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Eric Marshall
Eric Marshall
Eric Marshall
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Lieutenant Colonel Eric Marshall CBE MC (29 May 1879 – 26 February 1963) was a British Army doctor and Antarctic explorer with the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907–09, and was one of the party of four men (Marshall, Shackleton, Jameson Adams and Frank Wild) who reached Furthest South at 88°23′S 162°00′E / 88.383°S 162.000°E / -88.383; 162.000 on 9 January 1909.

Key Information

Biography

[edit]
Nimrod Expedition South Pole Party (left to right): Wild, Shackleton, Marshall and Adams

Born in Hampstead, Surrey, on 29 May 1879, he was educated at Monkton Combe School, Bath and at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, before qualifying as a surgeon from St Bartholomew's Hospital. Marshall met Shackleton in 1906 at a house party in London. Shackleton told him about the proposed expedition to the South Pole and suggested Marshall go on a training course on surveying and then he could become the expedition's surgeon, surveyor and cartographer as well as the principal photographer.[1]

Sledge flag used by Marshall in Antarctica during the Nimrod Expedition[2]

According to Leif Mills, who has written about the two men in Polar Friction: the relationship between Marshall and Shackleton, 2012, Marshall was "an indispensable member of Shackleton's expedition; yet on the voyage down from New Zealand to Antarctica, during the long Antarctic winter at their base at Cape Royds and on the actual southern journey, Marshall constantly criticised Shackleton in his diary, sometimes in almost vitriolic language, and seemed to have nothing but contempt for him." Marshall maintained his criticism of Shackleton throughout his life, referring to him as 'the biggest mountebank of the century' in one letter held at the Royal Geographical Society dated 30 August 1956.

Marshall joined the Royal Army Medical Corps and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in April 1915. He was mentioned in despatches by Sir Douglas Haig, Commander in Chief of the British Armies in France and Flanders in April 1916 for service at Ypres and for service at the Somme in May 1917. He was awarded the Military Cross in January 1918. By the end of the First World War he had attained the rank of acting major.

In autumn 1918, Marshall was posted to Archangel in northern Russia as a member of the British North Russian Expeditionary Force, serving as a senior medical officer at Archangel. For his services there he was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire[3] and awarded the Russian Order of St Stanislaus.[4]

Marshall married Enid in 1922. In the 1930s the family moved to Kenya, where he practised farming for a few years before returning to England. During the Second World War, Marshall rejoined the Royal Army Medical Corps and achieved the rank of lieutenant-colonel.

After the War ended, Marshall joined the Ministry of Pensions as a medical officer. When he retired he and his wife moved to Yarmouth in the Isle of Wight. He died on 26 February 1963.

References

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Eric Marshall

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Eric Marshall is a British surgeon, cartographer, and Antarctic explorer best known for his role as surgeon and cartographer on Ernest Shackleton's British Antarctic Expedition of 1907–1909, commonly called the Nimrod Expedition. He was a member of the four-man Southern Party—alongside Shackleton, Frank Wild, and Jameson Adams—that achieved the expedition's farthest south at 88°23'S on 9 January 1909, coming within about 97 miles of the South Pole and setting a record for the closest approach at that time. Marshall also contributed to the expedition that achieved the first ascent of Mount Erebus on 10 March 1908, and served as the expedition's principal photographer and keeper of records. Born Eric Stewart Marshall on 29 May 1879 in Hampstead, London, he was educated at Monkton Combe School, studied medicine at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and qualified at St Bartholomew's Hospital in 1906. After meeting Shackleton, he joined the expedition and demonstrated endurance during the return journey from the farthest south point, including struggling ahead alone to reach a food depot when the others were exhausted. He was awarded the Polar Medal in silver for his Antarctic service. Following the expedition, Marshall pursued a distinguished career in the Royal Army Medical Corps, serving with distinction in World War I and rising to the rank of Major, later rejoining during World War II and attaining Lieutenant Colonel. He was awarded the Military Cross for his military service. In later years, he researched nutritional deficiency diseases, farmed in Kenya, and worked as a medical officer for the Ministry of Pensions before retiring to the Isle of Wight. He died on 26 February 1963. The Marshall Mountains in Antarctica are named in recognition of his contributions to polar exploration.

Early life

Eric Stewart Marshall was born on 29 May 1879 in Hampstead, London. No verified details are available regarding his parents, siblings, or other immediate family members. He was educated at Monkton Combe School, studied medicine at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and qualified as a surgeon at St Bartholomew's Hospital in 1906. After the Nimrod Expedition, Marshall continued his medical career. From 1909 to 1911, he served as medical officer on a British expedition to New Guinea. He joined the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC), receiving a commission as second lieutenant in April 1915. During the First World War, he served with distinction, including at Ypres in 1916 and the Somme in 1917, where he was mentioned in despatches. He was awarded the Military Cross (MC) in January 1918 and ended the war as acting major. In autumn 1918, he was posted to Archangel as senior medical officer with the British North Russian Expeditionary Force, for which he was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) and received the Russian Order of St Stanislaus. In 1922, he married Enid. In the 1930s, he moved his family to Kenya, where he farmed for several years before returning to England. During the Second World War, he rejoined the RAMC and attained the rank of lieutenant colonel. After the war, he worked as a medical officer for the Ministry of Pensions. In later years, he researched nutritional deficiency diseases before retiring to Yarmouth on the Isle of Wight.

Death

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