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Barry Clark Barish (born January 27, 1936) is an American experimental physicist and Nobel Laureate. He is a Linde Professor of Physics, emeritus at California Institute of Technology and a leading expert on gravitational waves.

Key Information

In 2017, Barish was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics along with Rainer Weiss and Kip Thorne "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves".[1][2][3][4] He said, "I didn't know if I would succeed. I was afraid I would fail, but because I tried, I had a breakthrough."[5]

In 2018, he joined the faculty at University of California, Riverside, becoming the university's second Nobel Prize winner on the faculty.[6]

In the fall of 2023, he joined Stony Brook University as the inaugural President's Distinguished Endowed Chair in Physics.[7]

In 2023, Barish was awarded the National Medal of Science by President Biden in a White House ceremony.[8]

Birth and education

[edit]

Barish was born in Omaha, Nebraska, the son of Lee and Harold Barish.[9] His parents' families were Jewish immigrants from a part of Poland that is now in Belarus.[10][11] Just after World War II, the family moved to Los Feliz in Los Angeles. He attended John Marshall High School and other schools.[12]

He earned a B.A. degree in physics (1957) and a Ph.D. degree in experimental high energy physics (1962) at the University of California, Berkeley.[13] He joined Caltech in 1963 as part of a new experimental effort in particle physics using frontier particle accelerators at the national laboratories. From 1963 to 1966, he was a research fellow, and from 1966 to 1991 an assistant professor, associate professor, and professor of physics. From 1991 to 2005, he became Linde Professor of Physics, and after that Linde Professor of Physics, emeritus.[14] From 1984 to 1996, he was the principal investigator of Caltech High Energy Physics Group.

Research

[edit]

Firstly, Barish's experiments were performed at Fermilab using high-energy neutrino collisions to reveal the quark substructure of the nucleon.[15] Among others, these experiments were the first to observe a current that was weak and neutral, a linchpin of the electroweak unification theories of Salam, Glashow, and Weinberg.[16]

In the 1980s, he directed MACRO, an experiment in a cave in Gran Sasso, Italy, that searched for exotic particles called magnetic monopoles and also studied penetrating cosmic rays, including neutrino measurements that provided important confirmatory evidence that neutrinos have mass and oscillate.[17]

In 1991, Barish was named the Maxine and Ronald Linde Professor of Physics at Caltech.

In the early 1990s, he spearheaded GEM (Gammas, Electrons, Muons), an experiment that would have run at the Superconducting Super Collider which was approved after the former project L* led by Samuel Ting (and Barish as chairman of collaboration board) was rejected by SSC director Roy Schwitters.[17][18] Barish was GEM spokesperson.

Barish became the principal investigator of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) in 1994 and director in 1997. He led the effort through the approval of funding by the NSF National Science Board in 1994, the construction and commissioning of the LIGO interferometers in Livingston, LA and Hanford, WA in 1997. He created the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, which now numbers more than 1000 collaborators worldwide to carry out the science.

The initial LIGO detectors reached design sensitivity and set many limits on astrophysical sources. The Advanced LIGO proposal was developed while Barish was director, and he has continued to play a leading role in LIGO and Advanced LIGO. The first detection of the merger of two 30 solar mass black holes was made on September 14, 2015.[19] This represented the first direct detection of gravitational waves since they were predicted by Einstein in 1916 and the first ever observation of the merger of a pair of black holes. Barish delivered the first presentation on this discovery to a scientific audience at CERN on February 11, 2016,[20] simultaneously with the public announcement.[21]

From 2001 to 2002, Barish served as co-chair of the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel subpanel that developed a long-range plan[22] for U.S. high energy physics. He has chaired the Commission of Particles and Fields and the U.S. Liaison committee to the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP). In 2002, he chaired the NRC Board of Physics and Astronomy Neutrino Facilities Assessment Committee Report, "Neutrinos and Beyond".

From 2005 to 2013, Barish was director of the Global Design Effort[23] for the International Linear Collider (ILC).[24] The ILC is the highest priority future project for particle physics worldwide, as it promises to complement the Large Hadron Collider at CERN in exploring the TeV energy scale. This ambitious effort is being uniquely coordinated worldwide, representing a major step in international collaborations going from conception to design to implementation for large scale projects in physics.

Honors and awards

[edit]
Barry C. Barish at Nobel Prize press conference in Stockholm, Sweden (December 2017)

In 2002, he received the Klopsteg Memorial Award[25] of the American Association of Physics Teachers. Barish was honored by the University of Bologna (2006)[26] and University of Florida ( 2007) where he received honorary doctorates. In 2007, delivered the Van Vleck lectures[27] at the University of Minnesota. The University of Glasgow honored Barish with an honorary degree of science in 2013.

Barish was honored as a Titan of Physics in the On the Shoulders of Giants[28] series at the 2016 World Science Festival.

In 2016, Barish received the Enrico Fermi Prize "for his fundamental contributions to the formation of the LIGO and LIGO-Virgo scientific collaborations and for his role in addressing challenging technological and scientific aspects whose solution led to the first detection of gravitational waves".[29]

Barish was a recipient of the 2016 Smithsonian magazine's American Ingenuity Award in the Physical Science category.[30]

Barish was awarded the 2017 Henry Draper Medal from the National Academy of Sciences "for his visionary and pivotal leadership role, scientific guidance, and novel instrument design during the development of LIGO that were crucial for LIGO's discovery of gravitational waves from colliding black holes, thus directly validating Einstein's 100-year-old prediction of gravitational waves and ushering a new field of gravitational wave astronomy."[31]

Barish was a recipient of the 2017 Giuseppe and Vanna Cocconi Prize[32] of the European Physical Society for his "pioneering and leading role in the LIGO observatory that led to the direct detection of gravitational waves, opening a new window to the Universe."

Barish was a recipient of the 2017 Princess of Asturias Award for his work on gravitational waves (jointly with Kip Thorne and Rainer Weiss).[33]

Barish was a recipient of the 2017 Fudan-Zhongzhi Science Award[34] for his leadership in the construction and initial operations of LIGO, the creation of the international LIGO Scientific Collaboration, and for the successful conversion of LIGO from small science executed by a few research groups into big science that involved large collaborations and major infrastructures, which eventually enabled gravitational-wave detection" (jointly with Kip Thorne and Rainer Weiss).[35]

In 2017, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics (jointly with Rainer Weiss and Kip Thorne) "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves".[1]

In 2018, Barish was honored as the Alumnus of the year by the University of California, Berkeley.[36]

In 2018, he received an honorary doctorate at Southern Methodist University.[37]

In 2018, he was conferred the Honorary Degree Doctor Honoris Causa of Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski.[38]

In 2023, he was awarded the inaugural the Copernicus Prize, bestowed by the government of Poland on "those who made exceptional contributions to the development of world science."[39]

In 2023, he was awarded the National Medal of Science[8] for "exemplary service to science, including groundbreaking research on sub-atomic particles. His leadership of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory led to the first detection of gravitational waves from merging black holes, confirming a key part of Einstein's Theory of Relativity. He has broadened our understanding of the universe and our Nation's sense of wonder and discovery."[40]

Barish has been elected to and held fellowship at the following organizations:

Family

[edit]

Barry Barish is married to Samoan Barish. They have two children, Stephanie Barish and Kenneth Barish, professor and chair of Physics & Astronomy at University of California, Riverside,[42] and three grandchildren, Milo Barish Chamberlin, Thea Chamberlin, and Ariel Barish.[43]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Barry Barish

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Barry Clark Barish (born January 27, 1936) is an American experimental physicist best known for his pivotal leadership in the project, which enabled the first direct observation of in 2015, confirming a key prediction of Einstein's general . Born in , to Jewish parents who immigrated from , Barish moved with his family to in 1946, where he developed an early interest in science and mathematics during his school years. He earned both his B.A. (1957) and Ph.D. (1962) in physics from the , initially drawn to the field after excelling in undergraduate courses amid the excitement of discovering new elementary particles. Barish joined the (Caltech) in 1963 as a postdoctoral and advanced through the ranks to become the Ronald and Maxine Linde of Physics, Emeritus, later serving as a at the (2018–2023) and as President's Distinguished Endowed Chair in Physics at (since 2023). Early in his career, he focused on experimental , contributing to high-energy experiments at facilities such as , , , and , where his work advanced understanding of structure, weak neutral currents, and the of . From 1994 onward, Barish served as and director of the project, transforming it from a nascent idea into a global collaboration that has grown to over 1,600 scientists and engineers across 131 institutions in 20 countries. Under his guidance, 's advanced laser interferometers were constructed and commissioned, culminating in the groundbreaking 2015 detection of from the merger of two black holes 1.3 billion light-years away. This achievement not only validated decades of theoretical work but also opened a new era of multi-messenger astronomy. For his decisive role in LIGO's success, Barish shared the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics with Rainer Weiss and Kip Thorne. He has received numerous other honors, including the 2016 Enrico Fermi Prize for forming the LIGO and LIGO-Virgo collaborations, the 2017 Princess of Asturias Prize for Technical and Scientific Research, election as a Foreign Member of the Royal Society in 2019, the 2023 National Medal of Science, election to the American Philosophical Society in 2025, and the IUPAP-TIFR Homi Bhabha Medal in 2025. Barish's work continues to influence gravitational-wave research and broader experimental physics.

Early Life and Education

Childhood and Family Background

Barry Barish was born on January 27, 1936, in , into a Jewish family whose forebears had immigrated from small shtetls in , specifically areas now in and , around 1900. His parents, neither of whom attended college, were part of this American-born generation; his mother came from the Shames family, born in St. Joseph, Missouri, while his father's relatives had homesteaded in before settling in , and eventually Omaha by 1929, where his maternal grandfather ran an auto repair shop and paternal kin operated a Ford dealership. The family relocated to , , shortly after , when Barish was about ten years old, settling in the Los Feliz neighborhood amid the postwar economic shifts. There, he grew up in a working-class, culturally Jewish household that valued education highly, encouraging both Barish and his younger brother (born in 1940) to pursue and professional careers such as or , despite the parents' own limited formal schooling. This immigrant heritage, marked by the challenges of adaptation in early 20th-century America, fostered a sense of resilience in the family. As a quiet and academically gifted child, Barish spent his early years in Omaha excelling in school, particularly , while enjoying reading and sports like football, , and . In Los Angeles public schools, including High School, he continued to thrive in math and literature, initially aspiring to a career in writing before shifting toward science. Though he showed no particular early interest in science, the combination of local educational opportunities and his family's emphasis on intellectual achievement laid the groundwork for his later pursuits. This foundation enabled his transition to academic studies at the , at age 17, as the first in his family to attend university.

Academic Training and Early Influences

Barish pursued his undergraduate studies at the University of California, Berkeley, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in physics in 1957. Barish initially entered Berkeley as an engineering student but switched to physics, finding engineering too formalized, which ignited his interest amid the era's particle physics discoveries. During this time, his interest in physics was ignited by the rapid discoveries of new elementary particles at particle accelerators, which fueled his passion for experimental particle physics. This fascination with the substructure of matter and high-energy interactions shaped his early academic focus, drawing him toward the cutting-edge research occurring at facilities like the Berkeley Bevatron. He continued at UC Berkeley for graduate studies, completing a PhD in physics in 1962. His doctoral thesis examined single production in pion-proton collisions, conducted using the accelerator, under the supervision of A. Carl Helmholz, then-chairman of the physics department. Helmholz's guidance not only honed Barish's skills in particle detectors and experimental techniques but also introduced him to the collaborative nature of high-energy physics research. Following his PhD, Barish held a research fellowship at UC Berkeley from 1962 to 1963, where he further developed his expertise in experimental high-energy physics. This postdoctoral period allowed him to refine his approach to accelerator-based experiments, building directly on his work and preparing him for advanced contributions in the field.

Scientific Career and Research

Early Work in Particle Physics

Barish joined the (Caltech) in the fall of 1963 as a , following the completion of his PhD in experimental at the , where his thesis examined single production in pion-proton collisions using the 184-inch . He advanced to in 1966, marking the beginning of his long-term affiliation with Caltech, where he focused on high-energy particle experiments. In the early 1970s, Barish co-led a pioneering experiment at (Experiment 21) with Frank Sciulli, utilizing a high-energy beam to probe processes. This work provided definitive proof for weak s, a key prediction of the electroweak theory underlying the , by detecting -induced interactions in hadronic targets. Additionally, the experiment's measurements of structure functions in -nucleon offered early confirmation of the , demonstrating the substructure of nucleons through scaling behaviors consistent with point-like constituents. These results, achieved with a narrow-band beam setup, significantly advanced the understanding of fundamental weak interactions and parton dynamics in high-energy physics. During the and , Barish served as the spokesperson for the MACRO experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in , which searched for magnetic monopoles—hypothetical particles predicted by grand unified theories that carry a single magnetic charge. The effort employed a large underground detector to scan for slowly moving monopoles in cosmic rays, setting stringent upper limits on their flux despite no detections. Barish also contributed to the planning and design of the in the late 1980s and early 1990s, serving as deputy director and later director of the SSC Laboratory from 1991. In 1990, he co-led the (Gammas, Electrons, Muons) detector design effort with , focusing on instrumentation for high-luminosity proton-proton collisions to explore . Although the SSC project was canceled in 1993, Barish's involvement highlighted his expertise in managing large-scale collaborations.

Leadership in Gravitational Wave Detection

In 1994, Barry Barish was appointed as the Principal Investigator for the project at the , taking over leadership at a critical juncture when the initiative faced significant organizational and financial hurdles. Under his guidance, Barish revised the project's proposal to the (NSF), expanding the team and addressing cost overruns that had threatened its viability since the early , ultimately securing renewed funding to proceed with construction of the initial detectors. Barish assumed the role of Director of the LIGO Laboratory in 1997, a position he held until 2005, during which he restructured the project to foster large-scale collaboration and technical advancement. That same year, he established the Scientific Collaboration (LSC), an international consortium initially comprising over 100 scientists from institutions beyond Caltech and MIT, designed to coordinate research, data analysis, and peer-reviewed publications while ensuring equitable participation in scientific decisions. This organizational shift transformed from a U.S.-centric effort into a global partnership, enabling the integration of diverse expertise to tackle the project's ambitious goals. Throughout his directorship and subsequent senior roles until 2013, Barish oversaw the development and implementation of the Advanced upgrades, a multi-phase enhancement program initiated in the early to boost the detectors' sensitivity by a factor of 10 over the initial configuration. These upgrades incorporated advanced laser interferometry techniques, including higher-power lasers, improved mirrors, and seismic isolation systems, allowing to measure minute strains on the order of 10−2110^{-21}—equivalent to detecting a change in the distance to the nearest star by the width of a human hair. The culmination of Barish's leadership came on September 14, 2015, when Advanced recorded its first direct detection of from the merger of two black holes approximately 1.3 billion light-years away, an event designated GW150914. This , verified through rigorous analysis by the LSC and announced publicly on , 2016, confirmed a key prediction of and opened the field of , with Barish's strategic oversight credited for navigating the project through decades of technical and budgetary obstacles to achieve this milestone.

Later Projects and Institutional Roles

Following his directorship of the project, which bridged into broader international leadership in high-energy physics, Barry Barish served as director of the Global Design Effort (GDE) for the (ILC) from 2005 to 2013. In this role, he coordinated a worldwide team of scientists to develop a comprehensive technical design for a proposed 31-kilometer linear electron-positron aimed at exploring , including properties and candidates. The effort culminated in the 2013 ILC Technical Design Report, which outlined a baseline energy of 500 GeV and emphasized superconducting radiofrequency technology for high luminosity. At the (Caltech), Barish held the position of Linde Professor of Physics from 1991 until assuming emeritus status in 2005. This transition allowed him to focus on large-scale collaborations while maintaining an active affiliation with Caltech's high-energy physics group. In 2018, he joined the (UCR) as Distinguished Professor of Physics and Astronomy, where he contributed to graduate education and research in . In fall 2023, Barish took on the inaugural President's Distinguished Endowed Chair in Physics at , enhancing the institution's focus on gravitational physics and particle accelerators. He also maintains an additional affiliation with , where he held the Fermi Chair of Physics in 2019–2020 and continues to collaborate on international projects. Barish remains engaged in enhancements to LIGO's sensitivity, advising on upgrades such as the A+ project, which incorporates squeezed light and improved coatings to extend detection ranges for . His contributions to cosmic ray physics, spanning decades of experiments on ultra-high-energy s and their interactions, earned him the 2025 IUPAP-TIFR Homi Bhabha Award, recognizing distinguished advancements in the field.

Awards and Honors

Nobel Prize and Gravitational Waves Recognition

In 2017, Barry Barish shared the with and Kip S. Thorne for their "decisive contributions to the detector and the observation of ." The prize, announced on October 3, 2017, by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, recognized Barish's leadership in guiding the project to fruition after decades of development. Specifically, Barish was honored for revitalizing in the as its , securing funding from the , overseeing the construction of the initial detectors from 1994 to 1999, and spearheading the upgrade to Advanced , which dramatically increased sensitivity and enabled the detection of on September 14, 2015. This breakthrough, along with subsequent detections, confirmed key predictions of Einstein's general by observing ripples in from events like mergers. The Nobel ceremony took place on December 10, 2017, in , , where Barish received his medal and diploma from King Carl XVI Gustaf. In his Nobel Lecture, delivered on December 8, 2017, at , Barish titled his talk "LIGO and II" and emphasized the collaborative essence of the achievement, highlighting the Scientific Collaboration's open model that involved over 1,200 scientists from more than 100 institutions worldwide. He described how this international effort transformed from a challenging into a network capable of multiple detections, including four binary black hole mergers by 2017 and the landmark neutron star merger , which ushered in the era of multimessenger astronomy. Barish's contributions to gravitational wave detection also earned him the 2016 Enrico Fermi Prize from the Italian Physical Society, shared with Adalberto Giazotto, for their fundamental roles in the first direct observation of and the discovery of systems. This award underscored Barish's pivotal work in forging the LIGO-Virgo collaborations and overcoming technological hurdles to achieve the 2015 detection.

Other Major Awards and Recognitions

Barish was elected to the in 2002. He received the Klopsteg Memorial Lecture Award (2002) from the American Association of Physics Teachers for his public lecture "Catching the Waves with ," recognizing outstanding communication of the excitement of contemporary physics to the general public. Barish shared the Special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics in 2016 with the LIGO team and other collaborators, recognizing their pioneering efforts in developing the and detecting . Barish received the Henry Draper Medal in 2017 from the , shared with Stanley Whitcomb, for outstanding investigations in astronomical physics through the LIGO project. He shared the Princess of Asturias Award for Technical & Scientific Research in 2017 with Rainer Weiss, Kip S. Thorne, and the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, honoring their decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves. In 2019, he was elected a Foreign Member of the , one of the world's oldest scientific academies, in acknowledgment of his exceptional contributions to . Barish was awarded the Copernicus Prize by the Government of Poland via the Ministry of Education and Science in 2022 for his leadership in advancing through the project. In 2023, President presented Barish with the at a ceremony, honoring his groundbreaking research on subatomic particles, including neutrinos, and his transformative leadership of the collaboration. Barish was elected a member of the in 2025, joining North America's oldest learned society in recognition of his lifetime achievements in physical sciences. That same year, he received the IUPAP-TIFR Homi Bhabha Medal at the International Cosmic Ray Conference in , awarded by the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics and the for his distinguished advancements in physics over an extended career.

Personal Life and Legacy

Family and Personal Interests

Barry Barish married Samoan Barish, a with a PhD in from the New Center for Psychoanalysis, in 1960 while at the . The couple has two children—a son, Kenneth Barish, who is a professor of physics and chair of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the —and a daughter, Stephanie Barish—as well as three grandchildren. Throughout Barish's demanding career, including his leadership role in the project, he maintained a balance between professional commitments and family life, with significant support from his wife, who pursued her own career in while managing family responsibilities during periods of intense travel and project challenges. Barish's personal interests include a strong appreciation for the of collaborative , emphasizing and international cooperation in large-scale research endeavors. He also pursues occasional reading on the history of , reflecting on the evolution of scientific discoveries and methodologies.

Influence on Physics Community

Barry Barish has mentored generations of physicists through his long-standing roles at key institutions, fostering talent in and research. At the (Caltech), where he served as Linde Professor of Physics until his emeritus status, Barish supervised numerous graduate students and postdocs, guiding them in high-precision and techniques central to major collaborations. His tenure at the (UCR), as Distinguished Professor of Physics since 2018, has emphasized hands-on training. Similarly, since joining as a in 2023, Barish has been praised for his inspirational and , influencing colleagues and students alike in advancing detector technologies. Through the Scientific Collaboration (LSC), which he founded in 1997, Barish established training programs that have educated hundreds of early-career scientists worldwide, including workshops on mentoring for LIGO personnel to build collaborative skills. Barish's advocacy has been instrumental in securing funding and support for large-scale international projects, shaping the landscape of . As director of the Laboratory from 1997 to 2006, he lobbied the effectively to sustain the project through initial setbacks, transforming it into a global endeavor that detected in 2015. Extending this leadership, Barish directed the Global Design Effort (GDE) for the (ILC) from 2005 to 2013, coordinating over 1,000 scientists from 50 countries to produce a comprehensive technical design report, which influenced international discussions on funding for future particle accelerators. He also chaired the Gravitational Wave International Committee (GWIC) from 1997 to 2003, promoting coordinated efforts among observatories like Virgo and , thereby advocating for sustained investment in multi-nation infrastructure. Barish advanced diversity in physics by pioneering the LSC's global collaboration model, which democratized access to cutting-edge research and integrated from underrepresented regions. Under his , the LSC grew from a small U.S.-based group to encompass over 1,600 members from 131 institutions across 20 countries, ensuring equitable participation by treating international partners as full collaborators rather than peripherals. This inclusive framework, which Barish deliberately structured to avoid hierarchical disparities, has broadened the field's demographics, drawing in diverse talent from institutions in , , and beyond, and setting a precedent for multinational projects in . Barish's legacy endures as a pivotal bridge between and , with his career trajectory exemplifying the integration of high-energy experimentation into cosmic-scale observations. Beginning with pioneering beam experiments at in the and , Barish transitioned in the to detection, applying particle physics rigor to LIGO's development and thereby unifying the subfields. His ongoing influence persists through 2025 affiliations, including his emeritus role at Caltech, professorship at Stony Brook, and distinguished position at UCR, where he continues to advise on detector upgrades. In June 2025, Barish received the IUPAP-TIFR Homi Bhabha Award in for his extended contributions to cosmic ray-related high-energy physics, underscoring his lasting impact on interdisciplinary advancements.

References

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  4. https://www.pma.caltech.edu/people/barry-c-barish
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  7. https://dcc.ligo.org/public/0190/M2300188/004/LSC_Program_2023.pdf
  8. https://nationalmedals.org/laureate/barry-c-barish
  9. https://news.stonybrook.edu/newsroom/press-release/general/stony-brook-university-professor-barry-barish-named-a-member-of-the-american-philosophical-society/
  10. https://insideucr.ucr.edu/awards/2025/06/11/physicist-recognized-contributions-cosmic-ray-physics
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  12. https://alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/winter-2017-power/big-science-action-nobel-laureate-barry-barish-helped-open-new/
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  15. https://history.fnal.gov/historical/experiments/nal_caltech_join.html
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  22. https://labcit.ligo.caltech.edu/~BCBAct/talks01/Morroco01/oujda_1a.PDF
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  24. https://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/april-2005/barry-barish-building-global-design-effort
  25. https://newsline.linearcollider.org/tag/gde/
  26. https://cnas.ucr.edu/celebrating-barry-barish
  27. https://www.uniroma1.it/en/notizia/barry-barish-physicist-who-discovered-gravitational-waves-hold-sapienza-fermi-chair-2019-20
  28. https://en.sif.it/prizes/fermi_award
  29. https://www.nasonline.org/member-directory?search=barish
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  32. https://breakthroughprize.org/Laureates/1/L3789
  33. https://www.nasonline.org/award/henry-draper-medal/
  34. https://www.fpa.es/en/princess-of-asturias-awards/laureates/2017-rainer-weiss-kip-s-thorne-barry-c-barish-and-la-colaboracion-cientifica-ligo/
  35. https://royalsociety.org/news/2019/04/royal-society-announces-2019-fellows/
  36. https://insideucr.ucr.edu/awards/2022/11/17/physicist-receive-copernicus-prize
  37. https://www.nsf.gov/honorary-awards/national-medal-science/recipients/barry-barish
  38. https://www.amphilsoc.org/news/aps-elects-new-members-2025
  39. https://www.zoominfo.com/p/Samoan-Barish/25853944
  40. https://aapcsw.org/news/awards/recipients_04-20-2015.html
  41. https://alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/spring-2018-edibles-and-potables/physics-foodstuffs-qa-nobel-laureate-barry/
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  43. https://lawrencekrauss.substack.com/p/barry-barish-exploring-the-history-29c
  44. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2017/barish/interview/
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