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Various mice produced by Apple from 1984 to 2005

Apple Inc. has designed and manufactured several models of mice, trackpads, and other pointing devices, primarily for use with Macintosh computers.[1] Over the years, Apple has maintained a distinct form and function with its mice that reflect their design languages of that time. Apple's current external pointing devices are the Magic Mouse 2 and Magic Trackpad 2.

Mice

[edit]

Mice manufactured by Apple previously only had a single-button control interface, until the Mighty Mouse in 2005, which introduced a clickable scroll ball and multiple programmable buttons.[2]

Mice made by Apple contained a ball-tracking control mechanism, until the Pro Mouse in 2000 when Apple moved to an optical-based tracking mechanism. Apple's current mouse, the Magic Mouse 2, uses laser tracking.

Background

[edit]
The rubber ball tracking mechanism of the ADB Mouse II

In 1979, Apple was planning to develop a business computer, and arranged a visit with the Xerox Parc research center to view some of their experimental technology.[3] It was there they discovered the mouse, invented by Douglas Engelbart while he was working at SRI International (SRI); the mouse had subsequently been incorporated into the graphical user interface (GUI) used on the Xerox Alto. During an interview, Engelbart said "SRI patented the mouse, but they really had no idea of its value. Some years later it was learned that they had licensed it to Apple for something like US$40,000."[4] Apple was so inspired by the mouse they scrapped their current plans and redesigned everything around the mouse and GUI.[citation needed]

One of the biggest problems was that the three button Xerox mouse cost over US$400 to build, which was not practical for a consumer-based personal computer. Apple commissioned Hovey-Kelley Design (which later became IDEO) to assist them with the mouse design, which not only had to be redesigned to cost US$25 instead of US$400, but also needed to be tested with real consumers outside a laboratory setting to learn how people were willing to use it.[5] Hundreds of prototypes later, Apple settled on a single button mouse, roughly the size of a deck of cards. With the design complete, the operating system was adapted to interface with the single button design using keystrokes in combination with button clicks to recreate some of the features desired from the original Xerox three-button design.[6]

Models

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Lisa Mouse (A9M0050)

[edit]
Lisa Mouse

The mouse created for the Apple Lisa was one of the first commercial mice ever produced. Included with the Lisa system in 1983, it was based on the mouse used in the 1970s on the Alto computer at Xerox PARC. Unique to this mouse was the use of a steel ball, instead of the usual rubber ball found in subsequent Apple mice. It connected to the computer by means of a standard squeeze-release DE-9 connector.

The mouse was developed by Apple, but designed by Hovey-Kelley (renamed IDEO in 1991[7]), who built hundreds of prototypes and conducted exhaustive testing with focus groups in order to create an ideal shape for the Lisa mouse.[8] The Lisa mouse was subsequently used as the foundational design for Apple mice, until the introduction of the multi-button design on the Mighty Mouse in 2005.[9] Every single aspect of the mouse was researched and developed, from how many buttons to include, to how loud the click should be. The original case design was designed by Bill Dresselhaus, and incorporated an Art Deco-inspired style with formal curving lines to match the Lisa design language.[10]

Macintosh Mouse (M0100)

[edit]
Macintosh Mouse (beige & Platinum colors shown)

The Macintosh mouse was very similar to the original Lisa mouse, with both mice being compatible with the Lisa and Macintosh. The Macintosh mouse's case was a slightly darker brown than Lisa's beige coloring and it had less formal lines, with a thick chamfer around its edges to match the Macintosh case. Mechanically, the Lisa's steel ball was replaced by a rubber covered steel ball, but otherwise connected with the same DE-9 connectors, though updated with a square-shape and standard thumb screws.

When the Macintosh Plus debuted in 1986, Apple had made minor revisions to the mouse mechanism and across all product lines, unified the cable connectors and used a more rounded shape. The following year, Apple once again unified its product lines by adopting a uniform "Platinum" gray color for all products. The Macintosh mouse had its final design change in 1987, updating both its color to Platinum with contrasting dark gray "Smoke" accents and minor mechanism changes.

Apple Mouse IIc

[edit]
Apple Mouse IIc

Four months after the Macintosh debut, the Apple IIc was introduced with the addition of an optional mouse (the M0100) to manipulate standard 80 column text.[11] The mouse was similar to the Macintosh mouse, though it was in a creamy-beige color to match the IIc's bright off-white case and had a slightly modified design which was sleeker than the Macintosh's blockier shape. It also was uniformly the same color, eliminating the Mac & Lisa's contrasting taupe accents on the mouse button and cable. Unlike the Macintosh, the IIc Mouse shared a dual purpose port with gaming devices like joysticks. In order for the IIc to know what was plugged into it, its mouse had to send the appropriate signal. Despite these differences, it carried exactly the same model number as the Macintosh version.

The A2M4015, packaged for the IIc, coincided with a minor change in the mouse mechanism and connector style.

In 1988 the A2M4035 took on the identical physical appearance and coloring as the Platinum gray Macintosh Mouse. Unlike its predecessors, the USA manufactured versions of the Platinum Macintosh/Apple IIe mouse will work on the IIc too.[citation needed] All versions of the IIc Mouse will work with any Macintosh or Apple II card.[citation needed] As a result, Apple briefly sold the intermediate model as the Apple Mouse optionally for use across all platforms.

Apple Mouse II (M0100/A2M2050)

[edit]

By mid-1984, Apple's commitment to bringing the mouse to its entire product line resulted in the release of the Apple II Mouse Interface peripheral card.[citation needed] Since this was a dedicated mouse port, Apple simply re-packaged the Macintosh mouse, but with the same creamy-beige cable and connector used on the IIc mouse and bundled it along with special software called MousePaint for use with the Apple II, II Plus, and IIe computers.[12][13] Like the original IIc mouse, it used the same model number as the Macintosh Mouse. Unlike the Mouse IIc, however, it can be interchanged with the Macintosh version, but cannot be used on the IIc.[14] Due to the popularity of the Macintosh and shortage of mice, Apple later repackaged the original Apple Mouse IIc in this bundle as well since it was cross-platform compatible.[citation needed] The AppleMouse II and its successors were never included as standard equipment on any computer.[15]

Apple Mouse (A2M4015)

[edit]

Since the original Apple Mouse IIc was compatible across all platforms, Apple renamed the mouse in 1985 and offered it as an optional purchase for all computers and separate from the Apple II interface card. It featured an updated mechanism and the new uniform rounded cable connector. Apple would briefly reuse this name later for a re-badged Apple Pro Mouse.

Apple Mouse IIe (A2M2070)

[edit]

By 1986, Apple had updated its product lines with new cable connectors. With the Apple IIe already three years old, the AppleMouse II was re-badged for the IIe alone and essentially used a repackaged Macintosh Mouse with no modifications. Later it would also use the Platinum Macintosh version. The US-manufactured version of the Platinum mouse is also interchangeable with the identical-looking IIc mouse.[16]

Apple Desktop Bus Mouse (G5431/A9M0331)

[edit]
ADB Mouse

In September 1986, Apple continued a year of major change by converting its mice and keyboards to the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB). Newly redesigned, this mouse retained the blocky footprint of its predecessor, but had a lower, triangular profile. The first official Snow White design language mouse (the Apple Mouse IIc was technically the first), it was a uniform Platinum gray color, including the single button, with only the cables and connectors retaining the contrasting darker gray "Smoke" color. It was introduced on the Apple IIGS computer and later became the standard mouse included with all Macintosh desktop computers for the next six years.

There were a total of 3 mice of this type produced. The original was manufactured in Taiwan with 2 variations. 1 was sold with the Apple IIGS with the model number designation A9M0331. The other was sold with the Macintosh II and Mac SE with a family number designation G5431. Besides FCC ID numbers, both were exactly alike and came with a black track ball.

The other 2 were manufactured in the US and Malaysia with the family designation of G5431. Both identical to the Taiwan made mouse with the exception of a grey mouse ball.

Apple Desktop Bus Mouse II (M2706, M2707)

[edit]
Platinum, gray and black Apple Desktop Bus Mouse II

In only its third major redesign in ten years, the Apple mouse shed its blocky exterior for rounded curves. The so-called tear-drop mouse, was essentially the same as its predecessor but with a new case subsequently held as the ideal shape of mice.[citation needed] Indeed, the basic design has persevered into current models, as well as being widely adopted by other mouse manufacturers. It was included with all Macintosh desktop computers from 1993 until 1998 in platinum color under the model M2706. It was also the first mouse produced by Apple in black to match the Macintosh TV as well as the Performa 5420 sold in black; also under the model M2706. A dark gray version was released in 1993 as a color coded accessory for the PowerBook 100 series under the model M2707.

Apple USB Mouse (M4848)

[edit]
Main article: Hockey puck mouse
Apple USB Mouse

The Apple USB Mouse was Apple's first USB mouse. Released with the iMac in 1998 and included with all successive desktop Macs for the next two years, the round "Hockey puck" USB mouse is widely considered one of Apple's worst design mistakes.[17] Marking the switch from ADB, the colorful translucent mouse was a radical departure from its predecessors, down to a ball whose two-tone surface fluttered past the user's eyes as it spun under the mouse's translucent housing.

However stylish, the mouse's round shape is widely considered clumsy,[citation needed] due to its small size and tendency to rotate in use. This was a major cause for the success of ADB to USB adapters,[citation needed] as they allowed for the use of the older, more comfortable ADB Mouse II to be used with those iMacs. Later revisions included a shallow indentation on the front of the single mouse button, but this was not enough to prevent a flood of third-party shells that attached to the USB mouse to give it the ADB mouse's elliptical shape.[18][19]

Another flaw introduced in the Apple USB Mouse, shared across all of Apple's USB offerings, is the atypically short cord. Though intended for use through the integrated hub in Apple's keyboards (which have themselves had shorter integral cables since the USB transition, eventually prompting Apple to bundle keyboard-only extension cables with tower Macs), Apple's transition to USB coincided with the relocation of ports on their laptops from the center to the left edge.

Apple Pro Mouse (M5769)

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Apple USB Mouse – A revised version of the white Pro Mouse – note how this mouse has white hand grips on the side, which differentiates it from the original pro mouse which had clear grips.

In a move away from the bold colors of the iMac and in a return to the styling of the traditional mouse design, Apple discontinued the USB Mouse in July 2000, and introduced the all-black Pro Mouse. A similar design to the ADB II mouse, the black Apple Pro Mouse was surrounded by a clear plastic shell. After taking years of criticism for their continuation of the one-button mouse, Apple effectively flipped the design of a "normal" mouse upside-down, with the sleekly featureless appearance that resulted inspiring its jocular appellation as "the first zero-button mouse."[20]

This was the first Apple mouse to use a solid-state optical tracking instead of a rubber ball for its tracking mechanism. A dial is located on the mouse to adjust the mouse's click force. It was included as the standard mouse with all shipping desktop Macs, and was later made available in white.[21] In May 2003, the mouse underwent a minor redesign, during which time the black version was discontinued, the click force dial was removed, and Pro was dropped from its name. [citation needed]

The Apple Wireless Mouse (A1015), a Bluetooth-based wireless version of the Apple Pro Mouse in white, was released in September 2003 as Apple's first wireless mouse.

Apple Mighty Mouse (A1152)

[edit]
Main article: Apple Mighty Mouse
The wireless version of the Mighty Mouse

Previously included with all new Macintosh desktop models, it was a major departure from Apple's one-button philosophy integrated in its design since the Lisa.[22] This mouse was called the Mighty Mouse but was renamed to just 'Apple Mouse' in 2009 due to legal issues with the name.[23]

The Mighty Mouse includes a touch-sensitive button design that supports left and right click, as well as a scroll ball that supports 360-degree scroll movement.[24] A wireless version (A1197) of the Mighty Mouse was also released, replacing the Wireless Mouse.

Magic Mouse

[edit]
Main article: Magic Mouse
1st generation (A1296)
[edit]
Magic Mouse

Introduced on October 20, 2009[25] as a replacement to the wireless Mighty Mouse, the Magic Mouse features a multi-touch interface similar to the iPhone, iPod Touch and MacBook trackpads. The mouse also includes wireless Bluetooth capabilities and a laser-tracking sensor. The Magic Mouse supports two-button click, multi-touch gestures and inertia scrolling in Mac OS X. The Magic Mouse was included with the iMac and the first-generation Mac Pro.

2nd generation (A1657)
[edit]

On October 13, 2015, Apple released a second-generation Magic Mouse (initially marketed as Magic Mouse 2), replacing the first-generation Magic Mouse. It is powered off of a rechargeable Li-ion battery instead of AA batteries. The battery is charged via the Lightning port located on the bottom of the mouse. As a result, the mouse is unusable while charging, a design choice that was poorly received by critics.[26][27][28] The Magic Mouse 2 has been included with the iMac, iMac Pro, and Mac Pro, and is also available as a separate purchase.

Recent versions of macOS and iPadOS include full support for the second-generation Magic Mouse. The mouse has been made available in many different colors; it has been available in a white and silver color since 2015, same as the first-generation Magic Mouse. A space grey color was introduced in 2017 to match the iMac Pro, a black and silver color in 2019 to match the third-generation Mac Pro, and a variety of pastel colors in 2021 to match the M1 iMac.[29]

3rd generation (A3204)
[edit]

On October 28, 2024, Apple released a third-generation Magic Mouse, replacing the second-generation Magic Mouse. This 3rd generation Magic Mouse is identical to the 2nd generation, except the Lightning charging port is replaced by USB-C, which remains on the base of the mouse.[30]

Trackpads

[edit]

Built-in trackpads

[edit]

Notebooks

[edit]
The Force Touch trackpad on a 12-inch MacBook

The trackpad is the built-in pointing device on all Apple notebook computers since 1995, and is colored to match the laptop case. The MacBook Air introduced a multi-touch trackpad with gesture support, which has since spread to the rest of Apple's portable products. Like Apple's single-button mice, all of their trackpads have no more than one button (though some early PowerBooks had a second physical button, it was electrically the same as the primary button) also like Apple's new mice, their latest trackpads—beginning with the unibody MacBooks and MacBook Pros—eliminated physical buttons.[31]

Current MacBooks, starting with the 2015 MacBook, include a Force Touch trackpad, capable of detecting multiple levels of pressure, and has a solid-state design with no moving parts.

iPod

[edit]

Starting with the iPod 2G, the mechanical scroll wheel was replaced with a wheel-shaped trackpad. Starting from the iPod 3G, the media control buttons and menu button were also made to be touch sensitive. On the iPod 4G and newer, it has the media control buttons and the menu button built-in to it (doing away with the touch sensitive media control buttons and menu button).[32]

External trackpads

[edit]

Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh

[edit]
Main article: Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh

The Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh was the first Macintosh desktop to not include a mouse, and instead includes a trackpad which can be attached into the palm rest of the keyboard.[33]

Magic Trackpad

[edit]
Main article: Magic Trackpad
1st generation
[edit]
The first-generation Magic Trackpad

Apple released its first dedicated external trackpad, the Magic Trackpad, on July 27, 2010. It is a Bluetooth-only wireless trackpad, similar to the Magic Mouse. It is 80% larger than the MacBook trackpads of the time, and is designed to match the design of the Apple Wireless Keyboard.[34] The trackpad's clicking mechanism is activated by two circular feet located on the bottom edge of the trackpad.[34]

2nd generation
[edit]
Magic Trackpad 2

On October 13, 2015, Apple released a second-generation Magic Trackpad (initially marketed as Magic Trackpad 2), replacing the first-generation Magic Trackpad. The second-generation Magic Trackpad is designed to match the Magic Keyboard, also released on the same day. It introduces solid-state Force Touch trackpad technology to desktop Macs, as well as a rechargeable Li-ion battery, charged via a Lightning connector. It is available as an add-on with the purchase of any desktop Mac, or as a standalone purchase.

Recent versions of macOS and iPadOS include full support for the second-generation Magic Trackpad. The trackpad has been made available in many different colors; it has been available in a white and silver color since 2015. A space grey color was introduced in 2017 to match the iMac Pro, a black and silver color in 2019 to match the third-generation Mac Pro, and a variety of pastel colors in 2021 to match the M1 iMac.[29]

3rd generation
[edit]

On October 28, 2024, Apple released a third-generation Magic Trackpad, replacing the second-generation Magic Trackpad. This 3rd generation Magic Trackpad is identical to the 2nd generation, except the Lighting charging port is replaced by USB-C.[35]

Magic Keyboard for iPad

[edit]
Main article: Magic Keyboard for iPad

The Magic Keyboard for iPad, released on April 22, 2020, is a keyboard case that includes a scissor-switch keyboard and multi-touch trackpad, to accompany the addition of mouse support in iPadOS. Apple released a modified Magic Keyboard in May 2021 to accommodate the slightly thicker 5th generation iPad Pro, which is also compatible with the previous Magic Keyboard, though it exhibits tighter fit.[36]

Other inputs

[edit]

Paddle

[edit]
Apple Hand Controllers II, Apple Hand Controllers IIe, IIc (A2M2001)
These paddles were the original Apple-branded game controllers.[37][38]

Joystick

[edit]
Apple Joystick II (A2M0055)
Manufactured by The Keyboard Company. The joystick could be used for many of the same functions as a mouse. The Joystick II has a beige-colored case and orange-colored fire buttons.[39][40][41]
Apple Joystick IIe (A2M2002)
Manufactured by The Keyboard Company. The joystick could be used for many of the same functions as a mouse.[42]
Apple Joystick IIe, IIc (A2M2012)
Mostly the same as the Joystick IIe (A2M2002) but with a gray-colored case and fire buttons.[43][44]

Pen input

[edit]
Apple Graphics Tablet (A2M0029)
The Apple Graphics Tablet was a large flat surface covered with a grid and had an attached stylus. Released for the Apple II Plus and later a modified version for the Apple IIe.[45]
Pippin Keyboard
An optional keyboard accessory was provided for the Pippin, which had a large graphics tablet and stylus on the top half of its notebook-like hinged body.[46]
Apple Pencil
The Apple Pencil is a stylus accessory for selected iPad models, intended for use when drawing or handwriting.

Trackballs

[edit]
PowerBook trackball

Apple was one of the first computer manufacturers to include a built-in trackball into a complete system with the Macintosh Portable in 1989.[47] The first entries in the company's PowerBook line of notebook computers put the trackball directly below the keyboard—a first for laptop design and a configuration which was borrowed by many competing Wintel notebook manufacturers in the mid-1990s.[48][49]

Macintosh Portable
The Macintosh Portable was the first Apple machine to use a trackball, essentially a large palm-sized, upside-down ball mouse. The trackball was removable and could be placed on either side of the keyboard, or removed and a number pad installed in its place.[50]
PowerBook
The PowerBook line scaled down the trackball to be thumb-sized and included one in every portable from 1991 to 1995 when it was phased out in favor of the trackpad.[51]
Pippin controller ("Apple Jack")
The Pippin, developed by Apple, had a gamepad with a built-in trackball. Versions were made which connected via the Pippin's AppleJack childproof ADB connector, infrared, and normal ADB.[52]

See also

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References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Apple pointing devices

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Apple pointing devices are a series of input peripherals developed by Apple Inc. for cursor control, gesture recognition, and interaction with graphical user interfaces on Macintosh computers and compatible devices, including mice, trackpads, trackballs, joysticks, and styluses that have progressed from mechanical to multi-touch and wireless technologies. The history of Apple's pointing devices began with the introduction of the Lisa Mouse in 1983, a single-button rollerball device bundled with the Apple Lisa computer, which marked Apple's early adoption of mouse-based navigation inspired by Xerox PARC innovations but simplified for affordability and ease of use at a production cost under $25. This was followed by the 1984 Macintosh Mouse, a refined beige model with a DE-9 connector that became iconic for the original Macintosh's graphical interface, emphasizing Apple's commitment to intuitive, one-button input. Over the decades, mouse designs evolved through models like the 1986 Apple Desktop Bus Mouse for ADB connectivity, the 1993 ergonomic Desktop Bus Mouse II, and the controversial 1998 translucent "hockey puck" USB Mouse for the iMac, which prioritized aesthetics but drew criticism for ergonomics. Further advancements included the 2000 optical Pro Mouse, the 2005 Mighty Mouse with its touch-sensitive scroll ball and multi-button emulation, and the 2009 Magic Mouse, which integrated a seamless multi-touch surface for gestures like swiping and scrolling on macOS. Trackpads emerged as a complementary pointing solution with the 1994 PowerBook 520, Apple's first laptop to replace a trackball with a solid-state touchpad, enabling finger-based cursor movement and laying the groundwork for portable computing input. Integrated into subsequent and series, trackpads advanced to support gestures by the mid-2000s, such as two-finger on models like the 2008 . The standalone , released in 2010, extended these capabilities to desktops with an 80% larger surface than laptop versions and wireless Bluetooth connectivity, compatible with and later. In modern iterations, Apple's pointing devices emphasize seamless integration and advanced haptics; the , updated to a USB-C rechargeable model in , features a smooth surface for edge swiping, zooming, and battery life up to a month, available in white or black. Similarly, the , with its second-generation technology introduced in 2015 and USB-C charging added in , supports a full suite of gestures—including pinch-to-zoom, three-finger drag, and pressure-sensitive Force clicks—for precise control across macOS, , and even environments. These devices underscore Apple's ongoing innovation in human-computer interaction, blending minimalistic with gesture-based efficiency while maintaining compatibility with third-party mice and trackpads through system-wide pointer adaptations.

History

Origins and early influences

The development of Apple's pointing devices traces its roots to pioneering work in human-computer interaction during the 1960s and 1970s. The was first invented by , who demonstrated a wooden prototype with three buttons in a 1968 "," aiming to enhance collaborative computing through intuitive cursor control. This concept was refined at PARC, where engineers integrated a mouse into the system in 1973, featuring a single-button design for navigating a with windows, icons, and menus. In December 1979, Apple co-founder visited PARC and was profoundly influenced by the Alto's demonstration, leading Apple to adopt and adapt these elements for its own systems in exchange for Xerox receiving Apple stock. Apple's first commercial pointing device emerged with the Lisa computer, released on January 19, 1983. Designed by the industrial design firm Hovey-Kelley, the Lisa Mouse (model A9M0050) featured a single-button mechanical ball mechanism housed in a simple beige square enclosure, optimized for ergonomic comfort and manufacturing simplicity through a "ribcage" internal structure that aligned the ball with optical sensors. This design drew directly from PARC's influences, prioritizing ease of use over complexity, and marked Apple's inaugural integration of a to control a cursor in a . The Lisa Mouse was seamlessly integrated into the Lisa Office System's graphical user interface, enabling users to manipulate icons, resize windows, and access pull-down menus through direct point-and-click interactions, embodying a document-centric model inspired by real-world office metaphors like desktops and stationery pads. The single-button approach, refined after testing multi-button prototypes that confused users, simplified operations by reducing and eliminating the need to distinguish button functions, with contextual actions handled via modifier keys or menus. This integration represented Apple's first mass-market implementation of mouse-driven cursor control, setting the stage for broader adoption of intuitive computing. When the original Macintosh 128K launched in January 1984, it reused the Lisa Mouse design as the Macintosh Mouse (model M0100), with minor manufacturing adjustments to the internal components for improved cost efficiency while retaining the beige housing, single button, and DE-9 connector compatibility. Early challenges included the device's high production costs, which contributed to the Lisa system's $9,995 price tag and limited its accessibility, alongside the single-button limitation that, while simplifying interaction for novice users, constrained advanced functionality compared to multi-button alternatives.

Key technological milestones

Apple's pointing device technology evolved significantly starting in the mid-1980s, with the introduction of the (ADB) in 1986 alongside the computer, which provided a low-speed serial interface for connecting peripherals like mice and keyboards in a daisy-chain configuration to minimize cable clutter. This system was adopted for Macintosh computers in 1987 with the Mac SE and Mac II models, standardizing input device connectivity until the late 1990s. A major hardware shift occurred in 2000 when Apple launched its first , the USB Pro Mouse, which replaced the traditional mechanical ball mechanism with an LED-based sensor for enhanced precision and reduced maintenance needs, debuting alongside the Power Mac G4 Cube and updated iMacs. Wireless capabilities advanced in 2006 with the release of the Mighty Mouse, enabling cable-free operation via Bluetooth connectivity for improved desk mobility. Multitouch functionality marked another breakthrough in 2009, as Apple unveiled the Magic Mouse, the world's first multitouch surface mouse, supporting gestures such as scrolling and swiping directly on its seamless top surface. In 2024, Apple updated its Magic Mouse and Magic Trackpad models to feature built-in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries and USB-C charging ports, aligning with the phase-out of the Lightning connector and promoting sustainability by eliminating disposable batteries. On the software side, for pointing devices was integrated into macOS beginning with OS X 10.5 in 2007, introducing multi-finger controls like two-finger scrolling on trackpads to enable more intuitive navigation across applications. These developments collectively transformed Apple's pointing devices from basic input tools into gesture-enabled peripherals that enhanced user interaction with the macOS ecosystem.

Mice

Mechanical and early models (1983–1993)

Apple's initial pointing devices were mechanical ball mice designed primarily for its early personal computers, emphasizing simplicity and integration with graphical user interfaces. These models, introduced between 1983 and 1986, relied on a rollerball mechanism to detect movement, marking Apple's entry into intuitive input methods inspired by PARC innovations but tailored for commercial viability. All featured a single-button design for basic clicking and selection, with compatibility limited to specific Apple systems via proprietary connectors. The Lisa Mouse (A9M0050), launched in 1983 alongside the workstation, was Apple's first commercial mouse. Housed in square beige plastic, it connected via a DE-9 serial connector to the Lisa's dedicated and used a mechanical rollerball covered in rubber to track X-Y axis movement through internal rollers and optical sensors. Powered by +5V from the host system, it supported basic cursor control in the Lisa's GUI environment. In 1984, Apple released the Macintosh Mouse (M0100) with the Macintosh 128K, which was mechanically identical to the Lisa Mouse but distinguished by an embossed Apple logo on its beige housing. This model served the Macintosh 128K, 512K, and Plus computers, connecting through the same DE-9 and employing the rollerball for precise tracking on desk surfaces. Its design prioritized affordability and reliability for consumer use, with the mouse bundled standard with early Macintosh systems. That same year, the Apple Mouse IIc debuted as an optional accessory for the portable computer, sharing the core mechanical design and DE-9 connector of prior models but with a shorter cord optimized for mobility. Priced around $125 including software like MousePaint, it enabled GUI extensions on the education-focused IIc platform. Meanwhile, the Apple Mouse II (M0100/A2M2050), produced from 1984 to 1986, targeted the and early IIgs systems, often bundled with an interface card or joystick port adapter for compatibility, allowing mouse input in and applications. By 1985, the Apple Mouse IIe (A2M2070) addressed slot-based integration for the , featuring a card-edge connector that plugged directly into an expansion slot alongside the mouse unit and interface card, emphasizing seamless setup in educational settings. In 1986, the Apple Mouse (A2M4015) refined the lineup with enhanced rollerball durability for sustained use, adopting a platinum-colored housing while retaining the DE-9 connector and single-button layout, primarily for and compatibility. These early models shared key traits: a single left-click button for user interaction, +5V power draw from the host computer, and a mechanical rollerball system that converted physical rolling into digital signals via internal wheels and opto-couplers. However, the was susceptible to dirt accumulation under the , necessitating regular to maintain tracking accuracy—a common maintenance issue for ball-based mice of the era. This period laid the foundation for Apple's evolution, bridging proprietary hardware with emerging standards like ADB in later years.

ADB-era models (1993–1998)

The (ADB) era marked a period of standardization for Apple's pointing devices, beginning with the introduction of the ADB protocol in 1986 and continuing through the mid-1990s as Macintosh systems transitioned to more modular peripherals. The ADB Mouse (model G5431 or A9M0331), launched in 1986 alongside the and later adopted for Macintosh SE and II models in 1987, was the inaugural ADB-compatible mouse. It featured a compact, low-profile rectangular housing in gray or beige, a single-button interface, and a 4-pin for ADB integration. This design supported daisy-chaining up to 16 devices on a single bus, simplifying by allowing peripherals like keyboards and mice to connect in series. Powered directly from the ADB bus at 5 volts DC with a total capacity of up to 500 mA across devices, it enabled plug-and-play functionality without external power adapters, compatible with Macintosh from version 6 onward. By 1993, Apple refined its ADB mouse design with the Desktop Bus Mouse II (models M2706 in beige and M2707 in gray), aligning it with the emerging Power Macintosh lineup for enhanced and professional . Developed as the third major redesign in a , it adopted a teardrop-shaped, curved form factor that positioned the rollerball forward for improved tracking precision and palm support during extended use. The larger rollerball and rubber feet contributed to better desk stability and smoother movement compared to earlier mechanical models, while maintaining the single-button operation standard for Macintosh interfaces. Neutral colors like beige and gray reflected Apple's shift toward subdued, office-friendly palettes, and the mouse remained bus-powered via ADB at 5 volts, supporting daisy-chaining for streamlined setups under and later. This model was bundled with all Macintosh desktop systems from 1993 to 1998, influencing third-party accessory designs. Despite these advancements, ADB-era mice retained mechanical rollerball mechanisms prone to dust accumulation and required periodic cleaning for optimal performance. Limited to single-button input without scroll wheels—a feature absent until later eras—they prioritized simplicity over multifunctionality, aligning with Macintosh's one-button philosophy. Production of the Desktop Bus Mouse II ceased around 1998 as Apple transitioned away from ADB toward USB with the , ending the era during the full PowerPC adoption.

USB and optical models (1998–2009)

The transition to USB connectivity marked a significant shift for Apple's pointing devices, beginning with the introduction of the Apple USB Mouse (model M4848) in 1998, designed specifically for the and its translucent aesthetic. This model featured a distinctive round, "" shape with a single-button design and a mechanical rubber ball for tracking, encased in colorful, semi-transparent plastic available in shades like Bondi Blue to match the lineup. It utilized a standard USB Type-A connector, drawing power directly from the bus at approximately 100mA, and included a 1.8-meter cord for connectivity. Compatible with Mac OS 8.1 and later, it represented Apple's abandonment of the ADB protocol in consumer hardware, aligning with the iMac's USB-only ports and signaling the end of ADB support as a standard in new systems by Mac OS 9. In 2000, Apple advanced to optical tracking with the Pro Mouse (model M5769), an egg-shaped, ambidextrous device introduced alongside the Power Mac G4 that emphasized minimalist design without dedicated buttons—instead, clicking occurred via depression of the entire upper shell. Equipped with a CMOS-based operating at 400 DPI for precise surface tracking without a ball mechanism or , it maintained the white plastic aesthetic and USB connectivity, powered at 100mA over a 1.8-meter cord. Bundled with systems like the and , the Pro Mouse prioritized consumer simplicity and reliability on various desk surfaces, though its smooth, slippery surface drew criticism for reduced grip during extended use. Subsequent variants, such as the 2002 and 2003 refreshes of the optical line, refined the Pro Mouse's form with minor ergonomic tweaks while retaining the core 400 DPI optical sensor, USB interface, and no-button philosophy. These models, often simply branded as Apple Optical Mouse, continued to be standard bundles for mid-2000s Macs like the and , focusing on seamless integration and low-maintenance tracking via LED illumination without moving parts prone to dirt accumulation. By 2005, the Mighty Mouse (model A1152) extended this optical era with added functionality, incorporating an 800 DPI sensor, a central for 360-degree , and capacitive side buttons, all powered via USB at 100mA with a 1.8-meter cord, while upholding the white, minimalist exterior. These USB optical designs collectively emphasized durability and ease of use, phasing out mechanical elements entirely and supporting Mac OS X's growing ecosystem until the rise of wireless alternatives.

Wireless and multitouch models (2009–present)

The Apple Mighty Mouse, introduced in 2005 as model A1152, served as a transitional wired optical mouse featuring four programmable buttons via touch-sensitive surfaces and a central scroll ball for omnidirectional navigation. A Bluetooth variant, model A1197, debuted in 2006, incorporating laser tracking for enhanced precision over optical sensors and maintaining the multi-button design with Bluetooth 2.0 connectivity, though it still relied on AA batteries. This model bridged Apple's shift toward wireless input while retaining mechanical scrolling, but production ended around 2009 as the company moved to fully multitouch designs. The Magic Mouse, launched in 2009, marked Apple's entry into wireless multitouch pointing devices with a seamless upper surface enabling gestures such as scrolling, swiping between pages, and panning. It utilized a laser tracking engine for smooth cursor movement and was powered by two AA batteries, offering compatibility with Mac OS X Leopard 10.5.8 or later via Bluetooth. In 2015, the Magic Mouse 2 introduced a rechargeable lithium-polymer battery, eliminating disposable cells and reducing weight through a continuous aluminum bottom shell that minimized moving parts. This version adopted a Lightning connector for charging and enhanced the multitouch surface for more fluid edge-to-edge scrolling, while maintaining the flat, ambidextrous form factor. The 2024 iteration of the retained the core design but updated to a charging port for alignment with modern Apple ecosystems, including compatibility with macOS Sequoia 15 and 18. support expanded via software, allowing actions like three-finger swipes for app switching, though the hardware form saw no major changes. General features across recent models include wireless connectivity, a providing up to one month of use per charge, and automatic pairing with compatible Macs. However, the device's flat profile has drawn criticism for lacking ergonomic support during extended sessions, and the bottom-mounted charging port renders it unusable while recharging.

Trackpads

Built-in trackpads in portables

The built-in trackpads in Apple's portable devices first appeared in the , introduced in April 1994, with models like the 520 featuring a small rectangular trackpad with mechanical click functionality and support for single-finger tracking to control the cursor. This design marked a shift from earlier trackballs in prior models, providing a more compact and intuitive pointing method integrated below the keyboard for portable use. The multitouch era began with the MacBook Pro in February 2008, introducing a larger glass trackpad surface that supported multi-finger gestures such as two-finger scrolling for navigating documents and web pages, three-finger dragging for moving windows, and capacitive sensors to detect and interpret these inputs without physical buttons. This upgrade enhanced precision and intuitiveness, allowing users to pinch for zooming, rotate for image manipulation in apps like iPhoto, and swipe for browser navigation in Safari, all enabled by the trackpad's multi-touch hardware. The design eliminated the separate button, making the entire surface clickable and responsive to gestures. In May 2015, Apple introduced trackpads across models, incorporating haptic feedback through the Taptic Engine to simulate physical clicks anywhere on the surface, along with pressure-sensitive force sensors for distinguishing light presses from deeper "Force clicks." This allowed advanced interactions, such as four- or five-finger gestures in macOS for accessing Mission Control to switch between desktops and apps, while providing customizable click pressure and tactile responses for tasks like previewing files or editing in . The Taptic Engine delivers precise vibrations to mimic button depression, improving and reducing mechanical wear in portable designs. With the transition to in 2020, M-series MacBooks featured expanded trackpad sizes, reaching up to approximately 6.3 by 4 inches on 16-inch models, alongside integration of fingerprint sensors in the nearby power button for secure authentication during portable use. These updates through 2025 maintained capabilities while supporting third-party software extensions like BetterTouchTool for custom gestures, enhancing productivity on devices such as the with M4 chips. Modern built-in trackpads in Apple's portables employ advanced for high-resolution cursor control and palm rejection algorithms that distinguish intentional finger inputs from incidental wrist or palm contact during typing, ensuring reliable operation without external accessories. This technology prioritizes accuracy in space-constrained designs, with sensor arrays enabling smooth multi-finger interactions across macOS and iOS environments.

External trackpads

Apple's first external trackpad was introduced as part of the (TAM) in 1997, a limited-edition desktop system produced in approximately 12,000 units. The custom aluminum trackpad integrated with the TAM's all-in-one design featured pressure sensitivity for cursor control, responding to both finger direction and speed, but lacked multitouch capabilities. This early model emphasized a clutter-free desk setup by combining input with the system's Bose audio and LCD display, though its high cost and exclusivity confined it to collectors. The , launched in 2010, marked Apple's shift to a standalone for desktops like the and . It connects via and features a glass surface measuring approximately 5.3 by 5 inches, enabling gestures such as scrolling, zooming, and swiping that mirror those on MacBook trackpads. Initially powered by two AA batteries for up to a month of use, it provided a seamless extension of macOS's gesture-based navigation to non-portable setups. In 2015, Apple released the Magic Trackpad 2, enhancing the original with technology incorporating a Taptic Engine for haptic feedback on presses. The device adopts a rechargeable via Lightning port, eliminating disposable batteries, and features an aluminum unibody construction for durability. Its larger surface, measuring 6.3 by 4.5 inches, better accommodates four-finger gestures like app switching and desktop exposure, improving precision for creative workflows. The 2024 update to the introduces charging while retaining the Force Touch and Taptic Engine design, ensuring compatibility with modern Macs and extending battery life up to a month per charge. It integrates with the Magic Keyboard ecosystem for cross-device use and leverages macOS 15 (Sequoia) enhancements, including variable haptic feedback levels for more nuanced click simulation, such as four distinct pressure responses in gesture interactions. Complementing these standalone models, the Magic Keyboard with Trackpad accessory, introduced in 2021 for the , incorporates a built-in haptic trackpad in a foldable aluminum case that bridges tablet and desktop modes. The trackpad supports gestures with scissor-switch keys and a pass-through for charging, evolving through 2025 models including a March update for iPad Air with larger glass surface and M3 compatibility, and an October black variant for M5, enhancing precision in workflows. Third-party software like BetterTouchTool further boosts adoption by enabling custom gestures, such as advanced mappings for productivity apps.

Other pointing devices

Trackballs

Apple's initial foray into trackball pointing devices occurred with the , released in September 1989 as the company's first battery-powered computer. This model featured an integrated, opto-mechanical positioned on the side of the keyboard for ambidextrous use, allowing users to roll the exposed ball with their to control the cursor on the 9.8-inch active-matrix display. The , connected via a 34-pin flat cable to the logic board and emulating an (ADB) mouse, included a single button for clicking and was designed for low-power operation to conserve the device's lead-acid battery life, which lasted up to 10 hours. This space-efficient addressed the limitations of external mice in a portable form factor, though the overall system weighed 16 pounds and sold poorly, with production ending in 1991. In 1993, Apple incorporated a into its line, starting with the Duo 250 model released in October of that year. The built-in , a compact 19 mm diameter ball mounted between the G and H keys on the low-profile keyboard, provided 360-degree rotation for precise cursor control and was targeted at mobile professionals, including graphic designers needing accurate pointing in tight spaces. Like the Macintosh Portable's version, it used an ADB interface for bus-powered operation and shared mechanical similarities with early ADB mice, such as opto-mechanical sensors for tracking ball movement. The Duo series enabling smooth navigation on the device's 9-inch grayscale or color display, though users often noted the small size required a for fine control. Apple phased out trackballs by the late 1990s, favoring trackpads for their potential and alignment with the shift to USB interfaces introduced in with the . The line, the last to use trackballs, was discontinued in 1997 without any USB or subsequent iterations, as Apple prioritized simpler, more intuitive input for its consumer-focused designs. These trackballs explored key advantages for portable computing, including significant space savings by eliminating the need for a separate —critical in the pre-trackpad era—and reduced strain through stationary operation, where the hand remained fixed while only fingers moved the ball. Bus-powered functionality further enhanced efficiency without additional cables or power draws. The legacy of Apple's trackballs lies in their influence on third-party accessories, as the company never released standalone models, prompting manufacturers like and to develop ADB-compatible alternatives for Mac users seeking ergonomic options. However, Apple did not pursue trackballs into the iMac era, emphasizing streamlined aesthetics and optical mice instead.

Joysticks and paddles

Apple's early pointing devices included specialized controllers for gaming on its 8-bit systems, with joysticks and paddles serving as primary input mechanisms for analog position control in software applications. These devices were integral to the family, emphasizing arcade-inspired interactions rather than desktop navigation. The Apple Paddle, released in 1979 alongside the , featured a pair of analog controllers equipped with rotating dials connected to potentiometers, enabling precise horizontal movement in paddle games like Breakout. Designed for the system's 16-pin game I/O connector (later adapted to DB-9 standards in subsequent models), the paddles delivered variable resistance readings via the PDL() function in , allowing software to interpret dial positions for on-screen paddle alignment without support for digital cursor control. Their simple wired design focused on rapid, rotational input for real-time gameplay, reading values between 0 and approximately 150 kΩ to simulate continuous motion. In 1983, Apple introduced the for the , an analog device with a pivoting stick incorporating two potentiometers for X and Y axis control, complemented by a fire button for action triggers. Connected via a , it transmitted continuous coordinate data readable through the same PDL() interface, facilitating basic pointing and navigation in adventure games where software mapped analog signals to directional or cursor movements. The joystick's plastic housing and port-powered operation (drawing 5V from the system) prioritized responsive arcade input, with potentiometers calibrated for a 60-degree travel range yielding 0–150 kΩ resistance per axis. Both paddles and joysticks integrated seamlessly with software via the game's analog-to-digital conversion hardware, but their use extended to modern emulation through USB adapters compatible with AppleWin on Windows and equivalents on early macOS, though limited to 8-bit emulation environments. Featuring durable plastic construction and no onboard power requirements beyond the port, these controllers emphasized intuitive, game-oriented handling over the fine precision needed for graphical interfaces. As the shift to mouse-based GUIs accelerated in the late 1980s, joysticks and paddles were phased out, with Apple producing no new models after 1990.

Stylus-based input

Apple's exploration of stylus-based input began with the Newton MessagePad, introduced in 1993 as one of the first personal digital assistants (PDAs) to incorporate technology. The device featured an unpowered passive designed for writing directly on its monochrome LCD screen, allowing users to input notes, contacts, and schedules that the system's software attempted to convert into typed text. This early implementation relied on simple touch detection rather than advanced pressure sensitivity, marking a foundational step in Apple's direct pen input efforts despite the recognition system's limitations at the time. The modern era of Apple's stylus technology commenced with the original Apple Pencil in 2015, launched alongside the first iPad Pro to enable precise drawing and note-taking on larger touch surfaces. This Bluetooth-enabled active stylus introduced pressure sensitivity with 4096 levels of granularity and tilt detection, simulating the natural feel of traditional pen and paper through advanced sensors that varied line weight and shading based on user input. It attached magnetically to the iPad for storage and charged via a Lightning connector, expanding creative workflows for artists and professionals. Subsequent iterations built on this foundation, with the (2nd generation) arriving in 2018 to add double-tap functionality on its flat side for quick tool switching, such as between a pen and eraser, without interrupting the creative flow. This model supported hover detection starting with the 2022 models (6th-generation 12.9-inch and 4th-generation 11-inch), allowing users to preview marks up to 12mm above the screen for more accurate placement. In 2023, Apple released the more affordable (USB-C) for entry-level iPads, retaining tilt sensitivity and low-latency precision but omitting pressure sensitivity and double-tap. The , unveiled in 2024, further advanced the line with squeeze gestures to summon tool palettes, barrel-roll rotation for brush orientation via a built-in , and haptic feedback for tactile confirmation during interactions like snapping to shapes. Compatible with the M4 and M2 iPad Air models, the Pro stylus integrates with Apple Intelligence features in , enhancing through improved Scribble conversion in apps. Official replacement tips are available in a 4-pack from Apple's online store at apple.com/shop, the Apple Store app, or physical Apple retail stores. At its core, the Apple Pencil employs active stylus technology powered by a rechargeable , communicating via to the iPad's display for sub-pixel accuracy and minimal latency under 9 milliseconds. Unlike passive systems, this setup requires periodic charging—up to 12 hours of use per full charge—but enables sophisticated features like and tilt mapping. The pairs seamlessly with iPadOS applications such as Procreate for digital illustration, where gestures like double-tap and squeeze streamline workflows, though it is exclusively designed for iPad touchscreens and incompatible with Mac trackpads or mice.

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