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The Type 08 (Chinese: 08式轮式装甲车族; pinyin: Líng bā Shì lúnshì zhuāngjiǎchē zú; lit. 'Type 08 wheeled armored vehicle family')[3] is a Chinese family of modern eight-wheeled, amphibious, modular armored vehicles developed by Norinco for infantry fire support, battlefield logistics, and quick reaction operations. Developed in the early 2000s, the vehicle family were produced for more than 6,000 hulls and widely deployed by the People's Liberation Army Ground Force and People's Liberation Army Marine Corps.[4]

Key Information

ZBL-08 is the designation for the infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) variant in the Type 08 vehicle family. The modular design offers a plethora of different configurations, including an armored personnel carrier (APC) variant, an assault gun variant, combat engineering variants, mine clearance variants, CBRN defense variants, 122 mm/155 mm self propelled howitzer (SPH) variants, air defense variants, self-propelled mortar variants, reconnaissance vehicle variants, command vehicle variants, and much more.

Development

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The development of the Type 08 vehicle family starts in the 1990s as the successor to other aging Chinese wheeled vehicles. Type 08 was first seen in 2006, undergoing road tests.[5]

Design

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Overview

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The Type 08 has modular design that allows customization of the vehicle based on mission. The vehicle consists of six modules: engine module, transmission module, control module, suspension module, hull module, and weapon station module. The vehicle is fitted with a digital battlefield management system, satellite navigation system, NBC protection, and automatic fire suppression system. It is able to datalink and communicate with other vehicles as well as the command posts.[5]

Protection

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The vehicle chassis and turret is made of all-welded steel with mounted alumina ceramic composite plates, providing protection against shell splinters, 12.7 mm armor-piercing incendiary rounds at 100 metres (330 ft) and 25 mm projectiles over the frontal arc at 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). The vehicle is fitted with smoke dischargers and laser warning receivers to improve survivability.[6][7] The vehicle is capable of all weather operation. The driver is equipped with a helmet-mounted night vision system fed from the CCD-based sensors fitted on the vehicle chassis.[8]

Armaments

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ZBL-08 infantry fighting vehicle, the standard variant of the Type 08 family, is equipped with ZPT-99 30 mm autocannon and Type 86 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun. Two HJ-73C ATGM rail launchers are mounted on both sides of the turret. The gunner is equipped with a computerized fire control system, gun stabilization with automatic tracking, laser rangefinder, and thermal imagining devices.[9]

ZSL-10 armored personnel carrier is equipped with an open-top armor-protected QJC-88 heavy machine gun and smoke discargers.[10]

ZTL-11 assault vehicle is fitted with ZPL-98A[11] 105 mm rifled gun with capability of launching armor piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS), high explosive (HE), and high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) ammunitions, as well as the indigenous GP105 105 mm gun-fired laser beam riding guided anti-tank missile (ATGM).[12][13][14] Secondary weapons include QJT-88 5.8 mm coaxial machine gun and QJC-88 12.7 mm roof-mounted heavy machine gun.[15] The turret of ZTL-11 is derived from the Type 05 amphibious tank, but with more smoke dischargers.[16] The assault vehicle is also fitted with ST-16[17] millimeter wave radar suite,[17] similar to the one mounted on Type 99A tank. The radar is designed for target identification (IFF), acquisition, and tracking.

Mobility

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Type 08 family is powered by the Deutz BF6M1015C water-cooled V-type 6-cylinder diesel engine, developing 330 kW (440 hp). The vehicle is equipped with automated manual transmission. The front four wheels are capable of power steering. The maximum speed is 100 km/h (62 mph) with an 800 km (500 mi) range on paved roads. The vehicle is fully amphibious, with hydraulically controlled water jets mounted to the rear. The vehicle is fitted with computer-controlled central tire inflation system and steel-reinforced radial tires to improve mobility under off-road and emergency situation.[18]

Variants

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Type 08 APC and Type 11 assault gun during the Vostok 2018 military exercises
ZBL-08 (Type 08) infantry fighting vehicle
Original IFV variant with a ZPT-99 30 mm turret based on Shipunov 2A72. It features a crew cabin in the back for infantry transportation. HJ-73C missiles can be optionally mounted on each side of the turret.
ZSL-10 (Type 10) armoured personnel carrier
Based on IFV variant but the modified crew cabin has a higher ceiling. The armored personnel carrier can be armed either with a manually controlled, armour-plate-protected 12.7 machine gun or a remote-controlled weapon station.[10] The APC is equipped with ten specialized shock-absorbing seats for additional comfort and protection against land mines and improvised explosive device (IED).[19]
Type 08 armored reconnaissance vehicle
Armed with a 30 mm turret, the vehicle has a chassis that is similar to the IFV variant. The Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle will advance before IFVs and assault guns for intelligence gathering. On-board high definition electro-optical cameras, thermal imaging systems, and laser designator can transmit battlefield and target information for other data-linked vehicles for target identification and designation. The Armored Reconnaissance Vehicle can provide better situational awareness for the infantry. The main radar and electro-optical sight is mounted on a retractable mast and is capable of data-link and image-sharing with other vehicles.[20][21] Aerial reconnaissance capabilities are provided with various unmanned aerial vehicles. All reconnaissance vehicles are equipped with a launch rail behind the turret, capable of launching ASN-15 with 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) range and one hour endurance. BZK UAV can also be stored and assembled on the spot if longer-range aerial reconnaissance is needed. In addition, individual scouts are equipped with hand-launched remote-controlled SUAV similar to RQ-11 Raven.[22]
Type 08 artillery reconnaissance vehicle
The vehicle chassis is based on the APC variant and armed with 12.7 mm machine gun and HJ-73C anti-tank missile. The artillery reconnaissance vehicles does not perform combat reconnaissance missions, instead focusing on target acquisition for artillery battalions, and collection of terrain and meteorological data through various observation instruments.[23][20]
Type 08 electro-optical reconnaissance vehicle
The vehicle chassis is based on the APC variant but with no turret and self-defense weapons. The prominent addition, compared to other reconnaissance variants, is a rapid-spinning electro-optical surveillance camera that creates a 360-degree panoramic video stream. The onboard sensor may include a daylight camera, an infrared-thermal camera, and a night vision camera.[20]
PLL-09 (Type 09) modular self-propelled howitzer system
Based on IFV variant. Can be armed with either a 122 mm or 155 mm howitzer, to provide indirect fire support for infantry.[24]
Type 11 Assault Gun
ZTL-11 (Type 11) assault gun
Armed with a 105 mm rifled gun, coaxial machine gun and 12.7 mm anti-air machine gun, the Assault gun is based on the IFV chassis and can provide direct fire support for infantry battalions and engage enemy light vehicles and stationary targets such as bunkers.[15][12] ZTL-11 shares a turret very similar to ZTD-05 amphibious assaults vehicle.[13] The vehicle is alternately designated ZLT-11.[7][25]
PLB-625 air defense variant
PGL-12 (Type 12) anti-air gun-missile system
Armed with a single-barrel 35 mm revolver autocannon, derived from the 35 mm anti-aircraft gun system on PGZ-09.[26] The turret is unmanned and remotely-operated by the crew inside the frontal compartment. A modular mounting provision for anti-air missiles is located at the forward-right side of the turret, with four TY-90 missiles seen on the export SWS2 version.[27][28] Above the turret, there are electronic fire controls including a thermal-tracking sight, a targeting radar, and a surveillance radar. The data collected by the radars can be data-linked back to the command and armored reconnaissance vehicles. Although the system shares the armaments with PGZ-09, the loading mechanism is completely different. Since PGL-12 only has one barrel (whereas PGZ-09 has two), the new gun system requires a higher fire rate for sufficient firepower density. The redesigned unmanned turret with proprietary revolving loading system can provide a 1000 rounds/minute rate of fire, increased from the 550 rounds/minute per barrel on the PGZ-09.[29]
PLB-625 air defense gun-missile system
PLB-625 is an 8x8 air defense vehicle[30] featuring a 6-barrel 25 mm Gatling-like rotary cannon and four FN-6B (FN-16)[31] for short-range air defense. Code-named "625", the variant was revealed under testing in 2021. It uses 25x287 mm ammunition technology with upgraded radar, computer system, and data-link. The 625 anti-air system will be paired with HQ-17A wheeled short-range air-defense system. The Gatling system was deemed by the PLA to be better at counter rocket, artillery, and mortar missions.[32] The vehicle is spotted in a military training mission at Tibet Military District.[33]
Type 08 command vehicle
With a modified chassis that has a much higher ceiling than the APC variant, the crew cabin provides a more spacious environment for commanders and staff. Equipped with satellite communication suite and battle management system, the command vehicle can move with the mechanized infantry for better battlefield management.[34]
Type 08 communication vehicle
Based on the command vehicle variant. It has additional communication equipment on board for the infantry battalion.[21]
Type 08 armored ambulance
Based on the command vehicle variant. Featuring a modified crew cabin with medical equipment, the Armored Ambulance variant has two Red Cross markers on each side of the vehicle body.[34][35][36]
Type 14 hazardous environment reconnaissance vehicle[37]
Based on the command vehicle variant. Equipped with sensors and equipment for hazardous detection involving nuclear, biological and chemical environment.
Type 08 electronic warfare vehicle
Based on the command vehicle variant but the satellite communication suite on top of the vehicle roof is replaced by a rectangular shaped radar with several small radar panels for Electronic Support Measures.[21]
GPZ-111A (Type 111A) assault breach vehicle
Based on the IFV variant.[38] It is equipped with mine plow, mine detection device, and rocket-projected mine clearing line charge (MICLIC).[4][39]
GQC-003 (Type 003) mobile bridge builder
Based on the IFV variant.[40] It is equipped with a vehicle-launched bridge on top of the hull.[21][41]
Type 08 armored recovery vehicle
Based on the IFV variant, the turret is replaced by a crane for emergency vehicle service.
Type 08 armored cargo vehicle
Based on the APC variant, the armored cargo vehicle has more bullet-proof windows on the vehicle body.
Type 08 engineering vehicle
The vehicle has a unique chassis. It is equipped with tools for road paving and obstacle neutralization. A bulldozer blade is fitted on the front of the vehicle and an excavator bucket is mounted on the front end of the roof. Waterline marks can also be found on the side of the vehicle hull.:[4]

Export variants

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VN-1
Export variant based on Type 08 IFV.[10] The VN-1C is armed with a 30 mm remote weapons station and a HJ-73 anti-tank missile.[42]
ST-1
Export variant based on Type 11 assault gun, armed with a L7 105mm rifled gun. The turret is also used on the WMA301 and ST-2.
ST-3
Hybrid artillery tank destroyer, armed with a high elevation 105mm gun, similar to the Al-Fahd AF-40-8-2 or XM1202 MCS.[43]
SH-11
Export-oriented 155 mm self-propelled howitzer armed with a 39-caliber gun, which can be replaced with a 52-caliber gun without changing the chassis. It features a fully automatic loading system and the latest generation of optics.[44][45]
VS27
Armored rescue vehicle[46]
VE36
Reconnaissance vehicle[46]
VE32A
Reconnaissance vehicle[46]
SWS-2
Export SHORAD gun/missile system variant of the VN-1. It is armed with a 35 mm cannon and four TY-90 surface-to-air missiles.[47][28] This vehicle is the export version of the PGL-12 anti-air artillery system, sharing the same modified Type 08 chassis.[48] In 2024, the SWS2 air defense system was updated, now with the additional designation "LD35". The SWS2/LD35 version uses an unmodified VN-1 chassis with a remotely-controlled turret. The turret has the same 35 mm cannon, but the missiles are replaced with six FB-10A.[28][49]
CS/SA5
Specialized air defense variant with a 6-barrel 30 mm Gatling gun and FN-6 or FB-10A missiles. First seen at Zhuhai Airshow 2014,[50] the early version of this export-oriented vehicle was based on a modified Type 08 IFV chassis.[51][52] At the Zhuhai Airshow 2021, a new version was revealed, which features a new 8x8 chassis closely resembling the Type 625E.[53] The turret included an air surveillance radar on the rear of the turret roof with a 2-axis adaptive-follow tracking radar situated on the starboard side of the surveillance radar while the thermal-tracking sight situated on the port side can provide visual information of the target through fire control computers.[54][55]
Type 625E
Specialized air defense variant with a 6-barrel 25 mm Gatling gun and FB-10A short-range missiles. It uses the new CS/SA5 8x8 chassis shown at the Zhuhai Airshow 2021.[55] The Type 625E is the export variant of the PLB-625.[54][30]
Yitian 2
Air defense missile system, continuation of Yitian.[56]
CS/AA5
Specialized IFV variants with a remote-controlled 40mm turret. The chassis of CS/AA5 is based on Type 08 IFV.[57]
AFT-10 ATGM carrier
First shown at the 2018 Zhuhai Airshow.
JRVG-1A anti-air gun system
First shown at the 2018 Zhuhai Airshow. The JRVG-1A uses a stretched 10x10 Type 08 chassis. The picture shown in the catalog differs from the presented vehicle. The lower rear section of the hull is wider, where the waterjets are mounted on the 8x8 versions, which the presented vehicle misses. A variant called JRVG-1B with a chassis similar to was PGZ-09/PLZ-05 listed in the catalog too. The vehicle is armed with a naval 76mm turret, which includes a detection and fire control radar like the Italian Otomatic SPAAG. A water cooling system allows a fire rate of up to 300rpm.[58][59]

Operators

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Map with Type 08 operators in blue
 People's Republic of China
 Gabon
 Nigeria
 Thailand
  • The Royal Thai Army (RTA) signed a contract to purchase 38 VN-1 IFVs for first batch.[63] Thailand ordered 37 more vehicles for second batch.[64] The VN-1 was put into service in February 2021 with the 2nd Cavalry Regiment.[65]
 Venezuela

Potential operators

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Argentina
The Argentine Army shows interest in buying the Type 08.[67]

Failed bids

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Brazil
The Chinese government offered the ST-1 to the Brazilian Army in April 2021, under the Army's "VBC Cav" program to obtain 221 units of an 8 x 8 assault gun, for the replacement of the EE-9 Cascavel in operation since 1974.[68] The Italian Centauro 2 was selected instead.
Morocco
In September 2024, it was reported that Indian Wheeled Armoured Platform (WhAP), produced by Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) defeated China’s Type-08 armoured vehicle to produce up to 100 IFVs for the Morocco’s National Defence Administration.[69]
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  • ZBL-08 IFV in camouflage
    ZBL-08 IFV in camouflage
  • ZTL-11 at Theme Exhibition of the 90th Anniversary of Chinese People's Liberation Army.
    ZTL-11 at Theme Exhibition of the 90th Anniversary of Chinese People's Liberation Army.
  • Smoke discharges on ZTL-11 assault gun
    Smoke discharges on ZTL-11 assault gun
  • Chinese and Russian soldiers checking the ZTL-11 assault gun at Sibu/Interaction-2021 military exercises
    Chinese and Russian soldiers checking the ZTL-11 assault gun at Sibu/Interaction-2021 military exercises
  • Rear side of ZTL-11
    Rear side of ZTL-11

See also

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Related development
  • ZBD-03 - airborne combat vehicle developed by China
  • ZBD-04 - tracked infantry fighting vehicle developed by China
  • ZBD-05 - amphibious fighting vehicle developed by China
  • Type 07P - infantry fighting vehicle developed by China for export sales
Comparable ground systems

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Type 08

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The Type 08 is a family of modern 8×8 wheeled amphibious armored vehicles developed by for the , designed primarily for infantry fire support, rapid deployment, battlefield logistics, and modular combat roles across various terrains. Introduced in the late 2000s, the platform emphasizes high mobility, amphibious capability, and interchangeability of mission modules to enhance the PLA's operations. The core variant, the ZBL-08 (IFV), features a three-person plus capacity for up to seven passengers, with a combat weight of approximately 21 metric tons and a top road speed exceeding 100 km/h powered by a 440-horsepower . It is armed with a 30 mm ZPT-99 autocannon in a remote-controlled turret, a 7.62 mm , and HJ-73C anti-tank guided missiles (with four launchers and two reloads), providing direct fire support against armored threats and . The vehicle's hull offers protection against and fragments, with optional aluminum-composite applique armor kits for enhanced survivability, while water jets enable full amphibious operations at speeds up to 8 km/h. Beyond the IFV, the Type 08 family includes specialized variants such as the ZSL-08 wheeled armored personnel carrier for troop transport, the ZTL-11 wheeled with a 105 mm rifled gun for anti-tank roles, command post vehicles, and recovery platforms, all sharing a common for streamlined and maintenance. This modularity allows rapid reconfiguration for diverse missions, from urban to amphibious assaults, reflecting China's focus on versatile, capabilities in the .

Development

Origins and Requirements

The development of the Type 08 family of armored vehicles, including the ZBL-08 infantry fighting vehicle variant, originated from the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) push for modernization in the late and early , aiming to create a versatile, wheeled platform to modernize and replace older armored systems, enhancing brigade-level rapid reaction capabilities. As part of China's broader military reforms, the program sought to address deficiencies in mobility, modularity, and amphibious operations for units, drawing inspiration from Western designs like the U.S. to support quick deployment in varied terrains, including urban, littoral, and high-altitude environments. , China's state-owned defense conglomerate, led the effort starting around 2000, with initial operational capability achieved by 2008–2009, aligning with the PLA's goal of fielding a family of vehicles for , , and roles. Key requirements emphasized a common wheeled for cost-effective production and interchangeability across variants, with a focus on high tactical mobility—top speeds of 100 km/h on roads, operational range exceeding 800 km, and water speeds of at least 8 km/h via water jets—to enable rapid maneuver in joint operations. Protection standards included resistance to 12.7mm small arms fire and fragments across the hull, with enhanced frontal armor against 25mm rounds at 1 km, while maintaining a combat weight of approximately 21 tons, allowing air transportability by Y-20 . Firepower needs centered on integrating a 30mm and anti-tank guided missiles for support, alongside capacity for a of three plus seven dismounted troops, to fulfill the PLA's of combined arms warfare emphasizing speed over heavy armor. These specifications reflected the PLA's strategic shift toward expeditionary forces capable of responding to regional contingencies, such as those in the or along border areas.

Prototyping and Testing

The development of the Type 08 family, including the ZBL-08 variant, began with evaluations of options in 2000, where prototypes from the and Northern Heavy Machinery plants were considered for the wheeled platform. A emerged in 2006, advancing the design. The Northern Heavy Machinery program, featuring an H-type transmission and , was ultimately selected to advance the design. By , the design had been finalized, marking the transition from prototyping to initial production phases under Norinco's oversight. The ZBL-08 made its international debut at the International Defense Exhibition (IDEX) in February 2009, showcasing its 8x8 configuration, amphibious capabilities, and modular armament to potential export partners. Following this, the vehicle underwent scheduled competitive performance testing in later that year to validate its mobility, firepower, and protection features against regional requirements. Domestically, the Type 08 series entered limited production in 2009 and received its first public unveiling during China's military parade on October 1, 2009, demonstrating the PLA's formations. Export variants, such as the VN-1, later underwent additional trials; for instance, conducted evaluations of the VN-1 in 2014 to assess its suitability for South American terrain, though no major acquisition followed. These prototyping and testing efforts emphasized the vehicle's rapid deployment potential, with key metrics like a top road speed exceeding 100 km/h and amphibious propulsion achieving over 8 km/h in water, confirming its role in high-mobility operations.

Design

Chassis and Powertrain

The Type 08 family utilizes a modular 8×8 wheeled as its foundational platform, enabling rapid adaptation across fighting, , and support roles within the . This configuration provides all-wheel drive, with steering on the front two axles for enhanced maneuverability, and incorporates run-flat tires along with a to maintain mobility even after tire damage. The supports amphibious operations through two rear-mounted water jets, allowing the vehicle to achieve speeds of approximately 8 km/h in water while fording depths up to 1.2 m without preparation. The suspension system features independent hydro-pneumatic units on each of the eight wheels, offering adjustable ground clearance from 0.25 m to 0.45 m and superior cross-country compared to rigid-axle designs in earlier Chinese wheeled vehicles. This setup enables the vehicle to negotiate vertical obstacles up to 0.5 m, trenches of 0.9 m, 60% gradients, and 30% side slopes, contributing to a of about 21 hp/t in the base ZBL-08 variant. The modular construction, comprising separate engine, transmission, control, suspension, hull, and weapon modules, facilitates quick repairs and upgrades in the field. Power is supplied by a license-produced Deutz BF6M1015C V6 water-cooled, turbocharged mounted at the front, delivering 440 hp (330 kW) at 2,600 rpm and 1,500 Nm of torque. The engine drives a that distributes power to all wheels, achieving a maximum road speed of 100 km/h and an operational range of 800 km on internal fuel tanks holding about 400 liters. This emphasizes reliability in varied climates, with an integrated air filtration and cooling system suitable for desert and high-altitude environments, while the overall design prioritizes rapid deployment over heavy armor.

Protection Features

The Type 08 employs a composite armor scheme designed to balance , mobility, and amphibious capability. The frontal arc of the hull and turret provides resistance to 25 mm rounds at 1 km, while the sides withstand 12.7 mm armor-piercing ammunition at 100-500 m, and the rear and turret offer against 7.62 mm armor-piercing projectiles. This baseline armor configuration draws from aluminum and alloys, with sloped plates enhancing ballistic deflection, though the vehicle's light weight—approximately 21 tons—limits overall thickness to prioritize speed over heavy plating. To address asymmetric threats, the design incorporates side skirts along the hull to improve resistance against rocket-propelled grenades and anti-tank guided missiles, a modification introduced in later production batches. Additional modular armor kits can be bolted onto vulnerable areas, allowing for mission-specific enhancements without compromising the vehicle's core amphibious performance. Beyond passive defenses, the Type 08 may integrate an indigenous soft-kill , including laser warning receivers and launchers to counter incoming threats by disrupting guidance systems. For crew , the vehicle features a collective filtration system and an setup that activates upon detecting heat or flames in the engine compartment or troop area, standard across the modular family to mitigate secondary effects from impacts or environmental hazards. These elements collectively emphasize layered suited to rapid operations.

Armament Systems

The primary armament of the ZBL-08 , the core combat variant of the Type 08 family, is a ZPT-99 30 mm mounted in a one-person, electrically powered turret weighing approximately 1,500 kg. This dual-feed , derived from the Russian 2A72 , supports or burst firing modes with a cyclic rate of 200 rounds per minute and an of up to 2,000 meters against ground targets. It carries around 350 rounds of mixed ammunition, including high-explosive incendiary-tracer and armor-piercing types, enabling engagement of light armored vehicles, , and low-flying . A Type 86 7.62 mm provides , fed by 2,000 rounds and effective to 1,500 meters, complementing the main gun for close-range anti-personnel roles. For anti-armor capability, the turret features launch rails on both sides supporting up to four HJ-73C (Red Arrow-73C) wire-guided anti-tank guided missiles, with a maximum range of 3,000 meters and warheads capable of defeating reactive armor. These missiles can be fired independently or in salvos, enhancing the vehicle's against heavier threats like main battle tanks. launchers, typically in 8-tube clusters, are integrated for tactical screening. The armament suite incorporates a stabilized with two-axis gun stabilization, a digital ballistic computer, , and day/night thermal imaging sights for the gunner, allowing accurate first-round hits on day or night. This system supports hunter-killer operations, where the can acquire targets via a separate stabilized while the gunner engages. Across Type 08 variants, armament modularity allows adaptations, such as omitting the for command or roles, but the ZBL-08's configuration prioritizes balanced .

Internal Layout and Capacity

The internal layout of the Type 08 modular family prioritizes efficiency and troop transport in its (IFV) configuration, with the ZBL-08 variant serving as the baseline for personnel accommodation. The houses a three-person : positioned at the front left, the seated directly behind , and the gunner located to the right of the or integrated into the central turret for operation. The is mounted to the right of , with exhaust routed along the hull's right side to maintain a compact forward compartment. This arrangement allows for quick access to controls and periscopes for while minimizing the crew's exposure during operations. The rear compartment is dedicated to dismounted , accommodating up to seven fully equipped soldiers in the ZBL-08 IFV, seated in pairs along the side benches facing inward for stability and rapid egress. Firing ports integrated into the hull sides and rear ramp enable troops to engage threats with personal weapons without exiting the vehicle, enhancing defensive capabilities during transport. Access to this compartment is facilitated by a large, hydraulically operated rear ramp , which lowers to form a loading platform, supplemented by roof hatches for emergency exits or observation. The overall design emphasizes modularity, allowing reconfiguration of the internal space for variants like command posts or logistics roles, though passenger capacity decreases in heavily armed or equipment-laden setups. Across the Type 08 family, internal capacity scales with mission requirements; for instance, the ZSL-08 wheeled armored personnel carrier prioritizes greater troop numbers over firepower, potentially carrying up to nine passengers alongside the three-person crew by omitting the central turret and expanding the rear area. This flexible layout supports the vehicle's amphibious operations, with aids and waterjet integrated without significantly compromising habitable volume. Such configurations ensure the Type 08 maintains operational versatility for mechanized units, balancing protection, mobility, and human factors in confined armored environments.

Variants

Core Infantry Variants

The core infantry variants of the Type 08 consist of the and the ZSL-10 armored personnel carrier, both developed by for the to support operations with enhanced mobility and protection. These 8×8 wheeled, amphibious platforms share a common design, emphasizing rapid deployment across diverse terrains, including water obstacles via waterjet . The variants prioritize transport and support, forming the backbone of brigade-level mechanized units. The ZBL-08 serves as the primary infantry fighting vehicle, equipped with a remotely operated turret mounting a ZPT-99 30 mm autocannon for engaging light armor and personnel, paired with a coaxial 7.62 mm Type 86 machine gun and launchers for up to four HJ-73C (Red Arrow-73C) anti-tank guided missiles to counter heavier threats. It features a three-person crew (commander, gunner, driver) and capacity for seven dismounted infantry, with provisions for firing ports and an overhead hatch for urban combat. Protection includes modular composite armor and reactive elements against small arms, artillery fragments, and some anti-tank weapons, while the Deutz diesel engine provides a top road speed of approximately 100 km/h. This configuration enables the ZBL-08 to accompany infantry in offensive maneuvers, delivering suppressive fire during assaults. In contrast, the ZSL-10 armored personnel carrier variant focuses on troop carriage with reduced armament, featuring a roof-mounted 12.7 mm QJC-88 for against soft targets and low-flying threats. It accommodates a crew of three and up to 7 dismounts, offering greater internal volume through a modified hull with raised troop compartment for improved comfort during extended missions. The ZSL-10 retains the Type 08 family's amphibious capabilities and for enhanced cross-country performance, but trades firepower for capacity to facilitate quick insertion in defensive or rapid reaction roles. Its lighter turret design contributes to a combat weight around 20-21 tons, maintaining operational parity with the ZBL-08 in mechanized formations.

Fire Support Variants

The fire support variants of the Type 08 family are designed to provide mobile, direct and indirect firepower to accompany units, leveraging the wheeled for rapid deployment in expeditionary operations. These variants emphasize modularity, allowing integration of heavy armament while maintaining amphibious capabilities and high road speeds exceeding 100 km/h. Primary roles include suppressing enemy positions, anti-tank engagements, and support at level. The ZTL-11 (Type 11), also known as the , serves as a support platform armed with a 105 mm rifled gun (ZPL-98A, based on the L7 design), capable of firing APFSDS, , and HE rounds with an effective range up to 2,000 m for anti-tank roles. Mounted in an unmanned turret with automated loading, it features a integrated with thermal sights and rangefinders for day-night operations, enabling it to engage armored threats and fortifications in support of Type 08 IFVs. The variant balances firepower with mobility, weighing approximately 25 tons, and is protected by modular composite armor resistant to 14.5 mm rounds. It entered service with the around 2011, enhancing rapid reaction forces' ability to deliver precise, high-velocity strikes without relying on tracked artillery. For , the PLL-09 self-propelled variant mounts a 122 mm L/37 in a rear-facing turret, providing mobile support with a maximum range of 18 km using rocket-assisted projectiles. This configuration allows for high-angle to bombard enemy positions, with an automated loader enabling a sustained rate of 6-8 rounds per minute. Based on the ZBL-08 hull, it includes a hydraulic for stability during firing and digital fire-control systems linked to command networks for coordinated barrages. Operational since the early , the PLL-09 supports advances by delivering suppressive volleys from concealed positions, contributing to the Type 08 family's emphasis on networked, wheeled for modern . Anti-tank fire support is addressed by the PTL-09 (export designation ), a variant equipped with a 105 mm rifled for standoff engagements up to 2,000 m. The fires modern compatible with standards, offering penetration against medium armored vehicles. With a combat weight of about 24 tons and enhanced forward armor sloping for deflection, it prioritizes survivability in forward areas. Introduced in the mid-2010s and publicly unveiled in 2014, with exports to as of 2020, this variant bolsters Type 08 battlegroups by neutralizing enemy armor during rapid advances, particularly in amphibious or airborne scenarios.

Logistics and Specialized Variants

The Type 08 family includes several logistics-oriented variants designed to support units by providing recovery, , and capabilities in contested environments. The ZBL-08 armored recovery vehicle (ARV), designated ZBD-08 ARV in some references, features a crane for lifting heavy components such as engines or damaged , enabling on-site repairs and towing operations to maintain operational tempo during extended maneuvers. This variant retains the base chassis's amphibious and high-mobility characteristics, with a combat weight of approximately 25 tons, allowing it to operate alongside units without hindering brigade-level . The ZBL-08 armored cargo vehicle (ACV) serves as a protected transporter, based on the wheeled platform to deliver supplies, , or spare parts to forward positions. It incorporates additional bulletproof windows for enhanced crew during resupply missions under fire, while the permits customization for specific cargo loads up to several tons. This variant supports the Ground Force's emphasis on rapid, networked sustainment in combined-arms operations. Specialized variants extend the platform's utility beyond direct roles. The ZBL-08 command (CV), or Type 08 command post, functions as a mobile ground node, equipped with advanced communication systems, terminals, and digital battle management tools to coordinate battalion-level actions in real time. It accommodates a staff of up to six operators, providing encrypted voice and data links for integration with higher echelons. Engineering variants, such as the ZBL-08 engineering vehicle (EV) or assault breacher, are fitted with a dozer blade for obstacle clearance and an excavator arm for digging or debris removal, aiding in route preparation and tasks. Observed in roles, like flood mitigation in urban areas, this configuration underscores the platform's adaptability for both and humanitarian support. The ZBD-08 engineering vehicle variant specifically emphasizes breaching capabilities, including mine-clearing attachments, to enable rapid advance through denied terrain. An additional specialized variant is the ZBL-08 armored , which modifies the personnel carrier base to transport up to six casualties or medical personnel, with integrated life-support systems for en-route care in amphibious or high-altitude operations. Commissioned in 2021 to plateau troops, it enhances logistics by combining speed, protection, and water-crossing ability.

Operational Use

Entry into Service

The Type 08 family of 8x8 wheeled armored vehicles, developed by the , entered service with the in 2009. This introduction represented a key step in modernizing the PLA's mechanized infantry capabilities, providing a modular platform for various roles including infantry transport, , and . The variant was among the first to be fielded, designed to carry a squad of troops while offering protected mobility across diverse terrains, including amphibious operations. Initial production focused on equipping select motorized brigades, with the vehicles intended to complement tracked systems like the in brigade-level formations. The entry into service coincided with the PLA's broader reforms to enhance rapid deployment and operations, particularly in response to regional security needs along China's borders. First units were reported operational by October 2009, undergoing trials and integration into training exercises to validate their performance in networked warfare scenarios. The modular chassis allowed for quick variant development, accelerating the rollout of specialized models such as the ZTL-11 and PLL-09 self-propelled , which followed shortly after the core IFV. This phased adoption emphasized interoperability with existing PLA equipment, including systems for improved battlefield coordination. By the early , the Type 08 had become a cornerstone of the PLA's wheeled armored fleet, with production scaling to support multiple group armies. Deployment priorities included units in eastern and southern theater commands, where high mobility was critical for potential contingency operations. The vehicle's entry also spurred interest, leading to the development of the VN-1 variant for international markets, though domestic integration remained the focus. Ongoing upgrades since initial service have incorporated advanced electronics and protection features, ensuring sustained relevance in the PLA's evolving force structure.

Deployments and Exercises

The Type 08 family of vehicles, particularly the ZBL-08 infantry fighting vehicle variant, has seen extensive use in training exercises conducted by the (PLA) Ground Force, focusing on mobility, integration, and environmental adaptability. These activities underscore the vehicle's role in modernizing PLA mechanized units, with deployments primarily limited to domestic training scenarios rather than combat operations as of late 2025. In February 2025, ZBL-08 IFVs attached to a under the PLA 78th Group Army participated in live-fire driving training exercises in snowy terrain, emphasizing high-speed maneuvers and obstacle navigation to prepare for winter operations in northern regions. The drills highlighted the vehicle's all-wheel-drive system and its ability to maintain operational tempo in sub-zero conditions, with units traversing challenging landscapes to simulate real-world battlefield mobility. Earlier exercises, such as those in February 2019, involved ZBL-08 vehicles from the PLA 77th Group Army under the , where they conducted driving skills training centered on crossing complex obstacles like ditches and barriers. These sessions aimed to refine crew proficiency in rugged environments, contributing to the vehicle's integration into brigade-level formations for rapid response missions. More recent drills in August 2025 demonstrated the Type 08's compatibility with emerging technologies during semi-urban assault exercises. Units employed ZBL-08 IFVs alongside and first-person-view (FPV) controlled unmanned ground vehicles armed with 120mm recoilless rocket launchers, executing coordinated attacks on simulated enemy positions. This integration showcased the vehicle's role in networked warfare, enhancing and in close-quarters scenarios.

Operators and Exports

Primary Operators

The Type 08 family of vehicles, particularly the ZBL-08 infantry fighting vehicle variant, is primarily operated by the (PLAGF), where it serves as the core wheeled armored platform for medium brigades and units. These brigades, reformed under the PLA's 2015-2017 modernization efforts, rely on the ZBL-08 for rapid deployment, , and troop transport in diverse terrains, replacing older Type 92 wheeled vehicles in frontline roles. The PLAGF has integrated the Type 08 across its theater commands, with notable deployments in units such as the 73rd Group Army (ZBL-09 variant), emphasizing its role in high-mobility operations along border regions. For instance, the vehicle's allows adaptation for and command functions within brigade combat teams, enhancing operational flexibility in joint maneuvers. The People's Liberation Army Navy Marine Corps (PLANMC) also operates the ZBL-08 as a key amphibious asset, supporting littoral and expeditionary missions with its water-jet propulsion enabling speeds up to 8 km/h in water. This variant equips marine brigades for island-hopping and coastal assault scenarios, complementing tracked vehicles like the ZBD-05 in the PLANMC's inventory.

Export Attempts and Potential

The export variant of the Type 08 wheeled armored vehicle family, designated VN-1 by , has been marketed internationally since 2009, targeting nations seeking cost-effective, amphibious platforms for support and rapid deployment. This version emphasizes , allowing configurations for troop transport, , and command roles, with a combat weight of approximately 21 tons and capacity for up to 11 soldiers plus . Confirmed exports include deliveries to , where the Royal Thai Army acquired VN-1 infantry fighting vehicles as part of broader procurement, including integration alongside tanks for enhanced mobility in regional operations. In 2017, expressed interest in 34 units valued at approximately $68 million, reflecting the vehicle's appeal for amphibious and wheeled force modernization in . In August 2024, announced plans to acquire additional VN-1 vehicles valued at approximately $29 million for fiscal year 2025. received VN-1 vehicles in 2019, with additional units unveiled in August 2025 during military displays, underscoring its growing adoption in African forces for counter-insurgency and . has also incorporated the VN-1 into its inventory, leveraging its versatility for internal security amid regional tensions. Export attempts have met mixed results elsewhere. In 2015, Argentina's Ministry of Defense signed a contract with for 110 VN-1 vehicles, including provisions for local licensed assembly at Tandanor shipyards, aimed at replacing aging fleets for anti-trafficking and territorial defense. However, economic constraints and shifting priorities prevented fulfillment of the contract, with no deliveries reported as of 2025. More recently, in 2024, the VN-1 competed in Morocco's tender for 150 wheeled armored vehicles but lost to India's Tata WhAP, which demonstrated superior performance in trials focused on desert mobility and firepower. The VN-1 holds significant export potential amid China's expanding defense diplomacy, particularly in developing markets where budget limitations favor affordable, NATO-interoperable systems over Western alternatives. Its amphibious design and upgrade options position it well for sales to African and Latin American nations facing insurgencies or maritime threats, though political sensitivities and quality perceptions occasionally hinder broader adoption. continues to showcase the platform at events like IDEX, emphasizing its role in "Belt and Road" security partnerships.

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