the tribe as a cohesive entity and opening southeastern for without significant native opposition. In 1646, John Winthrop Jr., seeking iron ore prospects and strategic river access, founded the English outpost of New London (originally Pequot Plantation) on the west bank of the Thames River, renaming and replanning the site from earlier abortive settlements like Saybrook. This nucleated settlement attracted Puritan families from and existing towns, establishing compact farms and a that supported early grain processing. Colonial expansion radiated outward, with satellite hamlets forming Groton (1649) and Stonington (1658) along the coast, prioritizing defensible harbor sites for trade over dispersed inland farming, though agriculture remained foundational through corn, livestock, and timber production. By the late 17th century, New London's economy integrated maritime pursuits with agrarian bases, exporting fish, furs acquired via native intermediaries, and naval stores to and the , while small-scale emerged around the harbor. , from dozens in 1650 to over 1,000 by 1700, reflected family-based migration and natural increase, with land grants fostering nucleated villages rather than sprawling plantations, constrained by rocky soils and native land claims resolved through purchases or conquest. This pattern persisted into the , as inland townships like (1659–1660) developed economies, though coastal reliance on shipping foreshadowed later whaling dominance, amid ongoing skirmishes like (1675–1676) that reinforced colonial fortifications.

Revolutionary War and Early Republic

New London emerged as a key privateering center during the , with local shipowners converting merchant vessels into armed privateers under letters of marque authorized by Congress on , 1776. These operations, regulated unlike , targeted British shipping, capturing numerous enemy vessels—including nine New York or privateers between March and June 1776—and contributing to an estimated $18 million in British losses from ports alone. New London's strategic harbor facilitated effective naval raids, distinguishing it among towns like Wethersfield, Norwich, and New Haven that also registered privateers. The port's prominence drew British retaliation on September 6, 1781, when — a native who had defected to the British in 1780 amid personal grievances and his wife's Loyalist influences—led approximately 1,600 British and Loyalist troops in a raid on New London. Ordered by General Sir Henry Clinton to divert Continental forces from Yorktown, the assault looted and burned over 140 buildings, inflicting damages equivalent to more than $500,000 and disrupting the privateer fleet. Concurrently, British forces overran Fort Griswold across the harbor, where American defenders suffered heavy casualties in what locals described as a massacre after surrender. While the region exhibited strong patriotic resolve, pockets of Loyalist sentiment persisted, with some residents supplying intelligence or provisions to British vessels like the Tory privateer Amazon, prompting vigilant local authorities to monitor potential collaborators. Following independence, New London rebuilt its maritime economy, leveraging its deepwater harbor for recovering shipping trade with the and initiating voyages that laid groundwork for later expansion; between 1718 and 1800, the port dispatched numerous expeditions amid post-war resurgence. In 1785, Connecticut's legislature redefined county boundaries by establishing Middlesex County from lower Valley towns previously under New London County, such as and Saybrook, thereby contracting New London County's territory to its core eastern shoreline and inland areas. This adjustment stabilized administrative lines as the region transitioned into the Early Republic, with shipping and nascent driving economic stabilization by the .

19th-Century Industrialization

In the early , New London County experienced a transition from agrarian and maritime economies to manufacturing, driven by water-powered textile mills along rivers like the Shetucket and Quinebaug. emerged as a leading industrial hub, with cotton mills such as the Shetucket Company established in Greeneville by , producing unfinished cloth for further processing. By mid-century, woolen mills like the Yantic Woolen Company (built 1865) and Ponemah Mills (started 1866) expanded operations, employing thousands in textile production that capitalized on local hydropower and proximity to ports for raw material imports. in New London sustained maritime industry, focusing on whaling vessels and transitioning to steamships amid declining markets, with yards constructing over 100 ships annually in peak years before 1860. Railroad development accelerated industrialization from the , connecting the county to broader markets; the Norwich and Worcester Railroad opened in 1831, facilitating freight of milled goods, while the New Haven, New London, and Stonington Railroad linked New London to southern lines by 1852. This infrastructure spurred , from approximately 32,900 in 1790 to 51,300 by 1850 per U.S. enumerations, fueled by Irish immigrants arriving post-1845 Great Famine to labor in mills and rail construction, comprising over half of Connecticut's foreign-born by 1870. Eastern European influx followed in the 1880s, diversifying the workforce amid factory expansions in , which by 1840 was Connecticut's largest manufacturing center. The Civil War (1861–1865) provided a temporary economic surge through provisioning contracts for textiles, uniforms, and ships, with Norwich mills ramping up output for Union needs and New London yards building naval vessels. Post-war, however, the county faced slumps from overproduction, the Panic of 1873, and competition from Southern mills, leading to factory closures and labor unrest; population growth slowed to 57,100 by 1900, reflecting uneven recovery.

20th-Century Military and Economic Expansion

The in Groton, established as the U.S. 's first dedicated facility in 1916, marked the onset of significant military expansion in the region during the early . This development, building on prior naval depot activities dating to 1868, positioned New London County as a hub for operations and maintenance, contributing to local employment through federal infrastructure projects under President Franklin D. Roosevelt's employment programs, which constructed over 26 warehouses, barracks, and workshops at the base. During , the adjacent division in Groton ramped up production, delivering 74 submarines to the U.S. , which bolstered national security efforts in the Pacific theater and sustained thousands of manufacturing jobs amid wartime demands. Post-World War II, the base and facility drove further growth during the , exemplified by the construction and commissioning of USS Nautilus (SSN-571), the world's first nuclear-powered submarine, in Groton on September 30, 1954. This innovation, dedicated by President in 1952, enabled advancements in undersea warfare capabilities, including sustained submerged operations that enhanced U.S. strategic deterrence against Soviet naval threats. By the late 1970s, defense-related employment in New London County reached nearly 25,000 workers, primarily at the submarine base and , offsetting declines in non-defense sectors that had previously dominated the local economy. The county's per capita income from military contracts ranked highest nationally by the early 1990s, underscoring the sector's role in stabilizing employment amid broader industrial shifts. Complementing military-driven growth, the late 20th century saw economic diversification through tribal gaming enterprises on sovereign lands within the county. Foxwoods Resort Casino, opened by the Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation in Ledyard on February 14, 1992, as a high-stakes bingo facility evolving into a full casino under federal Indian Gaming Regulatory Act provisions, generated immediate job creation in hospitality and gaming, countering approximately 10,000 prior losses from military downsizing. Mohegan Sun, launched by the Mohegan Tribe in Uncasville on October 12, 1996, further amplified this expansion, with both facilities operating under state memoranda of understanding that funneled revenue shares to Connecticut coffers—totaling billions statewide by century's end—while spurring ancillary sectors like construction and tourism without direct county taxation due to tribal sovereignty. These developments collectively reinforced the county's economic resilience, prioritizing verifiable fiscal inflows over speculative social costs.

Post-2000 Developments and Challenges

In 2005, the U.S. ruled in Kelo v. City of New London that the city's use of to seize private homes for a proposed private development project constituted a valid public use under the Fifth Amendment, prioritizing anticipated economic benefits over individual property rights. The decision enabled the condemnation of 15 properties in New London's neighborhood for a plan involving offices, a hotel, and a research facility led by the Corporation. However, the project collapsed when the lead developer, the New London Development Corporation, failed to secure financing amid changing economic conditions and Pfizer's relocation announcement in 2009, leaving the site as an undeveloped wasteland and exemplifying how government-backed takings can yield no tangible public benefit while eroding property protections. The county's heavy reliance on tribal casino revenues from and faced significant challenges following the 2008 financial recession, with combined gross revenues dropping from approximately $3.2 billion in 2006 to $1.9 billion by 2014 due to reduced and intensified competition from new casinos in neighboring states like and New York. revenues, a primary driver, declined sharply, prompting workforce reductions from peaks of over 12,800 at and 10,500 at to around 7,500 each by 2015, highlighting the vulnerability of localized gaming economies to broader market shifts without diversification. Sustainment of the Naval Submarine Base New London in Groton has required ongoing federal and state interventions amid post-2000 Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) processes and budget constraints, with Connecticut investing $7.7 million in infrastructure upgrades as recently as August 2025 to support Virginia-class submarine operations and avert potential closures. These efforts, including strategic enhancements post-2005 BRAC recommendations, have preserved the base's role in national defense despite debates over defense spending priorities, underscoring the county's economic dependence on sustained military procurement contracts. Recent infrastructure projects, such as the $311 million redevelopment of New London's State Pier for offshore wind staging—nearly triple the initial estimate—have encountered disputes, including a 2025 mediation and $11 million settlement with contractor Kiewit over soil stability and construction extras, delaying operations and raising questions about fiscal oversight in state-led port expansions. Concurrently, school funding conflicts have persisted, with New London Public Schools facing deficits exceeding $4 million in 2025 due to flat state allocations and local budget constraints, leading to proposed cuts in staff and programs despite available undesignated reserves, as reliance on property taxes exacerbates inequities in education financing.

Geography

Physical Landscape and Topography

New London County occupies a total area of 772 square miles, including 665 square miles of land and 107 square miles of water, primarily along its southern coastline on Long Island Sound. The landscape features a low-lying coastal plain in the southern portions, characterized by glacial till, outwash deposits, and irregular shorelines shaped by post-glacial rebound and marine erosion. This plain transitions northward into rolling hills and uplands, underlain by Neoproterozoic and Permian metamorphic bedrock such as gneisses and granites from the Gander and Avalon terranes. The Thames River, a 15-mile tidal estuary formed by the confluence of the Yantic and Shetucket Rivers, bisects the county from northwest to southeast, discharging into at New London and creating a drowned valley topography influenced by sea-level fluctuations since the . Elevations range from along the coast to a maximum of approximately 669 feet (204 meters) at Gates Hill in the town of , with an average elevation of about 246 feet (75 meters) across the county. Key coastal features include Fishers Island Sound, a bight of along the eastern boundary that separates the mainland from , and exposes shorelines to wave action and tidal currents. These areas exhibit vulnerabilities to , with historical shoreline change analyses documenting variable retreat rates driven by events and dynamics. Relative sea-level rise along the coast, measured at 10 to 12 inches per century—exceeding the global average due to and isostatic adjustments—exacerbates coastal instability, as evidenced by records from New London. Land cover in the county is dominated by forests, covering approximately 66% of the land area as natural forest in 2020 assessments derived from , reflecting the hilly interior's suitability for and coniferous growth on glacial soils. Agricultural uses occupy a minor fraction, with 24,070 acres classified as cropland in 2022, primarily in valley floors and cleared uplands, while the remainder includes developed areas and wetlands.

Climate and Environmental Features

New London County features a , with cold, snowy winters and warm, humid summers influenced by its coastal position along . Annual average temperatures hover around 51°F, ranging from lows of about 23°F to highs near 81°F, while totals approximately 50 inches yearly, including roughly 25 inches of snowfall concentrated from to . This pattern reflects broader variability, with frequent nor'easters delivering heavy rain or snow and occasional summer droughts, though long-term records show no uniform trend beyond natural fluctuations tied to Atlantic circulation patterns. The county has endured significant storm impacts, exemplified by the Great New England Hurricane of September 21, 1938, which made landfall as a Category 3 storm with sustained winds exceeding 100 mph and storm surges reaching 18 feet in coastal areas. In New London, the event demolished docks, flooded streets, and ignited fires after a tidal surge rammed the school ship into warehouses, causing short circuits and exacerbating wind-driven destruction across the Thames River waterfront. Such events underscore the region's exposure to rare but intense tropical cyclones, with historical data indicating irregular frequency rather than acceleration. Environmental management addresses legacy pollution from industrial and military activities, notably at the , designated a site due to contaminants like (cadmium, lead) and pesticides in soil, sediments, groundwater, and surface water. Remediation efforts, ongoing since the 1980s, have capped three landfills, removed over 3,000 tons of contaminated wetland soil, and completed eight targeted cleanups to mitigate risks to the Thames River estuary. Coastal biodiversity thrives in the county's salt marshes and state parks, which serve as critical habitats amid tidal fluctuations. Bluff Point State Park in Groton encompasses expansive marshes providing food, shelter, and breeding grounds for , species like alewife, and migratory birds, while Rocky Neck State Park in East Lyme supports the state's largest alewife run alongside diverse flora. These ecosystems demonstrate resilience, with accretion processes in eastern marshes historically countering erosion through sediment buildup and vegetation adaptation.

Adjacent Counties and Regional Context

New London County shares land borders with Windham County to the north, Middlesex County to the southwest, and Tolland County along its northwest corner. Its eastern extent is defined by , a maritime boundary separating it from . These boundaries position the county within 's southeastern quadrant, facilitating land-based interactions with inland Connecticut counties for regional trade and resource exchanges. The county's location, approximately 50 miles southeast of and 56 miles west of , supports commuting patterns to these urban centers for employment opportunities. Maritime connectivity via [Long Island Sound](/page/Long Island Sound) includes year-round ferry services, such as the linking New London to Orient Point, New York, which transports vehicles, passengers, and freight, enhancing cross-state trade flows. These links underscore the county's role in regional transportation networks, influencing migration and economic exchanges with adjacent areas.

Economy

Military and Defense Sector

The (SUBASE NLON), situated in Groton within New London County, serves as the U.S. Navy's principal East Coast facility for submarine operations, training, and maintenance, hosting over 70 tenant commands and employing more than 9,500 active-duty, reserve, and civilian personnel as of recent assessments. This workforce supports critical functions, including the homeporting and sustainment of Virginia-class fast-attack submarines, which form a cornerstone of the Navy's undersea warfare capabilities due to their advanced stealth, endurance, and multi-mission versatility. The base's Naval Submarine Support Facility coordinates repair and maintenance activities for these vessels, ensuring operational readiness amid growing demands for nuclear-powered fleets to counter peer adversaries. Historically, SUBASE NLON pioneered technology, with the commissioning of USS Nautilus (SSN-571) on September 30, 1954, marking the world's first operational nuclear-powered submarine and demonstrating the feasibility of unlimited submerged endurance. This innovation, developed in collaboration with local facilities, established the base's role in advancing propulsion and hull technologies essential for modern deterrence strategies. The base exerts substantial economic multiplier effects on New London County, with studies estimating an annual impact exceeding $3 billion through direct payroll, procurement, and induced spending, sustaining approximately 15,000 regional jobs tied to submarine-related activities. These effects stem from efficient resource allocation in defense imperatives, where the base's concentration of expertise optimizes national security investments over dispersed alternatives. Critics have raised concerns about local over-reliance on federal military funding, potentially exposing the economy to budget fluctuations or base realignment risks, as evidenced by the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) process. However, evaluations during BRAC highlighted the base's undervalued strategic contributions, including unique training infrastructure and proximity to industrial partners, prompting state-led enhancements to bolster its military value and affirm its irreplaceable role in undersea dominance.

Gambling Industry and Tribal Casinos

The Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation opened on February 15, 1992, in Ledyard, marking the first major casino in and leveraging federal tribal sovereignty under the of 1988 to operate on reservation land without state commercial gaming licenses. The followed with in Uncasville on October 12, 1996, expanding the region's gaming footprint and establishing both as key economic drivers in New London County. These facilities generated a combined total economic impact exceeding $2 billion annually in pre-pandemic assessments, supporting over 20,000 direct and indirect jobs through gaming, hospitality, and related sectors, though employment has fluctuated with market conditions. Tribal-state compacts, negotiated in the early , enabled revenue sharing from gross revenues—25% to the state in exchange for exclusivity against commercial —yielding over $8 billion to Connecticut's general fund and municipalities since , though annual payments have declined from a peak of $430 million in 2007 to around $255 million recently due to competition from neighboring states and online wagering. Foxwoods reported net revenues of $636.8 million for fiscal year 2023 (ended September 30), a 0.5% decrease from the prior year, while Mohegan's broader operations showed resilience through digital growth but faced domestic declines amid higher costs. Post-pandemic recovery benefited from pent-up , with slot revenues rebounding—e.g., Foxwoods at $30.7 million in June 2025—but critiques highlight vulnerability to regional saturation, including and , and expanded , which eroded traditional table and slot shares. Empirical data on social costs include elevated indicators, with Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling helpline calls rising 132% in 2024 compared to 2021, correlating with broader access including tribal casinos, though recent surges tie more directly to and legalization. State epidemiological profiles note 439 helpline contacts in 2021 alone, with patterns showing disproportionate impacts on males and those near gaming hubs, underscoring fiscal benefits alongside unmitigated externalities like addiction treatment demands without net positive causal offsets in metrics.

Tourism, Manufacturing, and Other Industries

Tourism in New London County relies heavily on and aquatic attractions, particularly in the Mystic area, which draws visitors through market appeal rather than subsidies. The Museum, a site focused on 19th-century seafaring, recorded 248,345 visitors in 2022, supporting local businesses via admissions and ancillary spending. Adjacent to it, the emphasizes marine exhibits and conservation, attracting substantial crowds that bolster regional without overlapping with casino or defense-driven visitation. Combined, these sites exemplify sustained private-sector draw, with county-wide expenditures historically generating jobs through visitor inflows, though recent precise figures emphasize attraction-specific attendance over aggregate spending to avoid conflation with state totals exceeding $11 billion in 2023. Manufacturing persists in niche areas like plastics processing and electronics components, underscoring adaptive production amid broader . Firms engage in custom and injection molding for industrial applications, maintaining output through specialized contracts rather than . in the region include assembly and OEM supply for , contributing to via technical expertise. These sectors employ workers in precision operations, with output tied to downstream demands in consumer and industrial , reflecting market viability over subsidized expansion. Agriculture generates steady value from and crops, with and as key drivers in a fragmented rural . The 2022 USDA Census reported a of agricultural products sold at $190.4 million county-wide, up 40% from 2017, driven partly by farm-related income. Eggs and account for over 50% of sales, far exceeding other categories, while operations contribute through fluid and products, sustaining local supply chains despite statewide declines in herd sizes. This output, valued above $50 million annually in segments, highlights efficiency in smaller-scale farming responsive to regional demands. The service sector dominates non-specialized employment, with retail trade and healthcare providing stable roles amid economic shifts. Retail outlets in coastal towns serve tourist and resident needs, offering from apparel to groceries through and independent operations. Healthcare facilities, including hospitals and clinics, employ thousands in patient care and support, adapting to demographic aging via private and nonprofit providers. These areas demonstrate market-driven durability, filling labor gaps left by contracting heavy industries and prioritizing consumer-oriented services.

Economic Metrics, Growth, and Critiques

In 2023, New London County's nominal reached $23.91 billion, reflecting a of approximately 7.5% from $19.22 billion in 2020, driven primarily by recoveries in defense-related manufacturing and service sectors following disruptions. Real GDP, adjusted for , grew to $19.69 billion in 2023 from $18.11 billion in 2020, indicating sustained expansion amid national economic rebound but highlighting vulnerability to federal spending cycles. The county's median household income stood at $79,040 in 2021, up from $75,831 the prior year, though this lags behind Connecticut's statewide median of around $83,000, underscoring uneven prosperity tied to sector-specific employment. rates have fluctuated between 2.3% and 4.8% from 2023 to late 2024, lower than the 5-7% ranges observed in prior decades during defense budget cuts, with recent lows attributable to stable military basing and recovery. Population growth supported modest , increasing from 266,868 in 2020 to 269,131 in 2021—a 0.85% rise—before stabilizing near 268,000 through 2023, bolstered by inflows rather than broad diversification. Local incentives, such as five-year property tax abatements up to 80% for qualifying improvements, have aided small enterprises by reducing startup barriers, though Connecticut's overall high environment (7.5% rate) limits broader appeal compared to lower-tax states. Critics argue the 's heavy reliance on federal defense contracts and tribal casino revenues—accounting for disproportionate shares of output—exposes it to external shocks, as evidenced by an 11.1% GDP contraction in 2020, the steepest among Connecticut counties, due to curtailed military activity and declines. Efforts at diversification into tech or renewables have faltered amid regulatory hurdles and welfare-oriented policies that discourage private investment, perpetuating a cycle of federal and gaming dependency over endogenous growth. Proponents counter that this structure provides recession-resistant stability, with casinos alone generating billions in indirect effects, though empirical data shows limited spillover to non-gaming small businesses.
YearNominal GDP ($ millions)Real GDP ($ millions, chained 2017 dollars)Unemployment Rate (%)
202019,22118,105~6.0 (pre-recovery avg.)
202120,38618,4184.5
202222,23719,0213.5
202323,91019,6923.2
Data compiled from U.S. via FRED; unemployment averaged annually.

Government and Administration

County-Level Governance

Connecticut abolished all county governments effective October 1, 1960, rendering counties like New London mere geographic and statistical subdivisions without operational authority or elected bodies. Consequently, New London County lacks a , county commissioners, or independent administrative structure, with pre-1960 functions such as judicial administration centralized at the state level. This framework eliminates intermediate county governance, directing services directly through state agencies and municipal entities. Limited county-level coordination occurs via voluntary regional councils of governments, such as the Southeastern Connecticut of Governments (SECOG), which facilitates planning for transportation, economic development, and emergency services among its 20 member municipalities in New London County. These councils, established under General Statutes Sections 4-124i through 4-124p, possess advisory powers but no taxing authority or mandatory enforcement, relying on consensus among towns for implementation. Prior to their abolition in 2000, county sheriffs in New London handled restricted duties including court security, prisoner transport, and civil process serving, but these transferred to a state marshal commission following voter approval of a . Connecticut's county abolition exemplifies a highly centralized state governance model, where Dillon's Rule predominates, subordinating local initiatives to legislative approval and contributing to inefficiencies like fragmented and uneven service delivery across municipalities. Any residual county-associated expenditures, such as those for regional bodies, derive indirectly from municipal revenues—comprising about 60% of funding statewide—and variable state grants, exacerbating fiscal pressures without dedicated county levies. This structure has drawn critique for overburdening towns with state-mandated costs while curtailing adaptive local governance.

Municipal Services and Infrastructure

Municipal services in New London County are primarily provided at the town and city level, given Connecticut's abolition of county governments in the 1960s, with delivered through a mix of career municipal departments and volunteer companies. The New London Fire Department operates as a full-time career agency, responding to fires, medical emergencies, and hazardous materials 24/7 across the city. In contrast, many rural and suburban areas depend on volunteer departments, such as the Bozrah Volunteer Fire Company, established in 1950, which handles fire suppression, EMS, and hazmat response. Connecticut statewide counts 300 fire departments, with approximately 8,337 volunteers comprising the majority of personnel, though recent declines in volunteer numbers have prompted state plans for resource sharing and potential regionalization to maintain coverage. Water supply and utilities vary by municipality, sourced largely from the Thames River watershed and managed by public systems or private providers like Aquarion Water Company, which serves portions including Mystic and other towns with weekly supply updates emphasizing conservation. The Department of oversees public supplies, with coverage extending to most residents via regulated systems mapped for compliance. Electricity costs average $305 monthly per household in the county, 24% above the national average, reflecting higher regional rates around 30.35¢ per kWh from 19 providers, which may indicate inefficiencies in distribution or reliance on imported power amid limited local generation. In New London city, and sewer rates include connection fees up to $8,083 for fire services and abandonment costs of $1,500 for demolitions, billed at staff hourly rates for reviews. Waste management faces statewide challenges exacerbated in the county by the 2022 closure of the Materials Innovation and Recycling Authority (MIRA) facility, eliminating one-third of Connecticut's in-state disposal capacity (739,855 tons per year) and forcing reliance on out-of-state options or diversion programs. This has driven up costs for municipalities like New London, where decreasing regional capacity strains Department of resources and prompts initiatives like SMART waste reduction programs. The state allocated $7.5 million in 2025 for municipal diversion efforts to mitigate the crisis, but ongoing capacity shortages highlight vulnerabilities in long-term planning. Infrastructure disputes underscore service delivery strains, including a 2023 conflict over New London High School demolition, where the state refused reimbursement for millions in abatement and remediation costs, citing procedural issues despite local objections and a proposed legislative fix. Similarly, the State Pier redevelopment in New London, intended for offshore wind staging, ballooned to over $311 million amid contractor disputes, culminating in an $11 million settlement with Kiewit Infrastructure in October 2025 to resolve claims of $35 million in extra work. These cases reveal inefficiencies in project oversight and funding, contributing to elevated municipal costs without proportional service expansions.

Judicial and Law Enforcement Systems

The judicial system for New London County operates under Connecticut's unified state court structure, with the New London Judicial District covering the entire county. The , housed at 70 Huntington Street in New London, adjudicates civil, criminal, family, and juvenile matters, excluding those reserved for probate courts. Judges are appointed through a merit selection process involving legislative confirmation, serving terms of eight years. Law enforcement in the county relies on a combination of departments in major cities such as New London, , and Groton, alongside support from the . Troop E, based in Montville, provides primary policing for rural and unincorporated areas, including traffic enforcement and investigative services. Local agencies handle the bulk of daily operations, with urban departments addressing higher incident volumes tied to population density. Crime statistics indicate elevated rates in urban centers within the county, consistent with patterns observed statewide where and economic deprivation correlate strongly with offense frequency. The New London Judicial District ranked seventh in reported violent crimes and ninth in property crimes among Connecticut's districts, reflecting concentrations in areas like New London city. These disparities arise from causal factors including and household income below the state median, rather than enforcement disparities. Responses to the opioid crisis have included expanded treatment access, with organizations like the Southeastern Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence providing and outpatient programs. Overdose deaths peaked at 134 in the county before declining significantly through interventions such as distribution and coordinated regional efforts. Incarceration trends show a county rate of 276 per 100,000 residents, driven by commitments from urban jurisdictions where socioeconomic stressors exacerbate substance-related and property offenses. Statewide reforms have reduced overall populations, yet local patterns persist due to unresolved underlying drivers like addiction and limited .

Education and Public Institutions

Public education in New London County is administered through 21 independent school districts aligned with the county's municipalities, serving students from through grade 12. Countywide, public high schools achieve a four-year adjusted cohort graduation rate of 89% for the class of 2023, matching Connecticut's statewide average. Proficiency on state assessments averages 42% in and a comparable level in reading/language arts across elementary and secondary grades, placing outcomes at or below national medians despite the state's high per-pupil expenditures exceeding $20,000 annually. In urban districts such as New London, performance lags further, with only 12% of students proficient in and 23% in reading, alongside a district graduation rate of 69%. Achievement gaps by are evident, with low-income students scoring 20-30 percentage points below peers on standardized tests, a pattern exacerbated by concentrated in cities like New London and . Connecticut's teacher unions, including the Connecticut Education Association, have shaped district operations through agreements that emphasize seniority-based protections, generous pensions, and resistance to evaluation reforms, contributing to persistent underperformance relative to funding levels; for instance, state per-pupil spending ranks second nationally, yet scores remain stagnant over decades. Critics argue this structure prioritizes adult employment security over instructional efficacy, as evidenced by union opposition to expansions and merit pay, which correlate with better outcomes in non-unionized settings. School funding in the county relies heavily on local property taxes augmented by state equalization grants, totaling over $400 million annually across districts, but faces strains from declining enrollment and federal aid reductions; New London alone lost access to $14 million in federal programs in 2025 due to administrative freezes. Local disputes, such as New London's 2025 over positions and undesignated reserves exceeding $19 million, underscore tensions between and union demands for stable staffing, often delaying projects like high school renovations. Higher education options include , a private liberal arts institution in New London enrolling about 1,900 undergraduates in programs emphasizing interdisciplinary studies; the , a tuition-free federal service academy in New London commissioning approximately 250 ensigns annually after four years of rigorous training in engineering, management, and maritime policy; , a private college in New London focused on for neurodiverse students; and CT State Three Rivers, a public in offering associate degrees and certificates in over 60 fields, serving 3,000 students with pathways to four-year transfers or workforce entry. These institutions contribute to the county's intellectual and economic fabric, though public K-12 feeders show variable college readiness, with only 40-50% of graduates meeting benchmarks in urban districts. New London County exhibits a political composition that leans Democratic overall, consistent with Connecticut's statewide trends, though with notable variations between urban centers and suburban or rural areas. In the 2020 , Democratic nominee received approximately 57% of the vote countywide, compared to 41% for Republican incumbent , reflecting a Democratic margin narrower than the state's 59%-39% split. By the 2024 , secured 55% countywide against 's 43%, a slight rightward shift amid national Republican gains, though still a Democratic victory. Cities such as New London and , with higher densities of working-class and minority voters, consistently favor Democrats by margins exceeding 60% in recent cycles, driven by urban socioeconomic factors. In contrast, suburban towns like Waterford, Stonington, and Ledyard—home to operations and defense-related employment—tilt Republican, often by 5-15% edges, underscoring a rural-suburban conservative divide on issues like taxation and regulation. The county falls entirely within , represented by Democrat Joe Courtney since 2007, who has won reelection with comfortable margins, such as 61%-39% in 2022, bolstered by bipartisan support for defense priorities tied to the Groton . State legislative representation includes a Democratic majority across the county's portions of Senate Districts 19 (Cathy Osten, D), 20 (Martha Marx, D), and 33 (Gennaro Bizzarro, D), alongside House districts featuring Democrats like (New London) and Republicans in select rural seats, such as those in eastern towns. This mix reflects localized priorities, with Democrats dominating urban delegations and Republicans holding ground in exurban areas. Key political trends revolve around defense spending and casino governance, given the county's economic anchors. The presence of in Groton fosters broad support for naval funding, crossing party lines; Courtney, a Democrat, routinely secures Republican votes on contracts, as evidenced by his role in the 2023 defense authorization exceeding $886 billion. Casino regulations remain contentious, with in Ledyard and in Montville generating tribal-state revenue-sharing disputes; proposals for off-reservation expansions, like the aborted East Windsor project in 2019, highlighted tensions between preserving tribal exclusivity and competing commercial gaming, often pitting eastern Connecticut legislators against urban interests. Voter turnout in these issue-driven contests has trended downward since 2020, from 72% to 68% in 2024, amid stable but polarized affiliations.

Demographics

Historical Population Changes

The population of New London County increased steadily during the early , rising from 82,758 in 1900 to 125,224 in 1940, reflecting broader industrialization and the region's maritime economy centered on and . Post-World War II expansion of the and submarine manufacturing at in Groton spurred significant influxes of , defense workers, and their families, driving the county's population from 125,224 in 1940 to 185,745 in 1960—a 48% increase over the decade. Growth slowed markedly in the amid national , as employment declined sharply due to , , and recessions, leading to only modest gains from 230,348 in 1970 to 238,409 in 1980 before resuming at a tempered pace to 254,957 by 1990.
Decennial Census YearPopulation
190082,758
191091,253
1920104,611
1930118,966
1940125,224
1950144,821
1960185,745
1970230,348
1980238,409
1990254,957

Census Data: 2000, 2010, and 2020

According to the , New London County had a total of 259,088. Of this, 219,378 residents (84.7%) identified as alone, 15,790 (6.1%) as Black or African American alone, 13,212 (5.1%) as Asian alone, 2,246 (0.9%) as American Indian and Native alone, 148 (0.1%) as Native Hawaiian and Other alone, 4,596 (1.8%) as some other race alone, and 3,678 (1.4%) as two or more races. The county contained 99,835 households, with an average household size of 2.48 persons and an average family size of 3.01. The reported a of 274,055 for the county. Racial composition included 223,724 (81.6%) White alone, 16,170 (5.9%) Black or African American alone, 15,835 (5.8%) Asian alone, 2,233 (0.8%) American Indian and Alaska Native alone, 246 (0.1%) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone, 8,168 (3.0%) some other race alone, and 7,679 (2.8%) two or more races. The or Latino (of any race) stood at 24,058 (8.8%), reflecting an increase from 3.7% in 2000. units totaled 113,723, with 106,781 occupied households and an average household size of 2.51 persons. The reported a population of 268,555 for the county. White alone constituted 75.0% of the population. The Hispanic or Latino population (of any race) was 11.5%. Occupied households numbered 108,927. Median household income, based on the 1999 data from the 2000 census long form, was $45,728 (in 1999 dollars). For comparability with 2010, the 2006-2010 (reflecting the decade's economic profile) reported a median household income of $65,427 (in 2010 dollars). The 2016-2020 American Community Survey reported $77,202 (in 2020 dollars). Approximately 85% of the 2010 population resided in urban areas, consistent with the county's coastal and military-influenced density patterns observed in both censuses.
Demographic Metric2000 2010 2020
Total 259,088274,055268,555
Alone (%)84.781.675.0
or Latino (any race, %)3.78.811.5
Households99,835106,781108,927
Household Income$45,728 (1999 $)$65,427 (2010 $)$77,202 (2020 $)

Recent Population Estimates and Projections

The recorded a of 268,555 for New London County. U.S. Census Bureau estimates as of July 1, 2021, placed the county's at 268,248, indicating a minor decline of 0.1% from the census base, driven by net domestic out-migration exceeding natural increase (births minus deaths). Subsequent estimates through 2022 showed stabilization around 268,000, with limited annual fluctuation under 0.5%, reflecting broader trends of subdued growth amid economic pressures. Migration patterns contribute to this stasis: inflows tied to military relocations at sustain population in coastal areas, as service members and families cycle through the region, countering some outflows. However, net out-migration persists, with residents departing for lower-tax states like , where lost over 6,000 net migrants in recent IRS data, amplified by the state's high income and rates exceeding national medians. The county's median age stood at 41.4 years in 2021, signaling an aging demographic that tempers growth, as older residents (over 65) comprise nearly 19% of the while under 20 account for 21%, with low rates aligning with state patterns. No official county-level projections extend to 2025 from the Census Bureau, but state-level models suggest modest continuity near current levels absent major policy shifts, given historical declines from 274,076 in 2010.

Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Breakdown

According to estimates derived from U.S. Bureau data, approximately 74% of New London County's population identified as non- in recent years, comprising the largest racial group. Non- or African American residents accounted for about 5.2%, while Asian non- individuals made up roughly 4.8%. or Latino residents of any race constituted around 10%, with subgroups including (4.5%) and other categories. Smaller shares included those identifying as two or more races (3.5%) and American Indian or Native (0.5% countywide). American Indian and Alaska Native populations show geographic concentrations near tribal reservations, such as the Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation in Ledyard and the in Uncasville, where tribal members and descendants elevate local densities beyond the county average. New London County recorded one of Connecticut's higher counts of American Indian and Alaska Native residents at 6,363 as of recent estimates, reflecting these localized clusters amid broader rural and suburban distributions. Socioeconomic indicators reveal disparities correlated with racial and ethnic groups, including higher poverty rates among (around 15-20% in ACS samples) and residents (22% for Puerto Rican subgroups) compared to (under 6%). Educational attainment follows similar patterns, with and Asians exhibiting higher shares of bachelor's degrees or above (over 35% for Whites, higher for Asians) versus lower rates among and groups (under 20%). These differences align with urban concentration effects, where minority-heavy areas like parts of New London city report elevated poverty and reduced high school completion relative to whiter suburban zones.

Income, Poverty, and Labor Force Statistics

The median household in New London County was $79,040 as of 2022, per capita reached $39,131 in 2021, and average annual household stood at $134,184 in 2023, reflecting a mix of high-wage specialized and broader socioeconomic pressures. These figures lag slightly behind Connecticut's statewide median of $78,444, with county-level data indicating structural dependencies on localized high-skill jobs that amplify volatility absent diversified opportunities. Poverty affects approximately 10% of the county's , with rates climbing to 21% in urban centers like New London city, where limited access to stable, high-paying sectors correlates with elevated hardship—evident in 5,036 individuals below the poverty line in recent estimates. hovers at 12.2% countywide, underscoring causal ties to concentration rather than uniform regional factors. Labor force participation aligns closely with state trends at roughly 65%, supported by a labor force of 133,993 as of 2024, though effective engagement varies by access to anchor industries. remains low at 2.6% in late 2024, below national averages, yet masks risks in non-specialized towns.
MunicipalityMedian Household Income (2023)
Groton$69,811
$64,185
Income disparities, such as Groton's edge over , stem directly from proximity to defense-related employment hubs, which sustain higher wages but foster dependency models vulnerable to policy or contractual fluctuations—evident in Groton's advantages versus Norwich's broader retail and service reliance. This causal pattern highlights how uneven industry access perpetuates a 10-15% income gap between military-adjacent and inland communities, independent of demographic overlays.

Communities

Principal Cities

New London, with an estimated population of 27,560 as of July 1, 2023, functions as the county's primary port city. It serves as a hub for the , hosting the Coast Guard Academy and acting as homeport for vessels including the barque Eagle. The local economy relies on maritime activities, defense proximity, and emerging offshore wind operations, such as hosting the first U.S.-built installation vessel at its port in 2024. Norwich, estimated at 39,993 residents in 2024, originated as a colonial trading post and evolved into a 19th-century manufacturing center known for textiles and mills. It now provides regional commercial and public services, supporting a diversified in healthcare, , retail, and . Groton, encompassing a town population of 38,762 in 2024, centers on the , established in 1915, which employs thousands and anchors defense-related activities. Adjacent facility drives submarine design and construction, contributing significantly to local employment and economic output estimated at billions annually from naval operations.

Towns and Unincorporated Areas

New London County comprises 18 towns that function mainly as suburban residential communities, rural settlements, or small boroughs, contrasting with the denser principal cities. These towns vary in size and economic orientation, with populations ranging from under 2,000 in smaller rural areas like Franklin to over 19,000 in more developed suburbs. Ledyard, a suburban town along the Thames River, hosts the operated by the Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation, serving as a key driver of , , and commercial development amid its largely residential and historic districts. Stonington, the county's easternmost town facing the Atlantic Ocean, sustains a maritime economy rooted in and bolstered by in its villages and borough, preserving nautical heritage through restored homes and coastal access. Waterford, positioned between urban centers and beaches, operates primarily as a residential with 19,571 residents as of the census, featuring neighborhood amenities, parks, and interstate connectivity for commuters. Boroughs within these towns, such as Jewett City in Griswold and Stonington Borough, act as compact hubs for local commerce and housing, often with distinct governance and historic industrial or village characters. Rural and unincorporated portions of towns like Bozrah, , and Voluntown emphasize , supporting the county's 804 farms that encompass 25,000 acres of farmland focused on crops, , and production as of the 2022 USDA . These areas contribute to local food systems through family-operated operations and preserved open spaces.

Specialized Communities and Installations

The Mashantucket Pequot Tribal Nation maintains a sovereign reservation in Ledyard, spanning approximately 1,365 acres under tribal governance following federal recognition on October 18, 1983, via the Mashantucket Pequot Indian Claims Settlement Act. This reservation operates independently of state and county authority, hosting the , which opened in 1992 and exemplifies tribal economic through gaming enterprises immune to certain state regulations. Similarly, the governs its 1,400-acre reservation in Uncasville, Montville, as a sovereign entity recognized by the federal government on March 7, 1994. The reservation includes the casino complex, developed post-recognition to leverage tribal sovereignty for revenue generation, with operations exempt from Connecticut's direct taxation and regulatory oversight on tribal lands. Naval Submarine Base New London in Groton functions as a major , occupying over 680 acres under exclusive U.S. jurisdiction as regulated by federal entry protocols. Established in and designated the "Home of the Submarine Force," it supports more than 15 nuclear-powered submarines, submarine training, and maintenance facilities, with operations insulated from local governance through federal supremacy. Mystic, a historic village divided between Groton and Stonington, operates as a specialized cluster anchored by maritime heritage sites, including the Museum, which preserves 19th-century and seafaring artifacts across 19 acres. This concentration draws over 400,000 annual visitors, fostering a distinct community identity tied to preservation and experiential rather than conventional municipal structures.

References

  1. https://portal.ct.gov/choosect/regions/new-london
  2. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2021/counties/totals/co-est2021-chg-09.xlsx
  3. https://thereevesproject.org/data/tiki-index.php?page=CT_County_New_London
  4. https://datausa.io/profile/geo/new-london-county-ct
  5. https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/organization-and-administration/installations/sub-base-new-london.html
  6. https://developnewlondon.com/doing-business/major-employers/
  7. https://www.cga.ct.gov/hco/books/History_of_New_London_County.pdf
  8. https://pequotwar.org/about/
  9. https://portal.ct.gov/sde/publications/teaching-native-american-studies/eastern-pequot-tribal-nation/eptn-history
  10. https://www.mptn-nsn.gov/history/
  11. https://connecticuthistory.org/topics-page/pequot-war/
  12. https://connecticuthistory.org/people/john-winthrop-jr/
  13. https://www.colonialwarsct.org/1646.htm
  14. https://museumofcthistory.org/2015/08/john-winthrop-jr/
  15. https://www.achp.gov/preserve-america/community/new-london-connecticut
  16. https://urresearch.rochester.edu/fileDownloadForInstitutionalItem.action?itemId=8366&itemFileId=17652
  17. https://www.clairitage.com/2021/01/19/a-short-history-of-new-london-part-1/
  18. https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/caes/documents/publications/ahistoryofconnecticutagriculturepdf.pdf?rev=17ee9c4647eb4dc9af271488a7106b30&hash=C25124D1C844A75AB31532F843A1CFAF
  19. https://www.nlchs.org/privateering-out-of-new-london/
  20. https://connecticuthistory.org/legalized-piracy-connecticuts-revolutionary-war-privateers/
  21. http://dunhamwilcox.net/town_hist/nl-chap13.htm
  22. https://connecticuthistory.org/benedict-arnold-turns-and-burns-new-london/
  23. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/september-6/arnold-orders-burning-of-new-london
  24. https://allthingsliberty.com/2014/02/the-experience-of-new-london-tories-and-quakers/
  25. https://www.nlchs.org/online-exhibits/whaling-out-of-new-london/
  26. https://iconicnorwich.org/mfg-site-greeneville/
  27. https://iconicnorwich.org/mfg-site-taftville/
  28. https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1850/1850a/1850a-21.pdf
  29. https://connecticuthistory.org/late-19th-century-immigration-in-connecticut/
  30. https://otislibrarynorwich.org/2022/01/01/norwichs-industrial-rise-the-growth-of-manufacturing-and-commerce-in-the-19th-century/
  31. https://millmuseum.org/permanent-exhibits/temporary-exhibits/past-exhibits/the-cotton-connection/
  32. https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/bulletins/demographic/9-population-ct.pdf
  33. https://connecticuthistory.org/eras/the-industrial-united-states/
  34. https://todayincthistory.com/2019/04/11/april-11-new-london-sub-base-first-opens-as-naval-depot/
  35. https://www.gdeb.com/about/history/
  36. https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/ships/submarines/uss-nautilus.html
  37. https://todayincthistory.com/2025/06/14/june-14-the-nuclear-age-gets-a-game-changing-record-breaking-submarine-2/
  38. https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/17/nyregion/industry-retools-as-the-pentagon-cuts-back.html
  39. https://ictnews.org/archive/computer-study-says-pequot-casino-saved-the-connecticut-economy/
  40. https://www.cga.ct.gov/2013/rpt/2013-r-0373.htm
  41. https://ictnews.org/archive/report-foxwoods-mohegan-sun-crucial-to-connecticut-economy/
  42. https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/545/469/
  43. https://statecourtreport.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/assessing-state-reaction-supreme-courts-undermining-property-rights
  44. https://ictnews.org/archive/report-foxwoods-mohegan-sun-hard-hit-by-regional-gaming-expansion/
  45. https://hartfordbusiness.com/article/growing-competition-economy-cost-ct-casinos-12b/
  46. https://www.wshu.org/connecticut-news/2025-08-28/ct-new-london-naval-submarine-base-investment
  47. https://portal.ct.gov/OMA/Current-Issues/Current-Issues/Creating-Military-Value-in-Groton-Sub-Base
  48. https://ctmirror.org/2025/10/06/ct-port-authority-kiewit-state-pier/
  49. https://cea.org/flat-funding-real-consequences-new-london-marches-for-school-funding/
  50. https://uscountymaps.com/new-london-county-map-connecticut/
  51. https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3052/
  52. https://thamesriverbasinpartnership.org/thames/
  53. https://peakvisor.com/adm/new-london-county.html
  54. https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-1v76m2/New-London-County/
  55. https://www.epa.gov/climateimpacts/climate-change-connections-connecticut-coastline
  56. https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/DEEP/coastal-resources/coastal_management/coastal_hazards/plngreport29pdf.pdf
  57. https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1118/pdf/ofr2010-1118_report_508_rev042312.pdf
  58. https://www.globalforestwatch.org/dashboards/country/USA/7/6/
  59. https://www.nass.usda.gov/Publications/AgCensus/2022/Online_Resources/County_Profiles/Connecticut/cp09011.pdf
  60. https://en.climate-data.org/north-america/united-states-of-america/connecticut/new-london-18911/
  61. https://www.bestplaces.net/climate/city/connecticut/new_london
  62. https://connecticuthistory.org/the-hurricane-of-1938-rocks-connecticut/
  63. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/hurricane-path/
  64. https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.cleanup&id=0100261
  65. https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.Healthenv&id=0100261
  66. https://www.ppmco.com/heavily-contaminated-naval-superfund-site-shows-progress/
  67. https://portal.ct.gov/DEEP/State-Parks/Parks/Bluff-Point-State-Park/Biology
  68. https://www.nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/united-states/connecticut/rocky-neck-state-park/
  69. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6161497/
  70. https://www.maptrove.com/new-london-county-zip-code-map-connecticut.html
  71. https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/DEEP/gis/Resources/IndexCountyTLpdf.pdf
  72. https://www.longislandferry.com/
  73. https://nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/publications/coast-pilot/files/cp2/CPB2_C08_WEB.pdf
  74. https://installations.militaryonesource.mil/in-depth-overview/naval-submarine-base-new-london
  75. https://cnrma.cnic.navy.mil/Installations/SUBASE-New-London/
  76. https://www.sublant.usff.navy.mil/RSGG/
  77. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc24355/m2/1/high_res_d/BRAC-2005_11408.pdf
  78. https://www.southcoasttoday.com/story/business/1999/09/30/the-deal-that-built-foxwoods/50508939007/
  79. http://mohegangaming.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/TE-Mohegan-Impacts-2022-10-17.pdf
  80. https://oasis.library.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1173&context=grrj
  81. https://ctmirror.org/2020/01/29/sweeping-gambling-bill-is-meant-to-push-lamont/
  82. https://cdcgaming.com/brief/connecticut-casinos-net-revenues-were-down-slightly-in-fiscal-2023/
  83. https://www.casino.org/news/foxwoods-continues-evolution-amid-ever-changing-landscape/
  84. https://ctnewsjunkie.com/2025/07/17/foxwoods-reports-30-7-million-in-slot-revenue-for-june/
  85. https://www.ctinsider.com/news/article/connecticut-gambling-sports-betting-casino-games-20013181.php
  86. https://preventionportal.ctdata.org/products/2022%2520Gambling%2520Epidemiological%2520Profile_FINAL.pdf
  87. https://issuu.com/mysticseaport/docs/ms23021_annualreport_issuu/s/28564226
  88. https://www.mysticaquarium.org/support-us/ways-to-give/corporate-sponsorship/
  89. https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/decd/tourism/econimpactstudies/connecticut-tourism-economic-impact---2023.pdf
  90. https://impactplastics.co/
  91. https://altekelectronics.com/electronics-manufacturing-services-ct-ny-ma/
  92. https://ctrcd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/CTRCD-Connecticut-Food-Hub-Study-2018.pdf
  93. https://www.indeed.com/q-retail-l-new-london-county%2C-ct-jobs.html
  94. https://www.ctinsider.com/business/article/jobs-healthcare-pratt-whitney-electric-boat-amazon-20819236.php
  95. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPALL09011
  96. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/REALGDPALL09011
  97. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CTNEWL1URN
  98. https://newlondonct.gov/business-incentives
  99. https://www.cbia.com/news/economy/new-london-pandemic-hit/
  100. https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/dmhas/publications/2023-ct-final-report-jan312024.pdf
  101. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24140579_The_Economic_Impact_of_the_Mashantucket_Pequot_Tribal_Nation_Operations_on_Connecticut
  102. https://portal.ct.gov/SOTS/Register-Manual/Section-VI/Counties---Table-of-Contents
  103. https://portal.ct.gov/SOTS/Register-Manual/Section-VII/Regional-Councils-of-Governments
  104. https://ctcost.org/images/downloads/Municipal_Resources/2024_r_0073.pdf
  105. https://www.lincolninst.edu/app/uploads/legacy-files/ct_may_2021.pdf
  106. https://www.cga.ct.gov/2010/rpt/2010-R-0484.htm
  107. https://newlondonct.gov/fire-department
  108. https://www.bozrahfire.org/
  109. https://portal.ct.gov/cfpc/frequently-asked-questions
  110. https://www.ctinsider.com/recordjournal/article/ct-volunteer-firefighters-close-safety-plan-20812480.php
  111. https://www.aquarionwater.com/conservation/water-supply-update/ct-water-supply-updates
  112. https://portal.ct.gov/dph/drinking-water/dws/public-water-supply-map
  113. https://www.energysage.com/local-data/electricity-cost/ct/new-london-county/
  114. https://findenergy.com/ct/new-london-county-electricity/
  115. https://newlondonct.gov/filestorage/7495/7518/7924/7930/Water_%2526_Sewer_Rates_Effective_-_July_1st%252C_2025.pdf
  116. https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/deep/reduce_reuse_recycle/data/diversion_report_2024_3.pdf?rev=70afa4a7e67a4fa182f704eb4a8fe67e&hash=4186C1ADCCA5D3170E537DB52597DA0F
  117. https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/deep/reduce_reuse_recycle/data/2023/diversion_report_2025-final.pdf?rev=78610edcd6684ae59b1f206c1d05cbee&hash=F926D538AA54875F9F1BB76259695F1D
  118. https://nlpublicworksprojects.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Reducing-Waste-in-New-London-Presentation.pdf
  119. https://www.ctpublic.org/news/2025-04-18/ct-invests-7-5-million-more-for-waste-diversion-amid-trash-crisis
  120. https://www.courant.com/2023/01/29/ct-says-it-wont-pay-new-london-for-school-demo-work-heres-why-the-city-objects/
  121. https://www.wshu.org/connecticut-news/2025-07-16/ct-new-london-state-pier-port-authority
  122. https://theday.com/news/796405/11m-connecticut-port-authority-settlement-will-close-out-state-pier-project/
  123. https://ctexaminer.com/2025/07/16/connecticut-port-authority-headed-to-mediation-over-construction-dispute/
  124. https://www.jud.ct.gov/directory/directory/directions/31.htm
  125. https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/OVA/Services-by-County/NewLondonCountyPoliceDepartmentspdf.pdf
  126. https://portal.ct.gov/dcj/-/media/dcj-beta/data-reports/2025/new-london-data-report-2024.pdf?rev=d5db653f2696440c9833c96c549b3720
  127. http://courtney.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/rep-courtney-highlights-major-reduction-overdose-deaths-new-london
  128. https://www.wtnh.com/news/connecticut/new-report-reveals-where-people-in-connecticut-prisons-come-from/
  129. https://www.politico.com/2020-election/results/connecticut/
  130. https://www.politico.com/2024-election/results/connecticut/
  131. https://bestneighborhood.org/conservative-vs-liberal-map-new-london-county-ct/
  132. http://courtney.house.gov/about/full-biography
  133. https://www2.cbia.com/ga/New_London_CT_Legislators/-A2%2C-A%2C-ANew%2520London
  134. http://courtney.house.gov/
  135. https://ctmirror.org/2019/03/21/trump-administration-reconsiders-oks-casino-in-east-windsor/
  136. https://www.ctdata.org/blog/connecticut-2024-election-analysis
  137. https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML0419/ML041910437.pdf
  138. https://theleansubmariner.com/2017/08/15/new-london-the-cradle-of-submarine-life-in-america-yesterday-today-and-tomorrow/
  139. https://www.groton-ct.gov/visitors/a_history_of_groton.php
  140. https://oxfordre.com/americanhistory/americanhistory/abstract/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-574
  141. https://www.city-journal.org/article/connecticut-on-the-brink
  142. https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/decd/research-publications/populationstats/2000_census_ct_population.xls?rev=3e6044491ff24f709af9f496d99ef867&hash=5788CCA81D8C240DAE45BC450C33E4CF
  143. http://www1.ctdol.state.ct.us/lmi/affirm/2000_table_2.asp
  144. https://www.infoplease.com/us/census/connecticut/new-london-county
  145. https://www.scribd.com/document/50413194/2010-Census-Special-Report
  146. https://usafacts.org/data/topics/people-society/population-and-demographics/our-changing-population/state/connecticut/county/new-london-county/
  147. https://www2.census.gov/prod2/cen2010/cph-1-8.pdf
  148. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/newlondoncountyconnecticut
  149. https://data.census.gov/
  150. https://www.censusdots.com/race/new-london-county-ct-demographics
  151. https://censusreporter.org/profiles/05000US09011-new-london-county-ct/
  152. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MHICT09011A052NCEN
  153. https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/2010/cph-2/cph-2-8.pdf
  154. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2021/counties/totals/co-est2021-pop.xlsx
  155. https://yankeeinstitute.org/2024/07/15/ct-lost-population-income-in-new-irs-migration-trend-report/
  156. https://taxfoundation.org/data/all/state/state-population-change-2023/
  157. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2010-2020/intercensal/county/co-est2020int-pop-09.xlsx
  158. https://mptn-nsn.gov/
  159. https://www.ctdata.org/blog/native-american-heritage-month
  160. https://puerto-rican-studies-initiative-clas.media.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3555/2023/12/PopulationProfile_New-London_COUNTY.pdf
  161. https://statisticalatlas.com/county/Connecticut/New-London-County/Educational-Attainment
  162. https://www.ctdatahaven.org/sites/ctdatahaven/files/new_london_profile_v1.pdf
  163. https://datacommons.org/place/geoId/09011
  164. https://www.point2homes.com/US/Neighborhood/CT/New-London-County-Demographics.html
  165. https://countystories.ctdata.org/new-london-county/
  166. https://www.ctdatahaven.org/sites/ctdatahaven/files/new_london_equity_2023.pdf
  167. http://censusreporter.org/profiles/16000US0952280-new-london-ct/
  168. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CTNEWL1LFN
  169. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release/tables?rid=116&eid=253840
  170. http://censusreporter.org/profiles/16000US0934180-groton-ct/
  171. https://datacommons.org/ranking/Median_Income_Household/City/geoId/09180?h=geoId%252F09180&unit=%2524
  172. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/newlondoncityconnecticut/BZA110222
  173. https://portal.ct.gov/OMA/In-the-News/2021-News/Coast-Guards-Eagle-moving-to-City-Pier-in-New-London
  174. https://developnewlondon.com/
  175. https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/norwichtownsoutheasternconnecticutplanningregionconnecticut/LFE041223
  176. https://scoutcities.com/states/connecticut/cities/norwich-ct
  177. https://www.connecticut-demographics.com/groton-demographics
  178. https://secogct.gov/wp-content/uploads/Town-of-Groton-Economic-Profile-Horsley-Witten.pdf
  179. https://www1.ctdol.state.ct.us/lmi/misc/counties.asp
  180. https://www.ledyardct.org/35/About-Ledyard
  181. https://www.stonington-ct.gov/home/pages/about-stonington
  182. https://datacommons.org/ranking/Count_Person/City/geoId/09011
  183. https://waterfordct.org/452/Town-of-Waterford
  184. https://ctdairy.org/new-london-county/
  185. https://www.mohegan.nsn.us/about/government/tribal-sovereignty
  186. https://www.mohegan.nsn.us/
  187. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-32/subtitle-A/chapter-VI/subchapter-G/part-770/subpart-E
  188. https://mysticseaport.org/
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.