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Toyosu as seen from Harumi Ohashi

Toyosu (豊洲) is a neighborhood in Kōtō, Tokyo. Toyosu has six numbered chome ("blocks"). It is the location of the wholesale Toyosu Market, which took the role of the Tsukiji fish market after it became solely a tourist attraction.[1][2][3][4][5]

Located in Tsukiji in central Tokyo between the Sumida River and the upmarket Ginza shopping district, the wholesale market is open to the trade only and does not allow access to visitors.[6][7]

History

[edit]
Defunct freight railway bridge
Toyosu Center Building Annex and station

In 1937, the area of Toyosu was created on reclaimed land.[8] There were dockyards, power plants, gas plants, freight stations, and warehouses till the early 1990s. Its proximity to central Tokyo made it valuable real estate, so the redevelopment was robust. Highrise apartments, office buildings, and shopping centres were built one after another.

In 2001, former Governor of Tokyo Shintarō Ishihara chose to relocate Tsukiji fish market to the former gas plant site,[9] but there was a longstanding controversy over this plan due to the area's toxic contamination.[10] The move to Toyosu Market was planned for November 2016, in preparation for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.[11] Part of the plan was to retain a retail market, roughly a quarter of the current operation, in Tsukiji.[12]

On 31 August 2016, the move was postponed.[13] The Tsukiji fish market was caught in a controversy with the shop owners surrounding the former fish market rioting as they would lose their jobs if the market relocated.[14] Opening of the fish market was subsequently rescheduled for 11 October 2018 despite concerns about pollution.[15]

Education

[edit]

Koto Ward Board of Education operates public elementary and junior high schools.

Toyosu 1-3-chome are zoned to Toyosu North Elementary School (豊洲北小学校). Toyosu 4-chome is zoned to Toyosu Elementary School (豊洲小学校). Toyosu 5-6-chome are zoned to Toyosu West Elementary School (豊洲西小学校).[16]

Toyosu 1-4-chome and much of 5-chome are zoned to Fukagawa 5th Junior High School (深川第五中学校). Toyosu 6-chome and parts of 5-chome are zoned to Ariake Nishi Gakuen (有明西学園) for junior high school.[17]

Transportation

[edit]

Economy

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Toyosu

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from Grokipedia
Toyosu (豊洲, Toyosu) is a district in Kōtō ward, Tokyo, Japan, situated on land reclaimed from Tokyo Bay beginning in the 1930s and initially developed for industrial purposes including shipbuilding, power generation, and warehousing. By the late 20th century, the area underwent extensive redevelopment, transforming into a modern urban neighborhood characterized by high-rise residential complexes, office buildings, commercial facilities, and public infrastructure connected via the Yurikamome automated guideway transit line. The district's most prominent feature is the Toyosu Market, the world's largest wholesale seafood market, which handles 1,400 to 1,700 tons of marine products daily and opened on October 11, 2018, after relocating from the Tsukiji Market to accommodate growing operational needs and modern facilities. The relocation, costing approximately $5.1 billion and spanning a site 1.7 times larger than its predecessor, encountered substantial controversy due to soil and groundwater contamination—including benzene levels up to 43,000 times environmental standards, arsenic, and cyanide—from prior gasworks operations, leading to undisclosed issues by authorities and a two-year delay in the market's inauguration. Despite remedial measures such as soil replacement and barriers, the incident highlighted lapses in environmental oversight during the site's preparation.

Geography

Location and Topography

Toyosu is a district in Kōtō Ward, one of Tokyo Metropolis's 23 special wards, positioned in the southeastern expanse of central Tokyo along the Tokyo Bay waterfront. It occupies reclaimed land adjacent to the Sumida River's mouth to the west, with Tokyo Bay forming its eastern and southern boundaries, placing it approximately 5 kilometers southeast of Tokyo Station. The district's central coordinates are roughly 35°39′ N latitude and 139°47′ E longitude. The topography of Toyosu features predominantly flat, engineered terrain resulting from extensive land reclamation projects initiated during the late Taishō era (1912–1926), which converted tidal flats and shallow bay waters into solid ground suitable for development. This artificial landscape maintains a low average elevation of about 7 meters (23 feet) above sea level, rendering it susceptible to tidal influences, storm surges, and potential inundation from rising sea levels without engineered barriers like levees and embankments. Urban modifications have imposed a rectilinear grid pattern on the area, incorporating residual waterways, elevated rail lines, and high-density that accentuates its level profile while integrating mitigation features such as retention basins and permeable surfaces. Proximity to the fosters a coastal with moderated temperatures but heightened and exposure, influencing both infrastructure and ecological adaptations in localized areas.

Land Reclamation and Environmental Context

Toyosu occupies land reclaimed from Tokyo Bay, with initial filling operations commencing in the early 1930s as part of efforts to expand urban and industrial space amid rapid population growth. The reclamation process involved depositing dredged materials and rubble, including debris from the 1923 Great Kantō Earthquake that destroyed much of central Tokyo, to elevate the seabed above sea level and stabilize the new terrain. By 1934, significant portions of the area had been formalized as dry land, transforming shallow bay waters into a foundational platform for subsequent development. This site-specific reclamation within Bay's broader historical , where over square kilometers—approximately 15% of the bay's original area—have been artificially created since the early through systematic infilling to accommodate facilities, industry, and . The resulting relies on layers of unconsolidated sediments, leading to inherent geotechnical vulnerabilities such as differential settlement and poor load-bearing capacity, exacerbated by the bay's alluvial . Environmentally, Toyosu's position on reclaimed fill exposes it to heightened seismic risks, particularly , where shaking transforms saturated sands into fluid-like states, causing surface and infrastructure . During the Great East (magnitude 9.0), extensive affected Bay's artificial shores, including areas near Toyosu, with recorded up to 50 centimeters in adjacent reclaimed zones due to the underlying loose, water-saturated soils. Broader bay-wide reclamation has also diminished natural coastal buffers, contributing to the near-total loss (over 95%) of intertidal that once supported and mitigated wave energy, thereby intensifying flood susceptibility and ecosystem strain from and reduced tidal flushing. These factors underscore the causal trade-offs of land gain against long-term environmental stability in tectonically active regions.

History

Early Reclamation and Industrial Use

The reclamation of the Toyosu area began in the aftermath of the 1923 Great Kantō Earthquake, utilizing rubble from destroyed buildings to fill Tokyo Bay. This process accelerated land creation for port-related expansion, with systematic infilling drawing on Tokyo's long tradition of bay reclamation dating back centuries but intensifying in the early 20th century for urban and industrial needs. By 1937, ongoing reclamation efforts had formed the core landmass encompassing what became Toyosu 1-chōme to 5-chōme, establishing a foundational platform approximately 1.5 kilometers offshore from central Tokyo. Toyosu's strategic position as a hub initially attracted , including and production. In , the Ishikawajima (predecessor to modern facilities) was completed on the newly stabilized reclaimed , supporting naval and commercial vessel amid Japan's prewar industrialization drive. Dockyards, power plants, freight stations, and warehouses proliferated through the 1940s and 1950s, leveraging the site's proximity to deep-water channels for efficient cargo handling and manufacturing logistics. Postwar reconstruction further entrenched industrial activity, particularly in energy infrastructure. In 1954, Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. initiated construction of an oil-gas production facility on additional reclaimed portions of Toyosu, operational from 1956 to 1988 and involving coal gasification processes that generated significant volumes of town gas for urban distribution. These operations, alongside ancillary chemical handling, positioned Toyosu as a key node in Tokyo's energy supply chain, though they later contributed to subsurface pollution from byproducts like benzene. By the mid-20th century, the area's industrial footprint spanned over 40 hectares of mixed-use facilities, reflecting broader Tokyo Bay trends where reclamation supported approximately 250 square kilometers of new land for economic expansion since the early 1900s.

Postwar Development and Urban Planning

In the immediate postwar period, Toyosu continued its prewar trajectory as an industrial zone, adapting to Japan's reconstruction needs. The Ishikawajima , completed in , gave way to energy as established a liquefied petroleum gas in the area in 1955. This facility expanded with the of a coke furnace in 1958, supporting the production of town gas amid Tokyo's booming energy demands during economic recovery. These developments capitalized on the site's proximity to Tokyo Bay for logistics, aligning with national priorities for industrial expansion to fuel manufacturing and urban electrification. By the , shifting economic patterns—marked by factory relocations to suburban peripheries and a pivot toward service-oriented growth—prompted a reevaluation of Toyosu's . Industrial operations, including facilities, began phasing out, creating opportunities for rezoning from to mixed residential-commercial purposes. This transition mirrored Tokyo's broader postwar urban strategies, which emphasized land readjustment and bayfront repurposing to accommodate population influx and infrastructure deficits following wartime destruction elsewhere in the city. Urban planning formalized in the late 1990s, with the Tokyo Metropolitan Government revising the Toyosu-Harumi Development Plan in 1997 to promote high-rise condominiums, office complexes, and enhanced connectivity via the Yurikamome automated guideway transit line, operational since 1995. The 2001 announcement of the Toyosu 1-3 Chome Area Urban Development Policy further delineated guidelines for waterfront integration, green spaces, and floor area ratio increases, setting the stage for projects like the Toyosu Center Building and market relocation infrastructure. These initiatives prioritized seismic resilience and environmental mitigation on reclaimed land, drawing from lessons in Tokyo's earlier reconstruction efforts to balance density with sustainability. By the early 2000s, such planning had catalyzed over a dozen high-rise residential towers and commercial hubs, transforming the district into a hub for approximately 10,000 residents by 2010.

Market Relocation Initiative

The initiative to relocate Tokyo's central wholesale fish market from Tsukiji to Toyosu emerged in 1963, driven by capacity constraints at the aging Tsukiji facility, which struggled to serve a metropolitan population surpassing 10 million amid booming demand for seafood and produce. By the late 1990s, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) formalized plans for a new site, culminating in a November 1999 decision to shift operations to enable modernization and expansion. In December 2001, TMG selected the Toyosu site—reclaimed in formerly occupied by a —as the relocation destination, prioritizing its potential for larger-scale to enhance operational and standards. emphasized advanced features like automated systems and expanded , with the budgeted at around 600 billion yen to build facilities 1.7 times larger than Tsukiji's wholesale area. Construction commenced post-2001 site approval, incorporating underground auction halls and specialized for fisheries and intermediates, though the timeline extended due to site preparation needs. In 2017, amid prior postponements, confirmed the relocation's go-ahead, aligning with preparations for the Tokyo Olympics and addressing longstanding logistical bottlenecks at . This paved the way for 's wholesale closure on , 2018, and Toyosu's operational launch five days later on , 2018, transferring approximately 900 businesses to the new venue.

Toyosu Market

Facilities and Infrastructure

The complex consists of three main : the Fisheries Wholesale Market Building for primary auctions and inspections, the Fisheries Intermediate Wholesale Market Building for secondary trading, and the and Building for handling. The overall site spans approximately 40.7 hectares, enabling efficient separation of functions while supporting high-volume transactions of and agricultural products. The Fisheries Intermediate Wholesale Market Building, the largest component at 177,000 square meters across five floors, accommodates dedicated stalls on the ground level for intermediate wholesalers distributing seafood such as tuna, crustaceans, and seasonal specialties to buyers including restaurant operators. The Fisheries Wholesale Market Building includes temperature-controlled auction halls designed for receiving, inspecting, and bidding on fresh catches, with infrastructure supporting operations by seven licensed wholesalers. The Fruit and Vegetable Building, covering about 97,000 square meters, integrates auction and wholesale areas for domestic and imported produce, facilitating sales to retailers and institutions. As a fully enclosed facility built on reclaimed , Toyosu incorporates advanced and control systems to from weather exposure, alongside automated for rapid handling and digital options that reduce on-site congestion. Seismic-resistant construction ensures operational continuity during earthquakes, a critical feature given Tokyo's . elements include solar panels for and rooftop gardens for regulation. The buildings connect internally and integrate with Shijo-mae Station on the Yurikamome Line, prioritizing rail access over on-site parking to manage traffic flow.

Operations and Economic Role

The Toyosu Market, as the Tokyo Metropolitan Central Wholesale Market, conducts auctions primarily for seafood, fruits, and vegetables, with operations commencing in the early morning hours. Tuna auctions, a hallmark activity, take place daily from approximately 5:30 a.m. to 6:30 a.m., involving around 1,000 tuna specimens bid upon by licensed wholesalers using hand signals and electronic systems within dedicated auction rooms equipped with advanced cooling and hygiene facilities. Overall market hours run from 5:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., excluding Sundays and public holidays, during which intermediate wholesalers process and distribute goods to retailers, restaurants, and consumers across the Tokyo metropolitan area via efficient logistics networks. Economically, Toyosu serves as Japan's largest wholesale hub, handling over daily and for more than 25% of the national market in key categories, with annual transactions totaling approximately ¥370 billion. It employs around 42,000 workers, including about 450 wholesale traders, and facilitates daily exceeding ¥2 billion, representing over a quarter of Japan's total transactions and underpinning price through competitive . This central role ensures stable supply chains for fresh to Tokyo's 14 million and beyond, while supporting fisheries by enforcing standards to exclude illegal catches, thereby promoting sustainable sourcing amid fluctuating global demands.

Public Access and Tourism

Public access to is permitted from 5:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. daily, excluding , national holidays, and scheduled closure days as determined by market operations. Visitors may observe tuna auctions from the second-floor elevated walkway of the Fisheries Intermediate Wholesale Market Building without prior reservation, with bidding typically beginning between 5:30 a.m. and 6:30 a.m. and lasting until approximately mid-morning on weekdays. Entry to the auction floor remains restricted to licensed wholesalers and buyers, prioritizing operational efficiency and hygiene. For closer proximity via the dedicated observation deck, individuals must apply through a monthly lottery system managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, with submissions opening early each month for the following period. Toyosu Market attracts substantial as the world's largest wholesale facility, visitors to live auctions and procure fresh products. amenities include Uogashi Yokocho on the fourth , featuring shops for , souvenirs, and , alongside restaurants serving and other dishes prepared from market-sourced ingredients. Complementing these, the Toyosu Senkyaku Banrai complex, which opened on February 1, 2024, adjacent to the market, offers expanded retail, dining, and leisure options tailored for tourists, with projections estimating 2.6 million annual visitors to regional economic activity. Access is free, though crowds peak during early morning hours, and via the Line to Shijo-mae Station is recommended, as on-site parking is unavailable. Independent exploration is feasible, supplemented by optional guided tours from private operators for deeper operational context.

Controversies

Soil Contamination and Remediation

The Toyosu site, developed on reclaimed land in and previously occupied by a until 1995, exhibited severe primarily from industrial residues including , compounds, , and lead. Following its selection in 2007 as the relocation site for the Market, surveys in 2008 detected concentrations up to 43,000 times the Japanese environmental standard and levels exceeding limits by thousands of times. Remediation efforts by (TMG) involved excavating and treating the top approximately 2 meters of contaminated across the 40-hectare site, replacing it with uncontaminated fill, and constructing foundation slabs to isolate residual subsurface pollutants. However, a 2016 investigation revealed that TMG officials had deviated from the original by omitting a protective cover layer above the slabs, a change approved internally without higher authorization or documentation, ostensibly to reduce costs and expedite construction. This omission heightened public concerns, as it potentially allowed vapor intrusion from volatile organics like benzene. Groundwater monitoring persisted as a focal point, with 2017 tests detecting at up to 79 times the national limit, alongside elevated and in some wells. To mitigate influx of contaminated into buildings, TMG implemented pumping and treatment systems starting in 2017, alongside sealing measures and ongoing wells. These interventions, combined with slab retrofits, were certified safe by TMG experts by mid-2018, enabling market operations to commence on , 2018, though independent panels and market stakeholders continued to question long-term given recurring detections.

Relocation Delays and Political Scandals

The planned relocation of Tokyo's central wholesale fish market from Tsukiji to Toyosu, initially scheduled for November 7, 2016, was suspended by Governor Yuriko Koike on August 31, 2016, following the disclosure of elevated levels of toxic substances like benzene in groundwater samples taken that month. This decision, made shortly after Koike's election in July 2016, cited inadequate safety measures and incomplete documentation of remediation efforts at the former gasworks site, delaying the move by nearly two years to October 6, 2018, when initial tuna auctions commenced. The postponement disrupted preparations for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, including associated road construction, and strained relations between market wholesalers and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG). Further delays stemmed from revelations of regulatory violations, including the unauthorized of underground basements and substructures at Toyosu without TMG approval, which contravened building codes and heightened contamination risks by potentially allowing groundwater infiltration. These structures, intended for storage, were hastily filled with or as a remedial measure just before the opening, prompting accusations of hasty cover-ups and poor oversight under prior administrations led by governors and . costs for the facility ballooned to approximately $5 billion, more than triple the original estimates, fueling claims of fiscal mismanagement and inadequate processes. Political fallout included disciplinary actions against TMG officials for lapses in . In 2016, Koike removed a senior overseeing the amid the emerging scandals. By 2016, pay were imposed on 18 current and retired officials deemed responsible for concealing or mishandling and discrepancies. In 2018, eight additional officials faced penalties for neglecting to install or verify groundwater control systems, as highlighted by investigations from the . These measures underscored Koike's criticism of bureaucratic inertia but also drew opposition claims of scapegoating, as the core flaws traced back to decisions made over a decade earlier.

Health and Safety Debates

Following the 2018 relocation, debates on and safety at centered on potential long-term risks to workers from residual soil and contaminants, despite official assurances of . experts concluded in March 2017 that the site posed no threat to humans or perishable goods, as remediation measures—including slabs sealing contaminated layers and ongoing pumping—prevented upward migration of toxins like benzene, , and . However, critics, including market traders, raised concerns about chronic exposure risks for employees handling in proximity to the subsurface, noting pre-remediation benzene levels 43,000 times legal limits and post-construction detections exceeding standards in some tests. Operational food safety emerged as another focal point, with U.S. FDA investigators identifying scombrotoxin () buildup in tuna samples during a 2022 inspection, highlighting vulnerabilities in rapid-handling processes despite the facility's temperature-controlled environment designed to minimize such biogenic hazards. Proponents of the new site emphasized reduced contamination vectors compared to , such as barriers against , birds, and , which had previously compromised . Yet, restricted public access to wholesale floors—enforced for sanitation and worker safety—sparked friction, as visitors were initially barred to prevent hygiene breaches akin to Tsukiji's issues. By late 2019, officials reported no unforeseen health incidents, attributing stability to monitoring and structural safeguards like advanced water-pumping systems. Skeptics, including some wholesalers who sought legal injunctions, contended that incomplete verification of remediation overlooked cumulative worker effects, urging independent long-term studies over self-assessments. These debates underscored tensions between economic imperatives for relocation and precautionary principles, with no peer-reviewed epidemiological data yet linking Toyosu operations to adverse outcomes as of 2022.

Economy

Wholesale Trade and Fisheries

Toyosu Market serves as Tokyo's primary wholesale hub for fisheries products, handling approximately 290,000 metric tons of marine goods annually, including , , and other sourced from domestic fisheries and international imports. The market facilitates daily transactions among around 457 intermediate wholesalers, who purchase from primary suppliers and redistribute to retailers, restaurants, and exporters, supporting Japan's extensive where over 60% of consumption relies on imports due to depleted domestic . This wholesale activity generates an annual transaction volume exceeding ¥370 billion, underscoring its economic significance in stabilizing prices and ensuring fresh distribution to urban consumers. Fisheries trade at Toyosu centers on high-volume auctions, particularly for , with an average of 1,200 fresh and frozen units traded daily across 150 specialized firms. These auctions, conducted between 5:30 and 6:30 a.m., determine benchmark prices for premium ; for instance, a 276-kilogram fetched ¥207 million (about $1.3 million USD) at the first 2025 auction, reflecting seasonal demand peaks and symbolic prestige rather than routine pricing. Broader fisheries wholesale includes diverse like salmon and shellfish, with daily inflows of roughly 1,400 tons distributed nationwide, though volumes have declined from historical peaks due to fewer wholesalers and shifting consumer patterns post-COVID. The market's extends to efforts in , promoting for overfished amid Japan's seafood consumption drop from 40 kilograms in the to under 25 kilograms recently. Wholesalers here adapt to global pressures, such as quota restrictions on under international agreements, by prioritizing certified sustainable sources, though economic analyses highlight persistent inefficiencies in Japan's wholesale , including fragmented that can inflate costs for end buyers. Overall, Toyosu's fisheries wholesale underpins Tokyo's culinary , employing tens of thousands indirectly while facing challenges from labor shortages and from direct retailer sourcing.

Residential and Commercial Growth

Toyosu's residential landscape has expanded rapidly since the early 2000s, converting reclaimed industrial land into clusters of high-rise condominiums designed for urban living. Developers have prioritized seismically resilient towers with integrated amenities, exemplified by a 48-story condominium completed in October 2021, featuring extensive green spaces and proximity to waterfront areas. Projects like those led by Mitsui Fudosan emphasize mixed-use complexes that blend residences with communal facilities, capitalizing on the district's connectivity to central Tokyo via subway and Yurikamome lines. This development has attracted affluent residents seeking modern housing amid Tokyo's bay area boom, with ongoing constructions such as those in Toyosu 6-chome adding to the density of condominium towers. Commercial growth parallels residential expansion, fostering a self-contained urban hub with retail and office components. The URBAN DOCK LaLaport TOYOSU complex, adjacent to Toyosu Station, houses approximately 180 shops offering clothing, household goods, and entertainment options, serving both locals and visitors. Mixed-use initiatives, including Toyosu Bayside Cross, integrate office spaces directly linked to transit infrastructure, promoting work-live-play environments in former shipyard sites. Culminating major redevelopments, the TOYOSU B Tower was completed in 2025 as the final large-scale in the Toyosu 2-3 chome , incorporating commercial facilities within a 50.5-hectare urban renewal spanning residential, , and areas. These efforts, rooted in post-industrial , have elevated Toyosu's , with values reflecting sustained demand for bayfront developments.

Infrastructure

Transportation Networks

Toyosu Station serves as the primary rail interchange in the district, accommodating the Tokyo Metro Yūrakuchō Line subway and the Yurikamome automated guideway transit line. The Yūrakuchō Line (station Y22) connects Toyosu to central Tokyo destinations, including Yūrakuchō Station, with underground service facilitating efficient commuter and visitor access. The station's integration of these lines enhances connectivity within Tokyo's broader subway network. The Yurikamome Line (station U-16), Tokyo's first fully automated and driverless transit system operated by computers without onboard crew, extends from Toyosu to via elevated tracks over and . This line provides direct links to key areas like Shimbashi and Shiodome, supporting both daily commutes and with scenic bay views. An adjacent station, Shin-Toyosu on the same line, offers specialized access to facilities such as the . Bus routes, including the , supplement rail services by serving Toyosu's attractions like the market and teamLab , enabling multimodal trips integrated with nearby stations. networks connect Toyosu via bridges such as Bridge and Toyosu Bridge, which span adjacent waterways to link the reclaimed area with mainland for vehicular . These infrastructures, including urban hubs like Toyosu MiCHi no Eki functioning as a roadside station with and shopper facilities, support freight, residential, and commercial movement in the district.

Education and Public Services

Toyosu features a range of educational facilities to , from nursery and elementary levels to higher education. Koto Municipal Toyosu Kita Elementary provides for children in . Nursery options include Luce Nursery Toyosu, located at 2-6-9 Toyosu. International schooling is available through Owl International 's Toyosu at 5-5-20 Toyosu, emphasizing . At the tertiary level, Shibaura Institute of Technology maintains its Toyosu at 3-7-5 Toyosu, offering engineering programs in a modern urban setting equipped for advanced research and student development. Public services in Toyosu are anchored by the Toyosu at 2-2-18 Toyosu, which houses administrative offices, halls, practice rooms, recreational facilities, and training spaces to support resident activities and events. The Koto Municipal Toyosu , integrated into the on floors 9-11, provides access to an expanded collection of and digital resources, operating through from 9:00 to 20:00 and from 9:00 to 17:00, with membership available to Koto ward and workers. Healthcare infrastructure includes Showa Koto Toyosu at 5-1-38 Toyosu, a facility offering specialized treatments in areas such as digestive diseases and general medicine, established to serve the growing population. Law enforcement is handled by the nearby Fukagawa Police Station, covering Toyosu under Koto ward jurisdiction, with emergency services accessible via national dial 110. health support is coordinated through the Koto City Health Center.

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