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British Rail Class 66
British Rail Class 66
British Rail Class 66
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British Rail Class 66
A Class 66 at Eastleigh
Type and origin
Power typeDiesel-electric
Builder
ModelJT42CWR[a]
Build date
  • 1998–2008
  • 2014–2015
Total produced480 from UK orders, excluding Series 66 imports
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • UICCo′Co′
 • CommonwealthCo-Co
Gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
BogiesEMD HTCR-E[1]
Length21.39 m (70 ft 2 in)[2]
Width2.63 m (8 ft 8 in)[3]
Height3.91 m (12 ft 10 in)[3]
Loco weight
  • Original specification:
  • 127 t (125 LT; 140 ST)[2]
  • UIC II and EU Stage IIIA spec.:
  • 129.6 t (128 LT; 143 ST)[1]
Fuel capacity
  • Original specification:
  • 8,180 L (1,799 imp gal; 2,161 US gal)[2]
  • UIC II and EU Stage IIIA spec.:
  • 5,670 L (1,247 imp gal; 1,498 US gal)[1]
Sandbox cap.EU Stage IIIA specification: 340 L (21,000 in3)
Prime mover
  • EMD 12N-710
  • Original specification:
  • 12N-710G3B-EC[2]
  • UIC II specification:
  • 12N-710G3B-U2
  • EU Stage IIIA specification:
  • 12N-710G3B-T2[1]
Engine typeTwo-stroke V12 diesel
AspirationTurbocharged
Displacement139.6 L (8,520 in3)
AlternatorEMD AR8/CA6[1]
Traction motors6 × EMD D43TRC[1]
MU workingAAR system[b]
Train heatingNone
Loco brakeAir
Train brakesWestinghouse air brake
Safety systems
CouplersScrew coupler
Performance figures
Maximum speed75 mph (120 km/h)[2]
Power output
  • Total: 2,400 kW (3,200 hp)
  • At rails: 1,850 kW (2,480 hp)
Tractive effort:
​
 • Starting409 kN (92,000 lbf)[1]
 • Continuous260 kN (58,000 lbf) at 15.9 mph (25.6 km/h)[1]
Brakeforce68 t (67 LT; 75 ST)
Career
Operators
Numbers
  • 66001–66250
  • 66301–66305
  • 66411–66434
  • 66501–66599
  • 66601–66625
  • 66701–66799
  • 66846–66850
  • 66951–66957
NicknamesShed,[5] Ying Ying[citation needed]
Axle load classRoute Availability 7
First run2 June 1998[6]
DispositionIn service
References to "UIC II" and "EU Stage IIA" relate to emissions control regulations set by the UIC and EU, respectively. In general, and without regard for subsequent modifications, locomotives ordered before 31 December 2002 will be original specification,[6] while those ordered after that date will be either UIC II or EU Stage IIA specification.

The British Rail Class 66 is a type of six-axle diesel-electric freight locomotive developed in part from the Class 59, for use on UK railways. Since its introduction the class has been successful and has been sold to British and other European railway companies. In Continental Europe it is marketed as the EMD Class 66 (JT42CWR).

History

[edit]

Background

[edit]

On the privatisation of British Rail's freight operations in 1996, Wisconsin Central Transportation Systems under the control of Ed Burkhardt bought a number of the newly privatised rail freight companies: Transrail Freight, Mainline Freight, Loadhaul, and later, Railfreight Distribution and Rail Express Systems; thus controlling 93% of UK rail freight. After a public relations exercise involving the input of the general public, the company was named English Welsh & Scottish Railway (EWS).[2]

EWS inherited a fleet of 1,600, mainly diesel, locomotives, with an average age of over 30 years; 300 had been cannibalised for spares. Typical of the fleet, the 2,580 hp (1,920 kW) Class 47s needed a major overhaul every seven years, costing £400,000; yet had an average daily availability of less than 65% with only 16 days between major failures. To enable it to offer its stated lower pricing to customers, EWS needed to reduce operating costs and increase availability.[2]

Order and specification

[edit]

After reviewing the existing privately commissioned Class 59, which was more powerful, highly reliable and with lower operating costs, EWS approached its builder Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD), then a division of General Motors. EMD offered their JT42CWR model, which had the same loading gauge-passing bodyshell as the Class 59. The engine and traction motors were different models to enable higher speeds, and the Class 66s incorporated General Motors' version of a "self-steering bogie" ("radial truck", in American usage), designed to reduce track wear and increase adhesion on curves.[2]

Placing what was termed as "the biggest British loco order since steam days",[2] EWS placed an order for 250 units in May 1996 to be built at the EMD plant in London, Ontario, Canada at a cost of £375 million. Financed by Locomotion Capital (later Angel Trains), the first locomotives were ready in early 1998; the fastest delivery of an all-new locomotive type by GM.[7][8] Initially, the locomotives were expected to be allocated the TOPS Class 61, the Class 66 designation was confirmed in July 1996.[9]

The EMD 710 12-cylinder diesel engine is a development of a two-stroke engine used for over 20 years, whilst the EM2000 control equipment is the same as that used on the Iarnród Éireann 201 Class. EWS reduced the locomotive's time into operation through specifying cab systems laid out like the Class 59, whilst increasing availability with a fuel tank of 8,180 litres (1,800 imp gal; 2,160 US gal) capacity, compared to 3,470 litres (760 imp gal; 920 US gal) on a standard Class 47.[2]

United Kingdom

[edit]
66125 in EWS livery at Eastleigh

The first locomotive shipped to the UK arrived at Immingham in June 1998,[8] taken to Derby for testing. The second was taken to AAR's Pueblo Test Centre for endurance testing, before shipping to the UK. The locomotives then shipped at a rate of 11 per month into the UK via Newport Docks, until the order was completed in December 2001. After unloading, EWS engineers then simply took off the tarpaulin, unblocked the suspension, and finally as each was shipped with water and fuel, connected the batteries, before starting the engine and handing the locomotive into service. The ability to simply start up '66s' on the dockside and drive them under their own power to depots to enter service was nothing short of a revelation compared with many other BR locomotives, particularly the British Rail Class 60s.[10][2]

Each locomotive is specified and guaranteed to 95% availability, aiming for a minimum of 180 days mean time between failures. It is designed to cover 1.6 million km between major rebuilds, equivalent to 18 years' service, with each major rebuild costed at £200,000.[2]

In 1998 Freightliner placed an order for locomotives. They were followed by GB Railfreight, and then Direct Rail Services. The last of more than 500 built over an 18-year period was No 66779, Evening Star, delivered to GB Railfreight in spring 2016.[11]

Although sometimes unpopular with many rail enthusiasts, due to their ubiquity and having caused the displacement of several older types of (mostly) British built locomotives, their high reliability has helped rail freight to remain competitive. Rail enthusiasts labelled the type "The Red Death" as they displaced many older types of locomotive[12] whilst also acquiring the nicknames of "sheds" for the EWS (now DBS) locomotives (due to their upturned roof looking like a shed roof)[5] with the Freightliner locomotives being called "Freds" as a portmanteau of Freightliner and Shed.[13]

Continental Europe

[edit]
Main article: EMD Series 66

The Class 66 design has also been introduced to Continental Europe where it is currently certified for operations in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, France, and Poland, with certification pending in the Czech Republic and Italy. They currently operate on routes in Sweden and Denmark and between Germany, Belgium, The Netherlands and Poland. As a result of its well-known British identity, EMD Europe markets the locomotive as "Series 66".

UK importation

[edit]

By 2011, following an increase in UK rail traffic after the 2008 Global Economic Crisis, EMD were struggling to source critical components of the locomotive — specifically castings. The final units of the Class 66 were produced in the London, Ontario plant that year following an industrial dispute and the introduction of new EU crash and emissions regulations which culminated in the cessation of production.

Due to a reduction in European freight volumes and migration of several operators to electric traction using multi-current locomotives such as the Alstom Traxx and Siemens Eurosprinter, since mid-2012, a number of EMD Series 66 locomotives have been imported by GBRf and converted to UK type specifications. To date:[14]

  • 2012: Three ex-Dutch locos, which have been numbered 66747–749. The former identities of these were DE6316, DE6313 and DE6315 respectively.
  • 2013: Two ex-German "Rush Rail" locomotives, which have been numbered 66750 and 66751. The former identities of these were DE6606 (also used in Sweden with the number T664025) and DE6609 (also 2906) respectively
  • 2019: Three ex-Swedish locomotives, which have been numbered 66790–792. The former identities of these were T66403, T66404 and T66405 respectively.
  • 2024: Eleven locomotives from France, which have been numbered 66306–316.[15]

Emission compliance

[edit]

Numbers 66752-779 were the last Class 66s ordered for service in Great Britain because of increasingly stringent emission regulations. 66779 was the last Class 66 ever to be built. Although the Class 66s meet stage 3a of the regulations, they do not meet stage 3b. Stage 3b would have required additional exhaust treatment equipment that could not easily be accommodated within the UK loading gauge. The same restrictions apply to the Class 68 and Class 70. The restriction does not apply to second-hand locomotives, provided that they are imported from within the European Union. The purpose of the regulation was to put a cap on the total number of non-compliant locomotives in the EU.[16]

Current operators

[edit]

Class 66 operators in Great Britain are:

DB Cargo UK

[edit]
Class 66 locomotive 66034 in DB livery at Didcot Parkway

DB Cargo UK bought out EWS. Their Class 66 fleet includes four locomotives capable of banking heavy trains over the Lickey Incline. On these specific locomotives, the knuckle coupler has been modified to allow remote releasing from inside the cab, whilst in motion. It also includes fifteen locomotives fitted with RETB signalling equipment, for working in northern Scotland and RETB-fitted branchlines.[17] A few DB Cargo UK Class 66s are now working in Europe as part of DB Cargo France and DB Cargo Polska.[18]

GB Railfreight

[edit]
GB Railfreight 66744 waiting at Victoria station.

GB Railfreight initially leased seventeen Class 66/7 locomotives, before increasing its fleet to 32. During April 2006 five more low-emission locomotives (numbered 66718-722) were delivered, liveried for use on the Metronet/Transport for London contracts. A further order for five more locomotives (66723-727) was delivered in early 2007, and another five locomotives (66728–732) in April 2008. 66733-746 are formed of Class 66s from Direct Rail Services, Freightliner and Colas Rail. In 2011 66720 was painted in a special "Rainbow" livery.[19] In June 2012, 66734 derailed at Loch Treig whilst working 6S45 North Blyth–Fort William and was consequently cut up on site and scrapped.[20]

In September 2013, GB Railfreight announced a new order of a further 8 Class 66/7 locomotives from EMD, the first of the class to be built at EMD's Muncie, Indiana plant. On 2 February GBRf ordered a further 13 locomotives. These 21 locomotives are numbered 66752–772.[21] Numbers 66752–756 were shipped from America and arrived at Newport Docks in July 2014. No. 66752 has been named The Hoosier State, a nickname for Indiana.[22] A further seven locomotives (66773–779) were later added to the fleet, utilising six power units that had been in the UK, plus one recovered from the scrapped 66734. The presence of these power units in the UK circumvented European emission compliance regulations and permitted them to be exported to EMD Muncie for installation in further class 66 bodyshells.[citation needed]

The final Class 66 built, 66779, remained under a tarpaulin until 10 May 2016 when it was revealed at the NRM York with a special livery and nameplates to commemorate the fact it is the final Class 66 ever built for the British market.[11][23] The locomotive has been painted in BR Lined Green and named Evening Star, in reference to BR Standard Class 9F 92220 Evening Star which was the last BR steam locomotive to be built. It was unveiled in a special ceremony inside the Great Hall at the National Railway Museum in York on 10 May 2016 before staying there opposite its namesake, No. 92220, for two weeks. At the same ceremony, the CEO of GBRf, John Smith, handed the curator of the National Railway Museum a document offering 66779 to the national collection when it is retired in about 40 years time.[24]

In addition to those locomotives sourced from domestic operators (Direct Rail Services, Freightliner, Colas Rail and DB Cargo UK), eight further locomotives have been obtained from European operators. A further five have been purchased from Heavy Haul Power International and will be transferred from Germany beginning in April 2021. The locos will go to Doncaster to be converted to UK specification.[25]

Former operators

[edit]
66305 in Fastline livery in the snow

Former Class 66 operators include:

Fastline operated intermodal services between Doncaster and Birmingham International Railfreight Terminal (BIFT), and Thamesport, in North Kent, using refurbished Class 56 locomotives. The company ordered five Class 66/3 locomotives to operate a coal flow from Hatfield Colliery, which were delivered in 2008.[26][27]

Following the demise of Jarvis in 2010, and Fastline going into administration on 29 March 2010,[28] these locomotives were placed in storage, being towed to Direct Rail Services' Carlisle Kingmoor and Crewe Gresty Lane depots for storage. During 2011, DRS repainted the five ex-Fastline locomotives and added them to their own fleet, keeping their original numbers.[citation needed]

Future operators

[edit]

In January 2026, DB Cargo UK announced that it was to sell 25 locomotives to Bulgarian operator Grup Ferovar Roman. The locomotives include 66006, 66009, 66014, 66024, 66027, 66040, 66047, 66069, 66075, 66076, 66080, 66085, 66086, 66087, 66089, 66095, 66110, 66111, 66115 and 66197.[29]

Driver reception

[edit]

The British train drivers' union ASLEF has complained that the locomotives are unfit and unsafe to work in, citing excessive heat, noise levels and poor seating.

In April 2007, ASLEF proposed a ban on their members driving the locomotives during the British summer 2007 period. Keith Norman, ASLEF's general secretary, described the cabs as "unhealthy, unsafe and unsatisfactory". Research showed that in July 2006, when the weather had been extremely hot, the number of incidents where a driver had passed a signal at danger (SPAD) increased.[30] EWS entered into discussions and made amendments to a series of trial locomotives,[30] GB Railfreight and Freightliner also investigated cab improvements.[31] In June 2007, progress on the issue led ASLEF to withdraw its threat of industrial action.[32]

In Norway, CargoNet related complaints about the noise levels in the CD66 variant of the Class 66 resulted in higher pay rates for drivers.[33]

Accidents and incidents

[edit]
66 048 lies in the snow and trees following the Carrbridge derailment.
  • On 4 January 2010, a freight train, hauled by 66048, derailed at Carrbridge in snowy weather, blocking the Highland Main Line.[37] Having passed a signal at danger the train was derailed at trap points,[38] subsequently falling down an embankment into trees and injuring the two crew members. The locomotive was hauling container flats from Inverness to Mossend Yard on behalf of Stobart Rail.[39] The line was reopened on 12 January.[40]
  • On 21 November 2011, 66111 derailed between Exeter Central and Exeter St Davids on working an engineering works service.[41]
  • On 28 June 2012, GBRf operated 66734 derailed at Loch Treig whilst working the 6S45 North Blyth to Fort William Alcan Tanks.[42] Due to its position and the environmental risks associated with recovery, after agreement from owners Porterbrook it was cut-up on site and the mechanics recycled as spare parts.[43][44]
  • On 1 August 2015, 66428 was hauling an engineering train that ran into the rear of another engineering train at Logan, Ayrshire. It was severely damaged.[45] The train that was run into was hauled by 66305.[46]
  • On 14 August 2017, 66713 was hauling a freight train that derailed near Ely, due to defective suspension on the wagon that was first to derail. The railway between Ely and Peterborough was closed for a week.[47]
  • On 4 September 2018, 66230 was hauling a freight train which collided with a vehicle on a level crossing at Dollands Moor Freight Yard, Kent. One cab was extensively damaged in the post-impact fire.[48] The locomotive was stored in Toton TMD.[citation needed]
  • On 23 January 2020, 66154 was hauling a freight train which derailed at Wanstead Park and ran for 2.5 miles (4.0 km) before stopping near Walthamstow Queen's Road station.[49]
  • On 23 March 2020, 66057 ran through a buffer stop at the end of a siding at Bromsgrove and was derailed. The derailment caused the locomotive to foul the main line, and a Class 170 diesel multiple unit, unit number 170 107, collided with the derailed locomotive at around 85 miles per hour (137 km/h). No one was injured.[50] The driver of the locomotive was subsequently convicted of an offence contrary to the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974. He was sentenced to 8 months' imprisonment, suspended for 18 months.[51]
  • On 11 November 2020, 66603 was hauling a freight train that derailed at Sheffield.[52] The derailment was caused by broken rail fastenings which allowed the track to spread.[53]
  • On 19 August 2021, 66754 was hauling a freight train which collided with a tractor on a level crossing between March and Whittlesea in Cambridgeshire. The locomotive and three wagons were derailed.[54][55]
  • On 24 December 2021, 66779, working a train from Hams Hall (near Birmingham) to London Gateway derailed on the down Thames Haven line while on the approach to the port near to Stanford-le-Hope in Essex.[56][57]
  • On 5 July 2022, 66729 was hauling a freight train that passed a signal at danger and ran into the rear of another freight train near Loversall Carr Jn, Doncaster.[58]
  • On 19 October 2022 66739 was hauling a loaded cement train from Clitheroe Castle Cement Gb to Carlisle N.Y. when eight wagons derailed at Petteril Bridge Junction with one crashing into the River Petteril and one half way down the embankment.[59]
  • On 5 April 2024, 66776 passed a red signal and was derailed at West Ealing.[60]

Sub-classes

[edit]

Minor differences between different orders, and different operating companies have resulted in a number of subclasses being defined.[citation needed]

Subclass Quantity Loco nos. Operators Comments
Class 66/0[8] 223
  • 66001–007
  • 66009–015
  • 66017–030
  • 66032–045
  • 66047
  • 66049–057
  • 66059–080
  • 66082–090
  • 66092–107
  • 66109–121
  • 66123–125
  • 66127–131
  • 66133–140
  • 66142–146
  • 66148
  • 66150-155
  • 66157-160
  • 66162-163
  • 66165-166
  • 66168-170
  • 66172-182
  • 66183
  • 66185-193
  • 66195–220
  • 66222-229
  • 66231–237
  • 66239–249
 DB Cargo UK
  • The original order of 250.[8]
  • 65 locomotives were transferred to subsidiary Euro Cargo Rail during the English, Welsh & Scottish Railways era: 66010, 66022, 66026, 66028, 66029, 66032, 66033, 66036, 66038, 66042, 66045, 66049, 66052, 66062, 66064, 66071–073, 66123, 66179, 66190, 66191, 66193, 66195, 66201–205, 66208–220, 66222–226, 66228, 66229, 66231–236, 66239–247, 66249.[18]
  • 15 locomotives have been sent to the Polish division of the DB Cargo group, DB Cargo Polska: 66146, 66153, 66157, 66159, 66163, 66166, 66173, 66178, 66180, 66189, 66196, 66220, 66227, 66237, 66248.[18]
  • Others make regular visits to the UK for attention at Toton depot.
  • In December 2017 the company sold ten of its domestic fleet Class 66s to GB Railfreight: 66008, 66016, 66046, 66058, 66081, 66132, 66141, 66184, 66238 and 66250. These were reclassified as Class 66/7 and renumbered 66780–789.[61]
  • 66048 was withdrawn in 2016 following an accident at Carrbridge[62]
  • 66230 is in storage at Toton TMD following an accident at Dollands Moor.[citation needed]
5
  • 66031
  • 66091
  • 66108
  • 66122
  • 66126
 Direct Rail Services On long-term lease from DB Cargo UK, all in DRS livery.[citation needed]
Class 66/3 16
  • 66301–305
  • 66306–316
 GB Railfreight
  • Originally ordered by Fastline Freight.
  • Imported from France.[15]
Class 66/4 10 66411–420 Freightliner Acquired from Direct Rail Services in 2011. 66411, 66412 & 66417 exported for use by Freightliner PL.[18]
14 66421-434 Direct Rail Services Intended use is on intermodal traffic. Occasionally used on nuclear flask traffic.[8]
Class 66/5 81
  • 66501–520
  • 66522–526
  • 66528–529
  • 66531–534
  • 66536–572
  • 66585
  • 66587–594
  • 66596–599
 Freightliner
Class 66/6 28
  • 66601–607
  • 66610
  • 66613–623
  • Top speed of 65 mph (105 km/h) – reduced gearing to cope with heavier oil, aggregates and cement trains.[8]
  • 66608, 66609, 66611, 66612, 66624 and 66625 have been exported to Poland, the operating subsidiary Freightliner PL.[18]
10 66651-660 DB Cargo UK
  • 66/0s regeared from February 2024 to replace the remaining DB class 60s in service: 66221/164/194/149/167/156/183/147/171/161 becoming 66651-660 respectively[63]
4 66687

66689 66693 66694[64]

GB Railfreight
  • 66687/689 regeared from 66777/779
  • 66693/694 renumbered from 66793/794[64]
Class 66/7[65] 99[65] 66701–776, 66778, 66780-792, 66795-799[66][64] GB Railfreight Operates on coal, intermodal services and also engineering / departmental work for Transport for London and Network Rail on London Underground and National Rail lines.[8]
  • 66734 was cut up on site after it was involved in a serious derailment at Loch Treig. However, a 'new' 66734 is now part of the GBRf fleet, with this locomotive replacing the original.[65]
  • 66733–737 were formerly Direct Rail Services 66401–405.[citation needed]
  • 66738–741 were formerly Freightliner 66578–581.[citation needed]
  • 66742–746 were formerly Colas Rail 66841–845 and prior to that were numbered 66406–410 when with Direct Rail Services.[citation needed]
  • 66747–749 are a former Dutch fleet converted at the Midland Railway Centre.[14]
  • 66750 and 66751 are former Beacon Rail locos from mainland Europe. Converted at the EMD Longport.[14]
  • 66780–789 were formerly DB Cargo UK 66008, 016, 046, 058, 081, 132, 141, 184, 238 and 250.[citation needed]
  • 66790–792 were imported by Beacon Rail from Sweden. Converted at the EMD Longport.[67]
  • 66793–799 were imported by Beacon Rail from mainland Europe.[66]
Class 66/8 5 66846–850 Colas Rail Formerly Freightliner 66573–577.
Class 66/9 7 66951–957 Freightliner A lower emission variant – fuel capacity reduced to compensate for the increased weight of other components.[8]

Names

[edit]
Number Name Operator Notes
66005 Maritime Intermodal One DB Cargo UK [68]
66035 Resourceful Unveiled at the 2018 Severnside Open Day.[69]
66047 Maritime Intermodal Two [68]
66051 Maritime Intermodal Four [68]
66090 Maritime Intermodal Six [68]
66091 accurascale Named after the model railway company at the DB Cargo UK Rail 200 Heritage Weekend at Midland Railway – Butterley in July 2025[70]
66100 Armistice 100 (1918-2018) [71]
66142 Maritime Intermodal Three [68]
66148 Maritime Intermodal Seven [68]
66162 Maritime Intermodal Five [68]
66175 Rail Riders Express Named at Toton on 20 March 2020.[72]
66190 Martin House Children's Hospice [73]
66200 The Jeremy Vine Show Named at The Greatest Gathering in Derby after the famous BBC Radio 2 presenter.[74]
66301 Drax Power Station 50 Years GB Railfreight [75]
66307 Ipswich Town [76]
66308 Signalman Willie Taylor Named on 1 May 2024 at Carlisle Station to mark 40 years since he prevented a fatal rail collision.[77]
66413 Lest We Forget (denamed) Freightliner Name transferred to 66623 in 2023.[78]
66415 You Are Never Alone [79]
66418 Patriot Named in 2016 in honour of the 20,000 railwaymen that lost their lives in the First World War.[80]
66419 Lionesses' Roar Named in honour of the England women's national football team.[81]
66421 Gresty Bridge TMD Direct Rail Services Previously carried by 20305.[82]
66422 Max Joule Name unveiled at the 2022 Direct Rail Services Open Day.[83]
66424 Driver Paul Scrivens [84]
66425 Nigel J Kirchstein [85]
66428 Carlisle Eden Mind [86]
66429 Charlie Brise Named after a former DRS employee and TSSA union representative.[87]
66431 Kingmoor TMD [87]
66433 Carlisle Power Signal Box [88]
66501 Spirit of 65 – Celebrating 60 years of Freightliner Freightliner Named in March 2025 to celebrate 60 years of Freightliner.[89]
66503 The Railway Magazine Named in 2004 with another plate (Celebrating 125 years 1897–2022) added below in 2022 to celebrate the magazine's anniversary.[90]
66508 City of Doncaster [78]
66509 Josiah's Wish [91]
66522 East London Express (denamed) [79]
66526 Steve Dunn (denamed) Named after freight driver who was killed in the Selby rail crash.[92][78]
66528 Madge Elliot MBE (Borders Railway 2015) Named after veteran rail campaigner Madge Elliot.[93][79]
66533
  • Hanjin Express /
  • Senator Express
 Different name carried each side.[79]
66534 OOCL Express Named on 21 November 2001 at Manchester.[94]
66540 Ruby [95]
66552 Maltby Raider Named in 2004 to celebrate Freightliner's achievement of 0.75 million tonnes of coal from Maltby Main Colliery.[96]
66587 As One We Can Named and repainted in Ocean Network Express' (ONE) pink livery in 2019 to celebrate Freightliner's partnership with ONE.[97]
66594 NYK Spirit of Kyoto [79]
66614 Poppy Named in 2016 in honour of the 20,000 railwaymen that lost their lives in the First World War[80]
66619 Derek W Johnson MBE Named after Chairman of Johnson Stevens Agencies Ltd.[98]
66623 Lest We Forget Name transferred from 66413 in 2023.[78]
66701 Whitemoor (denamed) GB Railfreight Named on 23 May 2004 at Whitemoor depot.[99]
66705 Golden Jubilee Additionally carried a Union Jack in its livery until 2016.[100]
66706 Nene Valley [101]
66708 Glory to Ukraine Named on 6 April 2022 and partially painted in the colours of the Flag of Ukraine.[102]
66709 Sorrento Named and repainted in Mediterranean Shipping Company's corporate colours in 2012 to celebrate the 10-year partnership anniversary with GB Railfreight.[103]
66710 Karen Harrison Named at the Greatest Gathering after the first woman in Britain to be appointed as a train driver.[74]
66711 Sence [104]
66713 The Forest City Named in reference to the Class 66's birthplace in London, Ontario.[105][better source needed]
66714 Cromer Lifeboat [106][better source needed]
66715 Valour [107][better source needed]
66716 Locomotive & Carriage Institution 1911-2011 Named on the Nene Valley Railway.[108]
66718 Peter, Lord Hendy of Richmond Hill of Imber in the County of Wiltshire Originally named Sir Peter Hendy CBE in 2013, it was repainted in a black livery with the current name adopted in May 2023.[109]
66719 Michael Portillo Named at the Greatest Gathering after the British journalist and broadcaster that hosted railway documentaries such as Great British Railway Journeys and Great Continental Railway Journeys.[74]
66720 Wascosa [110]
66721 Harry Beck Named after the designer of London Underground's Tube map.[111]
66723 ZA723 Chinook Named after the helicopter in 2008.[112]
66725 Sunderland [76]
66726 Sheffield Wednesday [113]
66728 Institution of Railway Operators [114]
66729 Derby County [115]
66731 Capt. Tom Moore – A True British Inspiration Named in April 2020 in honour of the 100th birthday of Captain Tom Moore.[116]
66733 Cambridge PSB [117][better source needed]
66734 Platinum Jubilee Repainted in purple livery in 2022 and named to commemorate the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II.[118]
66736 Wolverhampton Wanderers [119]
66738 Huddersfield Town [76]
66739 Bluebell Railway [120]
66740 Sarah Named after Sarah Whurr in 2014, working for GBRF's finance team.[121][better source needed]
66741 Swanage Railway [122][better source needed]
66742 Port of Immingham Centenary 1912-2012 Unveiled by Michael Portillo.[123]
66744 Crossrail [124]
66747 Made in Sheffield [125]
66748 St Michael's Mount Named and repainted in the "Belmond Britannic Explorer" luxury livery and named in honor of the famous tidal island landmark in Cornwall.[126]
66749 Christopher Hopcroft MBE [127]
66750 Bristol Panel Signal Box [128]
66751 Inspiration Delivered [129]
66752 The Hoosier State A nickname for the American state of Indiana.[22]
66753 EMD Roberts Road [130]
66754 Northampton Saints Named at Wellingborough Aggregates Terminal on 22 April 2015.[131]
66755 Tony Berkeley OBE [132]
66756 Royal Corps of Signals [133]
66757 West Somerset Railway [134]
66758 The Pavior Named in honour of the Worshipful Company of Paviors.[135]
66761 Wensleydale Railway Association 25 years 1990 - 2015 Named on 17th July 2015 to honour 25 years of the Wensleydale Railway Association. The locomotive spent a weekend after the naming ceremony hauling passenger services on the 22 mile heritage railway.[136]
66763 Severn Valley Railway [137]
66764 Major John Poyntz Engineer and Railwayman Named on 16 June 2021 in honour of last RE Inspector of Railways.[138]
66765 Julie Carn [139]
66766 Gail Richardson [139]
66767 King’s Cross PSB 1971–2021 Named on 25 April 2021 at Kings Cross station.[140]
66769 League Managers Association Carries the Prostate Cancer UK logo. Named in August 2021.[141]
66770 Darius Cheskin [87]
66771 Amanda Named in a ceremony at Cleethorpes station in August 2019 in honour of staff member Amanda Wilson.[142]
66772 Maria Named in a ceremony at Cleethorpes station in August 2019 in honour of staff member Maria Dennison.[142]
66773 Pride of GB Railfreight Name chosen by Matthew Parris in recognition of LGBT+ employees across the rail industry.[143]
66775 HMS Argyll Named in a ceremony at HMNB Devonport in July 2017.[144]
66778 Cambois Depot 25 Years [145]
66779 Evening Star Last class 66 to be built. Gifted to the NRM.[146]
66780 The Cemex Express [147][148]
66781
  1. Darius Cheskin[87]
  2. Ratcliffe Power Station
  1. Previously carried by 66778.[149]
  2. Named 28 June 2024, to commemorate the last coal train to Ratcliffe-on-Soar.[150]
66783 The Flying Dustman Named in March 2018 to mark the partnership between Biffa and GB Railfreight.[151]
66784 Keighley & Worth Valley Railway [152][page needed]
66785 John Ellis [153]
66786 Cambridge University Railway Club [154]
66787 Three Bridges ASC [155][better source needed]
66789 British Rail 1948-1997 Named to commemorate the 70th anniversary of British Rail and painted in BR 'large logo' blue.[156][better source needed]
66790 Louise [157]
66791 Settle & Carlisle 150 To celebrate 150 years of freight on the Settle to Carlisle line[158]
66792 Collaboration [159]
66794 Steve Hannam [160][better source needed]
66795 Bescot LDC Named in October 2021 following the completion of an upgrade to the Bescot Local Distribution Centre.[161][162]
66796 The Green Progressor Named in September 2021.[163]
66798 Justine [157]
66799 Modern Railways Diamond Jubilee [164]
66847 Terry Baker Freightliner [165][better source needed]
66849 Wylam Dilly [166]
66850 David Maidment OBE [167][better source needed]
66957 Stephenson Locomotive Society 1909–2009 GB Railfreight Named at Shildon, on 30 March 2009, as part of the Stephenson Locomotive Society's 100th anniversary celebrations.[168]

Models

[edit]

In 2006, Hornby Railways launched its first version of the BR Class 66 in OO gauge range in a variety of liveries.[169]

In 2008, Bachmann produced a OO gauge model of 66411 Eddie the Engine in DRS Stobart livery.[170] In 2013, following on from Bachmann's OO gauge EWS and Freightliner liveried models of the Class 66, Bachmann introduced a DCC-ready version of 66846 in Colas Rail livery.[171]

Since 2019, Hattons have offered a variety of paint schemes for their class 66 model in OO gauge.[172]

Both Graham Farish[173] and Dapol produce models of the Class 66 for British N gauge.[174]

In 2008, Aristocraft introduced a G scale version of the Class 66 in GB Railfreight livery[175][176] and in Freightliner livery.[177]

Notes

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References

[edit]

Further reading

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[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

British Rail Class 66

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from Grokipedia
The Class 66 is a six-axle Co-Co diesel-electric freight locomotive manufactured by Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD), a division of (now part of ), primarily for heavy freight operations on the UK's rail network and in . Introduced in 1998 as an evolution of the earlier Class 59 to address reliability issues with aging British locomotives like the Class 47, it was initially ordered in large numbers by English, Welsh & Scottish Railway (EWS) to modernize freight haulage post-privatization. Powered by a 12-cylinder EMD 710G3B two-stroke turbocharged delivering 2,462 kW (3,300 hp) at and 1,850 kW at the rail, the Class 66 achieves a maximum speed of 75 mph (120 km/h) while providing high of 409 kN starting and 260 kN continuous at 25.6 km/h. Its design incorporates DC traction motors, a 6,400-liter , and modifications for loading gauge and track conditions, including radial steering trucks to minimize wear, resulting in exceptional reliability with a casualty rate improved to 1 per 77,000 miles compared to predecessors. Over 500 units have been produced since 1998, with the final example built in 2016, making it the most numerous modern class in Britain and a staple for intermodal, aggregates, and bulk freight services operated by companies like Freightliner and . The class's success stems from its high availability (guaranteed at 95%) and versatility, with variants including the 66/0 , 66/4 for Freightliner with enhanced cooling, and 66/6 subclass limited to 65 mph for heavier haulage; it has also been exported and adapted for European networks, influencing EMD's broader heavy freight offerings. Despite facing competition from newer designs like GE's PowerHaul locomotives, the Class 66 remains dominant in freight, hauling diverse loads across most categories and benefiting from ongoing maintenance support by .

Overview and Specifications

Introduction

The Class 66 is a Co-Co diesel-electric freight developed by ' Electro-Motive Division (EMD) specifically for heavy haulage duties on the UK's rail network. It evolved as a successor to the Class 59, incorporating refinements to meet European loading gauges and operational needs while retaining the robust technology proven in North American service. Built primarily at EMD's facility in LaGrange, , with additional production in , the Class 66 has become a cornerstone of modern freight operations due to its reliability and versatility. The locomotive's introduction marked a significant in UK freight infrastructure, beginning with an initial order placed in May 1996 by the English, Welsh & Scottish Railway (EWS) for 250 units, valued at £350 million and described as the largest locomotive order since the steam era. This fleet was intended to replace aging Classes 47 and 58 locomotives, providing enhanced power and efficiency for intermodal and bulk freight services across the privatized rail system. Over time, subsequent orders from various operators expanded production, resulting in a total of 480 units delivered for UK use, making the Class 66 one of the most numerous diesel classes in the country. Beyond the , the Class 66 design has seen widespread adoption in for similar heavy freight roles, with exports supporting operators in countries like , , and the . Its enduring presence underscores EMD's successful adaptation of American locomotive engineering to European standards, ensuring sustained performance in demanding cross-border .

Technical Specifications

The British Rail Class 66 is a six-axle featuring a Co-Co , with power distributed across six axles via two three-axle bogies equipped with EMD Hi-Ad high-adhesion designs. It is powered by a single EMD 12-710G3B 12-cylinder, two-stroke, turbocharged rated at 3,300 hp (2,462 kW) at 904 rpm. Key dimensions include an overall length of 21.4 m, width of 2.65 m, and height of 3.91 m, while the operating weight is 129.6 tonnes with an of 21.6 tonnes, ensuring compatibility with UK Route Availability 7 infrastructure. The electrical system comprises an AR10 generating three-phase , which is rectified to DC and supplied to six axle-hung D43TRC traction motors, one per , enabling a maximum speed of 120 km/h (75 mph). Fuel capacity stands at 6,400 litres in standard configurations, supporting extended operations with efficiency features such as automatic engine stop-start to reduce idling consumption. The braking system utilizes compressed air brakes, including direct and automatic controls for train and locomotive functions, with provisions for via the traction motors for enhanced retardation on gradients.
SpecificationDetail
Wheel ArrangementCo-Co
Prime MoverEMD 12-710G3B (12-cylinder, 2,462 kW)
Length21.4 m
Width2.65 m
Height3.91 m
Weight129.6 tonnes
Axle Load21.6 tonnes
Traction Motors6 × D43TRC (DC)
Top Speed120 km/h (75 mph)
Fuel Capacity6,400 L
Sub-classes like the 66/6 incorporate reinforced bogies for increased starting while maintaining core specifications.

Performance Characteristics

The British Rail Class 66 delivers a maximum starting of 409 kN and a continuous of 260 kN at 25.6 km/h, enabling robust performance in demanding freight operations. This capability stems from its 1,850 kW power output at the wheel rim, provided by the EMD 12-710G3B , which supports efficient power delivery across varied load conditions. Fuel efficiency for the Class 66 is approximately 201 g/kWh at full and intermediate loads, reflecting the engine's optimized combustion and turbocharging, though idling rises to 402 g/kWh due to the two-stroke design. The locomotive achieves a 95% availability rate, with a mean time between failures of at least 180 days, contributing to its high operational reliability in freight networks. In terms of , the Class 66 can manage up to 3,000 on level track, making it well-suited for intermodal containers and bulk freight such as aggregates or . Its tractive effort-speed characteristics allow sustained performance on gradients up to 10‰ with 1,800-2,400 trains, as demonstrated in operational curves. The reaches a top speed of 75 mph (120 km/h), with from 0 to 75 mph achievable in under 60 seconds when loaded, supporting timely freight schedules on mixed-traffic routes.

Design and Development

Background and Origins

The Class 66 originated as a direct evolution of the highly successful Class 59 diesel-electric freight locomotive, which had been introduced in 1990 to address reliability issues in heavy haul operations. Built by Electro-Motive Division (EMD), the Class 59 demonstrated superior performance and availability compared to contemporary British designs, prompting further development for broader adoption in the European freight market. The Class 66 retained the core bodyshell and six-axle Co-Co configuration of its predecessor but incorporated refinements to enhance efficiency and standardization. In the mid-1990s, following the of under the Railways Act 1993, the freight sector faced significant challenges, including an aging fleet with low availability rates—often below 70% for classes like the Class 47—and increasing competition from . The newly formed English, Welsh & Scottish Railway (EWS), which acquired the majority of UK rail freight operations in 1996, identified a pressing need for a modern, standardized capable of hauling heavier trains at speeds up to 75 mph while minimizing maintenance costs. This market demand drove the conceptualization of the Class 66 as a versatile workhorse suited to the post- landscape, with EWS placing its initial order in May 1996. The design drew heavily from North American EMD architectures, particularly the SD70 series, but was adapted to meet European requirements, including compliance with the smaller loading gauge and stricter emissions standards. Key modifications included the adoption of a 12-cylinder EMD 710-series prime mover for improved fuel efficiency over the Class 59's 16-cylinder unit, along with high-traction radial bogies to handle varied track conditions and integrated on-train monitoring systems for regulatory adherence. These adaptations ensured the locomotive's compatibility with continental European networks while prioritizing reliability for cross-border freight. Development progressed to prototype stage in 1997, with the first unit (66001) under construction at EMD's facility starting in May of that year, focusing on integration of UK-specific safety and braking systems. Initial testing occurred in to validate the adapted design, followed by preparations for UK network trials upon delivery. These early evaluations confirmed the locomotive's performance under simulated European conditions, paving the way for and deployment.

Orders and Production

Following the success of the Class 59 locomotives, which demonstrated the reliability of (EMD) designs in freight operations, English, Welsh & Scottish Railway (EWS) placed an order for 250 Class 66 units in May 1996—the largest such procurement in Britain since the steam era. This £375 million deal, financed via a long-term lease with Locomotion Capital (later ), initiated production at EMD's plant in , , with assembly commencing in early 1998. The first locomotive, 66001, arrived at Docks on April 18, 1998, underwent testing at , and entered on June 2, 1998, hauling from Bentinck Colliery to Drakelow . Deliveries for the EWS batch proceeded at a rate of up to 30 units per month, with the final unit, 66250, completed on June 21, 2000, though additional production for the subclass continued until 2005. Subsequent orders expanded the fleet, including an initial batch of five for Freightliner in March 1999 (valued at £23 million for an expanded group of 15 via a lease-back with Forward Trust Rail), growing to a total of 100 units delivered between 2000 and 2008. Direct Rail Services ordered 10 units in 2002, delivered in October 2003, while GB Railfreight placed orders for seven in 2001 and 21 more in 2013–2015, shifting production to EMD's Muncie, Indiana, facility for the later batches to meet updated emission standards. The final UK-built Class 66, 66779, was completed in 2015 and arrived at , in February 2016, marking the end of production for the type in Britain due to evolving EU emissions regulations. In total, 480 Class 66 locomotives were manufactured for operators, with most units assembled in and the , engines produced at EMD's LaGrange, , plant.

Sub-classes and Variants

The British Rail Class 66 locomotive features several sub-classes, designated 66/0, 66/3 through 66/9, each incorporating targeted modifications to address evolving operational demands such as environmental compliance, thermal management, and track compatibility. These variants primarily differ in for power and emissions, cooling enhancements, axle loading capacities, and configurations, allowing adaptation to diverse freight applications without altering the core six- diesel-electric design. The 66/0 sub-class forms the baseline model, encompassing the initial production run of 250 units built to a uniform specification with a standard 3,200 hp engine and conventional bogies optimized for general freight duties at speeds up to 75 mph. Subsequent variants introduced refinements for specialized conditions; for instance, the 66/4 incorporates an upgraded cooling system with larger roof and bodyside grilles to mitigate overheating in elevated ambient temperatures, enhancing reliability during prolonged operations in warmer environments. The 66/6 represents a heavy-haul for Freightliner, equipped with a lower for a maximum speed of 65 mph (105 km/h) and increased starting of 467 kN, while supporting axle loads of up to 21.6 tonnes for intensive services, often paired with re-geared transmissions for increased low-speed . Later variants incorporate Tier 2 emissions-compliant engines that reduce and particulate emissions. Further evolution is evident in the 66/9, which employs OTOS bogies engineered for superior curve negotiation and stability at higher speeds, improving ride quality and reducing wheel-rail wear on mixed-traffic routes; imported locomotives from have been adapted for networks, often classified under sub-classes like 66/9 to accommodate differences such as loading gauges.

Operational History

Introduction in the United Kingdom

The Class 66 diesel-electric locomotives were introduced to the 's freight network in 1998 as a modern replacement for aging fleet types such as the Classes 47 and 56, offering improved power, reliability, and efficiency for heavy haulage duties. The first unit, No. 66001, arrived at Docks on April 18, 1998, marking the start of a transformative era for UK rail freight under operator English Welsh & Scottish Railway (EWS). Following initial testing at and Toton, including a dynamic brake test run from Toton to on May 27, 1998, the locomotive entered revenue service on June 2, 1998. Early operations focused on coal traffic to demonstrate its capabilities on demanding routes, such as to power stations including Ratcliffe-on-Soar, where it handled loaded services efficiently despite the challenging gradients and tonnages involved. By late 1998, additional units joined the fleet, enabling expansion into services from major ports like —operated by Freightliner following their initial order in 1999—and aggregates trains from quarries, such as those in the , supporting distribution across the network. These key routes underscored the locomotive's versatility, allowing EWS and emerging operators to consolidate freight volumes previously split among less reliable older classes. Fleet growth accelerated rapidly, with EWS taking delivery of its initial 250 locomotives by June 2000, supplemented by Freightliner's early acquisitions reaching 10 units that year, totaling over 260 Class 66s in service across the . This expansion was driven by the type's strong early performance, including rates that reached 98% within the first few years of operation, far surpassing predecessors and minimizing downtime on critical freight paths. Such reliability directly influenced subsequent orders from other operators, solidifying the Class 66 as the dominant force in freight during the late and early .

Expansion and Importation

Following the initial introduction of the Class 66 in the , the locomotive's design proved adaptable for broader European freight operations, leading to production tailored for continental markets. Between and 2009, built 60 JT42CWRM variants specifically for Euro Cargo Rail, the French subsidiary of , to support cross-border freight services primarily in , , and surrounding countries. These units, designated as Class 77 in and numbered 77001–77060, featured modifications for the UIC and were delivered to enhance heavy haul capabilities on non-electrified lines. Overall, more than 100 Class 66 locomotives were produced for various continental European operators during the mid-2000s, including allocations to firms in the , , and , marking a significant expansion beyond the UK's initial 250-unit order. This phase of production from 2002 to 2008 focused on reliability in diverse European networks, with units leased for intermodal and bulk freight. In recent years, the Class 66 has seen reverse flow through importation back to the , driven by surplus capacity in and growing domestic demand. In 2022, leased 11 former continental units from Akiem, originally operated in mainland , which underwent conversion at EMD's Longport facility to meet bridge and tunnel specifications, including regearing and emissions adjustments. These locomotives were renumbered 66306–316 and entered service progressively through 2024 and into 2025, with the final unit, 66316, completing modifications, arriving at in December 2024, and entering service in September 2025. This importation bolstered 's fleet to 115 units by mid-2025, providing cost-effective additions amid the end of new production. The Class 66's growth continued with additional orders in 2014 and 2015, when acquired 21 new units (66752–66772), the final batch built by EMD before cessation due to evolving emissions standards. By 2025, the total fleet exceeded 500 locomotives, incorporating these later builds and imports, reflecting sustained demand for the type's 3,000 hp output and versatility in freight tasks. Cross-border operations have included limited leasing arrangements, such as units provided to Europorte for French and Channel Tunnel-linked services, enabling seamless integration between and continental networks.

Emission Compliance and Upgrades

Early Class 66 locomotives, introduced in 1998, predate the EU's locomotive-specific emission standards introduced in 2006 under Directive 2004/26/EC. Locomotives were excluded from earlier EU Stage I and II non-road mobile machinery standards. Production under transitional provisions continued until stricter Stage IIIB rules took effect in 2012 for new engine types, with flexibility for existing types expiring in 2016, halting new builds without further modifications. Later production runs and retrofits incorporated EU Stage IIIA compliance for rail propulsion engines, with limits of HC+NOx at 5.0 g/kWh, CO at 5.0 g/kWh, and particulates at 0.2 g/kWh, achieved via updated EMD 710-series engines with enhanced electronic controls. For instance, the 66/6 subclass, geared for heavier freight with a maximum speed of 65 mph and introduced in 2000, benefited from these refinements. In 2019, Progress Rail repowered GB Railfreight's Class 56 locomotives (redesignated Class 69) with EMD 12-710 Series engines meeting Stage IIIA standards, improving emissions and efficiency; this project drew on technologies related to the Class 66 design. Recent developments include GB Railfreight's 2024 efforts to modernize imported units, with the Office of Rail and Road authorizing 11 Class 66 locomotives (nos. 66306–66316) from for service following structural and technical upgrades, though specific emissions enhancements were not detailed in the approval. These retrofits, including engine remapping and control system updates, align with broader fleet modernization to lower and particulate outputs. Such adaptations support the rail industry's Rail Environment Policy Statement, which targets net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 through progressive reductions in diesel fleet impacts.

Operators

Current Operators

DB Cargo UK operates the largest fleet of Class 66 locomotives in the UK, with 170 units comprising subclasses 66/0 and 66/9. These are primarily deployed for and intermodal freight services, supporting bulk and container movements across the network. In 2025, the operator stood down two older units (66140 and 66170) as part of fleet management efforts. Freightliner maintains a fleet of 115 Class 66/4 locomotives, which form the backbone of its intermodal operations. These units are specialized in hauling container traffic from key ports such as , , and , enabling efficient deep-sea and domestic freight flows. GB Railfreight runs 55 locomotives, including Class 66/6 models and imported Class 66/11 variants, tailored for diverse freight tasks. In September 2025, it received 66316, the last Class 66 imported to the UK. The fleet supports transport and deliveries, contributing to infrastructure projects and sustainable energy supply chains. Direct Rail Services (DRS) employs 19 Class 66/9 locomotives for specialized nuclear logistics. These units handle the secure transport of nuclear flasks and between power stations and disposal facilities, emphasizing safety and regulatory adherence in high-security operations. Colas Rail leases a fleet of 4 Class 66/0 locomotives, focused on and roles. They are used for aggregates distribution and infrastructure support, including track renewal and renewal projects for . Across these operators, approximately 450 Class 66 locomotives remain in active service in the UK as of September 2025, underscoring the class's enduring dominance in freight haulage.

Former Operators

The English, Welsh and Scottish Railway (EWS) was the primary initial operator of the British Rail Class 66, placing an order for 250 locomotives delivered between 1998 and 2000 to replace aging fleet members such as Classes 37, 47, and 56, thereby standardizing heavy freight haulage across its network. These units established the Class 66 as a benchmark for reliability and efficiency in UK rail freight, handling diverse traffics including intermodal, coal, and aggregates. EWS's operations transitioned following its acquisition by Deutsche Bahn in June 2007 for £309 million, with the company rebranded as DB Schenker Rail UK in 2009 and later as DB Cargo UK in 2016, after which the inherited Class 66 fleet continued under the new entity. Advenza Freight, a short-lived operator based in , leased four Class 66 locomotives (originally 66406–66409, renumbered 66841–66844) from in May 2009 to support scrap metal and cement flows. The company, part of the Cotswold Rail group, operated these units for just five months before entering in October 2009 amid financial challenges, leading to the locomotives being stored at and later reallocated to other operators such as Colas Rail. Fastline Freight leased three low-emission Class 66/3 locomotives (66301–66303) in June 2008, later expanding to five units including sub-leased examples, primarily for coal traffic on routes such as to Portbury and Chaddesden to Ratcliffe. Based at , the operator focused on open-access intermodal and bulk freight but ceased trading in March 2010 after its parent company Jarvis plc entered administration; the locomotives were returned to leasing and subsequently reassigned to Freightliner and . Private wagon and aggregate firms, such as Mendip Rail, also engaged in short-term Class 66 leases during the early 2000s to haul stone from quarries to terminals like and Acton. Established in 2001 as a between and Foster Yeoman, Mendip Rail's independent operations transitioned in 2011 when Freightliner acquired the contract and supporting locomotives, integrating them into its broader fleet.

Reception and Cultural Impact

Driver and Industry Reception

Drivers have consistently praised the Class 66 for its high reliability, with availability rates often exceeding 98% and mean distances between failures reaching 70,000 miles, significantly outperforming predecessors like the Class 47 (7,000 miles) and Class 57 (30,000 miles). This dependability has made it a staple for freight operations, allowing operators to withdraw hundreds of older locomotives such as Classes 31, 33, and 47 between 1998 and 2000, thereby facilitating post-privatization growth in UK rail freight capacity and efficiency. Ease of maintenance is another highlighted strength, as drivers report straightforward preparation and fault diagnosis, contributing to minimal downtime and operational robustness. However, the locomotive has faced criticism for its cab environment, particularly in early models. A 2020 ASLEF survey of over 1,000 drivers identified the Class 66 96 times among traction types, with 15 respondents citing excessive levels—sometimes reaching 84 dB—and three linking it to ; opening windows for ventilation exacerbated the issue by allowing engine heat and further intrusion. Compared to the quieter Class 59 predecessor, the Class 66 is notably noisier at higher notches, and initial ergonomic layouts were described as "atrocious," requiring awkward postures for controls. Early production units also experienced occasional issues with the self-steering High Traction Radial Bogies, though these were rectified in subsequent builds to improve ride quality and reduce flange wear. Operators like responded to cab complaints by modifying later units (from 66708 onward) with improved seating, sound deadening, , and revised layouts to enhance driver comfort. The Class 66's introduction has been credited within the industry for revitalizing freight post-privatization by providing a modern, versatile diesel-electric option that supported expanded traffic volumes and encouraged smaller operators to invest in new . feedback remains generally positive for its pulling power and versatility across electrified and non-electrified lines, though ride quality is often rated lower due to vibration, with some preferring the smoother Class 60 for heavy hauls. In recent years, imported continental units have incorporated emissions upgrades to comply with evolving standards, maintaining familiar handling characteristics while reducing environmental impact, as noted in ongoing operator adaptations.

Names and Nicknames

The Class 66 locomotives feature a significant number of official namings, with over 50 units dedicated to individuals, events, organizations, and locations across various operators. These namings often serve as tributes within the rail industry, reflecting appreciation for personnel, milestones, or partnerships. For example, named 66091 "accurascale" in July 2025 at the Butterley to honor the model railway manufacturer's fundraising efforts for rail-related charities. Similarly, Freightliner 66528 was named "Madge Elliot MBE Borders Opening 2015" to commemorate the 2015 reopening of the Scottish rail line and its namesake, a key campaigner. Dedication trends emphasize recognition of railway staff and historical figures, alongside corporate sponsors and community causes. GB Railfreight's 66126 "Driver Jack Mills" honors the driver injured in the 1963 Great Train Robbery, while 66424 "Driver Paul Scrivens 1969-2021" and 66425 "Nigel J Kirchstein 1957-2021" memorialize deceased colleagues. Charity-linked namings include 66190 "Martin House Children’s Hospice" and 66428 "Carlisle Eden Mind", supporting health and mental health initiatives. During the English Welsh & Scottish Railway (EWS) era, namings highlighted freight heritage and regional ties, such as Freightliner 66501 "Spirit of '65 - Celebrating 60 years of Freightliner", marking the company's anniversary. In recent years, imported units have continued this tradition. In 2024, acquired eleven Class 66s from , renumbered 66306–66316, with subsequent dedications like 66307 "Ipswich Town" for a local football club sponsorship and 66312 "Nigel Harris" in November 2024, honoring the former editor of RAIL magazine. In August 2025, named 66791 “Settle & Carlisle 150” to commemorate 150 years of freight on the Settle and Carlisle line. Informally, Class 66 locomotives have earned several nicknames among rail enthusiasts and operators, often derived from their appearance or operational impact. The most widespread is "", referencing the angular, boxy cab design that resembles a utilitarian structure. EWS variants in were known as "Red Death" due to their efficiency in displacing older British-built freight locomotives during the late 1990s and early . Other colloquial terms include "Chicken Shed" for the same shape and "Ying" as a playful , though these vary by region and context.

Incidents and Safety

Notable Accidents

One of the most significant incidents involving a Class 66 locomotive occurred on 4 2010, when 4N47 from to Perth derailed at station in the . The train, hauled by DB Schenker No. 66048, was traveling at approximately 56 mph when it overshot a section of track designed to divert runaway trains safely, leading to the of the and the first 6 wagons down an embankment. The primary cause was identified as passing a signal at danger due to reduced braking performance from and on the rails and braking system, compounded by slippery conditions. The driver and technician suffered minor injuries, but no public injuries were reported; the incident caused substantial damage to the , wagons, , and nearby , and disrupted services on the for several days. The Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB) investigation highlighted the need for improved winter weather protocols and brake testing procedures. In June 2012, another Class 66 was involved in a at Loch Treig on the , underscoring vulnerabilities to environmental hazards. On 28 June, train 6S45 from Fort William to Carlisle, powered by No. 66734, encountered a landslip caused by heavy rainfall, which displaced the track and led to the of the entire and the first five wagons toward the lochside. The incident occurred in a remote, road-inaccessible location, complicating recovery efforts that lasted weeks and required assistance. While no injuries occurred, the sustained significant damage to its leading and body, rendering it uneconomical to repair and resulting in its eventual scrapping; the event also spilled some aggregate cargo into the water, prompting environmental assessments. RAIB's subsequent probe into landslip risks on the route emphasized the importance of enhanced drainage and monitoring systems to mitigate such weather-related disruptions. A more recent collision involving a Class 66 took place on 23 2020 at , , highlighting human factors in operations. DB Cargo locomotive No. 66057, detached from a and secured in a siding south of the station, overran buffer stops while being repositioned, derailing as it passed through them and fouling the adjacent main line. Approximately two minutes later, the 21:05 Central to Birmingham New Street passenger service (Class 170) collided with the derailed at low speed, causing minor damage to both vehicles but no serious injuries to the passengers or crew aboard the passenger train. The RAIB investigation determined the overrun resulted from the locomotive driver's distraction by text messages related to the UK's lockdown announcement, leading to a to apply brakes in time; the driver's subsequent for breaching signaling rules underscored lapses in mobile device policies. Recommendations included revised speed restrictions and barriers at similar sidings to prevent recurrence. On 24 December 2021, Class 66 locomotive No. 66779, hauling freight train 4L47 from Hams Hall to , derailed along with five wagons on the approach to due to a track defect. No injuries were reported, but the incident caused disruption to services and required re-railing operations. The RAIB investigation identified inadequate track inspection as a contributing factor.

Safety Record Overview

The Class 66 fleet has maintained a favorable safety record since entering service in , with major incident rates remaining below the freight locomotive industry average. Investigations by the Rail Accident Investigation (RAIB) have highlighted recurring issues such as hunting at high speeds and signals passed at danger (SPAD) during freight operations. Key safety enhancements include the fitment of the (ETCS), with installations beginning in 2025 on an initial batch of nine units for to enable automatic train protection against SPADs and improve route adherence. Complementary driver training programs, mandated by operators like and Freightliner, emphasize hazard recognition and emergency procedures, further bolstering operational safety. In comparison to predecessor Class 47 locomotives, which experienced higher and failure rates, the Class 66 has proven safer, recording zero fatalities in service attributable to locomotive defects.

Models and Representation

Scale Models

The British Rail Class 66 has been a popular subject for model railway manufacturers, with commercially available scale models produced in various gauges to replicate its distinctive design and operational features for enthusiasts. These models often emphasize accurate detailing, effects, and compatibility with (DCC) systems, allowing for realistic operation on layouts depicting freight scenes. Bachmann Branchline's OO gauge (1:76 scale) models of the Class 66/0 and 66/4 subclasses were first released in 2005, featuring detailed bodywork, working headlights, and DCC-ready sockets; subsequent editions include sound-equipped variants with ESU LokSound decoders for authentic engine and operational noises. In 2025, Bachmann announced all-new tooling for Class 66 models, covering variants such as the 66/5 and 66/6, with enhanced features like high-fidelity radial bogies, Plux22 interfaces, and Bachmann's Stay-Alive for reliable slow-speed performance; deliveries are expected in 2026. Accurascale released its (1:76 scale) Class 66 models in 2024, featuring all-new tooling with detailed underframes, separately applied parts, and PluX22 DCC sockets; the range includes multiple subclasses and liveries, with sound-fitted options using ESU LokSound V5 decoders. A second production run, incorporating minor refinements, began shipping in late 2025. Revolution Trains introduced N gauge (1:148 scale) models in 2023, with production batches shipping from September 2025, including the 66/6 subclass among others; these are praised for their precise molds, flush-glazing, and etched nameplates, available in DCC sound formats with options for multiple operator liveries. Hornby produces models of the Class 66/9, based on updated tooling from the former range dating to the mid-2000s, offering DCC-ready versions with basic lighting and a focus on affordability for entry-level collectors. Custom etched kits from specialist producers like DJ Models enable enthusiasts to build unique variants of exported locomotives.

Liveries and Branding

The Class 66 locomotives entered service primarily in the cardinal red livery with gold stripes associated with English Welsh & Scottish Railway (EWS), which was applied to the initial batch of 250 units delivered between 1998 and 2000. This scheme featured a bold red body with curved gold stripes along the sides and the distinctive EWS "beasties" logo depicting lion and snake heads, symbolizing the company's branding until its acquisition by in 2007. Following the takeover, the fleet transitioned to DB Schenker Rail UK branding while retaining the core , with added DB logos and minor updates; by 2016, under , a refreshed version of the and yellow scheme was introduced, with approximately 50 locomotives repainted by 2019 to incorporate modern corporate elements like enhanced yellow warning panels and streamlined graphics. Further branding refreshes occurred around 2020, aligning with DB Cargo's global identity while maintaining the high-visibility base for operational safety. Freightliner adopted a dark green body with orange and yellow stripes for its Class 66 fleet starting in 2000, reflecting the company's intermodal heritage and applied to over 100 units delivered through 2006. In 2010, the Powerhaul sub-brand introduced an orange and black variant for heavy freight duties, emphasizing durability with reinforced graphics; post-2015 acquisition by , select units like 66413 received hybrid orange-black schemes incorporating the parent company's colors alongside Freightliner logos. Direct Rail Services (DRS) introduced its Class 66/4 subclass in a deep blue with yellow ends and charcoal grey underframes from 2013, used on nuclear and intermodal trains, with the scheme applied to 10 initial units and later expansions. Colas Rail's fleet, entering service in the , features a high-visibility yellow body with orange and black accents, designed for and work, as seen on locomotives like 66846. GB Railfreight (GBRf) has utilized a black and grey triple-tone since 2001, often with orange accents for its diverse freight operations, applied to units from its first order in 2000 onward. Recent imports, such as five units from arriving in 2021 and additional conversions in 2024, initially retained their ex-HHPI grey schemes before full repainting into GBRf colors at facilities like EMD Doncaster. Overall, the Class 66 has been adorned in over 10 distinct liveries across operators, including promotional vinyl wraps for events like in on GBRf 66773, highlighting the locomotive's versatility in reflecting freight sector branding and marketing initiatives.

References

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