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103rd Airlift Wing
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103rd Airlift Wing
118th Airlift Squadron C-130 Hercules
Active1942–1945; 1946–present
Country United States
Allegiance Connecticut
Branch  Air National Guard
TypeWing
RoleAirlift
Part ofConnecticut Air National Guard
Garrison/HQBradley Air National Guard Base, Windsor Locks, Connecticut
NicknameFlying Yankees
MottosAudeo (Latin)
I Dare (1942-1945)
EngagementsWorld War II
Decorations
Presidential Unit Citation (2x)

Air Force Outstanding Unit Award (4x)

French Croix de Guerre with Palm
Insignia
103rd Airlift Wing emblem[note 1][1]
324th Fighter Group emblem
Tail CodeCT
Aircraft flown
AttackA-10 Thunderbolt II (1979-2008)
FighterP-47 Thunderbolt (1944-1952)
TransportC-130 Hercules

The 103rd Airlift Wing (103 AW) is a unit of the Connecticut Air National Guard, stationed at Bradley Air National Guard Base at Bradley International Airport, Windsor Locks, Connecticut. If activated to federal service with the United States Air Force, the 103 AW is operationally-gained by the Air Mobility Command (AMC).[2]

The 103 AW was first activated in 1943 as the 324th Fighter Group of the United States Army Air Forces. During World War II, the 324th served in combat with Ninth Air Force and Twelfth Air Force, primarily in the Mediterranean, African, and Middle East Theater. It received two Distinguished Unit Citations for engagements in the Mediterranean and the French Croix de Guerre with Palm for supporting French forces during the campaigns for Italy and France from 1944 to 1945.

In 1946 the 324th Fighter Group was redesignated as the 103rd Fighter Group and allotted to the National Guard.

The 118th Airlift Squadron, assigned to the wing's 103rd Operations Group, was first established during World War I as the 118th Aero Squadron on 31 August 1917. It was reformed on 1 November 1923, as the 118th Observation Squadron, and is one of the 29 original National Guard Observation Squadrons of the United States Army National Guard formed before World War II.

Overview

[edit]

The "Flying Yankees" of the 103rd Airlift Wing are the eleventh oldest Air National Guard unit in the United States, including a squadron that has served over 90 years in military aviation. They currently fly the C-130H Hercules, a four-engine turboprop military transport aircraft designed and built originally by Lockheed Aircraft, now Lockheed Martin. Capable of using unprepared runways for takeoffs and landings, the C-130 was originally designed as a troop, medical evacuation, and cargo transport aircraft. Its mission is providing theater cargo and passenger airlift.

Units

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The 103rd Airlift Wing consists of the following major units:

  • 103rd Operations Group
118th Airlift Squadron
  • 103rd Maintenance Group
  • 103rd Mission Support Group
  • 103rd Medical Group
  • 103rd Air Operations Group

History

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World War II

[edit]

The wing was constituted as the 324th Fighter Group in 1942 and activated on 6 July at Mitchel Field, New York.[1] Its original squadrons were the 314th,[3] 315th,[4] and 316th Fighter Squadrons.[5] The group moved immediately to Baltimore Municipal Airport, where it trained with Curtiss P-40 Warhawk fighters until October,[1] while its squadrons trained at Baltimore and bases in Pennsylvania and Virginia.[4][5]

The group moved to the Middle East between October and December 1942[1] for operations with Ninth Air Force along with its 314th and 316th squadrons, while the 315th remained behind until January 1943.[4] The group trained for several weeks with P-40 aircraft. While group headquarters remained in Egypt, the squadrons of the group began operating with other organizations against the enemy in Tunisia. Reunited in June 1943, the 324th group engaged primarily in escort and patrol missions between Tunisia and Sicily until July 1943. It received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for action against the enemy from March 1943 to the invasion of Sicily.[1]

The unit trained from July to October 1943 for operations with the Twelfth Air Force. It resumed combat on 30 October 1943 and directed most of its attacks against roads, bridges, motor transport, supply areas, rolling stock, gun positions, troop concentrations, and rail facilities in Italy until August 1944. During the assault on Anzio in January 1944, it patrolled the beaches and protected convoys. It aided the Allied offensive in Italy during May 1944, receiving another DUC during the Battle of Monte Cassino for action from 12 to 14 May when the group bombed an enemy position on Monastery Hill, attacked troops massing on the hill for counterattack, and hit a nearby stronghold to force the surrender of an enemy garrison.[1]

The 324th continued to give close support to ground forces until the fall of Rome in June 1944. The group converted to Republic P-47 Thunderbolts in July and supported the assault on southern France in August by dive-bombing gun positions, bridges, and radar facilities, and by patrolling the combat zone. The unit attacked such targets as motor transport, rolling stock, rail lines, troops, bridges, gun emplacements, and supply depots after the invasion, giving tactical support to Allied forces advancing through France. The unit aided the reduction of the Colmar bridgehead in January and February 1945, and supported Seventh Army's drive through the Siegfried defenses in March. It received the French Croix de Guerre with Palm for supporting French forces during the campaigns for Italy and France in 1944 and 1945.[1]

The 324th Fighter Group returned to the United States between October and November 1945 and was inactivated in November 1945.[1]

Connecticut Air National Guard

[edit]

The wartime 324th Fighter Group was redesignated as the 103rd Fighter Group, and was allotted to the National Guard, on 24 May 1946. It was organized at Bradley Field, Windsor Locks, Connecticut in July 1946 and was extended federal recognition on 7 August 1946. At the time, the group's mission was the air defense of the State of Connecticut. It was assigned the 118th Fighter Squadron and equipped with Republic P-47D (later F-47D) Thunderbolts. In September 1947, with the establishment of an independent United States Air Force, the 324th Fighter Group became part of the newly established Air National Guard.

The 103rd Fighter Wing was formed in the fall of 1950 when the Air National Guard converted to the wing base organization system. In addition to the 103rd Fighter Group, the wing included the 103rd Air Base Group,[6] the 103rd Maintenance & Supply Group,[6] and the 103rd Medical Group.[6]

Korean War activation

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With the surprise invasion of South Korea on 25 June 1950, and the regular military's lack of readiness, most of the Air National Guard was federalized and placed on active duty alongside the Regular Air Force. The 103rd was federalized on 2 March 1951 and the group and wing were subsequently redesignated as fighter-interceptor units.[7][8]

The 103rd Fighter-Interceptor Wing (103 FIW) was assigned to the Eastern Air Defense Force of the Air Defense Command (ADC) and moved to Suffolk County Air Force Base, New York on 1 June 1951, flying air defense missions with their F-47N Thunderbolts.[9] However, ADC was experiencing difficulty under the wing base organizational structure in deploying its fighter squadrons to best advantage.[10] It therefore reorganized its wings on a regional basis and dispersed support units to the locations of the fighter squadrons. On 6 February 1952, the 103 FIW and its assigned groups were inactivated and most of its operational squadrons assigned to the 4709th Air Defense Wing at McGuire AFB, New Jersey. During its period of federalization, the 118th FIS transferred many of its pilots and ground support personnel to Regular Air Force units.

Cold War

[edit]
118th Fighter-Bomber Squadron – F-84D Thunderjet formation 1954

The 103rd was reactivated on 1 November 1952 with the end of the units federalization period and redesignated as the 103rd Fighter-Bomber Wing, operationally-gained by the Tactical Air Command (TAC). However, air defense remained as a secondary mission.

Upon the 118th's return, the F-47s were sent to Davis-Monthan Air Force Base for storage and the squadron was re-equipped with very long range F-51H Mustangs by TAC with an assigned mission of close air support (CAS). In January 1953, the 103rd received several F-84D Thunderjets for maintenance instruction and the squadron was fully equipped with the Thunderjet during the summer of 1953. In the spring of 1955, the F-84Gs were transferred to the Georgia Air National Guard's 128th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron and the 118th converted to the F-94B Starfire. However, the F-94Bs only remained with the 118th for about a year when they were replaced by the F-86H Sabre tactical fighter in 1957. At this time the wing, now designated the 103rd Air Defense Wing was inactivated.

118th Tactical Fighter Squadron – F-100D Formation, 1975

The Sabres were then replaced by F-100A Super Sabres during the summer of 1960 and the Wing becoming ADC-gained. The F-100As gave way to Convair F-102 Delta Daggers in January 1966, standing a 24-hour air defense alert. then in 1971 the group transferred back to Tactical Air Command, becoming an F-100D Super Sabre Group.

From 1971 to 1979, the 103rd flew the F-100 Super Sabre and its mission was close air support and it began a NATO commitment, deploying frequently in the 1970s to bases in West Germany to reinforce United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE). In 1979, the unit was assigned new A-10 Thunderbolt IIs as part of the "Total Force" concept which equipped Air National Guard units with front-line USAF aircraft. The USAFE commitment continued, deploying the "Warthog" to bases in West Germany and Italy.

In 1990 the 103rd was programmed to receive the specialized Block 10 F-16A/B Fighting Falcon, also referred to as the F/A-16 due to its close air support configuration. The 1990 Gulf Crisis, however, delayed this transition. During Operation Desert Storm, the F/A-16 was battle tested and it was discovered that the close air support F-16 project proved to be a failure. Subsequently, the conversion of the wing was cancelled in 1993, and the 118th squadron remained an A-10 Thunderbolt II close air support squadron.

Air Combat Command

[edit]
A-10As 118th FS Connecticut ANG in flight

In March 1992, with the end of the Cold War, the unit was redesignated as the 103rd Fighter Group. In June, Tactical Air Command was inactivated as part of the Air Force reorganization after the end of the Cold War. It was replaced by Air Combat Command (ACC). In 1995, in accordance with the Air Force "One Base-One Wing" directive, the 103rd adopted the Air Force Objective Organization plan and was changed in status back to a wing, with the 118th Fighter Squadron being assigned to the new 103rd Operations Group.

In what is believed to be the 103rd Fighter Wing's first "rainbow deployment" – where unit aircraft and personnel deploy and operate with aircraft and personnel from other units – members of the unit departed for Aviano Air Base Italy starting 15 November 1993 for participation in Operation DENY FLIGHT alongside A-10s and personnel from the Maryland and Michigan Air National Guard and the Air Force Reserve based at Barksdale AFB Louisiana. The 60-day deployment allowed active duty personnel supporting the operation to return to their home station during the holiday period, and marks the first time Connecticut A-10s are used in a contingency operation where they could see combat. Operation DENY FLIGHT aircraft enforced the no-fly zone over Bosnia and provided close air support to UN troops, conducting approved air strikes under a UN command arrangement. Aircraft and personnel returned from this critical mission by 15 January 1994.

In late 1995 forces associated with DENY FLIGHT were transferred to Operation DECISIVE ENDEAVOR—as part of the overall NATO operation JOINT ENDEAVOR—to provide support to NATO's Implementation Force (IFOR) and close air support for UN forces in Croatia in accordance with the Dayton Peace Accord. Connecticut Guardsmen were called to support this joint NATO and UN operation in the Balkans in late August 1996. Six aircraft and the first of what would be 350 unit personnel departed for Aviano Air Base in Italy where they would operate from 25 August through 1 November as part of Operation DECISIVE ENDEAVOR. A milestone for this deployment was the wing being the first Night Vision Imaging System capable A-10 unit to deploy to a contingency operation.

In mid-1996, the Air Force, in response to budget cuts, and changing world situations, began experimenting with Air Expeditionary organizations. The Air Expeditionary Force (AEF) concept was developed that would mix Active-Duty, Reserve and Air National Guard elements into a combined force. Instead of entire permanent units deploying as "Provisional" as in the 1991 Gulf War, Expeditionary units are composed of "aviation packages" from several wings, including active-duty Air Force, the Air Force Reserve Command and the Air National Guard, would be married together to carry out the assigned deployment rotation.

Other deployments of the 118th EFS were made to augment combat operations during Operations Deny Flight/Southern Watch to Al Jaber Air Base Kuwait in April 1999 and again in September 2001. The Connecticut Air National Guard was mobilized by Presidential Order in February 2003 along with units of the Massachusetts Air National Guard for deployment to Southwest Asia for what was to become Operation IRAQI FREEDOM. There the unit, operating as part of the 387th Air Expeditionary Group flew over 892 combat missions over western Iraq from March through April 2003.

Airlift mission

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118th Airlift Squadron C-21A Learjet and a C-27 Spartan

The 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission recommended to the Department of Defense to realign Bradley International Airport Air Guard Station by distributing the 103rd's A-10s to the 104th Fighter Wing at Barnes Municipal Airport Air Guard Station (nine aircraft) and retirement (six aircraft). The wing's expeditionary combat support (ECS) elements would remain in place at Bradley and Bradley would retain capability to support a Homeland Defense mission. By combining the two units into one squadron the Air Force would retain the trained A-10 pilots and maintenance technicians in the area and create an optimum-sized and more effective squadron.

In April 2008, the 103rd became an Airlift Wing. Its new missions now include; a bridge mission flying C-21A Learjets supporting JOSAC VIP airlift, counter drug operations in the U.S., Central America, South America and the Caribbean, A Centralized Intermediate Repair Facility (CIRF) for TF-34 engines used on A-10 attack aircraft and an Air Operations Center (AOC) responsible for Command and Control operations during wartime.

Sometime between FY 2012 and 2014, the 103rd was programmed to receive the new Joint Cargo Aircraft, the C-27 Spartan. However, the Air Force has recently announced the end of the C-27 Spartan program, eliminating the aircraft from Air National Guards units. Instead, in September 2013 the unit received eight C-130H Hercules aircraft, the first aircraft of this type to serve the 103rd Airlift Wing.

Lineage

[edit]

103rd Airlift Wing

  • Constituted as the 324th Fighter Group on 24 June 1942
Activated on 6 July 1942
Inactivated on 7 November 1945
  • Redesignated 103rd Fighter Group and allotted to the National Guard on 24 May 1946.
Activated on 1 July 1946
Extended federal recognition on 7 August 1946
Federalized and ordered to active service on 2 March 1951[7]
Redesignated: 103rd Fighter-Interceptor Group on 2 March 1951
Inactivated on 6 February 1952
Returned to Connecticut state control on 1 November 1952
  • Activated on 1 November 1952
  • Redesignated 103rd Fighter-Bomber Group 1 January 1953
Redesignated 103rd Fighter-Interceptor Group on 1 July 1955
Redesignated 103rd Fighter Group (Air Defense) on 1 July 1955
Redesignated 103rd Tactical Fighter Group on 30 November 1957
Redesignated 103rd Fighter Group (Air Defense) on 1 September 1960
Redesignated 103rd Tactical Fighter Group on 12 June 1971
Redesignated 103rd Fighter Group on 15 March 1992
  • Redesignated 103rd Fighter Wing on 11 October 1995
Redesignated 103rd Airlift Wing on 1 April 2008

103rd Air Defense Wing

  • Constituted as the 103rd Fighter-Interceptor Wing on 31 October 1950 and allotted to the Air National Guard
Activated on 1 November 1950 and extended federal recognition
  • Federalized and ordered to active service on 2 March 1951[8]
  • Redesignated 103rd Fighter-Interceptor Wing on 2 March 1951[8]
Inactivated on 6 February 1952[8]
Returned to Connecticut state control on 1 November 1952
  • Activated on 1 November 1952
  • Redesignated: 103rd Fighter-Bomber Wing 1 January 1953
Redesignated: 103rd Fighter-Interceptor Wing on 1 July 1955
Redesignated: 103rd Air Defense Wing on 1 July 1955
Inactivated on 1 July 1957

Assignments

[edit]

103rd Airlift Wing

Gained by: Air Defense Command – 1 July 1948, Continental Air Command −1 December 1950, Air Defense Command
  • 103rd Fighter Wing: 1 November 1950
  • Air Defense Command: 2 March 1951[7]
  • 103rd Fighter-Interceptor Wing, 23 March 1951 – 6 February 1952[7]
  • 103rd Fighter-Interceptor Wing (later 103rd Fighter-Interceptor Wing, 103rd Air Defense Wing), 1 November 1952
  • Connecticut Air National Guard: 1 July 1957
  • 102nd Tactical Fighter Wing: 1 November 1957
Gained by: Tactical Air Command
Gained by: Boston Air Defense Sector, Air Defense Command, 1 September 1960
Gained by: 35th Air Division, Air Defense Command, 1 April 1966
Gained by: 35th Air Division, Aerospace Defense Command, 19 January 1968
Gained by: 21st Air Division, Aerospace Defense Command, 1 January 1970
  • 102nd Tactical Fighter Wing: 12 June 1971
Gained by: Tactical Air Command, 12 June 1971
  • 127th Tactical Fighter Wing: c. June 1972
  • 174th Tactical Fighter Wing: 1979
  • 128th Fighter Wing: 15 March 1992
Gained by: Air Combat Command, 1 June 1992
  • Connecticut Air National Guard: 1994
Gained by: Air Mobility Command, 1 April 2008–present

103rd Air Defense Wing

Gained by Air Defense Command

Components

[edit]

103rd Airlift Wing

103rd Air Defense Wing

  • 103rd Air Base Group, 1 November 1950 – 2 March 1951; 23 March 1951 – 6 February 1952; 1 November 1952 – 15 April 1956
  • 103rd Fighter Group (later Fighter-Interceptor Group, Fighter-Bomber Group, Fighter Group (Air Defense)) 1 November 1950 – 2 March 1951; 23 March 1951 – 6 February 1952; 1 November 1952 – 1 July 1957
  • 103rd Medical Group, 1 November 1950 – 2 March 1951; 23 March 1951 – 6 February 1952; 1 November 1952 – 15 April 1956
  • 103rd Maintenance & Supply Group, 1 November 1950 – 2 March 1951; 23 March 1951 – 6 February 1952; 1 November 1952 – 15 April 1956

Stations

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103rd Airlift Wing

103rd Air Defense Wing

Aircraft

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Awards and campaigns

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Award streamer Award Dates Notes
Distinguished Unit Citation May 1943 – Jul 1943 North Africa and Sicily 324th Fighter Group[1]
Distinguished Unit Citation 12 May 1944 – 14 May 1944 Monte Cassino, Italy 324th Fighter Group[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 1 January 1972 – 31 December 1973 103rd Tactical Fighter Group[12]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 1 January 1976 – 31 December 1977 103rd Tactical Fighter Group[13]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 19 May 1985 – 18 May 1987 103rd Tactical Fighter Group[13]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 1 July 1992 – 30 June 1994 103rd Fighter Group[13]
[[File:Invalid parameter|200px|]] French Croix de Guerre with Palm 1944–1945 324th Fighter Group[1]
Campaign Streamer Campaign Dates Notes
Tunisia December 1942-13 May 1943 324th Fighter Group[1]
Sicily 14 May 1943 – 17 August 1943 324th Fighter Group[1]
Naples-Foggia 18 August 1943 – 21 January 1944 324th Fighter Group[1]
Anzio 22 January 1944 – 24 May 1944 324th Fighter Group[1]
Rome-Arno 22 January 1944 – 9 September 1944 324th Fighter Group[1]
Northern France 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 324th Fighter Group[1]
Southern France 15 August 1944 – 14 September 1944 324th Fighter Group[1]
Rhineland 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 324th Fighter Group[1]
Ardennes-Alsace 16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945 324th Fighter Group[1]
Central Europe 22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 324th Fighter Group[1]
Air Combat, EAME Theater 29 March 1943 – 11 May 1945 324th Fighter Group[1]

References

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[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

103rd Airlift Wing

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The 103rd Airlift Wing (103 AW) is a unit of the Connecticut Air National Guard, headquartered at Bradley Air National Guard Base adjacent to Bradley International Airport in Windsor Locks, Connecticut, with an additional facility at the Orange Air National Guard Station. It operates as part of the United States Air Force's airlift component, specializing in tactical airlift missions using the C-130H Hercules aircraft to provide rapid deployment, airdrop, and aeromedical evacuation support for state and federal operations. The wing's mission encompasses delivering qualified aircrew, mission-ready , logistical support, and air battle management to enhance Connecticut's defense and contribute to objectives, including and deployments. Known as the "Flying Yankees," it traces its lineage to the 118th Aero Squadron, federally recognized on 1 November 1923, as the 118th Observation Squadron at Brainard Field in , making it one of the oldest units in the . During , its predecessor unit served in the China-Burma-India Theater, earning distinction by destroying 14 enemy and achieving "" status among its pilots. In the post-war era, the 103rd evolved through various roles, including fighter operations during the and airlift transitions, officially redesignated as the 103rd Airlift Wing on 1 April 2008, following the retirement of its A-10 II aircraft. It received its current C-130H fleet in 2013, enabling participation in Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and support for Balkan peacekeeping efforts. Following the September 11, 2001, attacks, the wing's 103rd Air Control Squadron provided critical surveillance over and maintained combat air patrols. Organizationally, the 103rd Airlift Wing comprises the 103rd Operations Group, which oversees flying squadrons like the 118th Airlift Squadron; the 103rd Maintenance Group for sustainment; and the 103rd Mission for base operations. The separate 103rd Air Control Squadron, based in , focuses on theater air battle management, , and communications, supporting and forces. In recognition of its excellence, the 103rd Airlift Wing was awarded the Major General Stanley F.H. Newman Award as the top airlift unit in the Air National Guard on October 29, 2024, by the Airlift/Tanker Association, as announced by Governor Ned Lamont, highlighting its superior readiness, mission execution, and contributions to both state emergencies and global operations.

Overview

Mission and Capabilities

The 103rd Airlift Wing serves as a tactical unit within the , delivering intra-theater , , and capabilities to support both state and federal missions. Its core mission focuses on providing qualified C-130 aircrew, mission-capable aircraft, and precise air battle management to enable rapid deployment of troops, equipment, and humanitarian aid domestically and worldwide. The wing operates a fleet of eight C-130H Hercules aircraft, the first of which was upgraded with new NP2000 propellers in November 2024 by Collins Aerospace workers, each modified for tactical operations with high-flotation landing gear for rough-field landings, configurable cargo compartments accommodating up to 64 paratroopers or 74 litters, and Allison T56-A-15 turboprop engines producing 4,591 horsepower per unit. Key capabilities include performing airdrops of up to 42,000 pounds into hostile areas from altitudes reaching 23,000 feet, as well as intra-theater transport over ranges of approximately 1,208 miles with a 36,500-pound payload. The C-130H's versatility supports aeromedical evacuation missions, staffed by a basic crew of two flight nurses and three medical technicians to transport casualties efficiently. Additionally, the wing contributes to Agile Combat Employment (ACE) tactics by enabling hot-refueling and rearming of fighter jets like the F-35A and F-15, enhancing operational flexibility in contested environments during exercises such as Distributed Integrated Combat Turns. In national defense, the 103rd Airlift Wing supports federal activations for , including deployments and humanitarian assistance, while fulfilling state duties such as disaster response in through rapid casualty evacuation and supply delivery. These efforts underscore the unit's role in sustaining mission readiness for emergencies, from natural disasters to international contingencies.

Base and Designations

The 103rd Airlift Wing is stationed at Bradley Air National Guard Base in Windsor Locks, Connecticut, which is co-located with Bradley International Airport. The base features shared runways, hangars, and other facilities with the civilian airport, enabling dual military and commercial operations while supporting the wing's airlift missions. Additionally, the wing maintains a geographically separated unit, the 103rd Air Control Squadron, at an air station in Orange, Connecticut. The wing is known by the nickname "Flying Yankees," a moniker derived from Connecticut's historical "Yankee" heritage and its association with early American aviation pioneers. The unit's emblem depicts Capt. Joseph Wadsworth hiding the Connecticut Charter in the Charter Oak tree, symbolizing the protection of Connecticut's rights during colonial times. As part of the Connecticut Air National Guard, the 103rd Airlift Wing received its current designation on April 1, 2008, and operates under the operational gain of Air Mobility Command when federalized. Its lineage traces to the 118th Observation Squadron, which was federally recognized on November 1, 1923, making the 103rd the 11th oldest unit in the Air National Guard.

Organization

Major Units

The 103rd Wing is organized into three primary groups that form its core for executing tactical airlift missions: the 103rd Operations Group, the 103rd Group, and the 103rd Mission . The 103rd Operations Group oversees all flying operations for the wing, ensuring the effective execution of C-130H tactical airlift missions, including airdrops of troops and , general airlift support, aeromedical evacuation, and efforts. This group includes the 118th Squadron, which serves as the primary operational squadron responsible for piloting and crewing the C-130H to conduct these missions. Additionally, the 103rd Operations Support Squadron provides essential support functions, such as airfield , , and weather services, to facilitate safe and efficient air operations. The 103rd Maintenance Group is responsible for the sustainment of the wing's C-130H fleet, performing , , and to maintain high readiness levels. Its subordinate units include the 103rd Squadron, which handles direct aircraft servicing and repairs; the 103rd Maintenance Squadron, focused on component-level maintenance; and the 103rd Maintenance Operations Flight, which coordinates overall maintenance planning and . The 103rd Mission Support Group manages the wing's base-level infrastructure and services, enabling operational continuity through , communications, force support, logistics readiness, . Key elements under this group include the 103rd Squadron for facility maintenance and construction, the Communications Flight for network and IT support, the Force Support Squadron for personnel services, the Logistics Readiness Squadron for supply and transportation, for base defense .

Support Elements

The 103rd Medical Group ensures the medical readiness of wing personnel by providing comprehensive healthcare services, including bio-environmental engineering, public health, dental care, and nursing support, to maintain medically fit forces for deployment. This group also delivers expeditionary medical capabilities, such as aeromedical evacuation training, which prepares airmen to conduct patient transport in operational environments using aircraft like the C-130 Hercules. Additionally, it adapts Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) protocols for scenarios like active shooter responses, integrating these with fire and emergency services to enhance overall base resilience. The 103rd Air Control Squadron, based at the Orange Air National Guard Station, is a separate unit that provides air battle management, radar surveillance, airspace control, and emergency response capabilities, supporting joint and coalition forces in theater operations as well as state missions. Fire and Emergency Services, operated by the 103rd Civil Engineer Squadron, deliver critical firefighting, crash rescue, and hazardous materials response at Bradley Air National Guard Base, safeguarding personnel and assets during training and emergencies. These services conduct specialized drills, such as confined space rescues from aircraft like the C-130H, and participate in joint exercises to maintain readiness for incidents ranging from aircraft accidents to natural disasters. Recruiting and personnel development efforts within the focus on attracting and preparing future airmen through targeted , including tours for high educators and potential recruits to showcase opportunities. These initiatives emphasize part-time service benefits and paths, fostering partnerships with educational influencers to build a sustainable talent for the 's missions.

History

World War II Origins

The 324th Fighter Group, the predecessor to the 103rd Airlift Wing, was constituted on 24 June 1942 and activated on 6 July 1942 at Mitchel Field, New York. The unit trained with Curtiss P-40 Warhawk fighters during its initial organization, preparing for overseas deployment as part of the expanding United States Army Air Forces effort in World War II. By late 1942, the group relocated to the Middle East, arriving between October and December to operate initially with the Ninth Air Force, where it conducted further training before transitioning to combat roles. In March 1943, the 324th Fighter Group moved to bases in Algeria, beginning operations in the Mediterranean Theater with the Twelfth Air Force. From airfields in Algeria, Tunisia, and later Italy, the group primarily escorted medium bombers on attacks against ground targets and conducted strafing and dive-bombing missions to support Allied ground forces. Its squadrons—the 314th, 315th, and 316th—engaged in patrol missions over the Tunisia-Sicily axis until July 1943, then supported the invasion of Sicily and the advance into southern Italy, operating from temporary bases such as El Haouaria and Menzel Heurr in Tunisia, and Cercola in Italy. The group participated in several key campaigns, including Tunisia, Sicily, Naples-Foggia, Anzio, Rome-Arno, and Southern France, providing close air support during amphibious landings and ground offensives. It earned two Distinguished Unit Citations: the first for sustained operations against enemy forces in North Africa and Sicily from March to July 1943, and the second for intense close support missions during the Battle of Monte Cassino from 12 to 14 May 1944, where it bombed fortified German positions despite heavy antiaircraft fire. By war's end, the 324th had transitioned to Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighters in July 1944, continuing operations until the German surrender. Following the end of hostilities in Europe, the group returned to the United States in August 1945 and was inactivated on 7 1945 at , New York. Its battle honors, lineage, and select personnel were preserved for in the , forming the foundation for the unit's postwar service.

Postwar Reconstitution and Early National Guard Service

Following the inactivation of the 324th Fighter Group in November 1945, the unit was redesignated as the 103rd Fighter Group on 24 May 1946 and allotted to the , inheriting the lineage and battle honors of its predecessor. Federal recognition was extended on 7 August 1946 at Bradley Field (now Bradley Air National Guard Base) in , where the group established its . This reconstitution traced its organizational to the 118th Squadron, which had received federal recognition in 1923 as part of the early units. The 103rd Fighter Group initially operated with P-47 aircraft, beginning equipping in 1947, and focused on air defense missions for the state of under the oversight of the 1st Air Force and later Continental Air Command. Early operations emphasized pilot training flights and readiness exercises to maintain proficiency in fighter tactics. In addition to federal defense roles, the group supported state emergencies, such as flood relief efforts, providing and assistance during natural disasters in the late 1940s. As tensions escalated during the early , the unit underwent redesignation as the 103rd Fighter-Interceptor Group in March 1951 to align with evolving air defense priorities. This period marked the buildup within Air Defense Command, culminating in the transition to the with the receipt of F-84D Thunderjet fighters in January 1953, enhancing the group's capability for intercept and patrol operations.

Korean War Mobilization and Cold War Transitions

In response to the escalating Korean War, the 103rd Fighter Group of the Connecticut Air National Guard was federalized and ordered into active federal service on 1 March 1951. Redesignated as the 103rd Fighter-Interceptor Group, it was assigned to Air Defense Command and activated at Bradley Field, Connecticut, before relocating to Suffolk County Airport (later Suffolk County Air Force Base), New York, on 1 June 1951. There, the unit equipped with F-47D Thunderbolts and conducted air defense patrols along the Eastern Seaboard, contributing to continental air defense efforts without deploying combat personnel overseas. The group was inactivated on 6 February 1952 and returned to state control on 1 December 1952, allowing the Connecticut ANG to resume peacetime operations. Following demobilization, the unit transitioned to jet aircraft, receiving F-84D Thunderjets in 1953 to modernize its fighter capabilities. In 1956, it was redesignated the 103rd Fighter-Interceptor Wing under Air Defense Command, adopting F-94B Starfire all-weather interceptors for enhanced radar-equipped interception missions. This was followed by a conversion to F-86H Sabre fighters in 1957, which improved speed and maneuverability for air defense roles. By 1960, the wing incorporated F-100A Super Sabres, expanding its tactical fighter proficiency while maintaining alert postures amid rising Cold War tensions. The brought further Cold War-driven evolutions, including the adoption of F-102 Delta Dagger interceptors in for supersonic air defense duties. In , underwent reorganization, achieving full wing-level status to streamline command and . During the Crisis, elements of the wing were mobilized under "Yankee Watch," deploying to Rothwesten Air Base, , to monitor and control air in the Berlin-Frankfurt corridor for approximately before returning to . Throughout the and , the 103rd emphasized air defense vigilance and training through regular exercises, sustaining 24-hour runway alerts and preparing for potential contingencies. By , it shifted to with F-100D Super Sabres, focusing on ground attack readiness while retaining interceptor expertise.

Fighter Operations under Air Combat Command

In the early 1970s, the 103rd transitioned its mission focus toward tactical fighter operations under the gaining command of . In spring 1971, the unit was reassigned from its prior air defense role and equipped with F-100D/F Super Sabre aircraft to conduct missions, aligning with the Air Force's emphasis on ground attack capabilities during the late period. This period marked a brief evolution before a major upgrade in 1979, when the 103rd converted to the A-10 Thunderbolt II, a purpose-built platform renowned for its durability and firepower in low-altitude engagements. The A-10's adoption enhanced the unit's ability to deliver precision strikes against armored targets, replacing the aging F-100 fleet and solidifying the 103rd's role in supporting ground forces. The transition occurred without interruption to operations at Bradley Air National Guard Base, where the wing maintained readiness for both training and potential deployments. Following the inactivation of Tactical Air Command on June 1, 1992, the 103rd Fighter Wing was realigned under the newly formed Air Combat Command, which assumed responsibility for conventional fighter forces. This shift ensured continuity in the unit's A-10 operations while integrating it into a broader combat airpower structure focused on expeditionary missions. Under Air Combat Command, the 103rd emphasized advanced training at Bradley ANGB, including routine sorties for pilot proficiency in close air support tactics, and participated in high-intensity exercises such as Red Flag at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, to simulate realistic combat scenarios and improve interoperability with joint forces. Throughout the 1990s, the 103rd supported key U.S. and operations with A-10 rotations, demonstrating the 's effectiveness in contested environments. The deployed personnel and to , , in 1994, 1996, and 1999 to enforce no-fly zones and provide over Bosnia, becoming the first A-10 unit to integrate the Night Vision Imaging System during Balkan missions in 1996 for enhanced nighttime operations. These rotations extended to Operation Allied Force in 1999, where the 103rd contributed to the air campaign by conducting strikes against Serbian forces, accumulating combat hours in coordination with allied . Additionally, the unit flew enforcement missions in Operations Northern Watch and Southern Watch over , monitoring compliance with UN sanctions and engaging threats to coalition assets. The A-10's proven performance in these theaters, including during Operations and where its validated the , reinforced the 103rd's operational and canceled earlier plans for an F-16 transition. The fighter era under began to wind down in the early amid broader realignments aimed at optimizing force structure post-Cold War. Facing reduced demand for dedicated units and decisions from the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission, the 103rd gradually reduced its A-10 inventory through retirements and transfers, with the last two aircraft departing Bradley ANGB in April 2008. This drawdown shifted resources toward emerging mission priorities while preserving the wing's legacy of combat readiness.

Shift to Airlift Role and Modern Era

In 2008, the 103rd Fighter Wing underwent a significant realignment as part of the U.S. Air Force's Base Realignment and Closure initiatives, transitioning from its fighter mission to an airlift role. On April 1, 2008, it was redesignated as the 103rd Airlift Wing and gained operational control under Air Mobility Command, marking a shift to providing tactical airlift and VIP transport capabilities. The wing initially equipped with four C-21A Learjet aircraft, which it unveiled on April 3, 2007, and began flying operational missions on October 1, 2007, focusing on Joint Staff Action Control (JOSAC) VIP airlift, counter-drug operations across the U.S., Central America, and South America, and support for TF-34 engine repairs. This transition followed the retirement of its A-10 Thunderbolt II fleet, with the first overseas deployment of C-21s occurring in 2010 to Southwest Asia in support of Operation Enduring Freedom, where the unit achieved a 100% mission success rate and 98.5% full mission-capable status. The wing's airlift evolution continued into the early amid broader procurement changes. Initially slated to receive C-27J Spartan aircraft as its primary tactical airlifter starting in late 2013, the 103rd Wing's plans were altered when the U.S. canceled the C-27J program in its fiscal 2013 budget proposal due to shifting priorities and constraints. In response, the wing adopted the C-130H , receiving its first aircraft in 2013 and completing delivery of eight by 2014. Training for the C-130H emphasized tactical operations, including airdrop, , and short-field landings; the unit launched its first local C-130H sortie on December 19, 2013, from Bradley Base, achieving initial operational capability in 2016 after rigorous processes. Throughout the , the wing supported with deployments to regions like , contributing to theater and in combat zones. During the 2010s, the 103rd Airlift Wing balanced combat support with domestic humanitarian efforts, exemplifying its expanded role in global mobility. In addition to overseas operations, the unit provided critical aid during Hurricane Sandy in 2012, with personnel from the 103rd Air Control Squadron deploying aircraft for flood damage assessments and supporting local firefighters in coastal response efforts in towns like Milford, Connecticut. The wing integrated into Air Mobility Command's global task forces, enhancing its readiness for rapid-response airlift and participation in exercises that simulated multinational logistics. Infrastructure improvements supported this growth, including the 2017 opening of a new fuel cell and corrosion control facility at Bradley Air National Guard Base dedicated to C-130H maintenance, which improved aircraft sustainment and operational tempo by streamlining inspections and repairs for the Hercules fleet. These developments solidified the wing's position as a key tactical airlift provider through the end of the decade.

Recent Operations and Developments

In 2020, the 103rd Airlift Wing demonstrated its operational readiness through a "Max Fly" mission, launching a five-ship formation of from Bradley Air National Guard Base on to showcase tactical capabilities. The unit also supported domestic response efforts, with Airmen for missions including testing site operations, food distribution, and medical transport across . The wing marked a historic in 2023 with the celebration of the 118th Squadron, federally recognized on , 1923, highlighted by the unveiling of a specially painted C-130H in to honor its "Flying Yankees" legacy. Later that year, on October 16, the 103rd broke ground on a $22 million Aerospace Support Equipment Vehicle Maintenance Composite Facility at Bradley Air National Guard Base, designed to replace aging 1980s-era structures and support the transition to advanced C-130J . In 2024, the 103rd Airlift Wing was named the top airlift unit in the Air National Guard by Air Mobility Command, recognizing its exceptional performance from July 1, 2023, to June 30, 2024, including high operational engagement and mission execution. Advancing toward contested environment operations, the wing participated in Distributed Integrated Combat Turn exercises in June 2025, collaborating with the 104th Fighter Wing and 158th Fighter Wing to hot-refuel and rearm F-35 and F-15 aircraft using C-130s at Westover Air Reserve Base, demonstrating Agile Combat Employment tactics for rapid sustainment in austere settings. These drills built on the unit's focus on distributed forces and interoperability. In September 2025, four veteran aircrew members from the 103rd Operations Group completed their final "fini" flights on September 20, marking the end of distinguished careers with ceremonial sorties. On September 22, 2025, Airmen from the 118th Airlift Squadron supported a mortuary affairs mission at Dover Air Force Base, Delaware, transporting the remains of fallen service members as part of dignified transfer operations. Ongoing modernizations include the of advanced simulators, such as a implemented in 2023 to enhance readiness without real-world risks, and continued enhancements to the engine test facility for C-130 sustainment, originally established in 2021 to improve T56 engine diagnostics and performance testing.

Lineage and Honors

Unit Lineage

The 103rd Airlift Wing's primary subordinate unit, the 118th Airlift Squadron, traces its lineage to the 118th Aero Squadron, organized on 31 August 1917 and federally recognized as the 118th Observation Squadron (Connecticut Air National Guard) on 23 November 1923. During World War II, the 118th served in the China-Burma-India Theater as the 118th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, earning distinction by destroying 14 enemy aircraft and achieving "ace" status among its pilots. The 103rd Airlift Wing traces its origins to the 324th Fighter Group, which was constituted on 24 June 1942 and activated on 6 July 1942. On 24 May 1946, the inactive 324th Fighter Group was redesignated as the 103rd Fighter Group and allotted to the , with federal recognition extended on 7 August 1946. During the , the unit was federalized on 10 1951 and redesignated as the 103rd Fighter-Interceptor Group in 1951, serving until inactivation on 6 1952, after which it returned to state control on 1 1952. In 1956, the unit was redesignated as the 103rd Fighter-Interceptor Wing under Air Defense Command, later transitioning to Tactical Air Command roles in 1971 and redesignated as the 103rd Tactical Fighter Wing. On 15 March 1992, the unit was redesignated as the 103rd Fighter Group as part of the Air Force reorganization to the Objective Wing structure. On 1 April 2008, the unit was redesignated as the 103rd Airlift Wing and gained affiliation with Air Mobility Command, transitioning from fighter to airlift operations with C-130 aircraft. The 103rd Airlift Wing remains active as of November 2025, with no major redesignations or status changes since the 2008 transition.

Assignments, Stations, and Components

During World War II, the unit's predecessor, the 324th Fighter Group, was initially assigned to Ninth Air Force from October 1942 to June 1943 before transferring to Twelfth Air Force in mid-1943 for combat operations in the Mediterranean Theater. Following postwar reconstitution as the 103rd Fighter Group in 1946, it was assigned to First Air Force under Continental Air Command for training. In the early 1950s, amid Cold War tensions, the unit was redesignated and assigned to Air Defense Command, reflecting its shift to interceptor missions. The 103rd's assignments continued to evolve with mission requirements. In 1971, as the 103rd Tactical Fighter Wing equipped with F-100 Super Sabres, it was reassigned to for roles. This alignment persisted into the 1990s after the 1992 establishment of , under which the A-10-equipped wing operated until its transition to duties. On April 1, 2008, redesignated as the 103rd Airlift Wing, it was realigned to , where it remains operationally gained for tactical airlift missions. The wing's primary station has been Bradley Air National Guard Base (formerly Bradley Field) in East Granby, Connecticut, since receiving federal recognition on August 7, 1946. During World War II, the 324th Fighter Group operated from temporary bases including locations in North Africa (such as Egypt and Tunisia) and Europe (Italy, southern France, and Germany) from late 1942 to November 1945. For its Korean War mobilization beginning February 1951, the unit relocated to Suffolk County Air Force Base, New York, providing air defense until demobilization in November 1952. Additional temporary deployments included Rothwesten Air Base, Germany, during the 1961-1962 Berlin Crisis. The 103rd Wing's components have expanded over time to support its multifaceted missions. Wing-level was formalized in the mid-1950s with the 1956 redesignation as the 103rd Fighter-Interceptor Wing, incorporating dedicated support elements beyond the core fighter group. By the 1960s, as part of broader , it adopted a full base with subordinate groups for operations, , and support. The 118th Squadron, tracing its to the original fighter unit, serves as the primary flying component, evolving from observation and fighter roles to current C-130H tactical operations. As of 2025, the wing comprises four main groups: the 103rd Operations Group (including the 118th Airlift Squadron and 103rd Operations Support Squadron for airlift execution); the 103rd Maintenance Group (overseeing aircraft sustainment); the 103rd Medical Group (providing health services); and the 103rd Mission Support Group (handling base operations, logistics, and security). Additionally, the geographically separated 103rd Air Control Squadron in Orange, Connecticut, conducts command and control missions as a key enabler component.

Aircraft Operated

During , as the 324th Fighter Group, the unit operated the Curtiss P-40 Warhawk for initial training and early operations in the Mediterranean Theater, transitioning to the for escort, , and ground attack missions by mid-1944. Following the and reconstitution as the 103rd Fighter Group in the in 1947, the unit continued flying the P-47 Thunderbolt (redesignated F-47) for air defense missions, including during its federal mobilization for the from 1950 to 1952. In 1953, it transitioned to the F-84D Thunderjet, marking its entry into jet operations, followed by upgrades to the F-84F Thunderstreak variant. Throughout the Cold War era, the 103rd operated a series of interceptors and fighters suited to air defense roles. It received the Lockheed F-94B Starfire in for all-weather interception, replaced by the North American F-86H in 1957. By 1960, the unit flew the supersonic North American F-100A Super , briefly reverting to the F-100C model in 1971 after a period with the Convair F-102 Delta Dagger from to 1971. In April 1979, the wing shifted to close air support with the Fairchild Republic A-10A Thunderbolt II, operating the type for 29 years until its phase-out, with the final two aircraft departing Bradley Air National Guard Base on April 8, 2008, after accumulating over 132,000 flight hours. The transition to an airlift mission began in 2007 with the introduction of the Gates Learjet C-21A, which the unit operated until 2013 for intra-theater transport and aeromedical evacuation roles. Since receiving its first Lockheed C-130H Hercules in June 2013, the 103rd Airlift Wing has maintained a fleet of eight C-130H aircraft, configured for tactical airlift with ongoing upgrades to H1 and H3 models for enhanced capabilities in troop and cargo transport.
PeriodPrimary AircraftKey Notes
World War II (1942–1945)P-40 Warhawk, P-47 ThunderboltInitial fighter operations in North Africa and Italy; transition to ground attack role.
Postwar/Korean War (1947–1952)F-47 ThunderboltAir defense of the northeastern U.S.; federalized for Korean War support.
1953–1956F-84D/F Thunderjet/ThunderstreakFirst jet fighters; fighter-bomber configuration.
1956–1957F-94B StarfireAll-weather interceptor.
1957–1960F-86H SabreDay fighter for air defense.
1960–1966, 1971F-100 Super SabreSupersonic fighter-interceptor.
1966–1971F-102 Delta DaggerSupersonic interceptor.
1979–2008A-10A Thunderbolt IIClose air support; 29 years of service, phased out in 2008.
2007–2013C-21A LearjetInitial airlift missions; 4 aircraft operated.
2013–presentC-130H HerculesTactical airlift; fleet of 8 aircraft with H1/H3 upgrades.

Awards, Campaigns, and Recognitions

The 103rd Airlift Wing and its predecessor units have earned numerous campaign credits and unit awards for service in major conflicts and operations, reflecting their contributions to air power from World War II through modern contingencies. During World War II, as the 324th Fighter Group and associated squadrons, the unit participated in eight European and North African campaigns: Tunisia, Sicily, Naples-Foggia, Anzio, Rome-Arno, Northern France, Southern France, and Rhineland. It received two Distinguished Unit Citations—one for operations in North Africa and Sicily from March to July 1943, and another for the Cassino campaign from 12 to 14 May 1944—along with the French Croix de Guerre with Palm for supporting French forces in Italy and France from 1944 to 1945. In the Korean War era, the 103rd Fighter Group was federally mobilized from 10 February 1951 to 10 November 1952, contributing to air defense operations in the northeastern United States and earning a Korean War Service streamer. Postwar, the wing has received multiple Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards, including one with Valor for deployments supporting Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003. In recent years, the 103rd Airlift Wing was named the top airlift unit in the Air National Guard, receiving the Major General Stanley F.H. Newman Award from the Airlift/Tanker Association for exceptional service from July 1, 2023, to June 30, 2024, including missions in the Indo-Pacific and Europe. The wing has further been recognized with Air Force Organizational Excellence Awards in the 2000s and 2010s for operational excellence, as well as state-level commendations from Connecticut for disaster response efforts, such as hurricane relief operations.
Award/CampaignPeriodDescription
Distinguished Unit Citation (North Africa/Sicily)Mar-Jul 1943For combat operations in the Mediterranean Theater.
Distinguished Unit Citation (Cassino)12-14 May 1944For actions during the Italian campaign.
French Croix de Guerre with Palm1944-1945For support to French forces in Italy and France.
Korean War Service Streamer1951-1952For air defense mobilization during the conflict.
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Valor2003For contributions to Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Major General Stanley F.H. Newman Award2023-2024Best Air National Guard airlift unit.

References

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