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Scion (automobile)
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Scion was a marque of Toyota that debuted in 2003 and was available only in the United States and Canada. The marque was intended to appeal to younger customers: the Scion brand emphasized inexpensive, stylish, and distinctive sport compact vehicles, and used a simplified "pure price" sales concept that eschewed traditional trim levels and dealer haggling. Each vehicle was offered in a single trim with a non-negotiable base price, while a range of dealer-installed options was offered to buyers for personalizing their vehicles.[1] The Scion name, meaning the descendant of a family or heir, refers both to the brand's cars and their owners.[4] In an effort to target millennials, Scion primarily relied on guerrilla and viral marketing techniques.

Key Information

The brand first soft launched in the United States at selected Toyota dealers in the state of California in June 2003, before expanding nationwide by February 2004.[4] Sales peaked in 2006 with 173,034 units sold.[1] In 2010, Scion expanded into Canada. However, Toyota's initial propositions of short product cycles and aggressive pricing based on low dealer margins became increasingly unsustainable as sales fell after the 2008 financial crisis.[5] Toyota abolished the Scion brand at the start of the 2017 model year in August 2016; the vehicles were either rebranded as Toyotas or discontinued.[6]

History

[edit]

In 1999, Toyota launched Project Genesis, an effort to bring younger buyers to the Toyota marque in the United States.[7] This project aimed to create a "marque within a marque" in sales and advertising strategy for compact and coupe models sold by Toyota.[7] The effort, which included the introduction of the Toyota Echo economy car, along with late generation Toyota MR-2 and Toyota Celica models, was judged unsuccessful and cancelled in 2001.[7] In response, Toyota chose to launch a separate marque, an effort called Project Exodus. A Los Angeles-based digital design company, Fresh Machine, was retained by Toyota to develop the brand, logo, and website. This project became known as Scion.[7][8] Toyota had previously participated in a project in Japan with other Japanese companies who attempted to market products to younger buyers. Toyota manufactured three vehicles under the WiLL brandname, which were exclusive to Toyota Netz Store Japanese dealerships.

Scion xA

Scion was marketed as a youth brand and was first introduced in March 2002, at the New York Auto Show. There were just two concept vehicles, the bbX (which became the xB), and the ccX (which became the tC).[9] The 2004 xA and xB were unveiled at the Greater Los Angeles Auto Show on January 2, 2003. They were available only in 105 Toyota dealerships in California at their initial launch on June 9, 2003. The subsequent rollout of the brand to the South, the Southeast, and the East Coast occurred in February 2004. Scion vehicles were available nationwide in June 2004, coinciding with the release of the 2005 tC.[4] On December 16, 2006, Scion unveiled the next-generation xB, based on the t2B concept, and the new xD, successor of the xA, at an invitation-only, no-camera event in Miami. Both cars were then publicly unveiled on February 8, 2007, at the Chicago Auto Show.[10] The xD, a five-door subcompact car that is sold in Japan as the second generation Toyota Ist, was based on the Yaris platform with the tenth-generation Corolla's engine.[11]

Scion Hako concept

In September 2010, Scion expanded into Canada, with vehicles offered at 45 selected dealers starting in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver, followed by other cities. Launch models included the tC, xD, and xB.[12] The first new Scions were shown in Canada at the 2009 Montreal International Auto Show.

Struggles

[edit]

Sales of the Scion brand were down to a low of 45,678 for the 2010 model year, compared to over 170,000 for 2006. The management tried to resuscitate the brand, hoping to sell 35,000 to 45,000 tC in a year after the model was redesigned for 2011.[13] In October 2011, the iQ, an ultra-compact city car, debuted as a 2012 model.[1] In April 2012, Jack Hollis (Vice President of Scion) announced that the xB and xD would be dropped after 2012, supposedly in favor of all new models from Toyota's hatchback division, Daihatsu;[14][15] the same month, the FR-S sports car went on sale as a 2013 model.[1] Later in 2012—despite the announcement of its imminent discontinuation—a facelifted version of the xB was unveiled.[16]

In late 2013, the xD and second-generation xB were in their seventh year without a substantial redesign, and Scion sales were still far short of their 2006 peak. Toyota began allowing dealers to drop the Scion marque without penalty.[5] The recently introduced FR-S had strong initial sales, but combined sales of the new FR-S and redesigned tC did not equal sales of the tC alone during 2005 through 2008,[1] and industry observers concluded that the FR-S was cannibalizing sales of the similar tC. iQ sales never met expectations, and by 2014, observers were characterizing it as a "disappointment." A primary goal of the Scion brand was to introduce young first-time buyers to Toyota products, but analysts found that relatively few Scion buyers were making follow-on purchases from the more profitable Toyota and Lexus lines, and Gen Y buyers were generally making more pragmatic car-buying choices than their predecessors due to economic factors.[5]

For the 2015 model year, Scion released the iM hatchback, based on the international Toyota Auris,[17] and the iQ, xB, and xD were discontinued.[18][19] Scion also introduced the iA sedan, a rebadged version of the Mazda2;[20] however, Toyota opted to sell the iA as the Toyota Yaris sedan in Canada.[21]

Discontinuation

[edit]

On February 3, 2016, Toyota announced that the Scion brand would be phased out in August after the 2016 model year, stating that the company no longer required a specific marque to target younger demographics. The FR-S, iA, and iM models were amalgamated into the Toyota marque for the 2017 model year as the Toyota 86, Toyota Yaris iA, and Toyota Corolla iM respectively,[22] while the tC was discontinued. The then-upcoming C-HR was also moved to the Toyota marque after originally being unveiled as a Scion. The change was not expected to cause disruption to service options, as Scion models were sold and serviced at Toyota dealerships.[6][23][19][24][25][26]

Leadership

[edit]
  • Jim Lentz (2003–2008)[27]
  • Mark Templin (2008–2012)
  • Doug Murtha (2012–2015)[28]
  • Andrew Gilleland (2015–2016)[29]

Lineup

[edit]
Main article: List of Scion vehicles

Pricing, accessories, and availability

[edit]

Scion used sales tools such as "Pure Price" and monospec trim levels with a wide selection of factory and TRD accessories.[30] Extensive market research and testing with Generation Y consumers formed the basis of the Scion badge.

Scion xB

"Pure Price" means that the price posted, whether on the vehicle, in an advertisement, or on a menu display board in the dealership, was the price customers would pay. This included the vehicle, accessories, finance and insurance products.[31] Pure Price was designed to ensure a shorter and simpler process, eliminating all negotiation, though it was common for dealers to add aftermarket accessories and mark vehicles up to increase profits. The concept aimed to be open and consistent to all customers. The concept was not new to the U.S. market, having been introduced in the early 1990s by the Geo and Saturn marques of General Motors.[32]

Scion's sales approach differed greatly from that of the Toyota brand. In the United States, for instance, the Toyota Camry was offered with four different trim levels intended for different crowds (budget-conscious, mainstream, sports-oriented and luxury);[33] all Scions, in contrast, had only one standard trim level (monospec) and were designed to be uniquely customized for the driver.[32]

Post-production accessories

[edit]
Aftermarket customized Scion tC

Scion offered about 150 different accessories;[34] other after-market companies through the Optōmize Scion program offer to add other accessories, as well.[35] For example, one can add a subwoofer as well as different types of decals. The tC had offered an optional supercharger to increase power from 161 to 200 hp (120 to 150 kW), but this option was since discontinued in 2007 due to early failure of the bearings inside the centrifugal blower.[citation needed] All accessories are sold individually, and do not require special packages. However, some options, such as Ground Effects, do prevent other accessories (such as mud flaps) from being installed.

Companies that participated in the Optōmize Scion program include GReddy, OBX, RÄZO, a few car detailing companies, and others.[36]

Release series

[edit]

Beginning in the second quarter of 2004 with the launch of the 2004 Scion xB RS 1.0 (Release Series 1.0), followed by the Scion xA RS 1.0, Scion decided to create limited edition vehicles pre-packaged with exclusive accessories in limited quantities.[37] Limited Edition vehicles from a marketing standpoint were used to create a buzz for the brand name, with their exterior colors tending to be loud or bright hues (e.g. orange, yellow, red, blue, green).[38] Because of the growing popularity of the Scion product line and the scarce production runs (most dealers only get 2-3 of each RS model), these limited edition vehicles quickly sold out. Pre-ordering is available at each dealership on a first-come, first-served basis. To the customer's benefit, Scion's "Pure Price" MSRP bounds dealerships against market-demand vehicle mark-up.[31] Naturally, resale values of Release Series vehicles command a premium because of their packaged options and scarcity.[39]

Scion xB RS 1.0

2004

  • xB RS 1.0 only available in Hot Lava Orange with 2100 units produced (504 units w/5spd, 1596 units w/automatic) [40]
  • xA RS 1.0 only available in Absolutely Red with 1550 units produced[37]

2005

  • xB RS 2.0 only available in Solar Yellow with 2500 units produced[41]
  • xA RS 2.0 only available in Spectra Blue Mica with 1700 units produced[42]
  • tC RS 1.0 only available in Absolutely Red with 2500 units produced[43]
Scion tC RS 1.0

2006

  • xB RS 3.0 only available in Envy Green with 2200 units produced[44]
  • xA RS 3.0 only available in Stingray Metallic light blue with 2500 units produced[45]
  • tC RS 2.0 only available in Blue Blitz Mica with 2600 units produced[46]
  • xB RS 4.0 only available in Maziora Torched Penny (polarized goldish brown) with 2500 units produced[47]

2007

  • tC RS 3.0 only available in Blizzard White with 2500 units produced[48]
Scion xD

2008

  • xB RS 5.0 only available in Gold Rush Mica with 2500 units produced[49]
  • tC RS 4.0 only available in Galactic Gray Mica with 2300 units produced[50]
  • xD RS 1.0 only available in Hot Lava Orange with 2000 units produced[51]
Scion FR-S

2009

  • xB RS 6.0 only available in Absolutely Red with 2500 units produced[39]
  • tC RS 5.0 only available in Gloss Black with 2000 units produced[52]
  • xD RS 2.0 only available in Wasabi Green with 2000 units produced[38]

2010

  • xB RS 7.0 only available in Murasaki Purple with 2000 units produced[53]
  • tC RS 6.0 only available in Speedway Blue with 1100 units produced[54]

2011

  • xB RS 8.0 only available in Voodoo Blue with 2200 units produced[55]
  • xD RS 3.0 only available in xPRESSO with 1500 units produced[56]

2012

  • xB RS 9.0 only available in Hot Lava with 1500 units produced[57]
  • xD RS 4.0 only available in Blizzard Pearl with 800 units produced[58]
  • tC RS 7.0 only available in High Voltage Yellow with 2200 units produced[59]

2013

  • tC RS 8.0 Only available in Absolutely Red with 2000 units produced[60]

2014

  • FR-S RS 1.0 Only available in Yuzu Yellow with 1500 units produced[61][62]
  • xB RS 10.0 Only available in Electric Quartz with 1500 units produced[63]

2015

  • tC RS 9.0 Only available in Two-Tone Black/Orange color with 2000 units produced.[64][65]

2016

  • FR-S RS 2.0 Only available in a bright smoked color called "Lunar Storm" with cloth and brown leather seat sidings, with the steering wheel having half of brown and half of black with it having white stitching, as well as the interior panels having brown leather, and the interior having brown stitching with 1000 units produced. The badge is located in the passenger side airbag in cloth stitching.[66]

Target market

[edit]

In 2007, the median age of a Toyota consumer was 54 years old. Comparatively, Scion's average buyer age at that time was lowest in the industry, at 39.[67]

Initially, Scion's first two cars (the xA and xB), while unusual for American roads, were well received among consumers not interested in standard entry-level vehicles.[32] The tC was also well received with brisk sales.[68]

The marque's best-selling year was 2006, with 173,000 vehicles sold. Sales dropped in the ensuing years, to 57,961 vehicles in 2009. By 2010, the tC was the mainstay of the brand, accounting for over 40% of all Scions sold since the brand was established.[69] However, some sales of the second-generation tC were cannibalized by the similar FR-S.[5] In the U.S., sales of the xB declined after the introduction of the second generation, from a peak of over 60,000 to 17,017 in 2011; sales of the xD fell to 9,573 in 2011 from 32,603 in 2006.[70]

By the time it was discontinued, over a million Scion-branded cars were sold. Over 70% were sold to people new to Toyota and just over 50% of the cars sold were to people under the age of 35; tC buyers had an average age of 29, the lowest in the industry.[6][71][72]

Advertising

[edit]
Scion Fuse concept

To advertise Scion, Toyota began a promotional campaign using a form of guerrilla marketing, using posters and ads in movie theaters and TV to direct consumers to its various "want2bsquare" web sites.[30][35] Scion's marketing endeavors extended to sponsorships, such as that of VBS.tv's show, Thumbs Up!, which featured David Choe hitchhiking across the United States. Scion sponsored two commercials featuring Concours race car driver Matt Verbin during the Castle Hill Concours d'Elegance, showing him racing a custom painted yellow and orange xB on Cambridge streets. Scion also teamed with Gaia Online, providing the xB, xD, and tC as a choice for user cars, as well as other things across the site.[73]

2006 Scion tC

Scion also used smaller, regional viral campaigns to reach niche demographics. Online campaigns such as Scion xPressionism allowed a user to modify and design their own Scion with graphics, decals, and aftermarket car parts. Online advertising, much of it quirky and offbeat, was part of Scion's marketing mix for both these campaigns and for the launch of new models. Shows like Slick's Picks went around the country interviewing artists, stores, and events and put short videos on the site. Scion Radio 17 was an internet-radio initiative that features 17 non-mainstream channels, ranging from rock and hip hop to electro and soul.[74] Scion AV served as the brand's lifestyle marketing initiative, funding projects in music, art, and film.[75][76]

In August 2008, Scion released the "United by Individuality" ad campaign, featuring over 300 Scion owners' vehicles in various magazine articles, commercials, and billboards. The latest commercial video showed a convoy of Scions parading through the desert in Boulder City, Nevada. These videos and ads could be seen on Scion's website.[77]

Sales

[edit]
Model 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total
FR-S 0 11,417 18,327 14,062 10,507 54,313
iQ 0 248 8,879 4,046 2,040 482 15,695
tC 28,062 74,415 79,125 63,852 40,980 17,998 15,204 22,433 22,666 19,094 17,947 16,459 9,336 427,571
xB 6,936 47,013 54,037 61,306 45,834 45,220 25,461 20,364 17,017 19,789 17,849 16,583 15,223 392,632
xD 10,948 27,665 14,499 10,110 9,573 10,756 9,005 7,377 794 100,727
xA 3,962 24,184 28,033 32,603 9,547 39 3 98,371
iA 7,605 7,605
iM 5,097 5,097
Total 10,898 99,259 156,485 173,034 130,181 113,904 57,961 45,678 49,271 73,507 68,321 58,009 56,167 1,092,675[6]

See also

[edit]
  • eBox (a conversion of a Scion xB into BEV)

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Scion (automobile)

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Scion was a marque of the Japanese automaker Motor Corporation, introduced in 2003 as a youth-oriented aimed at attracting younger buyers in the North American market through innovative, customizable, and affordable vehicles. Launched initially in with the xA and xB models, Scion expanded nationwide by late 2003, emphasizing a no-haggle , extensive options, and a direct sales approach to appeal to first-time buyers under 35 years old. The brand's lineup evolved to include models such as the tC coupe (2004), xD hatchback (2008), iQ microcar (2011), FR-S sports car (2013), and the iA sedan and iM hatchback (2015), with over 1 million units sold by 2015 across more than 1,000 dealerships. Despite peak sales of 173,034 vehicles in 2006, Scion faced declining demand as younger consumers increasingly gravitated toward Toyota's mainline offerings for their reliability and style, leading to the brand's discontinuation in August 2016. Remaining models were rebadged under Toyota for the 2017 , with production of the tC ending via a limited final edition, while Scion's experimental spirit influenced Toyota's broader product development. In November 2025, Toyota revived the Scion nameplate for the Scion 01, a hybrid-powered side-by-side off-road concept vehicle unveiled at the SEMA Show, honoring the brand's legacy of creativity without indicating a full revival.

Introduction

Brand Origins

Scion was established in 2003 by Motor Sales (TMS), U.S.A., Inc., as a dedicated test laboratory division to experiment with innovative automotive products and sales processes separate from 's core brand. The brand's debut occurred in June 2003 with the introduction of the xA and xB hatchback models in , followed by an expansion to the East Coast in and a nationwide rollout shortly thereafter. This marked 's strategic entry into a youth-focused segment of the North American market, where the company sought to differentiate itself through bold designs and accessibility. The creation of Scion stemmed from Toyota's recognition of a demographic gap in its customer base, particularly among younger buyers who viewed the main Toyota lineup as too conventional or family-oriented. Targeting Generation Y drivers under 35 years old, the brand aimed to capture this group by offering affordable vehicles starting at low base prices, such as the xB's $13,950 MSRP, combined with extensive customization options to reflect personal style. Drawing inspiration from popular (JDM) models like the and bB, Scion adapted these into left-hand-drive versions engineered for American preferences, emphasizing fun, safety, and value without compromising reliability. At its core, Scion's philosophy revolved around fostering creativity and , encapsulated in its "Pure Price" no-haggle sales model and a retail environment designed to feel more like a than a traditional dealership. Toyota positioned the brand as an outlet for market experimentation, allowing it to test unconventional ideas—such as vibrant color options and accessory packages—without risking the established reputation of its flagship vehicles. This approach ultimately sold over 1 million units in , with half to buyers under 35, validating its role in broadening 's appeal to emerging generations.

Objectives and Philosophy

Scion was announced by in 2002 and established as a separate marque in aimed at attracting younger, first-time car buyers in the North American market, particularly those aged 18 to 34 who sought affordable, customizable vehicles that reflected personal style and urban lifestyles. The brand's primary objective was to serve as an experimental "laboratory" for , allowing the parent company to test innovative products, marketing strategies, and retail processes without risking the established reputation of the lineup. This approach enabled Scion to introduce concepts like no-haggle pricing and extensive customization options, fostering a direct connection with a demographic that found challenging to engage through its mainstream offerings. At its core, Scion's philosophy revolved around three essential principles: style, versatility, and surprise. Style emphasized expressive, modern designs that appealed to youthful tastes, often drawing from tuner culture and urban aesthetics to create vehicles with a distinctive, non-conformist edge. Versatility focused on adaptable platforms that supported , such as modular interiors and aftermarket compatibility, allowing owners to modify their cars to suit individual needs and preferences. Surprise involved unexpected features, like premium amenities at entry-level prices or rapid model introductions, to keep the brand dynamic and engaging for consumers seeking something beyond conventional automotives. The brand's mission further encapsulated these ideals by committing to deliver distinctive products, opportunities for , and an innovative, consumer-driven retail experience. This was exemplified in campaigns like the 2009 Brand Manifesto, which promoted the slogan "Become one of us by becoming none of us," encouraging and self-expression as pathways to belonging within the Scion owner base. Scion's emphasis on customization extended to options and partnerships with aftermarket suppliers, enabling buyers to create unique vehicles that aligned with their identities, thereby differentiating the brand from competitors focused on . Overall, Scion's objectives aligned with 's broader goal of expanding its customer base by injecting vitality and experimentation into its portfolio, ultimately aiming to bring over a million new, younger drivers into the Toyota ecosystem through accessible, expressive mobility solutions.

Historical Development

Launch and Initial Success (2003–2006)

Scion was introduced by in 2003 as a standalone aimed at attracting younger buyers, particularly younger buyers, such as , who perceived traditional Toyota vehicles as unexciting. The debuted at the 2003 Auto Show, serving as an experimental laboratory for innovative products and marketing strategies to engage through affordable, customizable vehicles. It began with a in in June 2003, offering the xA subcompact and the distinctive boxy xB as 2004 models, both designed with spacious interiors, modern sound systems, and tuner-friendly features to appeal to first-time buyers. By early , Scion expanded nationwide, introducing the tC sport coupe as a model year vehicle in to broaden its lineup with a more stylish, performance-oriented option equipped with features like a panoramic and optional . Sales grew rapidly during this period, reflecting strong initial reception: 10,898 units in , surging to 99,259 in , 156,485 in , and peaking at 173,034 in . The xB, in particular, became a standout with its unconventional refrigerator-like design, driving word-of-mouth buzz among young urban drivers and contributing to the brand's tuner community appeal. This early success stemmed from Scion's no-haggle , extensive accessory options for , and targeted that emphasized creativity and exclusivity, helping capture a segment previously underserved by mainstream automakers. By fostering a through events and customization programs, the brand not only boosted 's overall youth but also established Scion as a cultural phenomenon in the automotive world during its formative years.

Growth and Expansion (2007–2012)

During the period from 2007 to 2012, Scion continued to evolve its lineup by introducing redesigned and new models aimed at maintaining appeal to its youthful target demographic, even as overall sales faced challenges from the global financial crisis. The second-generation , featuring a more refined 2.5-liter four-cylinder producing 161 horsepower and updated styling with a panoramic moonroof option, debuted as a model year vehicle, helping to sustain interest in the brand's coupe segment. Sales for totaled 130,181 units in the United States, reflecting a decline from the 2006 peak but still demonstrating the brand's established foothold. In 2008, Scion expanded its hatchback offerings with the second-generation xB, which grew in size to a compact wagon format while retaining its distinctive boxy silhouette and adding a more powerful 2.4-liter with 158 horsepower for improved performance and interior space. The xD subcompact also launched that year as a replacement for the discontinued xA, providing a sportier alternative with a 1.8-liter delivering 128 horsepower and emphasizing customization through Scion's accessory programs. These introductions contributed to U.S. sales of 113,904 units in 2008, though the figure dropped sharply to 57,961 in 2009 amid the economic . A significant milestone came in 2010 with Scion's international expansion into , where the brand launched in through 45 dealerships in major urban markets like , , and , operating as "stores within stores" at existing locations to introduce its youth-oriented vehicles to a new audience. This move coincided with the debut of the second-generation tC as a 2011 model, featuring enhanced safety features like standard stability control and optional . U.S. sales bottomed at 45,678 units in 2010 before rebounding slightly to 49,271 in 2011 with the addition of the iQ micro-subcompact, a 2012 model year vehicle measuring just 120 inches long and powered by a 1.3-liter engine with 94 horsepower, designed for urban efficiency. The period culminated in 2012 with the launch of the FR-S sports coupe in April as a 2013 model, co-developed with Subaru as the BRZ and featuring a naturally aspirated 2.0-liter boxer engine producing 200 horsepower, rear-wheel drive, and a low center of gravity to appeal to performance enthusiasts. This addition, along with continued marketing through exclusive Release Series editions, drove U.S. sales up to 73,507 units, signaling a recovery in brand momentum despite broader industry headwinds.

Challenges and Decline (2013–2015)

By 2013, Scion's sales had begun a marked decline, dropping to 68,321 units in the United States from 73,505 in 2012, reflecting broader challenges in maintaining the brand's initial momentum among young buyers. The aging lineup, including the second-generation xB (introduced in 2008), failed to recapture the quirky appeal of its boxy predecessor, leading to sluggish demand as consumers perceived it as less distinctive and more conventional. Similarly, the tC coupe saw sales erode from 22,666 units in 2012 to 19,094 in 2013, hampered by a lack of significant updates and competition from more feature-rich rivals. The introduction of the FR-S sports coupe in 2012 provided a temporary boost, with 18,327 units sold in , but enthusiasm waned sharply thereafter due to limited model variants and a softening market. Overall brand sales continued to slide, reaching 58,009 in 2014—a 15.1% decrease from the previous year—as the U.S. auto market shifted toward larger vehicles like SUVs and trucks, diminishing interest in Scion's compact, urban-focused offerings. executives acknowledged the stagnation, stating in September that no new Scion models were planned in the near term despite the falling volumes, which exacerbated perceptions of the brand as stagnant. In 2015, Scion attempted a revival by launching the iA subcompact sedan (a rebadged ) and iM hatchback in September, aiming to inject fresh, pragmatic appeal into the lineup and target a broader beyond its original youth demographic. These models spurred a 57% sales increase for the month of their debut, totaling 6,510 units, but the overall annual figure still plummeted to 56,167—a 68% drop from peak years—underscoring the brand's struggle against an evolving market favoring technology-laden crossovers over customizable small cars. The average buyer age had risen to 43 by this period, indicating a failure to retain the 18-34 demographic as competitors adapted faster to changing preferences for practicality and connectivity.

Discontinuation (2016)

On February 3, 2016, Toyota Motor Corporation announced the discontinuation of the Scion brand, which had been established in 2003 to target younger automotive consumers in the United States. The decision marked the end of Scion after 13 years of operation, with the brand fully transitioning back into the Toyota lineup beginning with the 2017 model year in August 2016. According to Toyota's official statement, Scion had successfully achieved its original objectives of attracting a younger demographic—50 percent of buyers under 35 years old and 70 percent new to the Toyota brand—and experimenting with innovative retail and marketing strategies. However, evolving preferences among younger buyers for practical, fun-to-drive vehicles aligned more closely with Toyota's established reputation for quality and reliability, rendering a separate brand unnecessary. The announcement came amid a prolonged decline in Scion sales, which peaked at 173,034 units in 2006 but fell sharply thereafter, reaching 68,321 units in 2013, 58,009 in 2014, and approximately 56,000 in 2015. Toyota emphasized that the discontinuation was not due to outright failure but rather a strategic evolution, allowing the company to integrate Scion's youth-oriented insights directly into its broader portfolio. As part of the transition, existing Scion models were either rebadged under or phased out. The FR-S sports car became the , the iA sedan was rebranded as the iA (later evolving into the Yaris iA), and the iM hatchback transitioned to the iM. In contrast, the tC coupe ceased production in August 2016 with a limited final edition, while the upcoming C-HR crossover joined the lineup without a Scion variant. Over its lifespan, Scion sold more than 1 million vehicles in the U.S., with standout models like the tC (418,235 units) and xB (392,632 units) contributing significantly to its legacy. The brand's 1,004 dedicated dealerships were supported through the transition, with Scion vehicles continuing to receive service at facilities and dealers receiving assistance to rebrand. North American CEO Jim Lentz described the move as "a leap forward for ," highlighting how Scion's experimental spirit would persist within the parent company. Scion President Andrew Gilleland echoed this sentiment, stating, "It’s been a great run and I’m proud that the spirit of Scion will live on." The discontinuation reflected broader industry trends toward streamlined branding amid shifting consumer demands, particularly the growing popularity of crossovers and SUVs, areas where Scion had struggled to compete effectively.

Vehicle Lineup

Hatchback Models

Scion's hatchback models formed the core of its vehicle offerings, emphasizing affordability, urban mobility, and extensive customization options to appeal to younger demographics. These vehicles were designed with a focus on practicality, fuel efficiency, and distinctive styling, often drawing from Toyota's global platforms while incorporating unique aesthetics tailored for the North American market. The lineup evolved from subcompact entries to more versatile compact designs, reflecting shifts in consumer preferences and market trends during the brand's 13-year run from 2003 to 2016. The , introduced in 2004 and produced through 2006, was a subcompact five-door based on the platform. It featured a 1.5-liter inline-four engine producing 108 horsepower and 105 pound-feet of , paired with either a five-speed manual or four-speed . Key highlights included a panoramic for enhanced visibility, a split-folding rear expanding to 32.8 cubic feet, and standard features like and a Pioneer audio system, all starting at a manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP) of around $12,950. The xA emphasized nimble handling and low costs but saw limited due to its conventional design not fully resonating with the target Gen Y audience. Succeeding the xA, the arrived in 2008 and remained in production until 2014 as a slightly larger subcompact five-door derived from the and based on the . Powered by a 1.8-liter inline-four delivering 128 horsepower and 125 pound-feet of torque, it offered a five-speed manual or four-speed with . Notable features encompassed optional Pioneer , a customizable interior with color-matched accents, and 16-inch alloy wheels on higher trims, with an MSRP starting at $15,920. The xD prioritized everyday usability with seating for five and fold-flat rear seats, achieving fuel economy ratings of up to 33 mpg , though it faced competition from more stylish rivals. The Scion xB stood as the brand's most iconic hatchback, launching in 2004 with a distinctive boxy silhouette inspired by the Toyota bB. The first-generation model (2004–2006) utilized a 1.5-liter inline-four engine generating 108 horsepower and 105 pound-feet of torque, available with a five-speed manual or four-speed automatic transmission, and offered expansive interior space with 43.4 cubic feet of cargo volume when rear seats were folded. It debuted at an MSRP of $13,950 and became a cultural staple for its retro-futuristic design and high roofline. The second generation (2008–2015), unveiled at the 2007 Chicago Auto Show, adopted a more conventional wedge-shaped profile with a larger 2.4-liter inline-four engine producing 158 horsepower and 162 pound-feet of torque, mated to a five-speed manual or four-speed automatic. Enhancements included standard Bluetooth connectivity from 2012, a backup camera, and up to 69.9 cubic feet of cargo space, maintaining an accessible MSRP around $16,990 while appealing to urban adventurers. Introduced in 2012 and produced until 2015, the Scion iQ represented an innovative micro-subcompact three-door accommodating four passengers with a 78.7-inch and overall length of 120.1 inches, positioning it as the world's smallest four-seater at the time. It employed a 1.3-liter inline-four outputting 94 horsepower and 89 pound-feet of , exclusively paired with a (CVT), and achieved an EPA-estimated 36 mpg city/37 mpg highway fuel economy. Standout elements included a low 13.5-foot for city maneuvering, 11 airbags, and standard stability control, with an MSRP starting under $16,000. An electric variant, the iQ EV, was limited to fleet and car-sharing programs, featuring a 78-inch and . The iQ targeted eco-conscious urbanites but struggled with sales due to its cramped rear seating. The Scion iM, launched in 2016 as one of the brand's final models before discontinuation, was a compact five-door based on the platform, blending sporty dynamics with practicality. It featured a 1.8-liter DOHC Valvematic inline-four estimated at 137 horsepower, available with a six-speed manual or CVT transmission, and delivered up to 37 highway. Premium appointments included dual-zone automatic climate control, a Pioneer seven-speaker audio system, and 17-inch alloy wheels, starting at an MSRP of $18,460. The iM emphasized versatile cargo space and refined handling, attracting first-time buyers with its modern styling and connectivity features like and USB integration, though its short production run limited its market impact.

Coupe and Sedan Models

The , introduced in 2004 as the brand's first coupe, was a front-wheel-drive 2+2 model designed to appeal to young enthusiasts seeking an affordable entry into sporty driving. It featured a 2.4-liter inline-four producing 161 horsepower and 162 pound-feet of , paired with either a five-speed manual or four-speed . The tC emphasized customization potential with its modular body panels and optional panoramic moonroof, aligning with Scion's tuner-friendly philosophy. Over its first generation (2004–2010), it became one of the brand's top sellers, offering agile handling and a starting price around $17,000. The second-generation tC, launched for , brought refinements including a larger 2.5-liter inline-four delivering 179 horsepower and 173 pound-feet of , improved (up to 23 mpg city/31 highway), and enhanced interior space for rear passengers. Transmission options expanded to a six-speed manual or automatic, with standard features like stability control and optional . A 2014 facelift drew styling cues from the FR-S, including updated LED headlights and a more aggressive grille, while maintaining its practical yet fun-to-drive character. Production ended in 2016 with the tC serving as a versatile that balanced performance and affordability, often praised for reliability and low ownership costs. Complementing the tC, the Scion FR-S debuted in 2013 as a rear-wheel-drive sports coupe co-developed with Subaru (as the BRZ), targeting performance-oriented buyers with its low center of gravity and balanced chassis. Powered by a 2.0-liter flat-four boxer engine generating 200 horsepower and 151 pound-feet of torque, it offered crisp handling via a six-speed manual or automatic transmission, achieving 0-60 mph in about 6.2 seconds. The FR-S prioritized driver engagement over raw power, with a lightweight body (around 2,800 pounds) and limited-slip differential, earning acclaim for track-day capabilities at a base price of approximately $24,000. Minor updates through 2016 included revised suspension tuning for better ride quality, solidifying its role as Scion's halo performance model. Scion's sedan offerings were limited, with the iA introduced in 2016 as the brand's sole four-door model to broaden its appeal beyond hatchbacks and coupes. This subcompact sedan, built on the platform, featured a 1.5-liter four-cylinder producing 106 horsepower and 103 pound-feet of , mated to a six-speed manual or for . It included standard safety features like a low-speed pre-collision system and achieved IIHS Top Safety Pick+ status, with estimated fuel economy of 33 city/42 highway (). Priced from $15,700 (manual), the iA offered premium touches such as a 7-inch with voice recognition, keyless entry, and a 60/40 split-folding rear seat, positioning it as an accessible, tech-forward option for urban commuters. Production ceased with the brand's discontinuation later that year.
ModelYearsEngineHorsepowerTransmission OptionsKey Features
tC (1st Gen)2004–20102.4L I4161 hp5MT/4ATCustomizable panels, panoramic moonroof option
tC (2nd Gen)2011–20162.5L I4179 hp6MT/6ATLED headlights (2014+), stability control
FR-S2013–20162.0L H4200 hp6MT/6AT,
iA20161.5L I4106 hp6MT/6ATPre-collision system, 7-inch

Business Model

Pricing and Sales Approach

Scion's pricing and sales approach was designed to differentiate the brand from traditional automakers by emphasizing transparency, simplicity, and accessibility, particularly for younger and first-time buyers. Launched in , the core strategy revolved around a no-haggle "Pure Price" policy, where the dealer's advertised price, typically at or near the manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP), was the final out-the-door price, eliminating negotiation and haggling at dealerships. This "Scion Pure Price" philosophy aimed to streamline the purchasing process, reducing buyer anxiety and time spent at the dealership. Complementing this was the "mono-spec" or single-trim model lineup, where each vehicle offered a single configuration with most features standard, avoiding the complexity of multiple options packages common in the industry. Buyers seeking personalization could instead opt for extensive aftermarket accessories and customizations, which Scion promoted heavily to foster individuality without complicating the base purchase. The "Pure Process Plus" further enhanced accessibility by allowing customers to lock in pricing online before visiting a dealer, enabling a more efficient transaction that could often be completed in under an hour. This approach targeted demographics wary of traditional sales tactics, such as entering the market, and benefited dealers by simplifying inventory management and reducing sales training needs. While the strategy initially boosted appeal by making car buying feel more like a straightforward retail experience, it carried risks, including limited appeal to buyers preferring extensive factory options and potential inventory challenges for dealers stocking uniform trims. Scion's model influenced broader industry experiments, such as Toyota's later no-haggle pilots at dealerships, demonstrating its impact on simplifying automotive sales. Overall, this pricing and sales framework positioned Scion as an innovative, youth-oriented brand until its discontinuation in 2016.

Accessories and Customization

Scion's emphasized as a core element of its appeal to younger, style-conscious buyers, offering vehicles in a "mono-spec" configuration—meaning base models with limited factory options like transmission and color—to encourage extensive customization through dealer-installed accessories. This approach allowed customers to tailor their Scions to individual tastes without navigating complex trim levels, fostering a sense of ownership and uniqueness from the point of purchase. The brand provided a vast array of official accessories, categorized into exterior, interior, audio, and performance enhancements, all designed for easy installation at Scion dealerships. Exterior options included aerodynamic body kits, such as the Five Axis Ground Effects Kit, rear spoilers, fog light kits, alloy wheels (e.g., TRD 18-inch options in bright silver or matte black), and protective elements like mudguards and front-end masks. Interior customizations encompassed leather-wrapped steering wheels, illuminated door sills, custom floor and cargo mats, sport pedal covers, and shift knobs from partners like OBX. Audio upgrades featured Pioneer premium systems with customizable OEL screens and compatibility, alongside Scion's navigation systems integrated with Alpine DSP technology. Performance accessories, often developed in collaboration with (TRD), included lowering springs, sport mufflers, and clutch kits to enhance handling and power. Scion actively promoted this customization culture through partnerships with the aftermarket industry, prominently showcasing modified vehicles at events like the SEMA Show to inspire owners and highlight compatible upgrades. For instance, at the 2008 SEMA Show, Scion displayed custom xB models with unique bodywork and interior mods from tuners like Christian Rado and MVDesignz, underscoring the brand's philosophy of "endless possibilities" for personalization. This integration of factory-backed accessories with aftermarket innovation positioned Scion as a platform for self-expression, differentiating it from traditional automakers and aligning with its target demographic's interest in urban lifestyle modifications.

Release Series Vehicles

The Release Series (RS) vehicles represented a core in Scion's , offering limited-production special editions that refreshed existing models with exclusive styling, technology, and performance elements to appeal to the brand's youthful, customization-focused audience. Launched in March 2004 with the xB RS 1.0 as the inaugural offering, these variants served as a "lifestyle refresh tool," enabling Scion to introduce trend-driven updates without overhauling the entire lineup, while creating buzz through scarcity and personalization options. This approach aligned with Scion's emphasis on consumer input and rapid iteration, allowing the brand to gauge market interest in features like unique paint colors, aero kits, and interior accents before broader adoption. Throughout Scion's history, Release Series models were produced in small batches, typically numbering in the low thousands, and featured sequential numbering (e.g., RS 1.0 through RS 10.0) to denote their progression. They often drew from collaborations with tuners like TRD for enhanced handling and aesthetics, emphasizing exclusivity to drive showroom traffic and engagement. For example, the 2014 FR-S Release Series 1.0, limited to 1,500 units, included a custom TRD aero kit with front fascia, side skirts, and rear diffuser, along with lowering springs, a quad-tip exhaust, and a distinctive Yuzu Mica exterior paint inspired by the brand's heritage. Similarly, the 2014 tC Release Series 9.0, capped at 2,000 examples, showcased a two-tone black-and-magma orange finish, , and 18-inch gloss-black wheels to highlight the coupe's sporty versatility. As Scion approached discontinuation, Release Series continued to mark milestones, blending nostalgia with forward-looking tech. The 2014 xB Release Series 10.0 integrated urban-inspired features such as projected light door stamps, a wireless charging pad, and a , all in an Electric pearl white-green exterior to evoke a modern, tech-savvy vibe. Culminating the program, the 2016 tC Release Series 10.0 acted as a send-off for the popular , with a Manufacturer's Suggested Retail starting at $23,190 for the manual transmission variant, featuring updated styling elements to honor its decade-long run. Overall, these vehicles not only boosted short-term through limited availability but also reinforced Scion's identity as an experimental, driver-centric brand within 's portfolio.

Marketing and Audience

Advertising Strategies

Scion's advertising strategies emphasized non-traditional, youth-oriented approaches to differentiate the brand from conventional automotive marketing, focusing on digital platforms, cultural partnerships, and experiential to to younger demographics. Launched in 2003 as a sub-brand targeting 18- to 34-year-olds, Scion avoided mass-market television spots in favor of tactics that aligned with the lifestyles of urban creatives, music enthusiasts, and customization fans. This included heavy investment in online content and to foster community rather than direct sales pitches, reflecting the brand's limited budget compared to larger automakers. A of Scion's digital was the 2003 launch of Scion A/V, an station that streamed G-rated DJ sets from emerging artists, promoted through social networks and word-of-mouth to build authenticity among young listeners without relying on traditional ads. By , it had amassed over 10,000 monthly listener hours, evolving into broader initiatives like music festivals, , and artist support programs that reinforced Scion's image as a patron of . Complementing this, for example, in a pilot program in the region, dealerships allocated 80% of their marketing budget to digital channels by 2014, using platforms like Google AdWords for targeting, where geo-fencing and keyword bidding generated 4 million impressions and over 28,000 clicks, driving double-digit sales growth. The 2012 "What Moves You?" campaign marked a pivotal , deploying multi-platform —including websites, broadcast, print, online, and out-of-home—to showcase Scion's support for over 1,700 artists and creative communities in fields like art, music, and design. Featuring stories from collaborators such as photographer Neil Krug and designer Troy Sumitomo, the campaign highlighted personalization and heritage on scion.com/about, aiming to broaden awareness following new model introductions like the FR-S and iQ. As Scion vice president Doug Murtha noted, it was designed to "better familiarize consumers with the " through narratives of and community backing, rather than product specs. These efforts collectively positioned Scion as a culturally attuned , prioritizing engagement over volume to cultivate loyalty among fickle young buyers.

Target Demographics

Scion was primarily designed to appeal to Generation Y consumers, often referred to as , who were entering the automotive market as young adults in the early 2000s. launched the brand in 2003 specifically to capture this demographic, which it identified as underserved by the company's more traditional lineup, focusing on buyers aged 18 to 34 who sought affordable, stylish, and customizable vehicles. The core target audience consisted of urban-dwelling singles and couples, including first-time new-car buyers such as students and young professionals with limited budgets. Scion emphasized a youthful, expressive through its no-haggle , extensive accessory options, and vehicles like the boxy xB , which resonated with those prioritizing personalization and fun over conventional luxury. This group was characterized by a preference for sporty, compact designs that aligned with city living and social , with efforts honing in on subgroups like the 22-year-old male urbanite. To broaden appeal, Scion targeted diverse ethnic communities within this age range, including African-American buyers nationwide, Asian-American youth on the West Coast, and young Latinos in the Southwest, recognizing the growing of urban millennials. Over time, as the initial cohort aged into their late 20s and 30s, Scion refined its strategy to maintain relevance among 18- to 34-year-olds, introducing models like the iM hatchback to attract entry-level buyers in a shifting economy. However, early sales data revealed unintended attraction to older consumers, with the average buyer age rising from 35 in 2004 to 43 by 2007, prompting adjustments to better align with the youthful image.

Sales and Performance

Sales Figures

Scion's sales in the United States began modestly upon its launch in 2003, with 10,898 units sold, primarily consisting of the xA and xB models. The brand saw significant growth in subsequent years, driven by its affordable, customizable vehicles targeted at younger buyers, reaching a peak of 173,034 units in 2006. This success was fueled by strong demand for the xB boxy wagon and tC coupe, which together accounted for the majority of volume during the mid-2000s. Sales began to decline after 2006, influenced by the , shifting consumer preferences toward larger vehicles, and increased competition in the segment. By 2009, annual sales had fallen to 57,961 units, and the brand struggled to regain momentum despite new model introductions like the FR-S sports car in 2013. From 2003 through 2015, Scion sold a total of 1,092,675 vehicles in the U.S., with the tC (418,235 units) and xB (392,632 units) as the top-selling models. In , the brand's final year, sales totaled 46,049 units before discontinuation in , reflecting a partial-year operation as remaining inventory was cleared and models transitioned to the lineup.
YearU.S. Sales
200310,898
200499,259
2005156,485
2006173,034
2007130,181
2008113,904
200957,961
201045,678
201149,271
201273,507
201368,321
201458,009
201556,167
46,049
Data for 2003–2015 from Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A.; 2016 from GoodCarBadCar sales reports.

Market Impact and Challenges

Scion's introduction in marked a strategic effort by to penetrate the youth market, ultimately selling 1,092,675 vehicles through 2015 and attracting 70 percent of buyers who were new to the brand. This success in customer acquisition helped expand its demographic reach, with 50 percent of Scion purchasers under 35 years old and an average buyer age of 36—particularly low for the tC model at 29 years. The brand functioned as an experimental laboratory for , testing innovative products, approaches, and sales processes tailored to younger consumers, thereby informing broader strategies for appealing to this segment. Despite these gains, Scion faced significant challenges that eroded its market position. Sales peaked at 173,034 units in 2006 but plummeted 74 percent to 45,678 units by 2010, exacerbated by the 2008-2009 recession. In 2015, annual sales had declined to 56,167 units, further dropping to 46,049 in the brand's final year of 2016, reflecting broader market shifts where younger buyers increasingly favored Toyota's established reputation for reliability and practicality over Scion's quirky, youth-oriented positioning. Demographic mistargeting compounded these issues, as Scion initially aimed at 18- to 34-year-olds but saw its average buyer age rise from 35 in to 43 by , attracting older demographics that diluted the brand's intended edgy image. Product stagnation, including long gaps between model releases, inconsistent designs lacking a unified visual identity, and poorly received updates like the second-generation xB, further hindered competitiveness against evolving rivals in the compact and subcompact segments. Toyota's own revitalized lineup, incorporating more stylish and tech-forward options, ultimately recaptured the youth market, rendering Scion redundant and leading to its discontinuation in 2016 with models rebadged under .

Legacy

Brand Discontinuation Effects

The discontinuation of the Scion brand in August 2016 marked a strategic pivot for , allowing the automaker to integrate Scion's youth-focused models directly into its main lineup without disrupting ongoing sales or service. Models such as the FR-S sports , iA sedan, and iM hatchback were rebadged as the , Yaris iA, and Corolla iM, respectively, for the 2017 model year, enabling them to benefit from Toyota's established reputation for reliability and broader dealer network of over 1,200 locations compared to Scion's 1,004 dedicated outlets. This transition was described by Toyota executives as a "leap forward," reflecting the brand's success in initially attracting younger buyers—70% of whom were new to Toyota and 50% under 35 years old—while recognizing that increasingly valued Toyota's core attributes like and dependability over a separate sub-brand identity. Post-discontinuation, the rebadged models experienced varied but generally stabilizing effects on sales performance, contributing to 's enhanced appeal in the compact and subcompact segments. The Corolla iM, for instance, achieved 6,548 sales in the four months following the transition, representing about 7% of Corolla buyers choosing the hatchback and marking a 34% improvement over the comparable Scion iM period, demonstrating how the badge boosted visibility and buyer interest. Similarly, analysts anticipated stronger sales for these vehicles under due to the main brand's higher awareness—scoring 145 in ' 2014 survey versus Scion's 17—and expanded market reach, particularly for youth-oriented options like the 86, which added a "sports element" to 's portfolio amid rising demand for small SUVs and crossovers. However, the saw a decline to 6,846 units in 2017 from the Scion FR-S's peak years, influenced by broader market shifts away from affordable sports cars rather than the rebadging itself. Existing Scion owners faced minimal disruption, as all vehicles remained supported at dealerships with unchanged warranties and parts availability. In the long term, Scion's discontinuation reinforced 's marketing evolution, emphasizing direct integration of innovative, fun vehicles into the core brand to better capture younger demographics without the overhead of a standalone operation. This approach allowed to streamline resources, with Scion's 22 team members transitioning to roles, and to test concepts like the C-HR crossover—initially eyed for Scion—under the main banner, aligning with industry trends toward versatile, efficient models. The move had negligible negative ripple effects on the automotive sector, as residual values for Scion vehicles held steady due to their mechanical continuity with equivalents, but it underscored challenges in sustaining sub-brands amid shifting consumer preferences for SUVs and established nameplates. Overall, the discontinuation solidified Scion's legacy as a successful experiment that informed 's strategy for youth engagement, contributing to sustained growth in segments without the fragmentation of multiple badges.

Influence on Toyota and Automotive Industry

Scion's launch in 2003 allowed to experiment with innovative sales and product strategies tailored to younger demographics, serving as a low-risk laboratory for ideas that later influenced the parent brand's broader approach. The brand introduced no-haggle "Pure Pricing," mono-specification vehicles to simplify choices, and early adoption of online purchasing options, which accelerated 's overall ability to engage tech-savvy consumers. By the time of its discontinuation in 2016, Scion had sold over one million vehicles, with 70 percent of buyers being new to and 50 percent under 35 years old, effectively expanding 's customer base by drawing in an average buyer age of 36—11 years younger than the industry median. The transition of Scion models like the FR-S, iA, and iM to Toyota badges in 2017 integrated these youth-oriented vehicles directly into 's lineup, preserving their appeal while leveraging the established brand's reliability reputation. This move not only sustained sales momentum— with the FR-S continuing as a and influencing subsequent developments— but also provided with valuable insights into millennial preferences for customization, affordability, and performance, informing future models like the C-HR crossover. Additionally, Scion's operations trained key executives, such as Jim Lentz and Mark Templin, who applied lessons in youth engagement to 's global marketing strategies. In November 2025, revived the Scion nameplate for the Scion 01, a hybrid-powered side-by-side off-road concept vehicle unveiled at the SEMA Show, as a nod to the brand's legacy of without signaling a full brand revival. In the wider automotive industry, Scion pioneered youth-focused marketing tactics, such as experiential events, customization programs, and minimal traditional advertising, which emphasized community and personalization over conventional TV spots. These approaches highlighted the growing influence of millennials on vehicle purchasing, prompting competitors to adapt similar strategies for targeting under-35 buyers who prioritized fun, modular designs, and digital integration. Iconic Scion models like the boxy xB influenced subsequent vehicles, including the Kia Soul, demonstrating how Scion's emphasis on bold, affordable styling could reshape segment norms without relying on heavy feature bloat. The brand's ultimate challenges underscored a key industry lesson: sustainable youth appeal requires consistent innovation in safety and performance alongside cultural relevance, rather than transient "cool" factors.

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  70. https://www.insidehook.com/autos/doomed-toyota-scion-brand
  71. https://www.goodcarbadcar.net/scion-brand-sales-figures-usa-canada/
  72. https://www.autoguide.com/auto-news/2016/02/the-5-reasons-scion-is-dead.html
  73. https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/why-scion-dead-will-sell-more-cars-as-toyota/
  74. https://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2017/03/2017-toyota-corolla-im-best-corolla-93-corolla-buyers-choose-sedan/
  75. https://www.goodcarbadcar.net/toyota-86-sales-figures/
  76. https://www.autoremarketing.com/ar/analysis/how-scions-transition-may-impact-residual-values/
  77. https://www.autonews.com/cars-concepts-history/scion-debuts-ny-mandate-draw-younger-buyers-toyota-fold/
  78. https://www.forbes.com/sites/lianeyvkoff/2016/02/03/how-millennials-and-boomers-killed-scion/
  79. https://www.just-auto.com/news/toyota-to-axe-scion-youth-brand/
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