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Glamour photography

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Glamour photography

Glamour photography is a genre of photography in which the subject is portrayed in a romantic or sexually alluring manner, with the primary focus on their physical beauty and charm rather than their clothing or surroundings. Unlike fashion photography, which is intended to market garments or accessories, glamour photography "sells" the persona and body of the model. The genre is characterized by the use of specific techniques such as dramatic lighting (e.g., butterfly lighting), professional cosmetics, and retouching (airbrushing) to produce an idealized image.[citation needed]

Notable subsets of the genre include the pin-up girl style, which historically produced mass-market images for informal display, and beefcake photography, which focuses on the muscular male physique. In the private sphere, boudoir photography is a related genre that focuses on intimacy and personal empowerment, typically shot in a bedroom setting for the subject's private use rather than commercial distribution.[citation needed]

While glamour photography often features nudity, it is generally distinguished from pornography by its lack of explicit sexual activity and its emphasis on static, composed aesthetics.[citation needed] However, the distinction between "glamour" and "softcore pornography" is often subjective and dependent on the legal and cultural standards of the era.[citation needed] The subjects are typically professional models for commercial media (calendars, men's magazines like Maxim), though the style is also used in amateur portraiture and the "Glamour Shots" franchise phenomenon.[citation needed]

The roots of glamour photography can be traced to Victorian society portraiture. By the 1840s, debutantes, actresses, and dancers posed for photographers in a manner mimicking the formal oil portraits of the era, establishing a tradition of idealized documentation.

The genre began to distinguish itself from standard portraiture in the early 20th century. In 1911, photographer Edward Steichen produced a series of images for the magazine Art et Décoration featuring dresses by Paul Poiret. These images are widely cited as the first modern fashion photographs, utilizing pictorialist techniques such as soft focus and aesthetic lighting to convey a "dream" rather than merely documenting the clothing.

During the 1920s and 1930s, the "Hollywood glamour" style emerged, characterized by the work of photographers such as George Hurrell, Clarence Sinclair Bull, and Ruth Harriet Louise. Working within the studio system, these photographers utilized dramatic chiaroscuro lighting (often referred to as "butterfly lighting") and extensive negative retouching to idealize the subjects, removing imperfections to create iconic images of stars such as Joan Crawford and Greta Garbo. The objective was to manufacture a mythic persona for the consumption of cinema audiences.

Until the mid-20th century, the term "glamour" was occasionally used as a euphemism for erotic photography to bypass censorship laws. Early erotic imagery, often referred to as "French postcards," circulated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, featuring women in varying states of undress posed in tableaux. The pin-up model genre, which gained prominence during World War II, bridged the gap between illustration and photography. While initially dominated by illustrators like Gil Elvgren, the genre increasingly adopted photography to depict "the girl next door" for informal display, distinguishing it from the formal haughtiness of high-fashion glamour.

While often used interchangeably in colloquial speech, "glamour," "boudoir," and "erotic" photography represent distinct genres with different intents and audiences.

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