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Part of a series on the
Book of Mormon
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This list is intended as a compendium of individuals mentioned in the Book of Mormon.

Notation

[edit]

Names with superscripts (e.g., Nephi1) are generally numbered according to the index in the LDS scripture, the Book of Mormon[1] (with minor changes). Missing indices indicate people in the index who are not in the Book of Mormon; for instance, Aaron1 is the biblical Aaron, brother of Moses.

  • Bold type indicates the person was an important religious figure, such as a prophet or a missionary.
  • Italic type indicates the person was a king, chief judge or other ruler.
  • Underlined type indicates the person was a historian or record keeper; one whose writing (abridged or not) is included in The Book of Mormon.
  • Combined typefaces indicate combined roles. For example, bold italic indicates an individual was both a religious and secular leader.

A

[edit]
  • Aaron2, son or descendant of Jaredite king Heth2, in line of kingly succession, who spent his life in captivity. Father of Amnigaddah.[2]
  • Aaron3, Nephite and formerly rebellious second son of Mosiah2, who after conversion refused the throne and became successful missionary. Cast into prison in Middoni, delivered by Lamoni and Ammon3. Instrumental in converting father of Lamoni. Brother to Ammon3, Omner, and Himni (c. 92 BC).[3]
  • Aaron4, Lamanite king who attacked Mormon2 with a larger army, but lost (c. AD 330).[4]
  • Abinadi, Nephite prophet sent to people of Lehi-Nephi. Instrumental in conversion of Alma1. Prophesied to Noah3, then was burned to death (c. 150 BC).[5]
  • Abinadom, Nephite historian and warrior who knew of neither revelation nor prophecy. Son of Chemish and father of Amaleki1 (c. 3rd century BC).[6]
  • Abish, Lamanite woman converted following her father's vision, and a servant of Lamoni's wife.[7]
  • Aha, Nephite military officer and son of Zoram2 who went into Lamanite territory to recover captives (c. 80 BC).[8]
  • Ahah, an iniquitous Jaredite king who led a short life. Son of Seth2, and father or ancestor of Ethem.[9]
  • Akish, wicked Jaredite son of Kimnor, and erstwhile friend of Omer, who worked in secret combinations. Plotted with Jared3 and his daughter to overthrow Omer. Obtained kingdom by slaying Jared3. Jealous of his own son, imprisoned and starved him, which angered another son Nimrah, and initiated a years-long war between Akish and his sons.[10]
  • Alma1, known as "Alma the Elder". Nephite prophet and former priest of Noah3, converted by Abinadi. After pleading Abinadi's case, was cast out and fled from place to place to escape king's priests. In the wilderness, repented, reestablished church, preached, and baptized 204 souls at the Waters of Mormon. Led many followers, but declined kingship. In Helam, surrendered to Lamanites, oppressed by Noahide priest Amulon, delivered through faith, then fled to Zarahemla where he met Mosiah2. Instrumental in conversion of Limhi (c. 173-91 BC).[11]
  • Alma2, son of Alma1, known as "Alma the Younger". Nephite prophet and first chief judge. After seeking to destroy Church with sons of Mosiah2, saw an angel who struck them dumb. Converted, he taught the people and was later appointed chief judge and high priest. During reign, sentenced Nehor, led Nephite army, slew Amlici, baptized many, mourned wickedness in the church, and resigned judgment seat to Nephihah. Preached in Gideon, Zarahemla, Melek, and Ammonihah, where he was reviled. Angelic visitation brought him to Amulek, with whom he went out to preach. Accused by Zeezrom and questioned by Antionah. The people, angered, sought his death and that of other believers. Imprisoned with Amulek, where their prayers broke prison walls. Healed Zeezrom, continued preaching, and encountered and confronted antichrist Korihor. Advised Moroni2 on military strategy. Father of Helaman2, Shiblon, and Corianton. Continued preaching and prophesying until end of his life (c. 100-73 BC).[12]
  • Amaleki1, Nephite record keeper, son of Abinadom, who delivered the plates to King Benjamin (c. 130 BC).[13]
  • Amaleki2, Nephite explorer, brother of Ammon2, and a seeker of Zeniff's people (c. 121 BC).[14]
  • Amalickiah, Nephite traitor, elder brother of Ammoron, who lead revolt against Helaman2, threatened to drink blood of Moroni1. After poisoning Lehonti and killing king of the Lamanites3, obtained throne and warred with Nephites. Killed by Teancum (c. 70 BC).[15]
  • Amaron, Nephite record keeper who saw destruction of "more wicked part" of the Nephites. Brother of Chemish and son of Omni (c. 3rd century BC).[16]
  • Aminadab, Nephite dissenter living among Lamanites. Reconverted by Nephi2 and Lehi4, whom he testified were conversing with angels (c. 30 BC).[17]
  • Amgid (/ˈæmɡɪd/),[18] late Jaredite usurper king, overthrown by Com2.[19]
  • Aminadi, who interpreted writing on wall of the temple, written by the finger of God. Descendant of Nephi1 and ancestor of Amulek.[20]
  • Amlici, Nephite dissenter who became leader of dissenters, and was slain by Alma2 in battle (c. 87 BC). Namesake of the Amlicite people.[21]
  • Ammah, Nephite missionary, companion of Aaron3 and Muloki. Preached at Ani-Anti and Middoni, imprisoned in Middoni, rescued by Ammon3.[22]
  • Ammaron, fourth Nephite record keeper after visitation of Christ. Told Mormon2 how and when to hide plates. Son of Amos2, brother of Amos3 (c. AD 306).[23]
  • Ammon1, also called Ben-Ammi, son of the Biblical Lot, the children of whom Isaiah1 (as quoted by Jacob2) prophesied will obey the stem of Jesse.[24]
  • Ammon2, a Mulekite descendant and leader of a Nephite expedition from Zarahemla to land of Nephi, who lead Limhi and his people to freedom (c. 121 BC).[25]
  • Ammon3, formerly rebellious son of Mosiah2 and brother to Aaron3, Omner, and Himni.[26] After refusing kingship, became a missionary to Lamanites. Converted Lamoni, his wife, and many of his people, none of whom ever fell away. Though attacked by non-believers, could not be slain. In Middoni, freed his brethren from prison, and later helped Anti-Nephi-Lehies migrate to Zarahemla, then to land of Jershon. As high priest over Ammonites, banished the antichrist Korihor. Joined Alma2 on mission to Zoramites where they were astonished to discover the Rameumptom (c. 100 BC).[27]
  • Ammoron, Nephite traitor, brother of Amalickiah and descendant of Zoram, who engaged in angry correspondence with Moroni1. King of the Lamanites after Amalickiah's death, then killed by Teancum (c. 66-61 BC).[28]
  • Amnigaddah, captive Jaredite, in line of kingly succession. Father of Coriantum2, and son of Aaron2.[29]
  • Amnor, Nephite spy in Amlicite campaign, along with Limher, Manti, and Zeram (c. 87 BC).[30]
  • Amoron, Nephite from fifth century AD. Contemporary and subordinate of the prophet and army commander Mormon2 during final war between Lamanites and Nephites (c. AD 380–400).[31]
  • Amos2, second Nephite record keeper documenting time of peace following visitation from Christ. Father of Amos3 and Ammaron, son of Nephi4 (c. AD 110–194).[32]
  • Amos3, son of Amos2, third record keeper documenting Nephite history after visitation by Christ. Passed record to brother Ammaron (c. AD 194–306).[33]
  • Amulek, Nephite son of Giddonah1, who was visited by an angel, converted by and a missionary companion of Alma2, and caused prison walls to tumble (c. 82–74 BC).[34]
  • Amulon, wicked leader of priests of Noah3 at time of king Laman3, who was later made king and threatened believers with death.[35]
  • Anti-Nephi-Lehi, brother of Lamoni, king over converted Lamanites, who counseled with Ammon3. Namesake of ethnic group the Anti-Nephi-Lehies.[36]
  • Antiomno, Lamanite king of land of Middoni and friend to Lamoni, who imprisoned the missionaries Aaron3, Muloki, and Ammah.[37]
  • Antionah, chief ruler in Ammonihah who inquired of Alma2 about nature of immortality.[38]
  • Antionum, Nephite commander lost in final battle at Cumorah (c. AD 385).[39]
  • Antipus, Nephite commander in city of Judea who battled Lamanites with Helaman2 and stripling warriors (c. 65 BC).[40]
  • Archeantus (/ˌɑːrkiˈæntəs/),[41] Nephite soldier, one of three "choice men" slain in battle (c. AD 375).[42][43]

B

[edit]
  • Benjamin, known as King Benjamin, righteous Nephite prophet and king, and father of Mosiah2, Helorum, and Helaman1. Reigned after father, Mosiah1. Drove warring Lamanites from Zarahemla using sword of Laban, received plates from Amaleki1, and established peace. After instructing sons to protect records and conferring kingdom on eldest, addressed people from tower, where he admonished service, industry, and charity to the poor. Taught of Christ (c. 120 BC).[44]
  • Brother of Amaleki1 (unnamed), and son of Abinadom, who participated in both expeditions to Land of Nephi, along with Zeniff.[45] At least one writer argues that this individual might be same person as the prophet Abinadi.[46]
  • Brothers of Amulon (unnamed), perhaps metaphorical brothers (comprising priests of Noah3), who taught language of Nephi1 to Lamanites by order of King Laman3.[47]
  • Brother of Jared2, (also Mahonri Moriancumer),[48][49][50] prophet who asked God not to confound language of family and friends (collectively, the Jaredites) at the Tower of Babel, and who moved a mountain. Lead by God out of the land, instructed to build several watertight barges, and prayed over how to light them and ensure adequate air. Charged to propose a solution, found stones and asked God to light them. In a theophany, saw the finger of God — the premortal Christ — touch stones to make them shine, and was astonished to see Christ had form and substance. Taken inside veil, received the Urim and Thummim along with additional revelation. Instructed to write the revelations, which were kept under seal until after Christ's future appearance. After dramatic ocean crossing, established self in the land and became father of 22 sons and daughters, including Pagag. Argued unsuccessfully against establishment of a monarchy.[51]
  • Brother of Kim (unnamed), unrighteous middle Jaredite who rebelled against Kim and subjected him and his descendants to captivity. Son of Morianton1.[52]
  • Brother of Nimrah (unnamed), Jaredite whose father, Akish, imprisoned and starved him to death out of jealousy, sparking a war between Akish and his sons.[53]
  • Brother of Shiblom1 (and presumably, son of Com2), Jaredite who ordered death of all the prophets.[54]

C

[edit]
  • Captain Moroni, see Moroni1
  • Cezoram, eighth Nephite chief judge (c. 30 BC), preceded by Nephi2, son of Helaman, and succeeded by his son, and eventually by Seezoram. (Cezoram and Seezoram are two different people and should not be confused with one another).[55]
  • Chemish, Nephite record keeper, son of Omni and brother of Amaron (c. 3rd century BC).[56]
  • Cohor1, unrighteous early Jaredite king, son of Corihor1 and brother of Noah2. He joined Noah2, with "all his brethren and many of the people" to establish a rival kingdom to Shule's. No further references were made, but he seems to have been influential, as Noah2 later named son after him,[57] and name was passed down[58] to end of Jaredite lineage.[59]
  • Cohor2, wicked early Jaredite king slain by Shule. Son of Noah2, father of Nimrod2.[60]
  • Cohor3, late Jaredite mentioned only as father of fair [tragic] sons and daughters.[58]
  • Com1 (/koʊm/),[61] righteous middle Jaredite king, son of Coriantum1 and father of Heth1; dethroned by his son.[62]
  • Com2, righteous late Jaredite king who drew away half to kingdom, then battled against Amgid for remainder of kingdom; fought in vain against robbers. Father of Shiblom1 (Shiblon) and at least one other son, son of Coriantum2.[63]
  • Corianton (/ˌkɒriˈæntən/),[64] son of Alma2 (and younger brother to Helaman2 and Shiblon), Nephite missionary after he repented of chasing after the harlot Isabel (c. 74 BC).[65]
  • Coriantor, late Jaredite in line of kingship, son of Moron, father or ancestor of Ether. Although his father had been king, Coriantor "dwelt in captivity all his days".[66]
  • Coriantum1, righteous middle Jaredite king, a city builder who married in old age. Son of Emer, father of Com1.[67]
  • Coriantum2, captive middle Jaredite in line of kingly succession. Father of Com2, son of Amnigaddah.[68]
  • Coriantumr1, early Jaredite, son of king Omer and brother of Emer, who restored kingdom to his father.[69]
  • Coriantumr2, last Jaredite king and last Jaredite survivor. Fought Shared and warred against Gilead, Lib2, and Shiz. Lived 9 months with people of Zarahemla (c. 130 BC).[70]
  • Coriantumr3, Nephite apostate, commander of Lamanite forces, descendant of Zarahemla. Large and mighty man who invaded city of Zarahemla, slew chief judge Pacumeni at city wall, then marched on Bountiful until Moronihah1 cut him down (c. 51 BC).[71]
  • Corihor1, early Jaredite and rebel son of Kib (and brother to Shule), who later repented of his rebellion. Fathered Noah2 and Cohor1, both of whom then rebelled against him.[72]
  • Corihor2, late Jaredite mentioned only as father of fair [tragic] sons and daughters.[58] (Not to be confused with the antichrist Korihor.)
  • Corom (/ˈkɔːrəm/),[73] middle Jaredite king, who did good for his people and fathered many children, including Kish. Son of Levi2.[74]
  • Cumenihah (/ˌkuːməˈnaɪhɑː/),[75] Nephite commander lost in final battle at Cumorah (c. AD 385).[39]

D

[edit]
  • Daughter of Jared3 (unnamed), who sought to save her father's kingdom and kill Omer, and who married Akish and conspired with him and others to instigate secret combinations (c. 63 BC).[76]

E

[edit]
  • Emer (/ˈiːmər/),[77] middle Jaredite king who had a peaceful, prosperous reign of 62 years, executed righteous judgment, and saw Jesus Christ. Son of Omer and father of Coriantum1.[78]
  • Emron (/ˈɛmrɒn/),[79] Nephite soldier, one of three "choice men" slain in battle (c. AD 375).[42],[43]
  • Enos2, son of Jacob2, a Nephite prophet and record keeper, narrator of Book of Enos, who prayed morning to night to receive remission of sins.[80]
  • Esrom (/ˈɛzrəm/),[81] early Jaredite, son of Omer and brother to Coriantumr1, who fought their brother Jared3 to return kingdom to his father.[82]
  • Ethem, wicked later Jaredite king whose people hardened their hearts. Son or descendant of Ahah, father of Moron.[83]
  • Ether, influential and final Jaredite prophet. Descendant of Coriantor and namesake of Book of Ether. Made his record on 24 gold plates. Prophesied at time of Coriantumr2 but was rejected. Hid in cave from which he viewed final destruction of Jaredites, after which, finished and hid record later discovered by people of Limhi.[84]
  • Ezias (/iːˈzaɪəs/),[85] ancient prophet who testified in same manner as Zenock, Isaiah1, and Jeremiah, argued by Reynolds[86] to be same as the Esaias[87],[88] who lived in days of Abraham.[89]


G

[edit]
  • Gadianton, a Nephite dissenter and chief of Gadianton robbers (c. 50 BC). Flattered Kiskumen to become leader of robber band, but after failing to kill Helaman3, fled to the wilderness. Later conspired in murder of chief judge Cezoram and his son, received secret oaths and covenants from the devil, and nearly destroyed Nephites.[90]
  • Gazelem, a seer (or, alternatively, a seer stone) prepared by God to see secret works of darkness.[91],[92]
  • Gid, Nephite military officer and chief captain over band appointed to guard prisoners. Reported to Helaman2 the death and escape of rebellious prisoners, and took part in a strategy to capture Lamanite cities (c. 63 BC).[93]
  • Giddianhi (/ˌɡɪdiˈænhaɪ/),[94] chief of Gadianton robbers who arrogantly demanded Nephite lands from Lachoneus1, then commanded followers to go to battle against Nephites. Defeated and slain (c. AD 16–21).[95]
  • Giddonah1 (/ɡɪˈdoʊnɑː/),[96] Amulek's father and son of Ishmael3, named as Amulek's authority for preaching to people of Ammonihah.[97]
  • Giddonah2, high priest and chief judge in Gideon who was challenged by the antichrist Korihor (c. 75 BC).[98]
  • Gideon, Nephite patriot and counselor to king Limhi. A strong man who fought King Noah3, but spared his life. Later sent men into the wilderness to search for Noah3 and his priests, counselled with Limhi regarding dealings with Lamanite king, proposed a plan for escaping from Lamanites, taught in the Church, and withstood the antichrist Nehor, but was slain by Nehor. A valley and a city were named after him (c. 145-91 BC).[99]
  • Gidgiddonah (/ˌɡɪdɡɪˈdoʊnɑː/),[100] Nephite commander slain with his 10,000 at battle of Cumorah (c. AD 385).[101]
  • Gidgiddoni, Nephite commander, prophet, and judge appointed by Lachoneus1 to lead forces against followers of Gadianton robber Giddianhi. Gidgiddoni refused the people’s petition for offensive campaign, stockpiled weapons, and defeated the robbers when attacked. His campaign established a great peace (c. AD 16).[102]
  • Gilead, brother of Shared, who slew part of army of Coriantumr2 when they were drunk, and took over Coriantumr2's throne.[103]
  • Gilgah (/ˈɡɪlɡɑː/),[104] second son of Jared2, an early Jaredite who walked humbly before God and refused kingship.[105]
  • Gilgal, Nephite commander lost in final battle at Cumorah (c. AD 385).[39]

H

[edit]
  • Hagoth, Nephite ship builder, curious man who built ships to find those who went northward. Some of the ships disappeared and were never heard from again (c. 55 BC).[106]
  • Hearthom, righteous middle Jaredite king who lost kingdom after 24 years and fell into captivity. Son of Lib1, and father of Heth2.[107]
  • Helam (/ˈhiːləm/),[108] convert from people of Noah3 and first of those baptized by Alma1 (c. 147 BC).[109] Likely namesake of city and land of Helam.[110],[111]
  • Helaman1, third son of King Benjamin (c. 130 BC), brother of Mosiah2 and Helorum. Taught by their father to read the writings in their original language.[112]
  • Helaman2, eldest son of Alma2, prophet and military commander. Maintained records, prophesied Nephite destruction, preached and baptized many, and reestablished church. Persuaded Ammonites to keep their oath to lay down arms, and was followed into battle by 2,000 of their young stripling sons. With help of Antipus, defeated Lamanites by means of decoy. Corresponded with Moroni1 and Ammoron. After battles, returned to Zarahemla where he continued to preach until his death (c. 74-56 BC).[113]
  • Helaman3, sixth Nephite chief judge and eldest son of Helaman2. Received records from Shiblon and was appointed a judge. The plot of Gadianton robber Kishkumen to murder him failed because of the intervention of a servant. Lived righteously and fathered Nephi2 and Lehi4 (c. 53 BC).[114]
  • Helem (/ˈhiːlɛm/),[115] brother of Ammon2 and a seeker of people of Zeniff.[14]
  • Helorum (/hiːˈlɔːrəm/),[116] second son of King Benjamin (c. 130 BC), brother of Mosiah2 and Helaman1. Mentioned by name in only one verse,[117] but was addressed with his brothers by King Benjamin. Taught by their father to read the writings in their original language.[112]
  • Hem (/hɛm/),[118] brother of Ammon2 and a seeker of people of Zeniff.[14]
  • Heth1, unrighteous middle Jaredite king who rebelled, slew his father, and brought about famine, causing many followers to emigrate to Zarahemla. Son of Com1, and father of Shez1.[119]
  • Heth2, middle Jaredite in line of kingly succession, who lived in captivity all his days. Son of Hearthom, and ancestor of Aaron2.[120]
  • High priest of Gilead, who murdered Gilead as he sat on his throne, and who was in turn murdered by Lib2 in a secret pass.[121]
  • Himni, youngest son of Mosiah2, unbeliever who tried to destroy the Church, was converted by an angel, and traveled through Zarahemla with brothers to repair injuries they had done. Left in charge of the Church when Alma2 and companions began their missionary journey (c. 100-74 BC).[26]

I

[edit]
  • Isabel, harlot in land of Siron who stole many hearts, and who was chased after by Corianton (c. 75 BC).[122]
  • Isaiah1, Hebrew prophet extensively quoted by Nephi1,[123] Jacob2,[124] Abinadi,[125] and the resurrected Jesus Christ[126] (c. 800 BC).[127]
  • Isaiah2, one of twelve Nephite disciples chosen by the resurrected Jesus Christ.[128] Taught multitude, prayed, encircled by fire, among either nine taken up into heavens or three allowed to remain (c. AD 34).[129]
  • Ishmael2, an Ephraimite from Jerusalem who travelled with his household into the wilderness with families of Lehi1 and Zoram1. Father of sons and daughters who married travelling companions and often rebelled.[130]
  • Ishmael3, grandfather of Amulek, in his line of authority for preaching to people of Ammonihah.[97]

J

[edit]
  • Jacob1, Biblical patriarch and an ancestor of Lehi1, whose name was found on brass plates of Laban, whose words were cited by Moroni1,[131] and whose house is referenced frequently in the Book of Mormon.[132]
  • Jacob2, righteous fifth son of Lehi1, a Nephite prophet and record keeper. Accompanied brother Nephi1 into wilderness, consecrated as priest and teacher, quoted Isaiah1, saw destruction of Jerusalem in vision, and was given the small plates where he recorded spiritual things. Confounded Sherem and later gave plates to his son Enos2 (c. 599 BC).[133]
  • Jacob3, Nephite apostate and Zoramite captain, who left city Mulek to fight decoy set by Teancum, was surprised by army of Lehi3, and thereby lost command of city to Moroni1. Killed in ensuring battle (c. 64 BC).[134]
  • Jacob4, Nephite apostate who was chosen king by secret combination. Seeing he was outnumbered, commanded his people to flee and establish kingdom in north. His city, Jacobugath, was burned (c. AD 29-30).[135]
  • Jacom, first son of Jared2. Early Jaredite who walked humbly before God and refused kingship.[105]
  • Jared2, founder and righteous first leader of Jaredites. Came from Tower of Babel with brother and friends. Father to Jacom, Gilgah, Mahah, Orihah, and eight daughters. Asked brother to pray that their language not be confounded. After landing in new world, argued against a monarchy, but relented in the face of people's resistance. Record was explicated by Moroni2.[136]
  • Jared3, unrighteous middle Jaredite king who seized kingdom from his father Omer. Brother of Esrom and Coriantumr1, who retook the kingdom and restored it to their father. Worked in secret combinations with his daughter and Akish to regain kingdom. Slain by Akish's band.[137]
  • Jarom, Nephite record keeper and primary author of Book of Jarom who saw many wars and grieved over stiff-neckedness of Lamanites. Contrasted their blood-thirsty ways with the well-being of his own people. Son or descendant of Enos2 and father of Omni (c. 399–361 BC).[138]
  • Jeneum (/ˈdʒɛniəm/),[139] Nephite commander lost in final battle at Cumorah (c. AD 385).[39]
  • Jeremiah2, one of twelve Nephite disciples chosen by the resurrected Jesus Christ.[128] Taught multitude, prayed, encircled by fire, among either nine taken up into heavens or three allowed to remain (c. AD 34).[129]
  • Jesus Christ, Savior and Redeemer, who appeared as a resurrected Being to the Nephite people, taught and blessed them. Prophesied of by name and by titles throughout the Lehite diaspora until his appearance (c. 34 AD).[140]
  • Jonas1, son of Nephi3, and one of twelve Nephite disciples chosen by the resurrected Jesus Christ.[128] Taught multitude, prayed, encircled by fire, among either nine taken up into the heavens or three allowed to remain (c. AD 34).[129]
  • Jonas2, one of twelve Nephite disciples chosen by the resurrected Jesus Christ.[128] Taught multitude, prayed, encircled by fire, among either nine taken up into the heavens or three allowed to remain (c. AD 34).[129]
  • Joseph2, sixth son of Lehi1 who followed his brother Nephi1 into the wilderness and was a just and holy man (c. 595 BC).[141]
  • Josh, Nephite commander lost in final battle at Cumorah (c. AD 385).[39]
  • Judge in Ammonihah (unnamed), of order of Nehor. Burned believers. Smote, starved, and imprisoned Alma2 and Amulek. Killed by collapse of prison walls (c. 81 BC).[142]

K

[edit]
  • Kib, righteous early Jaredite king and father of Corihor1, who took him into captivity, and Shule, who freed him and restored him to his throne. Son of Orihah.[143]
  • Kim, rebellious middle Jaredite king and son of Morianton1, who was taken into captivity by his own brother. Father of Levi2.[144]
  • Kimnor (/ˈkɪmnɔːr/),[145] early Jaredite, father of Akish.[146]
  • King Benjamin (see Benjamin)
  • King of the Lamanites1 (unnamed), who subjugated Limhi and his people. Slain during battle with people of Limhi (c. 121 BC).[147]
  • King of the Lamanites2 (unnamed), who was father of Lamoni and Anti-Nephi-Lehi, and who was converted by Aaron3 (c. 90 BC).[148]
  • King of the Lamanites3 (unnamed), who was slain by Amalickiah's servant (c. 72 BC).[149]
  • King of the Lamanites4 (unnamed), to whom Nephite dissenters appealed. Possibly the same as, or a successor to, Tubaloth (c. 38 BC).[150]
  • King of the Lamanites5 (possibly Aaron4, or his unnamed successor), who sent an epistle to Mormon (c. 360 AD).[151]
  • Kish, middle Jaredite king about whom little is known; father of Lib1 and son of Corom, two righteous kings.[152]
  • Kishkumen, co-founder of Gadianton robbers. Secretly murdered Pahoran2 and escaped justice because of secret combinations. His plan to kill Helaman3 was foiled, leading to his murder.[153]
  • Korihor, antichrist who was successful in Zarahemla and Gideon, but was run out of Jershon. Debated Giddonah2 and Alma2, was struck dumb, then trodden down by Zoramites (c. 74 BC).[154]
  • Kumen (/ˈkuːmən/),[155] one of twelve Nephite disciples chosen by the resurrected Jesus Christ.[128] Taught multitude, prayed, encircled by fire, among either nine taken up into the heavens or three allowed to remain (c. AD 34).[129]
  • Kumenonhi (/ˌkuːməˈnɒnhaɪ/),[156] one of twelve Nephite disciples chosen by the resurrected Jesus Christ.[128] Taught multitude, prayed, encircled by fire, among either nine taken up into the heavens or three allowed to remain (c. AD 34).[129]

L

[edit]
  • Laban, custodian of the brass plates who refused to turn them over to sons of Lehi1, and confiscated their riches when they attempted to purchase the plates. Slain by Nephi1, who used Laban's sword as a model for others (c. 600 BC).[157]
  • Lachoneus1, eleventh known Nephite chief judge, who received a threatening epistle from Giddianhi (the robber leader), then gathered his people and prepared fortifications. Prophesied and called his people to repentance. Appointed Gidgiddoni as commander of Nephites. After battles and ending of a siege, peace ensued (c. AD 1).[158]
  • Lachoneus2, son of Lachoneus1, twelfth known (and last) Nephite chief judge whose people became proud and wicked (c. AD 29–30).[159]
  • Lamah (/ˈleɪmə/),[160] Nephite commander lost in final battle at Cumorah (c. AD 385).[39]
  • Laman1, rebellious eldest son of Lehi1 and brother to Lemuel, Sam, Nephi1, Jacob2, and Joseph2. Travelled into the wilderness with his family, murmured against his father and his younger brother Nephi1, failed to obtain brass plates from Laban, smote brothers, stirred up Lemuel and sons of Ishmael2 to kill Nephi1, chastised by an angel, and brought generational curse upon own family and followers, who were named Lamanites after him (c. 600 BC).[161]
  • Laman2, Lamanite king and father of Laman3. Deceived Zeniff and stirred up his people against him (c. 200 B.C.).[162]
  • Laman3, son of Laman2 and a king of the Lamanites, who appointed Amulon to power, then subjugated him (c. 178 BC).[163]
  • Laman4, Nephite soldier sought out by Moroni1 because he was a direct descendant of Laman1 and former servant of the Lamanite king3 slain by Amalickiah's servant. Enticed Lamanite guards to drunkenness, thereby allowing Nephite prisoners to escape city of Gid (c. 178 BC).[164]
  • Lamoni, descendant of Ishmael2 and a Lamanite king dramatically converted by Ammon3. While being taught by Ammon3 he fell to the earth, as did his wife, overcome by Spirit. Their revival lead to conversion of many. Accompanied Ammon3 to Middoni to free the prisoners there — during which journey he met his father, who threatened to kill them both, but who was later converted. Upon return, taught his people, built synagogues, and counseled in defense of Anti-Nephi-Lehies (c. 178 BC).[165]
  • Leader (unnamed), bloodthirsty head of first of two expeditions returning to Land of Nephi, which expeditions are described in books of Omni[166] and Mosiah,[167] and both of which included Zeniff (c. 200 BC).
  • Lehi1, Hebrew prophet who led family and followers to promised land in western hemisphere. Father of Laman1, Lemuel, Nephi1, Sam, Jacob2, Joseph2, and several daughters. Recipient of Liahona.[168] His visions[169] foretold major divisions described throughout the Book of Mormon. When his son Nephi1 broke his bow and family went hungry, murmured against God, but repented and continued prophesying to end of his life (c. 600 BC).[170]
  • Lehi2, son of Zoram2 who went with his father and brother Aha to rescue their captured brethren (c. 81 BC).[171]
  • Lehi3, Nephite military commander (possibly same as Lehi2), who assisted Moroni1 in defeating Lamanites, became chief captain over city of Noah, took command of city of Mulek, fought alongside Teancum, and assisted Moronihah1 (c. 74 BC).[172]
  • Lehi4, Nephite missionary, younger son of Helaman3, who with brothers Nephi2 and Moronihah1, was instrumental in converting 8,000 Lamanites. In land of Nephi, cast into prison with brother, protected by a pillar of fire, conversed with angels, brought down prison walls, and with faith wrought change upon Lamanites (c. 45 BC).[173]
  • Lehonti (/liːˈhɒntaɪ/),[174] Lamanite officer who was lured into trap by Amalickiah and poisoned (c. 72 BC).[175]
  • Lemuel, rebellious second son of Lehi1 and brother to Laman1, Sam, Nephi1, Jacob2, and Joseph2. Travelled into the wilderness with his family, murmured against his father and younger brother Nephi1, failed to obtain brass plates from Laban, smote brothers, stirred up Laman1 and sons of Ishmael2 to kill Nephi1, was chastised by an angel, became follower of Laman1, thereby bringing a generational curse upon own family (c. 600 BC).[176]
  • Levi2, righteous middle Jaredite king who fought way out of captivity and ruled justly. Father of Corom, and son of Kim.[177]
  • Lib1 (/lɪb/),[178] righteous middle Jaredite king who rid land of serpents and became a great hunter. Son of Kish, and father of Hearthom.[179]
  • Lib2, wicked late Jaredite king and brother of Shiz, who fought Coriantumr2 for control of kingdom, worked in secret combinations, murdered Gilead, and was killed by Coriantumr2. Lib2 was largest man in kingdom.[180]
  • Limhah (/ˈlɪmhɑː/),[181] Nephite commander lost in final battle at Cumorah (c. AD 385).[39]
  • Limher, Nephite spy in Amlicite campaign, along with Amnor, Manti, and Zeram (c. 87 BC).[30]
  • Limhi, righteous son of Noah3, and third and final Nephite king in land of Lehi-Nephi. While in bondage to Lamanites — and after three unsuccessful rebellions — encountered Ammon1 and brethren, learned their good news from Zarahemla, and shared with them record of Zeniff. Invited them to preach to his people, then planned their joint escape on advice of Gideon. Taught and baptized by Alma1, and joined people of king Mosiah2, to whom he gave the 24 gold plates of Jaredite prophet Ether (c. 121 BC).[182]
  • Luram (/ˈlʊərəm/),[183] Nephite soldier, one of three "choice men" slain in battle (c. AD 375).[42][43]

M

[edit]
  • Mahah, third son of Jared2, an early Jaredite who walked humbly before God and refused kingship.[105]
  • Manti, Nephite spy in Amlicite campaign, along with Amnor, Limher, and Zeram (c. 87 BC).[30]
  • Mathoni (/məˈθoʊnaɪ/),[184] brother of Mathonihah, and one of twelve Nephite disciples chosen by the resurrected Jesus Christ.[128] Taught multitude, prayed, encircled by fire, among either nine taken up into the heavens or three allowed to remain (c. AD 34).[129]
  • Mathonihah (/ˌmæθoʊˈnaɪhɑː/),[185] brother of Mathoni, and one of twelve Nephite disciples chosen by the resurrected Jesus Christ.[128] Taught multitude, prayed, encircled by fire, among either nine taken up into the heavens or three allowed to remain (c. AD 34).[129]
  • Morianton1 (/ˌmɒriˈæntən/),[186] just middle Jaredite king in lineage of Ether, who re-established kingdom after many generations and eased burden of the people, though he himself was cut off from God. Descendant of Riplakish; father of Kim and at least one other son.[187]
  • Morianton2, founder of Nephite city of Morianton, Nephite traitor and ruler of people of Morianton, instigator of Lehi-Morianton border dispute. Sought to invade land of Lehi, but when he beat one of his maid servants, she fled to tell Moroni1 of his plans. During ensuing battle, slain by Teancum and army was taken captive (c. 68 BC).[188]
  • Mormon1, father of Mormon2 and a descendant of Nephi1 (c. AD 322).[189]
  • Mormon2, abridger and keeper of Nephite record, military commander, historian. Visited by Ammaron at age 10 and instructed to take record from the hill Shim when 24 years old. Following year, taken south by his father to Zarahemla. At age 15 experienced theophany and, being large in stature, appointed military leader over Nephites. Repeatedly withdrew in face of combined forces of Lamanites and robbers; attributed military losses to wickedness of Nephites. At age 24 retrieved buried plates and began work of recording. Resigned leadership, witnessed near total destruction of his people, buried the large plates, and turned over small plates to Moroni2 (c. AD 333).[190]
  • Moron, late Jaredite king who reigned during a time of great wickedness and turmoil, and was himself wicked. Lost half his kingdom for many years because of a rebellion and, after regaining kingdom, was completely overthrown and lived out his life in captivity. Son of Ethem, father of Coriantor, grandfather or ancestor of the prophet Ether.[191]
  • Moroni1, known as Captain Moroni, Nephite military commander. Took command of all Nephite armies at age 25. Equipped followers sufficiently to intimidate Lamanites armies, who fled.  Sent out spies and sought prophetic advice from Alma2 to defend liberty, lands, and Church. Engaged in largely successful military campaigns against larger armies. Demanded surrender of Zerahemnah, who refused, and was scalped during an attempted attack. Upon learning of Amalickiah’s dissent, raised title of liberty to inspire steadfastness. Cut off enemy troops. Put to death those who continued to rebel. Rebuilt city of Ammonihah and fortified cities to repel attack. Ended rebellion of Morianton2. Contended with authoritarian king-men, reinforced Teancum's troops, wounded while retaking Mulek, and sent Laman4 to retake Gid by decoy. Corresponded with Pahoran1, with whom he retook city of Nephihah, raising standard of liberty wherever he went. Yielded command of army to Moronihah1 before death (c. 99-56 BC).[192]
  • Moroni2, prophet, last Nephite, son of Mormon2. One of only 24 to survive last great battle at Cumorah. Received small number of plates from father in order to protect remainder from destruction. Worked to finish record, abridged record of Ether, mourned loss of Nephite civilization, and warned unbelievers before sealing up record (c. AD 421).[193] In Latter-day Saint faith, was the angelic messenger who appeared to, taught, and delivered plates to Joseph Smith.[194]
  • Moronihah1, righteous Nephite general, son of Moroni1. Received command of armies from father, drove back Lamanites, surprised by Coriantumr3’s invasion. Defeated invaders to retake city of Zarahemla. Peace interrupted, driven back into Bountiful by army of Nephite dissenters. Slaughter attributed to Nephite corruption. Taught repentance, and thereby regained half of lost territory (c. 60 BC).[195]
  • Moronihah2, Nephite general who perished at final battle of Cumorah, along with his ten-thousand (c. AD 385).[39]
  • Mosiah1, Nephite prophet and king of land of Zarahemla, who had gift of interpretation. Translated stone record of the Mulekites. Father of King Benjamin (c. 200 BC).[196]
  • Mosiah2, Nephite prophet and king, and also seer who could translate by means of interpreters.[197] Eldest son of King Benjamin. He and brothers taught by their father to read writings in their original language.[112] Near end of life, advocated for an end of monarchy and adoption of judges; he was therefore last of Nephite kings. Among accomplishments was establishment of a permanent system of measures. His once wayward sons (Aaron3, Ammon3, Himni, and Omner) converted and become influential missionaries (c. 154-91 BC).[198]
  • Mulek, purported to be last son of Jewish king Zedekiah1. After death of brothers,[199] escaped Jerusalem and was brought across the sea to new land with group of people known variously as people of Zarahemla,[200] seed of Zedekiah1,[201] people of Mulek,[202] and colloquially, as the Mulekites. Ancestor of Zarahemla, and namesake of Nephite land to the north, and eastern shore city south of Bountiful (c. 597 BC).[203]
  • Muloki (/ˈmjuːləkaɪ/),[204] Nephite missionary, companion of Aaron3 and Ammah, imprisoned in Middoni, rescued by Ammon3.[22]

N

[edit]
  • Nehor, Nephite apostate, religious theorist, antichrist. Proclaimed against Church, contended with Gideon, grew angry and slew Gideon, condemned by Alma2 for murder and for introducing priestcraft. Executed and died "ignominious" death (c. 91 BC).[205] Namesake of the Order of Nehors (an indigenous religion, originating from but separate to the Nephite religion).[206]
  • Nephi1, prophet, founder and king of eponymous Nephite civilization, fourth son of Lehi1. Favored of God, kept own record, abridged father's record. Left Jerusalem, commanded to recover brass plates, smitten by brothers but protected by angel. After failed attempt to purchase plates, encountered drunken Laban, slew him, obtained plates, persuaded Zoram1 to join him, returned again for Ishmael2 and family. Saw father's dream and vision of future promised land and ministry of Christ. Forbidden to write some parts. When hunting bow broke, used Liahona to obtain food. Commanded to build ship, crossed ocean, quoted Isaiah1, contended with and separated from brothers, passed plates to brother Jacob2 before death (c. 600 BC).[207]
  • Nephi2, influential Nephite missionary, seventh Nephite chief judge, son of Helaman3 and brother of Lehi4. Resigned as judge to preach, converted 8,000 Lamanites. Imprisoned with brother, protected by angels, prison walls shaken, encircled with fire, converted larger number of Lamanites. Sorrowed over rise of Gadianton band, taught multitude from garden tower, revealed secret murderer of judge Seezoram, praised by voice from heaven, conveyed away from persecutors, invoked famine, baptized converts of Samuel2, continued working miracles, disappeared (c. 45 BC).[208]
  • Nephi3, known as Nephi the Disciple, eldest son of Nephi2. Given charge of plates, prayed over wickedness of people, heard voice of Lord, learned of Christ's imminent birth. Saw night without darkness and new star. Baptized many, visited by angels, cast out devils, raised brother Timothy from the dead.[209] At appearance of resurrected Christ, first called of the twelve.[210], [128] Baptized other disciples, commanded to bring records.[211] Taught multitude, prayed, encircled by fire, among either nine taken up into the heavens or three allowed to remain (c. AD 34).[129]
  • Nephi4, first keeper of record documenting miracles and peace that prevailed for two centuries after visit by Christ. Son of Nephi3, father of Amos2. Passed record to son before death.[212]
  • Nephihah (/niːˈfaɪhɑː/),[213] second Nephite chief judge (c. 83-67 BC). Succeeded Alma2 the Younger when Alma2 had surrendered judgment seat to him to devote more time to missionary work.[214] Son Pahoran1 inherited judgment seat after his death.[215]
  • Neum (/ˈniːəm/),[216] Hebrew prophet, quoted by Nephi1, who prophesied Christ's crucifixion. By metaphor, the Biblical prophet Nahum's foretelling of the destruction of Nineveh (c. 612 BC) may be that same prophecy referenced by Nephi1.[217]
  • Nimrah (/ˈnɪmrɑː/),[218] Jaredite son of Akish, maternal grandson of Jared3. Angry that his father had starved his brother, fled with a small band to great-grandfather Omer. Later joined by his other brothers and restored kingdom to Omer.[219]
  • Nimrod1, great biblical hunter[220] after whom a Mesopotamian valley was purportedly named.[221]
  • Nimrod2, early Jaredite king who turned over the kingdom to Shule and received great favors in return. Son of Corihor2 and grandson of Noah2.[222]
  • Noah2, unrighteous early Jaredite king, son of Corihor1. Rebelled against his father, battled Shule, obtained part of the kingdom including the land of first inheritance and Moron, slain by sons of Shule. Father of Cohor2.[223]
  • Noah3, an iniquitous Nephite king, son of Zeniff and father of Limhi. Heavily taxed his people, ordered Abinadi slain, and accused Alma1 of sedition. Life was later spared by Gideon, so fled into the wilderness and commanded followers to desert their wives and children. Burned to death (c. 160 BC).[224]

O

[edit]
  • Omer, righteous middle Jaredite king, son of Shule and father to Emer, Jared3, Esrom, and Coriantumr1. Overthrown by Jared3, spent half of days in captivity, until sons regained kingdom for him. Jared3 and his daughter plotted with Akish to overthrow Omer's kingdom. Warned by God, escaped with family. Later joined by great-grandsons Nimrah and brothers, who restored his kingdom.[225]
  • Omner, third son of Mosiah2, unbeliever who tried to destroy the Church, was converted by an angel, and traveled through Zarahemla with brothers to repair injuries they had done (c. 100-74 BC).[26]
  • Omni, Nephite record keeper and son of Jarom. Fought with sword to preserve his people. Admitted own wickedness and bemoaned wars and bloodshed. Passed record to son Amaron (c. 390 BC).[226]
  • Orihah, first Jaredite king, fourth son of Jared2. Walked humbly, executed righteous judgment. Fathered 31 sons and daughters, including Kib.[227]

P

[edit]
  • Paanchi, Nephite rebel and son of Pahoran1, who contended with brothers Pahoran2 and Pacumeni for judgment seat. Angry when older brother was appointed, caused rebellion. Condemned to death, which lead to assassination of Pahoran2 (c. 52 BC).[228]
  • Pachus (/ˈpeɪkəs/),[229] rebel king of Nephite dissenters in Zarahemla who allied with Ammoron, drove freemen from land, battled with Moroni1 and Pahoran1, and was slain (c. 61 BC).[230]
  • Pacumeni (/peɪˈkjuːmənaɪ/),[231] fifth Nephite chief judge, son of Pahoran1, brother of Pahoran2, and contender for judgment seat. After assassination of brother by Gadianton robber Kishkumen, acquired judgment seat briefly. Lamanite invader Coriantumr3 caught Pacumeni fleeing, killed him at city wall. Helaman3 succeeded as chief judge (c. 52 BC).[232]
  • Pagag (/ˈpeɪɡɑːɡ/),[233] eldest son of the Brother of Jared2, who refused offer to become king.[234]
  • Pahoran1, steadfast third Nephite chief judge, son of Nephihah. Supported by freemen; opposed by high-born king-men. Democratic vote for liberty gave Moroni1 mandate to silence rebel king-men. Corresponded with Moroni1 over inability to defend forces of Helaman2 and news of insurrection that drove him and supporters from land. Joined defenders to put down rebellions and overcome Lamanite forces. Resumed judgment seat. Father of Pahoran2, Paanchi, Pacumeni, and others (c. 68 BC).[235]
  • Pahoran2, fourth Nephite chief judge. Eldest of three sons of Pahoran1 that contended for judgment seat. Murdered by invading Gadianton robber Kishkumen (c. 52 BC).[236]

Q

[edit]
  • Queen1, wife of Lamoni, who mourned when she thought her husband dead, sent for Ammon3, and spoke in tongues at time of her conversion. Revived by Abish .[237]
  • Queen2, mother of Lamoni, who was angry at Aaron3 at collapse of her husband, converted when he rose and ministered.[238]
  • Queen3, widow of King of the Lamanites3 that was slain by Amalickiah. Asked for mercy, fraudulently persuaded the death was inflicted by king's servants, married to Amalickiah who then became king.[239]
  • Queen4, wife of Ammoron who told her of the death of Amalickiah before returning to battle against Nephites (c. 66-61 BC).[240]

R

[edit]
  • Riplakish (/rɪpˈleɪkɪʃ/),[241] Jaredite king, who taxed people, executed those who didn't labor, had sex, and was killed in an uprising. Son of Shez1 and brother of Shez2. After a break in continuity of the kingdom, succeeded by descendant Morianton1.[242]

S

[edit]
  • Sam, third son of Lehi1 and brother to Laman1, Lemuel, Nephi1, Jacob2, and Joseph2. Stood by younger brother Nephi1 when he was repeatedly abused at hands of older brothers, believed his words, accompanied him into wilderness, blessed by their father and caused him to rejoice (c. 600 BC).[243]
  • Samuel1, Hebrew prophet and seer purported by the Book of Mormon to have been one among many who testified of Christ (ca. 1100 BC).[244]
  • Samuel2, prophet to Nephites, also called Samuel the Lamanite. Warned the iniquitous Nephites at Zarahemla from atop the city wall, foretold Christ's imminent birth and ministry, signs of His forthcoming death and resurrection. While believers desired baptism, disbelievers tried to stone him. He fled (c. 6 BC).[245]
  • Sariah, wife of Lehi1, mother of six sons and an unknown number of daughters. Accompanied family from Jerusalem, grieved over sons' apparent disappearance, murmured against Lehi1, rejoiced over sons' return. At elder sons' rebellion, nearly died from grief (c. 600 BC).[246]
  • Seantum (/siˈæntəm/),[247] fratricidal brother of Nephite judge Seezoram. Member of Gadianton band, whose murder of his brother was revealed by Nephi2 through inspiration. Captured by people and tried. Confessed (c. 23 BC).[248]
  • Seezoram (/siːˈzɔːrəm/),[249] brother of Seantum and member of Gadianton band, tenth known Nephite chief judge, eventually succeeded by Lachoneus1. How and when he began his reign as chief judge is not known; his first appearance in the Book of Mormon was when Nephi2, son of Helaman, prophesied his murder by hand of his brother, Seantum (c. 23 BC).[250][251] (Not to be confused with Cezoram, another Nephite chief judge who was assassinated earlier.)
  • Servant of Amalickiah (unnamed), who poisoned Lehonti, and likely same who slew king of the Lamanites3 (c. 72 BC).[252]
  • Servant of Helaman3 (unnamed), spy among robber band who learned of Gadianton robber Kishkumen's plan to murder Helaman3, pretended to lead assailant to judgment seat under cover of night, then stabbed him in heart and ran to expose the plot (c. 50 BC).[253]
  • Servant of Morianton2 (unnamed), woman who — after being beaten by Morianton2 — fled to camp of Moroni1 and told of her former master's plans to escape to the north (c. 72–67 BC).[254]
  • Seth2, late Jaredite, in line of kingly succession, who lived in captivity after his father was killed. Son of Shiblom1, father of Ahah.[255]
  • Shared (/ˈʃeɪrəd/),[256] Jaredite military leader and brother of Gilead, who battled Coriantumr2 and sons for control of kingdom. For three days engaged in combat with Coriantumr2 at battle of Gilgal, severely wounding him but losing own life in the process.[257]
  • Shem2, Nephite commander lost in final battle at Cumorah (c. AD 385).[39]
  • Shemnon (/ˈʃɛmnɒn/),[258] one of twelve Nephite disciples chosen by the resurrected Jesus Christ.[128] Taught multitude, prayed, encircled by fire, among either nine taken up into heavens or three allowed to remain (c. AD 34).[129]
  • Sherem (/ˈʃɛrəm/),[259] an antichrist who used sophistry and flattery to argue against Christ. Discredited by Jacob2, overcome by power of God, confessed own deceit, died (c. fifth century BC).[260] At least one writer argues that Sherem was a son or descendant of Zoram1.[261] Hugh Nibley proposed that "Sherem" means "snub nosed or pug nosed."[262]
  • Shez1 (/ʃɛz/),[263] righteous middle Jaredite king who outlived rebellious namesake son and rebuilt kingdom. Son or descendant of Heth1, father of Riplakish and Shez2.[264]
  • Shez2, rebel son of Shez1, who was killed by a robber. Brother of Riplakish.[265]
  • Shiblom1 (/ˈʃɪbləm/),[266]) (also Shiblon),[267] righteous late Jaredite king and son of Com2, who warred against rebel brother and was slain. Father of Seth2.[268]
  • Shiblom2, Nephite commander lost in final battle at Cumorah (c. AD 385).[39]
  • Shiblon, Nephite missionary & record-keeper, second son of Alma2 (and brother to Helaman2 and Corianton). Accompanied father, sons of Mosiah2, and younger brother on mission to Zoramite dissenters. Blessed by father. Preaching lead to peace. Kept records and passed them to Helaman3 before death (c. 74BC).[269]
  • Shiz, Jaredite military leader and brother of Lib2. Swore to avenge brother's blood, slew women and children, burnt cities, brutalized civilization. Coriantumr2 fought back, exchanged bitter correspondence with Shiz, re-took battlefield, and beheaded him. Their battle lead to the end of Jaredite civilization.[270]
  • Son of Cezoram (unnamed), ninth Nephite judge, murdered on judgment seat, as was his father (c. 26 BC).[271]
  • Shule (/ʃuːl/),[272] righteous early Jaredite king. Born in captivity after brother Corihor1 usurped kingdom from their father Kib. Upon maturity, came to hill Ephraim to molten swords, armed followers, restored kingdom to his father. Eventually became king, executed righteous judgment. Nephew Noah2 rebelled, Shule's sons, including Omer, put down rebellion. Cohor2 rebelled and was also slain.[273]

T

[edit]
  • Teancum, Nephite military leader. Headed army to stop Morianton2 from joining Lamanites. Battled Amalickiah, whom he murdered with javelin in his sleep. Counseled with Moroni1 and others to retake Mulek through decoy. Scattered Lamanite defenders, put prisoners to work building fortifications. Provisioned by Pahoran1 and later by Moroni1. Under cover of night, slew Ammoron but died in aftermath (c. 67 BC).[274]
  • Teomner (/tiˈɒmnər/),[275] Nephite military officer. Participated with Helaman2 and Gid in ambush of Lamanites to retake Manti (c. 63 BC).[276]
  • Timothy, brother of Nephi2, raised from the dead, one of twelve Nephite disciples chosen by the resurrected Jesus Christ.[128] Taught multitude, prayed, encircled by fire, among either nine taken up into the heavens or three allowed to remain (c. AD 34).[129]
  • Tubaloth (/ˈtuːbəlɒθ/),[277] Lamanite king, son of Ammoron, the previous king. Appointed Coriantumr3, a mighty man and Nephite dissenter, to lead his armies (c. 51 BC).[278]

U

[edit]
  • Usurper, late Jaredite king, descendant of the brother of Jared and a "mighty man" of unknown connection to Moron, whom he overthrew, or to Coriantor, whom he kept in captivity.[279]

W

[edit]
  • Wives of Amulon and his brothers (unnamed), daughters of Lamanites who rejected conduct and names of their fathers.[280]
  • Wife1 of Coriantum1 (unnamed), who lived to age 102. She had no children.[281]
  • Wife2 of Coriantum1 (unnamed), who became mother of multiple sons and daughters, including Com1.[282]
  • Wife of Ishmael2 (unnamed), who left Jerusalem with her family (c. 600 BC). Her daughters married sons of Lehi1 and Zoram.[283]
  • Wife of Nephi1 (unnamed), a daughter of Ishmael2, who defended her husband from attack.[284]
  • Wife of Zoram (unnamed), eldest daughter of Ishmael2.[285]

Z

[edit]
  • Zarahemla, leader of Mulek's colony, descendant of Mulek. Discovered by Mosiah1, rejoiced at learning of existence of brass plates containing record of Jews. Learned language of Mosiah1, recited genealogy, provided stone record of Jaredites obtained from Coriantumr2, united with people of Mosiah1 (c. 200 BC).[286]  Ancestor of Ammon2 and Coriantumr3. Zarahemla was namesake of a people, as well as two cities, and a land.[287]
  • Zedekiah1, last king of Judah before destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II (c. 598 BC),[288] frequently mentioned in the Book of Mormon, and there purported to be father of Mulek.[289]
  • Zedekiah2, one of twelve Nephite disciples chosen by the resurrected Jesus Christ.[128] Taught multitude, prayed, encircled by fire, among either nine taken up into the heavens or three allowed to remain (c. AD 34).[129]
  • Zeezrom, Nephite lawyer in Ammonihah. Expert in rhetorical devices, accused Alma2 and Amulek, attempted to bribe Amulek to deny God, caught in own lies. Convinced of God's power, inquired sincerely, astonished at their words. Became sick, healed by Alma2. Converted and baptized, became Nephite missionary (c. 82 BC).[290]
  • Zemnarihah (/zɛmnəˈraɪhɑː/),[291] leader of Gadianton band, successor to Giddianhi. Laid siege to Nephites, hampered by lack of provisions, withdrew to head northward, cut off by Gidgiddoni, captured and hanged  (c. AD 21).[292]
  • Zenephi (/ˈziːnəfaɪ/),[293] military commander who carried off provisions of widows and children, leaving them to die (c. AD 400).[42], [294]
  • Zeniff, father of Noah3, grandfather of Limhi, and righteous leader of expedition of Nephites who left Zarahemla to land of Lehi-Nephi (c. 200 BC). Record comprises Mosiah 9 through 22. Sent to spy among Lamanites, covenanted with King Laman2 to possess land of Lehi-Nephi. Made king, betrayed by Laman2, and drove out Lamanite invaders before dying.[295]
  • Zenock, apocryphal prophet of ancient Israel. Predicted Christ's crucifixion, testified of mercy of God, quoted by Alma2, prophesied destruction at advent of Christ.[296]
  • Zenos, apocryphal prophet of ancient Israel. Foretold three days of darkness at Christ's crucifixion and gathering of Israel, quoted by Jacob2, testified of redemption through Christ, slain for boldness of testimony.[297]
  • Zerahemnah (/zɛrəˈhɛmnə/),[298] Lamanite commander who appointed bitter Amalekites and Zoramites as chief captains to stir up hatred toward Nephites. Army intimidated by Moroni1's arms and departed. Gathered again at Sidon where Moroni1 demanded surrender and oath to cease warring. Handed over weapons but refused oath. Lost scalp in attempt on Moroni1's life. In ensuing battle, relented and took oath (c. 74 BC).[299]
  • Zeram (/ˈziːrəm/),[300] Nephite military officer, one of several spies (including with Amnor, Limher, and Manti) sent to watch camp of the Amlicites (c. 87 BC).[30]
  • Zoram1, servant of Laban who held keys to treasury, and, after learning of death of Laban, accompanied family of Lehi1 into the wilderness. There he married eldest daughter of Ishmael2, became follower and true friend of Nephi1. Ammoron one of his descendants (c. 600 BC).[301]
  • Zoram2, chief captain over Nephite armies, father of Lehi2 and Aha. Sought prophetic advice from Alma2 to track captured people. Scattered Lamanites at river Sidon, reclaimed captives (c. 81 BC).[302]
  • Zoram3, an antichrist. Leader of apostate sect of Nephites, the Zoramites, who trampled Korihor to death. Instigated idol worship, to the dismay of Alma2 (c. 74 BC).[303]

See also

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References

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List of Book of Mormon people

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The list of Book of Mormon people enumerates the approximately 337 named individuals and related groups referenced in the Book of Mormon, a scriptural text translated by Joseph Smith and published in 1830 as a foundational element of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The narrative spans purported events from roughly 2200 BC to AD 421, focusing on migrations from the ancient Near East to the Americas, divine revelations, prophetic ministries, and large-scale conflicts among descendant peoples divided into groups like Nephites and Lamanites. Prominent figures include the prophet Lehi, who leads his family from Jerusalem; his son Nephi, a key record-keeper and builder of a ship; military commanders such as Captain Moroni; and compilers like Mormon and his son Moroni, after whom the text and modern adherents are named. Adherents view these accounts as authentic history testifying of Jesus Christ, akin to biblical records of God's interactions with ancient populations. In contrast, empirical scrutiny reveals no archaeological, genetic, or linguistic corroboration for the civilizations, animals, crops, or metallurgy described—such as horses, steel swords, or wheat in pre-Columbian Americas—prompting secular consensus that the Book of Mormon reflects 19th-century composition rather than ancient provenance.

Overview

Narrative and Chronological Context

The presents a narrative history of ancient peoples in the spanning approximately 2,000 years, beginning with the , who departed the region of the and traversed the ocean in sealed barges to reach their around 2200 B.C. This civilization, chronicled in the , experienced cycles of prosperity under righteous kings and prophets, followed by moral decline and internal strife, culminating in near-total annihilation through civil wars by about 600 B.C., with only the prophet and the king Coriantumr surviving as witnesses to the destruction. Overlapping with the ' final decline, additional migrations occurred around 600 B.C., when the prophet Lehi led his family from to the , where his descendants divided into the —generally depicted as covenant-keeping—and the , marked by persistent antagonism toward Nephite faith and society. Concurrently, the Mulekites, led by Mulek (a purported son of King of Judah), arrived following 's fall in 586 B.C., eventually merging with Nephite society. The core Nephite record, abridged primarily by Mormon, covers roughly 1,000 years from 600 B.C. to A.D. 421, detailing phases of prophetic guidance, kingship transitioning to judges around 92 B.C., extensive wars, and societal reforms under figures like King Mosiah and . A central event in the chronology is the appearance of the resurrected Christ to remnants around A.D. 34, amid cataclysmic natural upheavals coinciding with his , ushering in nearly two centuries of peace, communal living, and doctrinal purity before renewed divisions and Lamanite conquests. The narrative arc ends with the ' military defeat and extermination near the hill in A.D. 385, after which Mormon abridged the records and his son Moroni added final exhortations and buried the plates around A.D. 421, preserving accounts of these peoples' rise, fall, and spiritual lessons.

Theological and Doctrinal Significance

In the theology of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, figures from the Book of Mormon serve as exemplars of prophetic revelation and moral instruction, illustrating doctrines central to the faith's understanding of God's plan for humanity. Prophets such as Nephi and Alma are depicted as receiving divine visions and commandments that affirm Jesus Christ as the Redeemer, with narratives emphasizing themes of faith, obedience, and covenant-making long before Christ's mortal ministry. For instance, Nephi's vision in 1 Nephi 11–14 prophesies Christ's birth, atonement, and resurrection, reinforcing the LDS doctrine that ancient American prophets testified of the Savior's role in salvation. These accounts are presented as complementary to biblical scripture, providing "plain and precious" truths about the Atonement and resurrection that adherents believe were lost from the Bible. Leaders like King Benjamin and exemplify doctrinal principles of humility, service, and defense of righteousness, with Benjamin's address in Mosiah 2–5 teaching that all are unprofitable servants dependent on Christ's grace, a concept echoed in LDS teachings on justification by after personal effort. Alma the Younger's conversion narrative in Alma 36 highlights and the transformative power of Christ's redemption, serving as a doctrinal archetype for personal spiritual rebirth within Mormon . Such figures underscore the belief in and the , as their stories portray God's dealings with dispersed covenant peoples, aligning with the LDS view of the as a tool for modern conversion and covenant renewal. Jaredite figures, including the brother of Jared, demonstrate doctrines of faith leading to direct encounters with the divine, as in Ether 3 where his vision of Christ's premortal spirit body informs LDS teachings on the corporeal nature of Godhead members. Collectively, these individuals reinforce the keystone role of the Book of Mormon in bearing witness to Christ's divinity and the necessity of his atonement for exaltation, doctrines that LDS sources claim clarify biblical ambiguities. However, external scholarly analyses, often from non-LDS perspectives, note the absence of corroborating archaeological or genetic evidence for these figures' historicity, attributing their doctrinal function to 19th-century theological innovation rather than ancient record. This tension highlights how the figures' significance remains primarily within faith-based interpretation, where their narratives are valued for edifying believers despite lacking empirical verification outside the text's claims.

Categorization by Role and Era

Prophets and Spiritual Leaders

Prophets and spiritual leaders in the narrative are depicted as divinely called individuals who receive visions, deliver prophecies, teach doctrines of and in Christ, and maintain sacred on metal plates. These figures guide their peoples through periods of and , often enduring opposition while emphasizing covenants, moral accountability, and impending judgments. Their roles extend across the Jaredite era (circa 2200 B.C. to 300 B.C.) and the Nephite-Lamanite era (circa 600 B.C. to A.D. 421), with abridged by later prophets like Mormon. The following table enumerates major prophets and spiritual leaders chronologically, focusing on their primary contributions as described in the text:
NameEra/AffiliationKey Contributions
Brother of Jared (Mahonri Moriancumr)Jaredite (circa 2200 B.C.)Led Jaredites to the Americas; received visions of Jesus Christ pre-mortality; barges guided by divine light.
EtherJaredite (circa 600–300 B.C.)Final Jaredite prophet; prophesied kingdom's destruction due to secret combinations; hid to observe fulfillment.
LehiNephite (circa 600 B.C.)Warned of Jerusalem's fall; family exodus to Americas; Tree of Life vision symbolizing God's love and salvation path.
Nephi (son of Lehi)Nephite (circa 600–544 B.C.)Obtained brass plates containing scriptures; built ship; recorded visions and Isaiah prophecies; established spiritual leadership.
Jacob (brother of Nephi)Nephite (circa 544–421 B.C.)Nephi's successor; taught allegory of olive trees representing God's covenant people; warned against pride and unchastity.
Enos (son of Jacob)Nephite (circa 420 B.C.)Wrestled in prayer for personal remission of sins and Nephite/Lamanite welfare; preserved records emphasizing atonement.
AbinadiNephite (circa 150 B.C.)Confronted King Noah's court; prophesied Mosiah's rise and Christ's atonement; martyred by fire, influencing Alma's conversion.
Alma the ElderNephite (circa 148–91 B.C.)Converted by Abinadi's words; baptized at Waters of Mormon; established church congregation fleeing persecution.
Alma the YoungerNephite (circa 100–73 B.C.)Initial rebel converted via angelic rebuke; became high priest and missionary; disestablished judgeship for spiritual reform.
Helaman (son of Alma)Nephite (circa 74–53 B.C.)Led church amid wars; received records from Alma; associated with 2,000 stripling warriors' faith-driven victories.
Nephi (son of Helaman)Nephite (circa 50 B.C.–A.D. 1)Prayed for signs fulfilling prophecies; revealed chief judge's murder; emphasized miracles through faith.
Samuel the LamaniteLamanite (circa 6 B.C.)Prophesied Christ's birth/death signs from city wall; unerring arrows amid hostility; foretold Nephite destruction.
Nephi (son of Nephi)Nephite (circa A.D. 30–100)Witnessed Christ's post-resurrection ministry; ordained disciple; taught multitudes, establishing church order.
MormonNephite (circa A.D. 311–385)Military commander at age 15; abridged Nephite records into the Book of Mormon; lamented societal decay.
MoroniNephite (circa A.D. 385–421)Completed father's abridgment; added teachings on faith, hope, charity; hid records for future revelation.
Additional spiritual leaders, such as high priests and record-keepers like Jarom, Omni, and Zeniff, maintained continuity but with less detailed prophetic ministries recorded. Quoted prophets like Zenos and provided allegories and testimonies preserved on brass plates.

Rulers, Kings, and Judges

The , as described in the , transitioned from a monarchical system to a republican judiciary beginning around 91 BC under King Mosiah II, who proposed replacing kingship with elected judges to prevent corruption and tyranny. Hereditary kings ruled the from their founding circa 590 BC until this shift, with leadership typically passing to sons or close descendants of ; however, the text provides names for only a subset of these rulers, spanning roughly 500 years, while omitting details for many interim figures due to abridgment by the prophet-historian Mormon. Notable Nephite kings include Nephi (c. 590–544 BC), the first ruler after the group's exodus from and separation from the Lamanites, who established laws and fortifications; Mosiah I (c. 130 BC), who led a migration northward, discovered the Mulekite under , and merged the groups under Nephite governance; his son Benjamin (c. 130–121 BC), renowned for a unifying and battle against Lamanite invaders; and Mosiah II (c. 124–91 BC), who translated Jaredite records, promoted religious reforms, and enacted the judges system after interpreting omens against hereditary rule. A parallel line of self-proclaimed Nephite kings emerged during Zeniff's expedition to reclaim the land of Nephi around 200 BC: Zeniff, who negotiated peace but later faced Lamanite wars; his wicked son (c. 160–150 BC), who imposed heavy taxes, promoted , and was executed by his own ; and Noah's son Limhi (c. 150–121 BC), who sought through prophets but ultimately led his to join the main Nephite body. Lamanite governance retained monarchies throughout the narrative, often featuring hierarchical or regional rather than a unified , with prone to intrigue, assassinations, and wars of succession. Specific named or described Lamanite rulers include the unnamed of the land of Lehi-Nephi (c. 200–160 BC), contemporary to Zeniff and noted for deceitful treaties; an unnamed successor who hosted Limhi's people in bondage; and the " over all the Lamanites" (c. 90 BC), father of Lamoni, who initially opposed Nephite missionaries but underwent a dramatic conversion after a multi-day , leading to widespread religious shifts among his subjects. Other Lamanite , such as regional overlords during Amulon and Amulonite exiles or later dissenters like Ammoron (c. 64 BC), who coordinated invasions as a , illustrate a system emphasizing personal loyalty and conquest over institutional continuity. The Nephite reign of judges, instituted in and extending to affiliated lands, vested authority in a chief appointed by voice of the people or predecessor, combining legislative, judicial, and command-in-chief roles, with lower judges handling local disputes. This era, lasting approximately 120 years until disrupted by around , emphasized accountability, as chief judges could be tried for misconduct. The sequence of chief judges is detailed as follows:
Chief JudgeApproximate TenureKey Events and Outcome
Alma the Younger91–83 BCAppointed by Mosiah II; resigned to preach full-time after ; father of subsequent leaders.
Nephihah83–68 BCAppointed by Alma; maintained stability amid wars; succeeded by son.
Pahoran I68–52 BCFaced internal "king-men" rebellion favoring monarchy; assassinated by Kishkumen after seeking military aid from Moroni.
Pacumeni52–51 BCInterim judge; killed by Lamanite king during invasion led by Coriantumr.
Pahoran IIc. 52–30 BCSon of Pahoran I; defended against king-men in trial; tenure marked by civil strife and Lamanite threats.
Subsequent judges like Seezoram and Lachoneus faced escalating and invasions, culminating in the system's collapse into tribal kingships post-30 BC, though briefly restored under righteous leaders after Christ's reported visit circa 34 AD. No equivalent judiciary is described for , who continued monarchical rule.

Military Figures and Warriors

Captain Moroni served as the chief captain of the Nephite armies, appointed around 74 B.C. following the death of previous leaders. He orchestrated defensive strategies against Lamanite incursions, including the use of embankments, ditches, and protective armor such as breastplates and shields to minimize casualties. Moroni rallied Nephite dissenters by raising the "title of liberty," a banner inscribed with principles of freedom and covenant-keeping, which symbolized resistance to tyranny and internal rebellion. His campaigns defeated Lamanite commander Zerahemnah at the and reclaimed Nephite cities through coordinated assaults with allies like Teancum and Lehi. Teancum, a Nephite under Moroni, excelled in guerrilla tactics and bold strikes during the wars circa 72–56 B.C. He repelled Lamanite forces at the western borders and assassinated the usurper king Amalickiah by throwing a javelin into his heart while the enemy camped near the coast, disrupting Lamanite morale and leadership. Later, Teancum attempted a similar covert killing of Ammoron, Amalickiah's brother, but was detected and slain by Ammoron's guards, marking the end of his service noted for its effectiveness in preserving Nephite liberties despite personal risks. Helaman, son of the prophet Alma the Younger, commanded a force of 2,000 young Ammonite recruits known as the stripling warriors around 66–64 B.C. These inexperienced but devout fighters, whose parents had covenanted never to take up arms again, volunteered to defend the after aggressions threatened Ammonihah. Under Helaman's leadership, they exhibited extraordinary faith, reciting their mothers' assurances of divine protection—"Our God is able to deliver us from the hands of the "—and sustained no fatalities in multiple battles despite severe wounds, attributing their preservation to obedience and trust in God. Helaman integrated them into broader strategies, contributing to victories that encircled and starved armies into surrender. Other notable warriors include Lehi, a captain who coordinated with Moroni to trap Lamanites at Mulek, employing feigned retreats and surprise maneuvers. Moronihah, Moroni's son, succeeded as chief captain and maintained defenses against resurgent threats. Later, Mormon himself, as editor of the record, led armies in the final Nephite collapse around A.D. 385, though overwhelmed by superior numbers. These figures are depicted as exemplars of strategic acumen fused with religious conviction, contrasting with Lamanite leaders like Zerahemnah and Amalickiah, whose motivations centered on conquest and vengeance.

Jaredite-Specific Figures

The Jaredites represent an ancient people group detailed exclusively in the , originating from Jared's family during the era of the and establishing a kingdom in the that endured for roughly two millennia before self-destruction through warfare and moral decline. Figures unique to this narrative include patriarchs, monarchs, prophets, and combatants whose actions drove cycles of prosperity, rebellion, captivity, and annihilation, as abridged from 24 gold plates discovered by Limhi's people. Jared, the founding leader, petitioned the Lord through his brother to avert the confusion of languages, securing divine guidance for his household's exodus across the ocean in eight barges, arriving with preserved language and resources. His sons included Jacom, Gilgah, Mahihah, and Orihah, alongside numerous daughters whose posterity multiplied rapidly. The , Jared's faithful sibling and initial prophet, engineered watertight vessels per revelation, then obtained light by presenting stones for the Lord to touch, granting him a visionary encounter with Christ and instruction to seal the record of the vision for future . Orihah, Jared's fourth son, was consecrated as the inaugural , reigning justly and establishing monarchical succession amid early expansions. Kib, his son, ruled until captured by rebellious brother Corihor, who usurped power but was later slain by Shule, Kib's son, restoring righteous governance that protected prophets. Omer, Shule's son, endured attempts and by son Jared (a different Jared), but reclaimed the throne after divine warnings; his descendants included slain heirs Levi and Kish. Shez rose post-captivity as a reformer, fathering tyrannical Riplakish, whose oppressive taxation and excesses prompted flight and replacement by Morianton, a nephew who expanded territories before defeat. Later kings in Ether's prophetic lineage included Kim, Corom, Kish, Lib (who repelled invaders), Hearthom (captive for decades), Heth (who ignored prophets leading to famine), , Amnigaddah, Coriantum (reigned 42 years, lived 142), Com, and Shiblom, whose infancy marked prophetic fulfillments amid withheld judgments. Seth, Ahah, Ethem, and Moron followed in escalating wickedness, with Moron dethroned by usurper Coriantumr (distinct from earlier), who lost then regained half the kingdom. Ether, the final prophet and namesake of the record, descended from Coriantor and prophesied inevitable extinction unless repentance occurred, surviving in secrecy to chronicle the wars while warning Coriantumr, the last monarch, whose reign saw 32 million deaths in civil strife involving rivals Shared, , and Shiz. Akish, emblematic of intrigue, beheaded Omer's sons via daughter-induced oaths, inaugurating secret combinations that precipitated .

Other Groups and Minor Figures

The describes several subgroups emerging from dissent, conversion, or alliance within the primary Nephite and Lamanite populations, often distinguished by their religious or political affiliations rather than central leadership roles. These include the Amlicites, who originated as Nephite apostates under Amlici around 87 BC, rejecting the judgeship system and forming a rival faction that allied with , identifiable by red markings on their foreheads as a symbol of covenant. Similarly, the Amalekites represented a later wave of Nephite dissenters, establishing synagogues for idolatrous worship and joining Lamanite forces in wars circa 90–74 BC, with their city serving as a persistent base for anti-Nephite agitation. Other notable groups encompass the Zoramites, a Nephite splinter faction led by Zoram around 74 BC, known for prideful rituals like the Rameumptom and subsequent expulsion, leading to Lamanite alliances or scattered migrations. The Ammonites, or Anti-Nephi-Lehies, formed from Lamanite converts under Ammon's influence circa 90 BC, covenanting after mass and burying weapons, later relocating under Nephite protection as a distinct community emphasizing humility and covenant-keeping. Additional minor collectives include the people of Ammonihah, a Nephite city whose inhabitants largely rejected Alma's preaching around 82 BC, resulting in societal destruction via famine and invasion, and the order of Nehors, an ideological movement promoting priestcraft and universal salvation without works, influencing multiple groups from circa 100–50 BC. Minor figures in the narrative often appear in supporting roles, providing brief insights into broader societal dynamics without dominating events. Abish, a Lamanite servant girl circa 90 BC, recognized divine manifestations during Ammon's mission and facilitated conversions among her people despite opposition from her father, an anti-Nephite instigator. Helam, one of the first converts baptized by Alma the Elder around 148 BC in the waters of Mormon, exemplified early Nephite dissent from King Noah's corrupt court, forming a foundational of believers. Aminadi, a Nephite interpreter circa 50 BC, discerned writing on a wall akin to Daniel's experience, affirming divine warnings against secret combinations. Other briefly named individuals include the unnamed "stripling warriors'" mothers, commended for inspiring their sons' miraculous preservation in battle circa 66 BC, and isolated converts like the lone Amalekite who affirmed Alma's teachings on Christ's amid opposition. These figures and groups underscore recurring themes of division and reconciliation, as detailed in the text's accounts of societal fragmentation.

Alphabetical Directory

Notation and Inclusion Criteria

Individuals explicitly named in the —a text published in and regarded by members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as an abridged record of ancient American peoples from approximately 2200 BC to AD 421—are included in this directory. Inclusion requires direct reference by a proper name (personal, familial, or titular) within the narrative, excluding unnamed collectives, hypothetical figures from prophecies, or interpretations from external commentaries unless corroborated by the primary text. This criterion yields over 300 named individuals across Nephite, Lamanite, Jaredite, and Mulekite lineages, as cataloged in scriptural indices. Entries follow a standardized notation: the name appears in bold, succeeded by a concise description of the figure's role, era, and key actions or relations, with inline citations to precise book, chapter, and verse (e.g., Alma 2:16). Cross-references denote familial or alternate identifiers (e.g., "son of" or royal titles), and entries distinguish between primary narrative appearances and incidental mentions. Ambiguous or disputed identifications, such as potential overlaps between similarly named figures across generations, are flagged with textual evidence rather than doctrinal assumption. Exclusion applies to figures solely from Smith's 1830 preface, footnotes, or later editions' headings, as these are editorial rather than integral to the translated record. The directory prioritizes the 1981 edition's standardized , noting significant variants from the original 1830 printing where they affect identification (e.g., "Paanchi" vs. scribal errors). Scholarly analyses of name etymologies or archaeological correlations are omitted, as inclusion rests on textual attestation alone, independent of external validation debates.

A

Aaron: The second son of King Mosiah II, Aaron accompanied his brothers on a mission to preach to the Lamanites, experiencing captivity, miracles, and conversions among the people of Ammon. Abinadi: A bold prophet dispatched to warn King Noah and his priests of impending destruction due to their wickedness; he taught doctrines of redemption and the coming of Christ before being executed by fire. Abish: A Lamanite servant to the queen and a long-time believer in God, she gathered people after King Lamoni and his queen were overcome by the Spirit during Ammon's ministry, facilitating widespread conversions. Alma the Elder: Converted through Abinadi's while among Noah's priests, he fled to establish the church of God at the waters of Mormon, baptizing many including his son, and later led believers to . Alma the Younger: Initially a leader among dissenters persecuting the church, struck down by an angel, he repented dramatically, became over the church, served as chief judge, and resigned to focus on labors and record-keeping. Amalickiah: A cunning Nephite dissenter who sought power, defected to the , assassinated their king through deception, and led aggressive wars against the until slain by Teancum. Amaleki: Descendant of Manasseh through Zarahemla, he chronicled the Mulekite history, described finding Coriantumr and the Jaredite records, and urged integration with the Nephites under King Benjamin. Amaron: Son of Omni and a record abridger during a time when the more wicked Nephites were destroyed by God for abominations, leaving the righteous to prosper temporarily. Aminadi: An ancestor of Amulek noted for interpreting mysterious writing on the wall of a prison, demonstrating divine revelation akin to biblical precedents. Ammaron: Keeper of sacred records in the late Nephite era, he instructed the young Mormon to retrieve them at age 24 and later hid them to safeguard against Lamanite capture. Amulek: A prosperous Nephite called by to host Alma the Younger, he abandoned his possessions to join in preaching repentance to the resistant people of Ammonihah, enduring imprisonment and witnessing the city's destruction.

B

Benjamin was a Nephite who ruled over the united and Mulekites following the reign of his father, Mosiah. According to the , he labored with his own hands to avoid burdening his people with taxes and led military efforts against Lamanite incursions, ultimately securing peace. He is best known for his final address delivered from a tower near the temple in , where he taught doctrines of humility, service, redemption through Christ, and the covenant of becoming "," as recorded in Mosiah 2–6. Upon concluding his reign around 124–91 BCE by traditional Nephite chronology, Benjamin conferred the kingdom on his son Mosiah II and emphasized the people's voluntary acceptance of records and relics, including the Liahona and interpreters. No other named individuals beginning with "B" appear as distinct figures in the text.

C

Chemish was a Nephite record-keeper and the son of Omni who abridged the of Nephi, contributing a brief entry in which he testified of the sacred records and lamented the people's rejection of prophets despite numerous miracles. Corianton was the youngest son of Alma the Younger and a missionary to the Zoramites around 74 BC, where he committed fornication with the harlot , prompting extensive counsel from his father on , , , and the plan of redemption in Alma 39–42; he subsequently repented and participated in further efforts. Coriantor was a Jaredite king and the father of Shared, reigning during a period of captivity and warfare among the as recorded in 13:2. Coriantum refers to multiple Jaredite figures, including one who was the son of Amnigaddah and father of Com, reigning circa 1300–1250 BC after the ' arrival in the ( 7:5), and another who was a son or descendant in the royal line amid cycles of and . Coriantumr designates distinct individuals in the narrative: the Jaredite, last survivor of his people after genocidal wars, who lived briefly among the Mulekites after inscribing a record on stone (Omni 1:20–22; 13–15); and a Lamanite military leader circa 50 BC who invaded , killed the chief judge Pahoran, but was himself slain by the Nephite defender Ceoranton.

D

No named individuals unique to the Book of Mormon narrative have names beginning with the letter D. The biblical king David is referenced once in Jacob 2:23–24, where Jacob condemns polygamy by noting that David and Solomon "did this thing" of taking multiple wives and concubines, which was an abomination unless commanded by God otherwise. An unnamed daughter of Jared, a Jaredite woman and daughter of the usurper Jared (son of Omer), features prominently in Ether 8:8–17. Described as "exceedingly expert," she danced seductively before the unnamed son of Omer (her grandfather's rival for the throne) to secure his promise of a reward, then requested the head of her grandfather's enemy, prompting the oath of secret combinations via the record of Akish's ancient covenant. Her actions facilitated Jared's brief seizure of power and initiated a cycle of intrigue and destruction among the Jaredites.

E

Enos Enos, son of the prophet , was a Nephite who documented his spiritual wrestlings and divine encounters in the Book of Enos. While hunting, he reflected on his father's teachings and prayed with intense fervor for personal , receiving assurance from the that his sins were forgiven due to in Christ. He subsequently interceded for the ' preservation, the ' eventual conversion, and the safeguarding of sacred against destruction. Enos prophesied of the records' role in bringing the to knowledge of their Redeemer and concluded his account with hope for redemption at judgment. Ether Ether served as the final prophet among the , prophesying during the reign of King Coriantumr amid widespread societal decline. Unable to be restrained, he warned of impending destruction unless the people repented, but faced rejection and persecution, leading him to hide in a cave while continuing to observe and record events. His ministry emphasized , , and charity as essential for , and he documented Jaredite history, , and prophecies, which Moroni later abridged into the . Ether witnessed the near-total annihilation of his people due to unrepentant wickedness and secret combinations.

G

Gadianton was a Nephite dissenter who, around 50 B.C., formed a secret band of oath-bound assassins and robbers, drawing followers through promises of power and plunder; this group infiltrated Nephite government and persisted as a threat for centuries. Gid served as a Nephite military officer circa 64–62 B.C., appointed by Teancum to guard Lamanite prisoners; he reported to Helaman on a successful surprise attack that freed imprisoned Nephites and captured enemy provisions. Gideon was a faithful Nephite who, during King Noah's reign circa 150 B.C., rebuked the king for and , escaping initial capture but later assassinating a guard during flight; decades afterward, around 90 B.C., as a he confronted Nehor's priestcraft teachings before being murdered by Nehor in . Giddianhi succeeded as chief of the circa A.D. 16–19, sending an to Nephite Lachoneus demanding surrender of lands and liberty under robber rule, citing supposed divine sanction; he was slain in battle against Nephite forces led by Gidgiddoni. Gidgiddoni acted as both and chief captain of Nephite armies circa A.D. 18–22, appointed by Lachoneus to defend against Gadianton robber incursions; he rejected retreats or covenants with robbers, emphasizing reliance on , and orchestrated strategies that fortified cities and ultimately routed the enemy through offensive campaigns, resulting in thousands of robber deaths.

H

Hagoth was a Nephite shipbuilder in the narrative of the . According to Alma 63:5–8, around 55 B.C., Hagoth constructed multiple ships at the western seashore near the land Bountiful, loading them with provisions and emigrants who sailed northward, with one ship departing in the thirty-ninth year of the reign of the judges and others following, after which Hagoth himself sailed away and was never heard from again. These voyages are depicted as part of a pattern of large-scale migrations by sea among the during a period of relative peace. Helaman refers to two distinct figures in the Book of Mormon account, both prophets and leaders among the Nephites. Helaman, son of Alma the Younger, served as a military commander and religious leader circa 74–53 B.C. In Alma 45–62, he receives records from his father, leads the Nephite army against Lamanite incursions, including the defense involving the 2,000 stripling warriors (later 2,060) who remained faithful without fatalities due to their mothers' covenants of protection, and oversees the imprisonment of Nephite dissenters. He is credited with maintaining Nephite resilience through faith amid wars initiated by Amalickiah's followers. Helaman, son of the previous Helaman and grandson of Alma the Younger, is a prophet around 31 B.C. who receives the sacred records and preaches in Helaman 1–3, succeeding his father in preserving the and prophesying of future events including Christ's coming. Heth was a in the narrative, ruling during a period of severe famine and . Ether 9:25–35 describes Heth as ascending to power after his father Hozimah, implementing oppressive taxation that contributed to secret combinations and withheld rain, leading to widespread where inhabitants resorted to eating "the flesh of their own sons and daughters" until Heth and survivors , prompting divine restoration of rains and crops. His reign exemplifies the Jaredite cycle of prosperity, wickedness, and destruction. Himni was one of the four sons of King Mosiah II in the Nephite account, known primarily for his conversion alongside his brothers Ammon, Aaron, and Omner around 100–92 B.C. Mosiah 27:34 notes Himni's inclusion in the missionary efforts following their dramatic repentance and angelic visitation, though he receives less detailed mention compared to Ammon's exploits among the . The brothers collectively forsook the throne to preach, influencing thousands to faith.

I

Ishmael was an inhabitant of Jerusalem contemporary with the prophet Lehi circa 600 B.C., as described in the . Lehi's sons—Laman, Lemuel, Sam, and Nephi—were directed by to retrieve and his household from to accompany Lehi's family into the wilderness, ensuring the continuation of Lehi's lineage through marriages between Ishmael's daughters and Lehi's sons. Ishmael consented to join , and his family traveled with Lehi's group, though internal conflicts arose among the party during the journey. Ishmael is noted as having at least two sons and five daughters, with the daughters marrying Lehi's sons to fulfill divine promises regarding posterity. One of his daughters is highlighted for defending Nephi against mistreatment by Laman and Lemuel's faction, demonstrating loyalty amid familial strife. Later, during the wilderness trek near the place called Nahom, Ishmael died from unspecified causes, and his body was buried there by his grieving daughters and Lehi's party, who mourned deeply. This event marked a significant point of sorrow in the narrative, contrasting with prior divine protections during the journey. No further details on Ishmael's background, such as tribal affiliation or prior relations with Lehi beyond friendship, are provided in the text.

J

Jacob was the fourth son of Lehi and Sariah, born during their journey in the wilderness after departing around 600 BC. As a prophet and among the , he received sacred from his brother Nephi and maintained the , which contain teachings on , , and the coming of Christ; his writings emphasize the allegory of the olive tree and warn against pride and immorality. Jacob lived approximately from 590 BC to around 421 BC, establishing a congregation in the land of Nephi and consecrating his brother as a . Jacom was the eldest son of Jared, the progenitor of the Jaredites, who led a group from the Tower of Babel to the Americas around 2200 BC according to the text's chronology. He is mentioned alongside his brothers Gilgah, Mahah, and Orihah as arriving safely after an ocean voyage in divinely provided barges, with the group described as walking humbly before God upon landing. Jared was the leader of a family group that departed the Old World near the time of the Tower of Babel's confusion, around 2243 BC per internal dating, guided by divine revelation to the Americas via eight barges. His brother, referred to as the brother of Jared, sought and received visions from the Lord, including the touching of stones for light and a personal theophany; Jared's sons included Jacom, and his descendants formed the Jaredite nation, which later self-destructed through wickedness by around 600 BC. Jarom was the son of Enos and grandson of , living among the from approximately 460 BC to 361 BC; he authored a brief record in the , noting wars with , prosperity through obedience to law, and the ' retention of prophetic gifts despite limited space for details. Jeneum was a military commander who led 10,000 soldiers in the final battles against the at around AD 385, where he and his forces were reported as having fallen.

K

Kib was an early Jaredite ruler described in the Book of Ether as the son of Orihah and a righteous who led his people in prosperity before his son Corihor rebelled against him. Kim succeeded his father Morianton as a Jaredite but was soon overthrown by his uncle , marking a period of internal strife among the . Kimnor, son of Kim, briefly held the Jaredite throne before being killed by his brother Shiblom during a time of famine and divine judgment on the for their wickedness. Kish, a descendant of in the Jaredite genealogy, served as father to Lib and is noted in the lineage leading to later Jaredite kings, with the name appearing in contexts linking to ancient Near Eastern attestations. Kishkumen founded a secret band of assassins among the around 50 B.C., murdering Pahoran II to seize control of the government; his group later evolved into the , persisting as a threat through intrigue and . Korihor, an anti-Christ figure active around 74 B.C., preached against , , and the existence of a divine creator, claiming signs of prosperity disproved God; after challenging Alma the Younger, he was struck dumb by divine power, reduced to , and ultimately trampled to death by the Zoramites. Kumen, a minor Lamanite figure mentioned in connection with military actions against the during the judgeship period. Kumenonhi, father of Coriantumr, served as a Lamanite military leader who supported the king-men faction in Nephite politics around 52 B.C., contributing to civil unrest.

L

Laban was a custodian in who possessed the brass plates, a record containing the five books of , prophecies, and the genealogy of Lehi's family, around 600 BC. According to the narrative, Nephi and his brothers sought the plates from Laban multiple times without success; after prayer, Nephi was instructed to slay Laban, which he did, enabling the family to obtain the sacred records essential for preserving their religious heritage during their exodus. Lachoneus served as the eleventh chief judge of the Nephites circa AD 1, noted for his leadership in organizing defenses against Giddianhi's and later against the invading Lamanite armies under Giddianum. His strategic preparations, including gathering people into fortified centers and implementing strict commandments, contributed to repelling threats, though ultimate destruction followed internal divisions. A son named Lachoneus succeeded him as the twelfth chief judge. Lamoni was a Lamanite king converted to through the missionary efforts of around 90 BC. Initially skeptical and struck unconscious by divine power after Ammon defended his flocks, Lamoni awoke professing faith in God and the , leading to widespread conversions among his people, including his father, the high king over all . Laman (eldest son of Lehi) rebelled against his father Lehi's prophetic warnings to flee circa 600 BC, murmuring during the wilderness journey and opposing the construction of a ship to the . After arriving in the , Laman and his followers separated from Nephi's group, forming the , who are depicted as developing traditions of hostility toward the due to perceived injustices. Lehi, a prophet in circa 600 BC, received visions warning of the city's impending destruction by , prompting his family's exodus into the . Guided by the Liahona and obtaining the brass plates, Lehi's group sailed to the , where he taught his sons and prophesied of Christ's coming; his descendants divided into and after his death. Lemuel, second son of Lehi, joined his brother Laman in rebelling against their father's commands during the flight from and the ocean voyage circa 600 BC. Like Laman, Lemuel's posterity formed the Lemuelites, allied with the , maintaining enmity toward the . Lib, a Jaredite king who reigned successfully after the reign of , restoring order amid civil strife around 2000 BC, according to the abridged record. His rule is noted for prosperity before the Jaredite society's decline into secret combinations and warfare. Limhi, son of the wicked Nephite king , became king over a group of Nephites in bondage to the circa 121 BC. He organized explorations to find , discovered Jaredite ruins with records, and facilitated escape from captivity through divine intervention, eventually merging his people with those of Mosiah. These figures appear solely in the , a text produced in 1830 by , with no corroborating archaeological or historical evidence from ancient confirming their existence as described, despite claims of ancient origins; scholarly consensus attributes the narrative to 19th-century composition influenced by contemporary sources.

M

Mahah was the third son of among the , noted for walking humbly before the and declining kingship despite the people's desire to appoint him ruler. Mathoni served as one of the twelve disciples chosen by Christ to minister to the following his post-resurrection appearance in the around AD 34. Mathonihah, a brother of Mathoni, was similarly selected among the twelve Nephite disciples appointed by to preach and administer ordinances to the surviving population. Morianton led a group of Nephite dissenters in a contentious land dispute around 68 BC, attempting to flee northward after assaulting neighboring inhabitants; his followers were intercepted and subdued by Teancum's forces under Moroni's command. Mormon functioned as a , general, and primary abridger of the Nephite records, commencing his military leadership at age fifteen around AD 326 and overseeing the final compilation of the plates before the Nephites' destruction circa AD 385. Moroni, son of Mormon, succeeded his father as the last Nephite record-keeper, completing the abridgment and adding exhortations around AD 421 after wandering alone for over sixteen years amid ongoing warfare and . Mosiah1 reigned as a Nephite king who, circa 200–160 BC, discovered the people of —descendants of Mulek—and integrated them into Nephite society after translating their records. Mosiah2, son of King Benjamin, ruled as Nephite king from approximately 124 to 92 BC, known for translating the twenty-four Jaredite plates, promoting reforms, and establishing a system of judges upon abdicating the throne. Muloki accompanied the sons of Mosiah as a to the around 77 BC, persisting in preaching despite imprisonment and contributing to conversions among King Lamoni's household. Mulek, a son of King of Judah who escaped execution circa 587 BC, led a group to the and founded the lineage of the people of , later merging with .

N

Nehor was a Nephite dissenter who, around 91 BC, preached doctrines emphasizing priestcraft, asserting that all priests and teachers should be popular, supported by the people irrespective of their teachings, and that salvation came through denying the Christ who was to come. During a dispute with , a righteous Nephite, Nehor drew his sword and killed him, leading to his arrest, trial before Alma the Younger, and execution by the people for his crimes and false teachings. His followers, termed Nehors, perpetuated his ideology, which influenced later apostasies and contentions among the . , born circa 600 BC in , was the eldest surviving son of the Lehi and Sariah, distinguished for his faithfulness amid family rebellions. He retrieved the brass plates containing Jewish scriptures from Laban through divine guidance, received visions of the and future events including Christ's ministry, and authored significant portions of the detailing prophecies and teachings. After arriving in the , he established a separate colony from his brothers Laman and Lemuel, became the first king of the , and composed 1 Nephi and 2 Nephi before passing records to his brother . Nephi, son of Helaman, served as a prophet and chief judge over the circa 53–30 BC, succeeding his father Helaman amid widespread prosperity and church growth. He convicted the murderer Seantum through divine , fortelling the destruction of the secret behind the assassination of his predecessor Pahoran. Under his leadership, the Nephites experienced repentance and deliverance from Lamanite invasions, with 50,000 Lamanites converting after witnessing miraculous protections around their cities. He later yielded the judgment seat to ceaseanure to focus on preaching. Nephi, son of Nephi (disciple), a prophet around AD 1–34, ministered as one of twelve disciples chosen by the resurrected Christ to lead the Nephite church after His appearance in the . He accurately predicted the sign of Christ's birth—a night without darkness—countering Giddianhi's threats and fulfilling the Lamanite's prophecy, which led to mass conversions. Nephi received power to seal the heavens, causing and to prompt among the unfaithful, and witnessed the fulfillment of Christ's through three days of darkness and societal upheavals. He emphasized covenant-keeping and authored records preserved in 3 Nephi. Nephihah succeeded Alma the Younger as chief judge of the Nephites around 91 BC, maintaining judicial authority during a period of defensive wars against Lamanite incursions. His administration saw the appointment of captains like Moroni and the fortification of cities, contributing to Nephite victories. Nephihah held office until his death circa 53 BC, after which his son Pahoran assumed the position, amid ongoing threats from king-men and external enemies.

O

Omer
Omer was a Jaredite king, the son of Shule, who reigned during a period marked by internal rebellions and secret combinations. His son rebelled against him, leading to Omer's for half his reign, after which he was restored to the throne following prophetic warnings. Omer and his family fled to the seashore during another uprising by his grandson Akish, where poisonous serpents blocked their path but allowed passage after . Omner
Omner was the third son of King Mosiah II and brother to Ammon, Aaron, and Himni. Initially resistant to the gospel alongside his brothers, Omner experienced a conversion through Alma the Younger's preaching and subsequently renounced claims to the throne to serve as a missionary among the Lamanites for 14 years. His efforts contributed to thousands of conversions despite facing imprisonment and persecution. Omni
Omni was a Nephite warrior and record-keeper, the son of Jarom and grandson of Enos, who abridged the small plates for three verses before passing the record to his son Amaron. He described participating in defensive wars against the Lamanites, noting many Nephite deaths due to wickedness, and referenced the discovery of the Mulekites in Zarahemla and their subsequent union with the Nephites under Mosiah I. Orihah
Orihah was the first Jaredite king after the , appointed by his father upon landing in the around 2200 BC according to the text's chronology. He ruled righteously over a growing population that multiplied exceedingly and established a that endured through subsequent generations.

P

'''Paanchi''' was a son of Pahoran, the Nephite chief judge who succeeded Nephihah circa 52 BC, and one of three brothers who contended for the judgment-seat following their father's death. Dissatisfied with the election of his brother Pahoran, Paanchi incited followers to swear an against the government, leading to his arrest and execution by the sentence of the law. His supporters, known as king-men, then appointed Kishkumen to assassinate Pahoran and seize power. '''Pachus''' was a Nephite who, amid political unrest in around 61 BC, was appointed king by the king-men faction opposing Captain Moroni's military authority. His brief reign ended when Moroni's forces suppressed the rebellion, resulting in Pachus's execution along with other leaders. '''Pacumeni''' was a son of the elder Pahoran and brother to Paanchi and the younger Pahoran; he succeeded his brother as Nephite chief judge after the latter's by Kishkumen circa 52 BC. During a Lamanite invasion led by Coriantumr, Pacumeni fled to the judgment-seat but was pursued and killed by the enemy commander, who then captured . '''Pahoran''' (the elder) succeeded his father Nephihah as the third Nephite chief judge around 52 BC, serving during a period of intense warfare with the . He faced internal dissent from king-men but maintained loyalty to , who rebuked him harshly in an before receiving clarification of Pahoran's innocence and support. His death led to contention among his sons for succession. '''Pahoran''' (the younger), son of the elder Pahoran, was elected chief judge over his brothers Paanchi and Pacumeni following their father's death. His tenure, beginning circa 52 BC, ended with his murder by Kishkumen, a follower of Paanchi, amid ongoing political intrigue.

Q

No persons in the Book of Mormon have names beginning with the letter Q. The text contains 337 proper names in total, with Q absent entirely from personal nomenclature, consistent with patterns in ancient Near Eastern onomastics where such phonemes are rare or unrepresented.

R

Riplakish (/ˈrɪpləkɪʃ/) was a Jaredite king and son of Shez, succeeding his father following the latter's death in battle. His rule, detailed in the Book of Ether, exemplified wickedness: he took many wives and concubines, levied heavy taxes to fund spacious buildings, erected an elaborate throne, and built prisons where he incarcerated tax resisters and executed those refusing manual labor. These oppressions incited rebellion, culminating in his deposition and death, after which his family was driven into the wilderness and the people experienced a period of peace under less tyrannical leadership. Riplakish appears in the Jaredite genealogy as an ancestor of later figures, including Morianton.

S

Sam
Sam was the third son of Lehi and Sariah, born around 600 B.C., and older brother to Nephi, , and . He demonstrated faithfulness by supporting Nephi during family trials in the and partaking of the symbolizing God's love in Lehi's vision. Sariah
Sariah served as the wife of the prophet Lehi and mother to Laman, Lemuel, Sam, Nephi, , , and daughters in the account set circa 600 B.C. She initially murmured against Lehi amid hardships in the but later expressed rejoicing upon the return of her sons from with the brass plates. Samuel the Lamanite
Samuel the Lamanite was a prophet dispatched around 6 B.C. to warn the of impending destruction unless they repented, prophesying specific signs of Christ's birth—including a night without darkness and a new star—and death, such as . Protected divinely from arrows and stones hurled by unbelievers atop Zarahemla's walls, his ministry is detailed in Helaman 13–16. Seantum
Seantum, a Nephite associated with the around 23 B.C., murdered his brother Seezoram, the chief judge, while the latter sat in . Nephi, of Helaman, divinely revealed Seantum's guilt, leading to his under after hiding of on a wall and weapon, as recorded in Helaman 9. Seezoram
Seezoram succeeded his father Cezoram as Nephite chief judge circa 23 B.C. but was assassinated by his brother Seantum amid Gadianton influence. His death at the judgment seat, revealed through Nephi's prophecy, prompted investigations confirming familial betrayal, per Helaman 9. Sherem
Sherem emerged around 550–421 B.C. as an eloquent among the , denying Christ's divinity and future while claiming prophetic authority from Jewish traditions. Confronted by , son of Lehi, he demanded a sign, received divine conviction, confessed deception influenced by the devil, and died that day, as narrated in Jacob 7. Shemnon
Shemnon was selected circa A.D. 34 as one of twelve disciples by the resurrected Christ to minister among the , participating in baptisms, prayers for the Holy Ghost, and teaching multitudes. His role parallels apostleship in the , detailed in 3 Nephi 19. Shiblon
Shiblon, son of Alma the Younger, lived circa 73–53 B.C. and exemplified faithfulness amid persecution, including survival during Alma's imprisonment and the burning of believers. Alma entrusted him with sacred records before his death, praising Shiblon's steadfastness, as in Alma 63.

T

Teancum was a chief captain among the Nephites, renowned for his military exploits against Lamanite forces and internal dissenters during the reign of the judges around 72–56 BC. He assassinated the Lamanite king Amalickiah by casting a into his heart while he slept, an act motivated by a desire to preserve Nephite . Teancum later led forces to reclaim territories lost to the Lamanites and king-men, demonstrating strategic prowess in battles near the river . His ultimate death occurred in 56 BC when he attempted to assassinate Ammoron, Amalickiah's brother, but was discovered and slain by the king's servants. Teomner served as a Nephite officer under Helaman circa 63 BC, commanding a contingent of soldiers in the campaign to recapture the city of Manti from Lamanite control. He participated in a stratagem where forces pretended to retreat, luring Lamanite pursuers into an ambush orchestrated by Helaman, Gid, and himself, resulting in the city's surrender without major bloodshed. Teomner's role highlighted coordinated tactics among Nephite commanders during prolonged warfare. Timothy was the brother of the prophet Nephi3, residing among the in the land of Bountiful around AD 34. He was raised from the dead by Nephi through divine power, an event that bolstered faith amid widespread conversions following Christ's appearance. Timothy later became one of the twelve Nephite disciples appointed to minister after the resurrected Savior's visit, tasked with preaching and baptizing converts.

U

Uriah served as a in ancient Judah during the reign of King . His name appears in the within Nephi's quotation of the prophet , stating: "And I took unto me faithful witnesses to record, Uriah the priest, and Zechariah the son of Jeberechiah" (2 Nephi 18:2). This reference directly parallels Isaiah 8:2 in the , where Uriah is identified as a witness to Isaiah's prophetic sign involving a child named . No additional details about Uriah's life or actions are provided in the text beyond this scriptural citation.

W

No named individuals in the Book of Mormon have names beginning with the letter "W". This pattern holds across the approximately 337 proper names in the text, none of which incorporate "W" as an initial letter or in exclusively Book of Mormon names, consistent with Semitic linguistic origins where the equivalent phoneme (waw) does not appear in that position. Unnamed groups, such as the wives of Amulon and his brethren—who were daughters of captured and converted to their faith—are referenced but not identified by personal names starting with "W".

Z

Zenos was a prophet of Israel whose writings, preserved on the brass plates brought by Lehi from around 600 B.C., included prophecies about Christ's mortal ministry, death, and resurrection, as well as the scattering and . His of the olive tree, detailing God's efforts to preserve the house of , is extensively quoted in Jacob 5 of the . Zenock (also spelled ), another preexilic Israelite prophet whose words appeared on the brass plates, prophesied concerning the coming to redeem humanity from the fall, emphasizing Christ's as evidenced by rent rocks and earthquakes. His teachings, referenced five times in the , link divine signs at Christ's death to fulfillment of ancient . Zoram, the chief servant of Laban in circa 600 B.C., initially pursued Nephi after the slaying of Laban but swore an oath to join Lehi's family in their exodus to the , becoming a faithful ally among the . His descendants formed the Zoramites, a group that later dissented and developed distinct religious practices marked by prideful rituals. , a descendant of Mulek (son of King of Judah), led a colony that arrived in the separately from Lehi's group around 586 B.C. following Jerusalem's fall. Upon merging with the circa 200 B.C., he yielded kingship to Mosiah and provided records documenting his people's 320-year history without divine scriptures. Zeezrom, a prominent Nephite lawyer in Ammonihah around 82 B.C., initially sought to entrap Alma and Amulek with cunning questions and bribes to discredit their teachings on resurrection and judgment. Convicted by their responses, he publicly confessed his sins, experienced faith-healing from a resulting fever, and later preached among the people of Sidon. Zemnarihah, leader of the circa 19 B.C., commanded forces in a failed uprising against Nephite and Lamanite coalitions, culminating in his capture and execution by hanging from a tree after his army's defeat. Zedekiah, one of the twelve Nephite disciples appointed around A.D. 34 to minister following Christ's post-resurrection appearance in the , is noted for faithfully fulfilling his role until his death.

Historicity and Scholarly Examination

Assertions of Ancient Historicity

Proponents of the Book of Mormon's ancient assert that the personal names of its figures, such as Lehi's family members Nephi, Sam, , , and daughters, demonstrate authentic ancient Near Eastern linguistic patterns unattested in 19th-century American contexts. LDS researchers, including Paul Y. Hoskisson, have cataloged over 300 unique names, estimating 75-80% exhibit Semitic, Egyptian, or Mesoamerican roots consistent with a 6th-century BC Israelite origin, as claimed in the text's preface. These parallels are drawn from Hebrew onomastica, where names follow root-based constructions like those in and Ammonite inscriptions from 1000-500 BC. Specific examples include Sariah, the wife of Lehi, attested in a Hebrew inscription from the 7th century BC at Kuntillet Ajrud, featuring the theophoric element "-yah" for Yahweh, a form unknown to Joseph Smith in 1829 prior to later archaeological discoveries. Similarly, Alma, a name for both a man and judge in the text, aligns with a shortened form of an Egyptian-Hebrew compound "Almah" meaning "young woman" or "girl," corroborated in Ammonite seals and later Dead Sea Scrolls fragments postdating the Book's publication. Abish, a Lamanite servant, matches an epithet in an 8th-century BC Hebrew ostracon from Arad, denoting "father's gift" in Semitic etymology. Apologists like those at Scripture Central argue these non-biblical names, absent from the King James Bible or contemporary fiction, evince translation from brass plates or reformed Egyptian records rather than 19th-century invention. Further assertions highlight names like Aha, an Egyptian military title from (circa 2500 BC) appearing in military contexts, and Paanchi, paralleling Egyptian "Pa-Ankh-i" ("life of ") from Ptolemaic-era papyri. Phonemic analyses by Interpreter Foundation scholars show names cluster more closely with ancient corpora—such as 337 BC Elephantine papyri names—than with fictional 19th-century , suggesting compositional authenticity over post-hoc fabrication. These claims, primarily from BYU-affiliated researchers, posit that the cumulative onomastic evidence supports the historicity of figures as migrants from around 600 BC, though such sources originate from institutions with doctrinal commitments to the text's antiquity. No direct epigraphic mentions of individual persons like Nephi or Moroni exist in American archaeology, with assertions relying instead on transoceanic cultural transmission models.

Archaeological and Empirical Evidence

No archaeological discoveries have identified specific individuals or groups named in the Book of Mormon, such as Nephi, Laman, Alma, or the broader Nephite and Lamanite civilizations, despite extensive excavations across the spanning over a century. Mainstream archaeological institutions, including the , have repeatedly stated that they discern no direct connection between New World archaeological findings and the subject matter of the , emphasizing that the text is not utilized as a scientific guide for research due to the absence of corroborating artifacts, inscriptions, or site complexes matching its descriptions of large-scale , wheeled vehicles, or urban centers with Hebrew-derived names from circa 600 BCE to 400 CE. Empirical genetic studies further undermine claims of Middle Eastern origins for Book of Mormon peoples, as DNA analyses of pre-Columbian Native American populations reveal overwhelmingly Asian-Siberian ancestry dating to migrations across the 15,000–20,000 years ago, with no significant Semitic haplogroups traceable to the limited Israelite group purportedly led by Lehi around 600 BCE. Population genetic models indicate that even a small founding group from the would leave detectable markers in modern indigenous descendants if they formed principal ancestors, as the asserts for , yet comprehensive sequencing of ancient and contemporary samples shows haplogroups Q and C predominant, consistent with East Asian origins rather than Israelite admixture. Linguistic evidence similarly lacks parallels, with no attested Chibcha, , or other exhibiting Hebraic or Egyptian loanwords, reformed orthography, or onomastic patterns aligning with names like or Mosiah, despite the text's portrayal of a literate preserving records in "." While Latter-day Saint-affiliated researchers at institutions like have proposed correlations with pre-Columbian cement usage or defensive earthworks, these remain unsubstantiated by independent verification and fail to resolve core discrepancies, such as the absence of equine, bovine, or swine remains in contexts predating European contact, contradicting the 's references to , , and pigs among its peoples.

Criticisms Including Anachronisms

Critics of the Book of Mormon's , including non-LDS archaeologists and geneticists, contend that descriptions of named individuals and their societies contain multiple anachronisms—elements inconsistent with pre-Columbian American evidence—suggesting a 19th-century composition rather than an ancient record. These include technologies, animals, and cultural practices unattested in Mesoamerican or other contexts during the claimed time periods (circa 2500 BCE to 400 CE). For example, the Jaredite king Shule and his people are associated with involving "" (Ether 7:9), yet no archaeological evidence exists for or production in the before European arrival, with pre-Columbian metals limited to alloys and work without carburization processes needed for true . Animal references tied to specific peoples further highlight discrepancies. The , including figures like King (Ether 9:18–19), are described as utilizing , asses, , and other Old World fauna for labor and transport, but went extinct in the around 8000 BCE, with no reintroduction until Spanish in the 1500s CE; similarly vanished by 10,000 BCE. Nephite and Lamanite groups, led by individuals such as King Lamoni (Alma 18:9–12), employed chariots drawn by , implying wheeled vehicles and draft animals absent from , where wheels appear only in children's toys without practical use and no remains post-Pleistocene. Agricultural and material anachronisms appear in accounts of named leaders' civilizations. Nephite king Zeniff's people cultivated "" and "" (Mosiah 9:9), crops domesticated in the and unknown in pre-Columbian , where maize, squash, and beans dominated; no or macrofossil evidence supports their presence. Similarly, Captain Moroni's armies wielded "" swords and breastplates (Alma 43:18–19; 44:8), but New World metallurgy focused on ornamental and lacked the furnaces required for iron , let alone , as confirmed by analyses of artifacts from sites like and . Regarding named individuals themselves, critics note the absence of any epigraphic, osteological, or documentary corroboration for figures like Nephi, Alma, or Mormon despite their purported roles in massive literate societies with millions of inhabitants (e.g., Mormon 6:11–15 describes 230,000 Nephite dead at ). Mesoamerican inscriptions from comparable eras, such as , record royal names and battles extensively, yet none match onomastics or events; genetic studies reinforce this, showing Native American Y-chromosome and mtDNA haplogroups derive from Asian migrations 15,000–20,000 years ago, with negligible Middle Eastern input inconsistent with Lehi's small group's supposed demographic dominance over and . Personal names also draw scrutiny for lacking verifiable ancient parallels. While some like "Nephi" have proposed Egyptian roots, others such as "Paanchi" (Helaman 1:3) or "Corianton" (Alma 42:1) appear without Mesoamerican or Hebrew attestations from the relevant periods, potentially echoing 19th-century biblical or literary influences rather than authentic ancient nomenclature; early critics in the flagged 17 such names as implausible, a count that persists without new archaeological vindication. These elements collectively suggest the text's peoples reflect Smith's environment, including King James phrasing and contemporary debates, rather than empirical ancient American reality.

Apologetic Defenses and Alternative Interpretations

Latter-day Saint apologists defend the historicity of Book of Mormon figures by emphasizing onomastic evidence, asserting that the text's personal names reflect authentic ancient Near Eastern linguistic patterns inaccessible to Joseph Smith in the 1820s. According to analyses by LDS scholars, approximately 75-80% of these names derive from Hebrew, Semitic, Egyptian, Mesopotamian, or Greek roots, with etymologies supported by ancient inscriptions and texts. For instance, the name Alma, criticized as a feminine 19th-century term, appears in ancient Hebrew contexts as a male name meaning "young man" or "lad," corroborated by Ugaritic and biblical parallels. Similarly, names like Abish and Aminadi have been linked to ancient historical records outside the Bible, such as Egyptian and Semitic sources, suggesting transmission from Israelite emigrants rather than 19th-century invention. Further defenses highlight structural and phonetic alignments. John A. Tvedtnes documented parallels in the to ancient Jewish texts and inscriptions, including forms like Sam (short for ) and variants of consistent with pre-exilic Israelite . A 2019 study in the Interpreter Foundation compared phonemic patterns in Book of Mormon names to authentic ancient corpora versus fictional literature, finding greater similarity to the former, with clustering of consonants and vowels mirroring Semitic naming conventions. Apologists also point to embedded wordplays, such as puns on Nephi—an attested Egyptian name meaning "good" or "beautiful"—in passages like 1 Nephi 11:13-15, where "tree... good to the taste" evokes Egyptian nfr ("beautiful/good"), arguing such subtleties exceed Smith's linguistic capabilities. Alternative interpretations among some apologists include limited geography models to address evidentiary gaps for named peoples. Proponents like John L. Sorenson propose that figures such as Nephi or represented small Lehi-descended elites within larger Mesoamerican populations, preserving Israelite names via cultural isolation or intermarriage, rather than vast hemispheric civilizations. This framework interprets the absence of direct inscriptions or artifacts bearing these names as consistent with minority status, not fabrication, while allowing for genetic and archaeological integration with indigenous groups. Others advocate a "loose translation" view, where rendered ancient names descriptively in English under divine guidance, prioritizing meaning over phonetic fidelity, thus explaining apparent anachronisms in . These approaches, published in outlets like the Institute, maintain the text's ancient provenance while reconciling it with empirical constraints.

References

  1. https://scripturecentral.org/archive/articles/encyclopedia-entry/book-ofmormonnames
  2. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm?lang=eng
  3. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/introduction?lang=eng
  4. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/comeuntochrist/believe/book-of-mormon/quick-summary-of-the-book-of-mormon
  5. https://bookofmormon.online/people
  6. https://www.dialoguejournal.com/articles/book-of-mormon-archaeology-the-myths-and-the-alternatives/
  7. https://www.biola.edu/blogs/good-book-blog/2022/5-questions-about-mormonism
  8. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1190&context=msr
  9. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/2011/10/book-of-mormon-time-line?lang=eng
  10. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/book-of-mormon-student-manual/chapter-50-ether-1-5?lang=eng
  11. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/media/video/2010-06-0015-an-overview-of-book-of-mormon-history?lang=ase
  12. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/2004/07/book-of-mormon-times-at-a-glance-chart-2-alma-through-mormon-and-moroni?lang=eng
  13. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/2006/10/plain-and-precious-truths-restored?lang=eng
  14. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/2018/10/the-role-of-the-book-of-mormon-in-conversion?lang=eng
  15. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/2011/10/the-book-of-mormon-keystone-of-our-religion?lang=eng
  16. https://rsc.byu.edu/latter-day-saint-essentials/book-mormon-overview
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  18. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/enos/1?lang=eng
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  21. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/ether/12?lang=eng
  22. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/29?lang=eng
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  31. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/book-of-mormon-stories/chapter-31-captain-moroni-defeats-zerahemnah?lang=eng
  32. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/book-of-mormon-stories-2024/37-teancum?lang=eng
  33. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/book-of-mormon-stories-2024/41-teancum-and-moroni?lang=eng
  34. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/book-of-mormon-stories/chapter-34-helaman-and-the-2000-young-warriors?lang=eng
  35. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/book-of-mormon-stories-for-young-readers/the-stripling-warriors?lang=eng
  36. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1097&context=mi
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  38. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/book-of-mormon-student-manual/chapter-34-alma-52-63?lang=eng
  39. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/ether/1?lang=eng
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  41. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/ether/11?lang=eng
  42. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/new-era/2017/10/5-lesser-known-heroes-in-the-book-of-mormon?lang=eng
  43. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?filename=2&article=1045&context=mi&type=additional
  44. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/ether/8?lang=eng
  45. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/gs/gadianton-robbers?lang=eng
  46. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/alma/1?lang=eng
  47. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/3?lang=eng
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  49. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/gs/ishmael-father-in-law-of-nephi?lang=eng
  50. https://scripturecentral.org/evidence/book-of-mormon-evidence-attestation-of-kish
  51. https://www.fairlatterdaysaints.org/answers/Names_in_the_Book_of_Mormon
  52. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bofm/moro?lang=eng
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  55. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/gs/sam?lang=eng
  56. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/gs/samuel-the-lamanite?lang=eng
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  58. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/gs/sherem?lang=eng
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  60. https://scripturecentral.org/archive/periodicals/magazine-article/w-and-i-book-mormon-names
  61. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/gs/zenos?lang=eng
  62. https://scripturecentral.org/knowhy/is-anything-known-of-the-prophet-zenos-outside-of-the-book-of-mormon
  63. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/gs/zenock?lang=eng
  64. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?filename=130&article=1093&context=mi&type=additional
  65. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/gs/zoram-zoramites?lang=eng
  66. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/gs/zarahemla?lang=eng
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  73. https://www.fairlatterdaysaints.org/evidences/Book_of_Mormon/Language/Names
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  75. https://mrm.org/smithsonian
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  80. https://www.ldsdiscussions.com/anachronisms
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  83. https://scripturecentral.org/evidence/book-of-mormon-evidence-wordplay-on-nephi
  84. https://www.dialoguejournal.com/articles/apologetic-and-critical-assumptions-about-book-of-mormon-historicity/
  85. https://sunstone.org/mapping-book-of-mormon-historicity-debates-a-guide-for-the-overwhelmed-part-i/
  86. https://www.faithmatters.org/p/historicity-and-the-book-of-mormon
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