Elizabeth Holtzman (born August 11, 1941) is an American attorney and politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from New York's 16th congressional district as a member of the Democratic Party from 1973 to 1981. She then served as district attorney of Kings County from 1982 to 1989, and as the 40th Comptroller of New York City from 1990 to 1993.

Holtzman ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination in New York's 10th congressional district in the 2022 election.

Elizabeth Holtzman was born alongside her twin brother in Brooklyn, New York, on August 11, 1941, to Russian immigrants Sidney Holtzman, a lawyer, and Filia Ravitz, who had a doctorate from Columbia University and later headed the Russia department at Hunter College. Her family is Jewish, and she attended Hebrew school.

Holtzman attended the Ethical Culture Fieldston School and Abraham Lincoln High School. She was elected vice president of the student government in 1958, while her brother was its president. Holtzman graduated magna cum laude from Radcliffe College in 1961, where she majored in American history and literature, and from Harvard Law School in 1965. At Harvard Law School she was one of 15 women in the 500 students in her class and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa.

While at Harvard Holtzman joined the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. She worked on civil rights cases in Alabama and Georgia and for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. During her time in Georgia she worked as a law clerk for Chevene Bowers King. After being admitted to the New York State Bar Association she worked for Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison starting in 1970, before leaving to run for office in 1972. She was elected to the Harvard Board of Overseers in 1976, and worked at New York University School of Law from 1981 to 1982. New York University had her as a visiting scholar in 1981.

In 1984, a delegation, including Holtzman, went to Paraguay to search for Josef Mengele. President Bill Clinton appointed her to the Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group. In 2013, Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel appointed her to a panel to review the handling of sexual assault cases in the military. She was appointed to the Homeland Security Advisory Council in 2014, but resigned in protest of the family separation policy for the Mexico–United States border.

Clinton's impeachment was opposed by Holtzman, who stated that the crimes he was accused of were not comparable to the crimes that Richard Nixon was accused of. She also said that Ken Starr "overstepped his jurisdiction" by not conducting his report in a similar manner to Leon Jaworski, the special counsel for Nixon's impeachment. In 2006, she wrote in favor of impeaching President George W. Bush in The Nation.

Holtzman worked on Adlai Stevenson II's and Eugene McCarthy's presidential campaigns. She was a liaison officer in the Parks, Recreation, and Cultural Affairs Administration from 1967 to 1970, during John Lindsay's mayoralty. She left her position as a liaison officer to run for the New York State Democratic Committee from Flatbush, Brooklyn. She conducted her campaign from her parents' basement. In 1970, Holtzman filed suit against a law that placed incumbents at the top of the ballot line; the New York Court of Appeals ruled in her favor, five to two. Holtzman founded the Brooklyn Women's Political Caucus.