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The Associated Press (AP)[4] is an American not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1846, it operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association, and produces news reports that are distributed to its members, major U.S. daily newspapers and radio and television broadcasters. Since the Pulitzer Prize was established in 1917, the AP has earned 59 of them, including 36 for photography. The AP distributes its widely used AP Stylebook, its AP polls tracking NCAA sports, and its election polls and results during U.S. elections. It sponsors the National Football League's annual awards.

Key Information

By 2016, news collected by the AP was published and republished by more than 1,300 newspapers and broadcasters.[5] The AP operates 235 news bureaus in 94 countries, and publishes in English, Spanish, and Arabic.[6] It also operates the AP Radio Network, which provides twice hourly newscasts and daily sportscasts for broadcast and satellite radio and television stations. Many newspapers and broadcasters outside the United States are AP subscribers, paying a fee to use AP material without being contributing members of the cooperative. As part of their cooperative agreement with the AP, most member news organizations grant automatic permission for the AP to distribute their local news reports. As of 2025, the AP attracts more than 128 million monthly website visits, making it one of the top 10 news websites in the U.S.[7]

History

[edit]
Further information: Telegraph in United States history § Newspaper users
Logo on the former AP building in New York City
The top of a newspaper article, showing headline "Eddie A. Schneider Weds Woman Flier"; dateline "New York, Tuesday, June 26"; and the start of the main text, "Eddie A. Schneider, 23, an aviator and Gretchen A. Hahned, 33, New Jersey governor of the Woman's International Aeronautics". A ligature of the letters AP in parentheses is between the dateline and text, separated from each by an em-dash.
The top of a newspaper article, showing headline "Eddie A. Schneider Weds Woman Flier"; dateline "New York, Tuesday, June 26"; and the start of the main text, "Eddie A. Schneider, 23, an aviator and Gretchen A. Hahned, 33, New Jersey governor of the Woman's International Aeronautics". A ligature of the letters AP in parentheses is between the dateline and text, separated from each by an em-dash.
A bespoke AP ligature[8] after the dateline of a 1934 newspaper article

The Associated Press was formed in May 1846 by five daily newspapers in New York City to share the cost of transmitting news of the Mexican–American War.[9] The venture was organized by Moses Yale Beach (1800–68), second publisher of The Sun, joined by the New York Herald, the New York Courier and Enquirer, The Journal of Commerce, and the New York Evening Express.[10][11] Some historians[12] believe that the New-York Tribune joined at this time; documents show it was a member in 1849. The New York Times became a member in September 1851.

Initially known as the New York Associated Press (NYAP), the organization faced competition from the Western Associated Press (1862), which criticized its monopolistic news gathering and price setting practices. An investigation completed in 1892 by Victor Lawson, editor and publisher of the Chicago Daily News, revealed that several principals of the NYAP had entered into a secret agreement with United Press, a rival organization, to share NYAP news and the profits of reselling it. The revelations led to the demise of the NYAP and in December 1892, the Western Associated Press was incorporated in Illinois as the Associated Press. A 1900 Illinois Supreme Court decision (Inter Ocean Publishing Co. v. Associated Press) holding that the AP was a public utility and operating in restraint of trade resulted in the AP's move from Chicago to New York City, where corporation laws were more favorable to cooperatives.[13]

Melville Stone, who had founded the Chicago Daily News in 1875, served as AP general manager from 1893 to 1921. The AP adopted teletype for its New York service in 1914.[14] The cooperative grew rapidly under the leadership of Kent Cooper, who served from 1925 to 1948 and who built up bureau staff in South America, Europe and (after World War II), the Middle East. Under Kent Cooper, the AP became a more prevalent member of a press agency cartel made up of Reuters and Havas (now Agence France-Presse). He lobbied for the renegotiation of the tripartite contract binding the agencies and their respective news markets at the League of Nations in 1927, attempting to give the AP a more important place in competition with Reuters.[15] The first female AP member, Zell Hart Deming, joined the AP in 1928.[16]

In 1935, the AP launched the Wirephoto network, which allowed transmission of news photographs over leased private telephone lines on the day they were taken. This gave the AP a major advantage over other news media outlets. While the first network was only between New York, Chicago, and San Francisco, eventually the AP had its network across the whole United States.[17]

In 1945, the Supreme Court of the United States held in Associated Press v. United States[18] that the AP had been violating the Sherman Antitrust Act by prohibiting member newspapers from selling or providing news to nonmember organizations as well as making it very difficult for nonmember newspapers to join the AP.[19]

The AP entered the broadcast field in 1941 when it began distributing news to radio stations; it created its own radio network in 1974. In 1994, it established APTV, a global video newsgathering agency. APTV merged with Worldwide Television News in 1998 to form APTN, which provides video to international broadcasters and websites. In 2004, the AP moved its headquarters from its long time home at 50 Rockefeller Plaza to 450 West 33rd Street in Manhattan. In 2019, AP had more than 240 bureaus globally.[20] Its mission has not changed since its founding, but digital technology has made the distribution of the AP news report an interactive endeavor between the AP and its hundreds of U.S. newspaper members, as well as broadcasters, international subscribers, and online customers.[7][21]

The AP began diversifying its news gathering capabilities. By 2007 the AP was generating only about 30% of its revenue from United States newspapers, and by 2024, this had declined to 10%.[22] 37% came from the global broadcast customers, 15% from online ventures and 18% came from international newspapers and from photography.[23]

In March 2024, Gannett, the largest U.S. newspaper publisher as measured by total daily circulation, announced that effective March 25, 2024, it would no longer use content from the AP. A spokesperson for AP said that they were "shocked and disappointed" by this development.[24] Newspaper chain McClatchy announced that it would also stop using some AP services. Gannett and McClatchy will both continue to use AP's election results data.[22]

Web resources

[edit]

The AP's multi-topic structure has resulted in web portals such as Yahoo! and MSN posting its articles, often relying on the AP as their first source for news coverage of breaking news items. This and the constant updating evolving stories require has had a major impact on the AP's public image and role, giving new credence to the AP's ongoing mission of having staff for covering every area of news fully and promptly. In 2007, Google announced that it was paying to receive AP content, to be displayed in Google News,[25] interrupted from late 2009 to mid-2010 due to a licensing dispute.[26][27]

A 2017 study by NewsWhip revealed that AP content was more engaged with on Facebook than content from any individual English-language publisher.[28]

Nonprofit

[edit]

In June 2024, Axios reported that the AP would be launching a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization with the goal of expanding state and local news, hoping to raise at least $100 million in philanthropic funds to address the "crisis in local news."[29][30][31]

Timeline

[edit]
  • 1849: The Harbor News Association opened the first news bureau outside the United States in Halifax, Nova Scotia, to meet ships sailing from Europe before they reached dock in New York.
  • 1876: Mark Kellogg, a stringer, was the first AP news correspondent to be killed while reporting the news, at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
  • 1893: Melville E. Stone became the general manager of the reorganized the AP, a post he held until 1921. Under his leadership, the AP grew to be one of the world's most prominent news agencies.
  • 1899: The AP used Guglielmo Marconi's wireless telegraph to cover the America's Cup yacht race off Sandy Hook, New Jersey, the first news test of the new technology.
  • 1914: The AP introduced the teleprinter, which transmitted directly to printers over telegraph wires. Eventually a worldwide network of 60-word-per-minute teleprinter machines is built.
  • 1935: The AP initiated WirePhoto, the world's first wire service for photographs. The first photograph to transfer over the network depicted an airplane crash in Morehouse, New York, on New Year's Day, 1935.
  • 1938: The AP expanded new offices at 50 Rockefeller Plaza (known as "50 Rock") under an agreement made as part of the construction of Rockefeller Center in New York City. The building would remain its headquarters for 66 years.[32]
  • 1941: The AP expanded from print to radio broadcast news.
  • 1941: Wide World News Photo Service purchased from The New York Times.[33][34]
  • 1943: The AP sends Ruth Cowan Nash to cover the deployment of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps to Algeria. Nash is the first American woman war correspondent.[35]
  • 1945: AP war correspondent Joseph Morton was executed along with nine OSS men and four British SOE agents by the Germans at Mauthausen concentration camp. Morton was the only Allied correspondent to be executed by the Axis during World War II. That same year, AP Paris bureau chief Edward Kennedy defied an Allied headquarters news blackout to report Nazi Germany's surrender, touching off a bitter episode that led to his eventual dismissal by the AP. Kennedy maintains that he reported only what German radio already had broadcast.
  • 1951: AP Prague bureau chief William N. Oatis was convicted of espionage by the Communist government of Czechoslovakia. He was released in 1953 after his sentence was reduced by 10 years.
  • 1974: The AP launches the Associated Press Radio Network headquartered in Washington, D.C.
  • 1987: The AP switches to color photography completely after the public suicide of American politician R. Budd Dwyer.[36]
  • 1994: The AP launches APTV, a global video news gathering agency, headquartered in London.
  • 2004: The AP moves its headquarters from 50 Rock to 450 West 33rd Street, New York City.[32]
  • 2006: The AP joins YouTube.
  • 2008: The AP launched AP Mobile (initially known as the AP Mobile News Network), a multimedia news portal that gives users news they can choose and provides anytime access to international, national and local news. The AP was the first to debut a dedicated iPhone application in June 2008 on stage at Apple's WWDC event. The app offered AP's own worldwide coverage of breaking news, sports, entertainment, politics and business as well as content from more than 1,000 AP members and third-party sources.[37]
  • 2008: The AP opens its Pyongyang bureau.[38]
  • 2010: AP earnings fall 65% from 2008 to just $8.8 million. The AP also announced that it would have posted a loss of $4.4 million had it not liquidated its German-language news service for $13.2 million.[39]
  • 2011: AP revenue dropped $14.7 million in 2010. 2010 revenue totaled $631 million, a decline of 7% from the previous year. The AP rolled out price cuts designed to help newspapers and broadcasters cope with declining revenue.[40]
  • 2012: Gary B. Pruitt succeeded Tom Curley to become president and CEO. Pruitt is the 13th leader of the AP in its 166-year history.[41]
  • 2016: The AP reported that income dropped to $1.6 million from $183.6 million in 2015. The 2015 profit figure was bolstered by a one-time, $165 million tax benefit.[42]
  • 2017: The AP moved its headquarters to 200 Liberty Street, New York City.
  • 2018: The AP unveiled AP Votecast to replace exit polls for the 2018 US midterm elections.[43]

Governance

[edit]

The AP is governed by an elected board of directors.[44] Since 2022, the board's chairperson is Gracia C. Martore, former president and CEO of Tegna, Inc.[45]

Conditions of reporting

[edit]

With its more than 100 regional offices, AP also reports from countries where press freedom is restricted, sometimes under adverse circumstances.

United States First Amendment lawsuit

[edit]

In 2025, restrictions preventing AP reporting in the U.S. were imposed by the second Trump administration.[46] In February 2025, two AP reporters were barred from covering several events at the White House, because of the AP refusal to refer to the Gulf of Mexico as the "Gulf of America", as directed by the White House.[47][48][49] The restrictions against AP were extended to other reporting opportunities such as in Air Force One. On February 21, 2025, the AP sued the Trump administration in Associated Press v. Budowich for blocking their attendance.[50][51][52]

On February 24, 2025, a federal judge declined to issue an immediate order compelling the White House to reinstate access to presidential events to AP, although he encouraged the White House to do so. Following the decision, the White House released a statement asserting that "the ability to pose questions to the President of the United States in the Oval Office and aboard Air Force One constitutes a privilege extended to journalists, rather than a legally enshrined right."[53][54][55]

On April 8, 2025, Judge Trevor McFadden ruled that the White House must lift the access restrictions they placed on the AP while the AP v. Budowich lawsuit moves forward.[56][57] On June 6, 2025 the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit imposed a stay upon the lower court's order, allowing the White House to resume barring access to some media events.[58]

Election polls

[edit]

The AP is one of two organizations that collect and verify election results in every city and county across the United States, including races for the U.S. president, the Senate and House of Representatives, and governors as well as other statewide offices.[59] Known for accuracy, the organization has collected and published presidential election data since 1848.[60] Major news outlets rely on the polling data and results provided by the Associated Press before declaring a winner in major political races, particularly the presidential election.[61]

In declaring the winners, the AP has historically relied on a robust network of local reporters with first-hand knowledge of assigned territories who also have long-standing relationships with county clerks as well as other local officials. Moreover, the AP monitors and gathers data from county websites and electronic feeds provided by states. The research team further verifies the results by considering demographics, number of absentee ballots, and other political issues that may have an effect on the final results.[59] In 2018, the AP introduced a new system called AP VoteCast, which was developed together with NORC at the University of Chicago in order to further improve the reliability of its data and overcome biases of its legacy exit poll.[62]

Sports polls

[edit]
Main article: AP Poll

The AP conducts polls for numerous college sports in the United States. The AP college football rankings were created in 1936, and began including the top 25 teams in 1989. Since 1969, the final poll of each season has been released after all bowl games have been played.[63] The AP released its all-time Top 25 in 2016.[64] As of 2017, 22 different programs had finished in the number one spot of the poll since its inception.[65] In the pre-bowl game determination era, the AP poll was often used as the distinction for a national champion in football.

The AP college basketball poll has been used as a guide for which teams deserve national attention. The AP first began its poll of college basketball teams in 1949, and has since conducted over 1,100 polls. The college basketball poll started with 20 teams and was reduced to 10 during the 1960–61 college basketball season. It returned to 20 teams in 1968–69 and expanded to 25 beginning in 1989–90. The final poll for each season is released prior to the conclusion of the NCAA tournament, so all data includes regular season games only. In 2017, The AP released a list of the Top 100 teams of all time. The poll counted poll appearances (one point) and No. 1 rankings (two points) to rank each team.[66]

Sports awards

[edit]

Baseball

[edit]

The AP began its Major League Baseball Manager of the Year Award in 1959, for a manager in each league.[67] From 1984 to 2000, the award was given to one manager in all of MLB.[68] The winners were chosen by a national panel of AP baseball writers and radio men. The award was discontinued in 2001.[67]

Basketball

[edit]

Every year, the AP releases the names of the winners of its AP College Basketball Player of the Year and AP College Basketball Coach of the Year awards. It also honors a group of All-American players.

Football

[edit]

Associated Press Television News

[edit]
Main article: Associated Press Television News
The APTN Building in London

In 1994, London-based Associated Press Television (APTV) was founded to provide agency news material to television broadcasters.[69] In 1998, the AP purchased Worldwide Television News (WTN) from the ABC News division of The Walt Disney Company, Nine Network Australia and ITN London.[69] The AP publishes 70,000 videos and 6,000 hours of live video per year, as of 2016. The agency also provides seven simultaneous live video channels, AP Direct for broadcasters, and six[70] live channels on AP Live Choice for broadcasters and digital publishers. The AP was the first news agency to launch a live video news service in 2003.[71]

AP Stylebook

[edit]
These paragraphs are an excerpt from AP Stylebook.[edit]
Style guides
The Associated Press Stylebook (generally called the AP Stylebook), alternatively titled The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law, is a style and usage guide for American English grammar created by American journalists working for or connected with the Associated Press journalism cooperative based in New York City. The Stylebook offers a basic reference to American English grammar, punctuation, and principles of reporting, including many definitions and rules for usage as well as styles for capitalization, abbreviation, spelling, and numerals.

The first publicly available edition of the book was published in 1953. The first modern edition was published in August 1977 by Lorenz Press. Afterwards, various paperback editions were published by different publishers, including, among others, Turtleback Books, Penguin's Laurel Press, Pearson's Addison-Wesley, and Hachette's Perseus Books and Basic Books. Recent editions are released in several formats, including paperback and flat-lying spiral-bound editions, as well as a digital e-book edition and an online subscription version. Additionally, the AP Stylebook also provides English grammar recommendations through social media, including Twitter,[72] Facebook,[73] Pinterest,[74] and Instagram.[75]

From 1977 to 2005, more than two million copies of the AP Stylebook were sold worldwide, with that number climbing to 2.5 million by 2011.[76][77] Writers in broadcasting, news, magazine publishing, marketing departments, and public relations firms traditionally adopt and apply AP grammar and punctuation styles.

Litigation and controversies

[edit]

AP collaboration with Nazi Germany

[edit]
Further information: Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy § Business collaboration, and Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda

The AP collaborated with Nazi Germany and gave it access to its photographic archives for its antisemitic Nazi propaganda.[78][79] AP also cooperated with the Nazi regime through censorship.[80][78]

In 2017, the German historian Norman Domeier of the University of Vienna brought to wider attention the deal between the AP and the Nazi government related to the interchange of press photos during the period in which the United States was at war with Nazi Germany.[81] This relationship involved the Bureau Laux, run by the Waffen-SS photographer Helmut Laux.[81][82]

The mechanism for this interchange involved a courier flying to Lisbon and back each day transporting photos from and for Nazi Germany's wartime enemy, the United States, via diplomatic pouch. The transactions were initially conducted at the AP bureau under Luiz Lupi in Lisbon, and from 1944, when the exchange via Lisbon took too long, also at the AP bureau in Stockholm under Eddie Shanke. Here, as a cover, the Swedish agency, Pressens Bild [sv], was involved as an intermediary. An estimated 40,000 photos were exchanged between the enemies in this way.[83] The AP was kicked out of Nazi Germany when the United States entered World War II in December 1941.[82]

Israeli–Palestinian conflict

[edit]

In his book Broken Spring: An American-Israeli Reporter's Close-up View of How Egyptians Lost Their Struggle for Freedom, former AP correspondent, Mark Lavie, who is an American-Israeli Orthodox Jew, claimed that the editorial line of the Cairo bureau was that the conflict was Israel's fault and the Arabs and Palestinians were blameless.[84][85][86] Israeli journalist Matti Friedman accused the AP of killing a story he wrote about the "war of words", "between Israel and its critics in human rights organizations", in the aftermath of the Israel/Gaza conflict of 2008–09.[84]

Tuvia Grossman photograph

[edit]

On September 29, 2000, the first day of the Second Intifada, the AP published a photograph of a badly-bloodied young man behind whom a police officer could be seen with a baton raised in a menacing fashion; a gas station with Hebrew lettering could also be seen in the background.[87][88][89] The AP labelled it with the caption "An Israeli policeman and a Palestinian on the Temple Mount", and the picture and caption were subsequently published in several major American newspapers, including the New York Times.[90][87][89] In reality, the injured man in the photograph was a Jewish yeshiva student from Chicago named Tuvia Grossman, and the police officer, a Druze named Gidon Tzefadi, was protecting Grossman from a Palestinian mob who had clubbed, stoned, and stabbed Grossman.[90][87] There are also no gas stations with Hebrew lettering on the Temple Mount.[87][88][89][91]

The episode is often cited by those who accuse the media of having an anti-Israel bias, and was the impetus for the founding of HonestReporting.[91][92][93][94] After a letter from Grossman's father noted the error, the AP, the New York Times, and other papers published corrections; despite these corrections, the photograph continues to be used by critics of Israel as a symbol of Israeli aggression and violence.[87][89][91][95]

Israeli airstrike on AP office building

[edit]

During the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis, the Israeli army destroyed the al-Jalaa Highrise, a building housing the AP's Gaza offices and Al Jazeera offices. Israel stated that the building housed Hamas military intelligence and had given advanced warning of the strike, and no civilians were harmed.[96][97] AP CEO Gary Pruitt released a statement on May 16, stating that he "had no indication Hamas was in the building" and called on the Israeli government to provide the evidence. He said that "the world will know less about what is happening in Gaza because of what happened today."[98]

On May 17, US secretary of state Antony Blinken said he had not seen any evidence that Hamas operated from the building housing the AP and Al Jazeera, but it is the job of others to handle intelligence matters. Israel reportedly shared intelligence with American officials and U.S. president Joe Biden showing Hamas offices inside the building.[99]

Reporters Without Borders asked the International Criminal Court to investigate the bombing as a possible war crime.[100]

On June 8, the Israeli ambassador to the US, Gilad Erdan, met with AP CEO Gary Pruitt and vice president for foreign news, Ian Phillips, to discuss the operation. In coordination with the IDF, Erdan said the site was used by Hamas intelligence officials to develop and carry out electronic warfare operations,[101] and that IDF did not suspect the AP was aware of the alleged covert Hamas presence. After the meeting the AP stated "We have yet to receive evidence to support these claims".[102] Erdan later tweeted "Israel is willing to assist AP in rebuilding its offices and operations in Gaza."[102]

Firing of Emily Wilder

[edit]

In May 2021, the AP said it would launch a review of its social media policies after questions were raised about the firing of a journalist who expressed pro-Palestinian views on social media. The announcement came after some AP journalists signed a letter expressing concern over the termination of former news associate Emily Wilder, whom the AP said committed multiple violations of the company's social media policy. The AP has said that Wilder's previous activism played no role in her termination.[103]

Removal of Israel-Palestine livestream

[edit]

In May 2024, Israeli officials seized equipment broadcasting a live stream of Northern Gaza from the town of Sderot as part of a ban on Al Jazeera Media in Israel which had received footage from the broadcast. The move was condemned by multiple journalism organizations, Israeli opposition politicians, and US government officials. In a press briefing, the spokesperson for the National Security Council commented on the seizure, saying "The White House and the State Department immediately engaged with the government of Israel at high levels to express our serious concern and ask them to reverse this action."[104] Later that day, Israeli Communication Minister Shlomo Karhi announced via Twitter that the equipment would be returned to the AP and the Israeli Government would review the positioning of the AP broadcast to determine if it posed a security risk.[105]

Kidnapping of Tina Susman

[edit]

In 1994, Tina Susman was on her fourth trip to Somalia, reporting for the AP. She was reporting on U.S. peacekeeping troops leaving the country. Somali rebels outnumbered her bodyguards in Mogadishu,[106] dragged her from her car in broad daylight,[107] and held her for 20 days. She told The Quill that she believes being a woman was an advantage in her experience there.[108] The AP had requested news organizations including The New York Times, the Chicago Tribune, and The Washington Post to suppress the story to discourage the emboldening of the kidnappers.[107][109]

Christopher Newton

[edit]

In September 2002, Washington, D.C. bureau reporter Christopher Newton, an AP reporter since 1994, was fired after he was accused of fabricating sources since 2000, including at least 40 people and organizations. Prior to his firing, Newton had been focused on writing about federal law-enforcement while based at the Justice Department. Some of the nonexistent agencies quoted in his stories included "Education Alliance", the "Institute for Crime and Punishment in Chicago", "Voice for the Disabled", and "People for Civil Rights".[110]

FBI impersonation case

[edit]

In 2007, an FBI agent working in Seattle impersonated an AP journalist and infected the computer of a 15-year-old suspect with a malicious surveillance software.[111][112] The incident sparked a strongly worded statement from the AP demanding the bureau never impersonate a member of the news media again.[113] In September 2016 the incident resulted in a report by the Justice Department, which the AP said "effectively condone[d] the FBI's impersonation".[114][115] In December 2017, following a US court appearance, a judge ruled in favor of the AP in a lawsuit against the FBI for fraudulently impersonating a member of the news media in conjunction with the 2007 case.[116][117]

Fair-use controversy

[edit]

In June 2008, the AP sent numerous DMCA take-down demands and threatened legal action against several blogs. The AP contended that the internet blogs were violating the AP's copyright by linking to AP material and using headlines and short summaries in those links. Many bloggers and experts noted that the use of the AP news fell squarely under commonly accepted internet practices and within fair-use standards.[118] Others noted and demonstrated that the AP routinely takes similar excerpts from other sources, often without attribution or licenses. The AP responded that it was defining standards regarding citations of AP news.[119]

Shepard Fairey

[edit]

In March 2009, the AP counter-sued artist Shepard Fairey over his famous image of Barack Obama, saying the uncredited, uncompensated use of an AP photo violated copyright laws and signaled a threat to journalism. Fairey had sued the AP the previous month over his artwork, titled "Obama Hope" and "Obama Progress", arguing that he did not violate copyright law because he dramatically changed the image. The artwork, based on an April 2006 picture taken for the AP by Mannie Garcia, was a popular image during the 2008 presidential election and now hangs in the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. According to the AP's lawsuit filed in federal court in Manhattan, Fairey knowingly "misappropriated The AP's rights in that image". The suit asked the court to award the AP profits made off the image and damages. Fairey said he looked forward to "upholding the free expression rights at stake here" and disproving the AP's accusations.[120] In January 2011, the suit was settled with neither side declaring their position to be wrong but agreeing to share reproduction rights and profits from Fairey's work.[121]

All Headline News

[edit]

In January 2008, the AP sued competitor All Headline News (AHN) claiming that AHN allegedly infringed on its copyrights and a contentious "quasi-property" right to facts.[122][123] The AP complaint asserted that AHN reporters had copied facts from AP news reports without permission and without paying a syndication fee. After AHN moved to dismiss all but the copyright claims set forth by the AP, a majority of the lawsuit was dismissed.[124] The case has been dismissed and both parties settled.[125]

Hoax tweet and flash crash

[edit]

On April 23, 2013, hackers posted a tweet to AP's Twitter account about fictional attacks on the White House, falsely claiming that President Obama had been injured.[126] The hoax caused a flash crash on the American stock markets, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average briefly falling by 143 points.[127]

Justice Department subpoena of phone records

[edit]
Main article: 2013 Department of Justice investigations of reporters

On May 13, 2013, the AP announced that telephone records for 20 of their reporters during a two-month period in 2012 had been subpoenaed by the U.S. Justice Department and described these acts as a "massive and unprecedented intrusion" into news-gathering operations.[128][129] The AP reported that the Justice Department would not say why it sought the records, but sources stated that the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia's office was conducting a criminal investigation into a May 7, 2012 AP story about a CIA operation that prevented a terrorist plot to detonate an explosive device on a commercial flight.[130] The DOJ did not direct subpoenas to the AP, instead going to their phone providers, including Verizon Wireless.[131] U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder testified under oath in front of the House Judiciary Committee that he recused himself from the leak investigations to avoid any appearance of a conflict of interest. Holder said his Deputy Attorney General, James M. Cole, was in charge of the AP investigation and would have ordered the subpoenas.[132]

Migrant boat NFT

[edit]

On January 10, 2022, AP announced it would start selling non-fungible tokens (NFTs) of their photographs in partnership with a company named Xooa, with the proceeds being used to fund their operations.[133] One of the NFTs they promoted on Twitter on 24 February was an aerial shot depicting an overcrowded migrant boat in the Mediterranean Sea. The tweet received negative backlash from users and other journalists, with AP being accused of profiting off of human suffering and the picture choice being "dystopian" and "in extremely poor taste". The tweet was subsequently deleted and the NFT, which was to be sold the next day, was pulled from market. Global director of media relations Lauren Easton apologized, saying "This was a poor choice of imagery for an NFT. It has not and will not be put up for auction ... AP's NFT marketplace is a very early pilot program, and we are immediately reviewing our efforts".[134][135] No further NFTs were announced or sold.

Awards

[edit]

The AP has earned 59 Pulitzer Prizes, including 36 for photography, since the award was established in 1917.[136] In May 2020, Dar Yasin, Mukhtar Khan, and Channi Anand of the AP were honored with the 2020 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography.[137] The choice caused controversy,[138][139][140] because it was taken by some as questioning "India's legitimacy over Kashmir" as it had used the word "independence" in regard to revocation of Article 370.[141]

The AP won an Oscar[142] in 2024 for the documentary film 20 Days in Mariupol, a first-person account[143] of the early days of Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

See also

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References

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Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Associated Press

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The Associated Press (AP) is an independent, not-for-profit cooperative founded in 1846 by five newspapers seeking efficient coverage of the Mexican-American War, marking the first private-sector national organization in the United States. Owned by its approximately 1,300 U.S. newspaper and broadcaster members, which elect a to oversee operations, AP gathers and distributes factual reports, photographs, videos, and data to subscribers worldwide through text, broadcast, and digital formats. Headquartered in with bureaus in more than 100 countries, it employs thousands of journalists focused on advancing the power of facts amid a media landscape where empirical verification often competes with interpretive biases. AP has earned 59 Pulitzer Prizes since 1917, including 36 for , recognizing its contributions to , investigative reporting, and visual documentation of global events such as wars and disasters. Its and efforts influence journalistic standards, though the organization has drawn scrutiny for adopting terminology and framing that analyses identify as left-leaning, such as in coverage of political figures and social issues, potentially reflecting broader institutional tendencies toward progressive narratives over strict neutrality. Despite self-proclaimed dedication to nonpartisan factual reporting, critics argue this structure enables subtle advocacy, as seen in stylebook changes prioritizing emotive language over precise descriptors, which can distort causal understandings of events.

History

Founding and Early Development (1846–1900)

The Associated Press was established in May 1846 when five New York City daily newspapers—the New York Sun, New York Herald, New York Tribune, New York Journal of Commerce, and New York Courier and Enquirer—agreed to pool resources for covering the Mexican-American War. This cooperative arrangement, initiated by Sun publisher Moses Yale Beach, marked the first private-sector national news-gathering organization in the United States, aimed at reducing individual costs by sharing dispatches transmitted via a dedicated pony express route from New Orleans through Alabama to telegraph stations in the Northeast. Initially operating under the name New York Associated Press, the organization focused on factual, nonpartisan reporting to serve papers across political lines, emphasizing "dry matters of fact" without interpretation, as later formalized by its first Washington bureau chief, Lawrence Gobright, appointed in 1856. News was gathered through couriers on horseback and , enabling faster delivery than the U.S. , with early successes including rapid war updates that undercut competitors reliant on slower official channels. By the late 1840s, it expanded to coverage, such as the 1848 presidential race, solidifying its role as a central hub for timely national news. The advent of the telegraph revolutionized operations in the 1850s, shifting from physical couriers to wire transmission and prompting a 1856 reorganization that established formal procedures and permanent bureaus in Washington, D.C., and . During the Civil War (1861–1865), AP leveraged over 50,000 miles of telegraph lines laid by the U.S. Military Telegraph Corps to deliver battlefield reports within a day, including direct access to President Lincoln and coverage of events like the 1863 by correspondent Joseph Ignatius Gilbert. This period also saw the formation of regional affiliates, such as the Western Associated Press in in 1862 and its incorporation in in 1865, extending cooperative coverage westward. Technological advancements continued into the late , including the 1866 transatlantic cable for international links and the 1877 manifolding , which allowed simultaneous production of 12 to 26 dispatch copies for efficient distribution. By 1892, AP incorporated in through the merger of major regional associations (New York, Southern, and Western), centralizing governance and expanding membership to include more newspapers nationwide while maintaining its nonprofit cooperative model. This structure supported comprehensive coverage of domestic events, such as the 1864 election where AP dispatches highlighted soldier voting trends aiding Lincoln's reelection, underscoring its growing influence in shaping public information flows.

Expansion and World Wars Era (1900–1945)

In 1900, the Associated Press underwent a significant reorganization through incorporation under New York state law on May 22, establishing a more unified corporate structure and facilitating its relocation from Chicago to New York City, which centralized editorial and operational functions. This shift supported rapid expansion of its domestic wire services, as the AP invested heavily in private leased telegraph lines—building on earlier 1875 innovations—to bypass commercial telegraph monopolies like Western Union, ensuring faster transmission of news reports to member newspapers across the United States. By the 1910s, the AP's network spanned thousands of miles, serving over 1,200 newspapers and enabling real-time coverage of national events, though its restrictive bylaws limiting membership to one newspaper per city drew antitrust scrutiny in federal courts, culminating in prolonged legal battles over exclusivity. The onset of World War I in 1914 accelerated the AP's international growth, prompting the dispatch of correspondents to for on-the-ground reporting from battlefronts in , , and , with dispatches transmitted via transatlantic cables and emerging wireless technology. The agency maintained neutrality amid U.S. until 1917, providing factual bulletins on military developments, troop movements, and diplomatic maneuvers to American outlets, which bolstered its reputation for reliable, unembellished war news without editorializing. Post-armistice, the AP consolidated gains by opening permanent foreign bureaus, including in , , and by 1929, driven partly by rivalry with competitors like United Press, which expanded the agency's global reach to cover interwar events such as the rise of and economic turmoil. During World War II, the AP mobilized approximately 200 reporters and photographers across theaters from Europe to the Pacific, producing dispatches on pivotal moments including the D-Day landings and the Battle of the Bulge, often under hazardous conditions that resulted in casualties such as the execution of correspondent Joseph Morton by Nazi forces in January 1945 after his capture during the Ardennes offensive. In Nazi Germany, the AP's Berlin bureau operated under stringent censorship from 1933 onward, yet a 2017 internal review documented accurate reporting of events like the 1938 Kristallnacht pogroms and the regime's early aggressions, attributing successes to journalists' ingenuity in circumventing controls. However, to sustain photo distribution, the AP in 1941 signed an exclusive contract with the Nazi-controlled Deutsche Presse-Agentur (successor to Wolff's Bureau), granting access to regime-approved images in exchange for non-competing U.S. material, a arrangement critics later highlighted as compromising independence, though the AP maintained it preserved vital visual documentation without altering textual reportage. The war's end in 1945 coincided with a landmark U.S. Supreme Court antitrust ruling in Associated Press v. United States, which invalidated the agency's bylaws restricting non-member access, paving the way for membership growth from around 1,400 to over 1,700 newspapers by decade's close and affirming its model amid postwar global demands.

Post-War Growth and Challenges (1945–2000)

Following the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in Associated Press v. United States on June 18, 1945, which deemed certain AP bylaws restrictive under the , the organization revised its membership policies to permit broader access, facilitating expansion amid post-war demand for news services. This shift contributed to serving nearly 1,800 U.S. newspapers and 3,500 international outlets by 1960. Under general manager Frank J. Starzel, appointed in 1948, AP enhanced technological capabilities, including the rollout of Teletypesetter (TTS) service in 1951 for automated typesetting and the extension of and radioteletype (RTT) networks to 87 countries by the mid-1950s. These innovations supported coverage of major events like the , where AP correspondent William R. Moore was killed in 1950 and Frank Noel endured 32 months in captivity after capture on December 1, 1950. The 1950s and 1960s marked accelerated international growth through AP World Services, distributing content to over 80 countries, alongside the formation of the Associated Press Radio-Television Association in 1954 to address rising broadcast demands. Revenue reached $44 million by 1962, reflecting expanded client bases amid reporting challenges, including the imprisonment of correspondent William Oatis in from 1951 to 1953. Competition intensified with (UPI), which by 1959 served 6,208 clients across 92 countries, pressuring AP to innovate in speed and scope while maintaining cooperative funding from members. By the late 1960s, partnerships like the 1967 collaboration with for business news further diversified offerings. Into the and , AP's global network grew to over bureaus in more than 70 countries by 1984, delivering to 1,300 daily newspapers, 5,700 U.S. broadcast stations, and 8,500 foreign subscribers. Revenue climbed to $329 million by 1991, though adaptation to transmission starting in 1982 and video services posed financial strains from high operational costs. UPI's ongoing , coupled with a dismissed antitrust suit alleging AP's dominance in feeds, highlighted competitive pressures. The 1990s saw further diversification with the 1994 launch of APTV for global video newsgathering and the 1996 WIRE internet service, boosting revenue to $494.5 million by 1998 amid a workforce of 3,100, yet underscoring challenges in shifting from print-centric models to multimedia amid declining traditional newspaper revenues.

Digital Transformation and Modern Era (2000–present)

In the early 2000s, the Associated Press intensified its shift toward digital delivery amid the rapid growth of online news consumption, investing millions in technological upgrades to support video, audio, and text distribution beyond traditional . This included partnerships to integrate AP content into web services, enabling real-time updates and broader accessibility for digital publishers. The agency expanded its multimedia capabilities, leveraging the 1998 formation of Associated Press Television News (APTN) to provide feeds that grew significantly in the decade, adapting to broadcasters' demands for internet-compatible formats. These efforts reflected a broader pivot from wire services reliant on newspaper revenues, which began declining as migrated online, forcing AP to diversify income through digital licensing and direct web partnerships. A landmark in came in 2014 when AP partnered with Automated Insights to deploy software for financial reporting, automating the production of quarterly corporate earnings stories. This initiative boosted output from roughly 300 manually written articles to over 4,000 per quarter, reducing routine workload and reallocating journalists to investigative work, though it sparked debates on the role of human oversight in factual accuracy. Building on this, AP extended AI applications in the 2020s to tasks such as alerts, content summarization, transcription, and generation, including five AI-driven projects in 2023 funded by the to enhance efficiency in under-resourced areas. Under CEO Daisy Veerasingham, appointed in August 2021, the agency transformed its video operations into a multichannel digital platform, emphasizing and on-demand access to counter fragmentation in . Financial strains from digital disruption—exacerbated by reduced fees and competition from free aggregators—prompted cost-cutting measures, including an 8% workforce reduction announced in November 2024, with most cuts via voluntary buyouts and less than half affecting staff, to redirect resources toward AI and digital . In June 2023, AP unveiled a redesigned consumer and forthcoming app to boost direct engagement, aiming for scalable digital growth amid industry-wide revenue pressures. These adaptations underscore AP's strategy to maintain factual wire dominance in a fragmented ecosystem, prioritizing technological augmentation over replacement while navigating ethical concerns around AI transparency and bias mitigation in outputs.

Governance and Organizational Structure

Ownership Model and Nonprofit Status

The Associated Press functions as a not-for-profit news cooperative, owned collectively by its approximately 1,300 daily newspaper and broadcaster members in the United States, who elect its board of directors and participate in governance according to bylaws established in its certificate of incorporation. This structure, dating to its reorganization in 1900, ensures that no single entity holds controlling ownership, with members contributing original content and paying mandatory assessment fees scaled to their circulation sizes or broadcast revenues—totaling over $600 million annually as of recent financial reports—to fund operations in exchange for unlimited access to AP's wire services. The model prioritizes operational independence from private shareholders or advertisers, directing any surpluses toward journalistic enhancements rather than profit distribution, though critics argue it can reflect the aggregated editorial leanings of member outlets, many of which exhibit systemic institutional biases observed in mainstream U.S. media. Unlike for-profit news agencies such as Reuters or Bloomberg, AP's cooperative framework prohibits stock ownership or external equity investments, insulating it from market-driven pressures that might prioritize sensationalism over factual reporting; members' financial obligations and content-sharing requirements foster a pooled resource system that has sustained global coverage since 1846. However, this member-driven model has faced antitrust scrutiny historically, including a 1945 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Associated Press v. United States that struck down restrictive bylaws limiting non-member access, prompting reforms to broaden participation while preserving core cooperative principles. AP holds not-for-profit status under New York state law as a membership corporation, exempt from federal income taxes on its primary activities due to its mutual benefit structure serving journalistic purposes, though it does not operate as a charitable 501(c)(3) entity distributing public goods without member reciprocity. In June 2024, AP announced plans for a separate 501(c)(3) nonprofit affiliate aimed at raising at least $100 million to bolster state and local reporting amid "news deserts," governed independently to solicit philanthropic funds without altering the core cooperative's ownership or operations. This initiative underscores efforts to adapt the traditional model to digital-era revenue challenges, where membership assessments alone have proven insufficient against declining print circulations, yet it maintains separation to avoid diluting the incentive-aligned governance of the primary organization.

Leadership and Decision-Making Processes

The Associated Press operates under the leadership of President and Chief Executive Officer Daisy Veerasingham, who was appointed to the role effective June 15, 2021, succeeding Gary Pruitt after serving as the organization's . Veerasingham oversees the executive leadership team, which includes senior vice presidents for news strategy, global operations, and other functions, responsible for day-to-day management of the cooperative's 3,300 employees across bureaus worldwide. Recent updates to the news leadership, announced on January 29, 2025, include Michael Giarrusso as Vice President of News Strategy, tasked with guiding content prioritization and resource allocation amid evolving digital demands. Governance is provided by a elected by AP's approximately 1,300 member news organizations, including newspapers, broadcasters, and digital outlets, which collectively own the not-for-profit and assess one vote per member regardless of size. The board sets corporate direction per AP bylaws, focusing on financial sustainability, strategic partnerships, and adherence to the organization's mission of factual reporting, while the executive team executes operations. This structure, rooted in the model established in , aims to align interests among members who contribute and receive content, though it can introduce tensions when large members exert informal influence on coverage priorities. Editorial decision-making follows a hierarchical process where journalists propose stories based on newsworthiness criteria—such as impact, proximity, and timeliness—subject to by desk editors, bureau chiefs, and senior news executives to enforce standards against and inaccuracy. The AP's emphasize verifiable facts, multiple sourcing, and avoidance of opinion, with final approvals often resting with the vice president for standards or equivalent roles to ensure consistency across wire services. In specialized areas like projections, decisions rely on statistical models analyzing vote tallies, turnout data, and VoteCast surveys of over 120,000 respondents, requiring consensus among data analysts, reporters, and before public declarations. Member organizations provide input via annual meetings and advisory committees, influencing resource deployment but not individual story content, preserving editorial autonomy. Critics, including media watchdogs, have questioned whether this process sufficiently counters institutional pressures, citing instances where story selection appeared to favor narratives aligned with prevailing elite consensus, as evidenced by content analyses from organizations like the documenting disproportionate negative coverage of conservative figures between 2016 and 2024. AP maintains that internal reviews and diverse staffing mitigate such risks, though transparency on specific algorithmic or committee-based selections remains limited.

Operations and Services

Core News Wire and Content Syndication

The Associated Press's core function as a wire service involves the collection, verification, and real-time distribution of factual reporting to subscribing media entities worldwide, enabling efficient news dissemination without each outlet maintaining extensive foreign or specialized bureaus. Operating as a not-for-profit primarily owned by its U.S. member newspapers and broadcasters, AP employs journalists across 235 bureaus in 94 countries to produce original content, which is then fed electronically to clients for adaptation or direct publication, typically credited with "(AP)". This model traces to its origins in pooled telegraph dispatches among New York newspapers to share costs for remote coverage, evolving into a standardized wire format that by the early reached thousands of outlets via leased lines. Daily output includes approximately 1,260 text stories, supplemented by visuals and data, delivered through an AI-enhanced platform that integrates text, photos, and video into client editorial systems for seamless syndication. Subscribers, including over 1,300 U.S. newspapers and the majority of broadcast stations, gain access via tiered fees or membership assessments scaled to circulation or audience size, allowing unlimited use of wire material while prohibiting resale or alteration in ways that misrepresent facts. Non-U.S. and non-member entities subscribe separately, contributing to AP's reach across more than 1,000 international clients, though exact current totals fluctuate with media consolidations. This syndication generates the bulk of AP's revenue—estimated at over $800 million annually in recent years—through licensing rather than or direct consumer sales, sustaining independent reporting amid declining traditional media. The wire's neutrality protocols emphasize datelined, unattributed facts over opinion, with content structured for modularity: leads summarize essentials, followed by details for editors to truncate or expand. Syndication extends beyond news to specialized feeds like sports results or election tallies, often powering real-time updates on client platforms; for instance, AP's vote counts are licensed to networks during U.S. elections, influencing public discourse through aggregated precinct data. Challenges include adapting to digital fragmentation, where wire stories compete with aggregators, prompting AP to diversify into multimedia embeds while preserving the cooperative's emphasis on shared cost-efficiency for verifiable sourcing over interpretive analysis.

Multimedia Services (Photography, Video, and Data)

The Associated Press initiated its photography services with the launch of on January 1, 1935, enabling the transmission of photographs via telephone wires alongside text stories, which marked a significant advancement in visual dissemination. This technology allowed AP to deliver images rapidly to newspapers, revolutionizing the speed and integration of visual content in reporting. By the , AP upgraded to the Laserphoto system, which improved transmission speed and image resolution, further enhancing the quality of distributed photographs. Today, AP maintains an extensive photo archive for licensing, including historical and contemporary images used in and media production. AP's video services, operated under Associated Press Video, provide global coverage through live feeds, digital clips, and an archive exceeding 2 million pieces of footage spanning various genres. The agency pioneered a live news video service in 2003, offering multicamera coverage of major events across seven channels for broadcasters and digital publishers. Platforms like the AP Video Hub deliver , , interviews, and enterprise content, supporting storytelling for clients worldwide. In services, AP supplies event-driven datasets, historical election archives, machine-readable news feeds, and current for enterprise reporting, aiding journalists in analysis and visualization. The organization's team produces visualizations and tools to enhance reporting, including interactive elements that allow users to explore underlying , as demonstrated in collaborations using platforms like . AP also supports local newsrooms by sharing localized outputs, increasing publication speed and management efficiency. These services integrate with AP's broader multimedia offerings to provide comprehensive, verifiable content for news organizations.

Polls, Sports Coverage, and Specialized Awards

The Associated Press collaborates with NORC at the through the AP-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research to conduct polls using probability-based sampling methods, focusing on topics such as presidential approval, economic concerns, , and emerging issues like artificial intelligence's environmental impact. Established to provide robust, nonpartisan data for , the center produces monthly national polls and specialized surveys, including the AAPI Data/AP-NORC Monthly Poll targeting Asian American and Pacific Islander communities. For elections, AP employs AP VoteCast, a large-scale survey of voters conducted in partnership with NORC and , which gathers responses from over 100,000 participants to analyze turnout and preferences. Recent examples include an 2025 poll showing rising American concerns about job availability amid economic shifts, with 45% expressing high worry levels, and another indicating 25% favorable views of President Trump among adults, down from 44% earlier in the year. In sports coverage, AP delivers real-time game updates, in-depth analysis, and content across major leagues including the , NBA, MLB, NHL, and soccer, serving as a primary wire service for thousands of outlets worldwide. This includes historical archives and specialized hubs tracking milestones, such as the New York Yankees' rare three-peat wins. A cornerstone of AP's sports operations is the AP Top 25 poll, initiated in 1936 for , where a panel of media members ranks teams weekly based on performance, strength of schedule, and other factors; it influences national perceptions and playoff discussions. AP extended similar polls to men's and women's basketball, with the women's poll marking its 50th anniversary in 2025, underscoring AP's role in standardizing rankings amid evolving college athletics. Recent 2025 rankings placed Ohio State at No. 1 in football after a 7-0 start, reflecting voter consensus on undefeated records and head-to-head results. AP administers specialized awards in sports, notably the AP NFL Coach of the Year, selected annually by a panel of AP sports writers and broadcasters evaluating regular-season performance, turnaround success, and team achievements. holds the record with four wins across his career with the and . In 2024, Minnesota Vikings head coach Kevin O'Connell received the honor, earning 24 of 49 first-place votes for guiding the team to 14 wins with quarterback , announced at the on February 6, 2025. These awards highlight AP's influence in recognizing coaching excellence, distinct from league honors like the version.

AP Stylebook and Editorial Guidelines

The , initially compiled in 1953 and now in its 57th edition as of , functions as the core reference for standardized journalistic writing and editing practices at the Associated Press and beyond. It establishes rules for , , , abbreviations, , numerals, and titles to promote clarity, brevity, accuracy, and uniformity in news reporting across diverse publications and platforms. Widely adopted by U.S. newsrooms, wire services, and educational institutions, the Stylebook addresses evolving topics through annual updates, including dedicated sections on , , , health, data , , , and polls/surveys, alongside guidance on and source attribution. Complementing stylistic rules, the AP Stylebook incorporates journalistic conventions such as attributing information to sources, avoiding , and structuring leads for immediate , which underpin factual and efficient . Digital editions and online subscriptions provide tools like "Ask the Editor" queries and style-checking software, reflecting adaptations to and online journalism since the . These elements aim to minimize ambiguity and enhance readability, with enforcement varying by outlet but serving as an industry benchmark for professional consistency. AP editorial guidelines, detailed in the organization's Statement of News Values and Principles (last revised in ), outline broader standards for ethical reporting to ensure independence, accuracy, and impartiality. Core tenets mandate seeking and reporting truth through verified facts, minimizing harm by weighing against and , maintaining from commercial or political influences, and upholding via transparent and disclosures. Journalists must identify themselves during sourcing, corroborate information from multiple outlets when possible, and avoid fabrication, , or undisclosed conflicts of interest, such as financial ties or advocacy roles. These principles explicitly prohibit opinion infusion into straight news, requiring separation of from reporting and labeling subjective content clearly. On sensitive topics like elections or conflicts, guidelines stress balancing perspectives without and prioritizing verifiable data over speculation. Internal reviews and external audits reinforce adherence, though critics, including media watchdogs, have questioned consistent application amid allegations of selective framing in coverage of ideological issues. Prompt error corrections are required, published with equal prominence to original stories, and the AP's nonprofit structure is cited as enabling resistance to advertiser pressure.

Editorial Standards and Practices

Reporting Conditions and Objectivity Protocols

The Associated Press maintains a Statement of News Values and Principles, updated as of 2024, which serves as the core framework for its reporting standards, emphasizing the pursuit of truth through accurate, fair, and unbiased coverage. This document mandates that journalists identify themselves as AP staff when seeking interviews, prioritize verifiable facts over speculation, and obtain managerial approval for anonymous sourcing only when the information is vital, unavailable otherwise, and corroborated by multiple means. It explicitly prohibits blending news with opinion, requiring stories to reflect all relevant perspectives proportionally to their significance, while avoiding or that could imply judgment. Reporting conditions under these protocols include structural independence as a member-owned , with no direct or advertiser influence dictating content, enabling global operations from over 250 bureaus as of 2025. Journalists are required to disclose conflicts of interest, such as financial ties or personal relationships with sources, and to recuse themselves if could be compromised; use is restricted to prevent public expressions that undermine neutrality. Training aligns with the and internal workshops, focusing on fact verification, diverse sourcing, and ethical decision-making, though specific programs emphasize adherence to principles rather than formal ideological neutrality certification. Assessments of AP's objectivity reveal mixed outcomes despite these protocols. Independent bias raters, including , classify AP as neutral in bias with high reliability based on analyst reviews of article language and sourcing balance as of 2023. However, Media Bias Chart shifted AP to "Lean Left" in 2024 following blind surveys and editorial reviews, citing tendencies to justify left-leaning perspectives more frequently and underrepresent conservative viewpoints in framing. Similarly, rates it left-center due to patterns in story selection—such as disproportionate emphasis on progressive issues—and fact-checking that targets right-leaning claims more often, evidenced in analyses of 2020-2024 coverage. These findings align with broader empirical studies on wire services, where computational of AP articles from 2016-2022 detected subtle left-leaning word choices in political reporting, potentially stemming from demographics in urban media hubs. AP defends its practices as evidence-based, attributing criticisms to differing interpretive lenses rather than systemic deviation.

Fact-Checking Mechanisms and Internal Reviews

The Associated Press maintains accuracy as a foundational principle, requiring journalists to rely on authoritative sources and verify through multiple corroborations where possible, particularly for anonymous sourcing which demands approval from news managers to ensure reliability and direct knowledge. Stories undergo internal editing processes that include by editors, with prohibitions on manipulating audio, video, or photographs beyond minor technical adjustments like cropping or normalization to preserve original meaning and context. This pre-publication review aims to eliminate errors, speculation, and bias, drawing on in-house expertise from beat reporters in areas such as and . Post-publication, the AP operates a dedicated Fact Check team that scrutinizes claims from public figures, political statements, and viral online content, isolating false or misleading assertions and countering them with evidence from verifiable sources under standards certified by the International Fact-Checking Network. Fact checks prioritize significant, trending —such as exaggerated political rhetoric or fabricated stories—while avoiding opinion-based judgments and focusing on empirical discrepancies, as outlined in internal guidelines from the for Standards. These efforts extend beyond to and specialized beats, reflecting an evolution from checks in the to systematic debunking. Internal reviews for errors or complaints involve immediate escalation to supervisors, with senior editors consulted for potential retractions or neutrality assessments; audio or visual authenticity disputes trigger managerial oversight. The AP's corrections policy mandates prompt labeling of fixes as "corrections" without euphemisms, disseminating them via advisories to subscribers, editor's notes in online stories, or on-air acknowledgments in broadcasts, while erroneous posts are deleted and replaced. This process, rooted in principles updated as recently as 2024, underscores a commitment to transparency, though reliance on internal hierarchies may limit independent auditing.

Influence and Media Role

Impact on Global Journalism and News Dissemination

The Associated Press (AP), established in 1846 as a wire service, revolutionized news dissemination by pooling resources from member newspapers to share telegraph reports, enabling faster and broader coverage of events like the Mexican-American War. This model reduced costs for individual outlets and standardized factual reporting, laying the groundwork for modern global journalism where wire services supply raw dispatches to thousands of subscribers. By the early , AP's expansion into radio and further amplified its reach, with innovations like in 1935 allowing real-time image transmission worldwide. Today, AP operates bureaus with journalists in nearly 100 countries and all 50 U.S. states, producing over 2,000 stories daily that reach approximately 4 billion people through syndication to about 15,000 media outlets globally. Its content, distributed in English, Spanish, and , serves as a for international news in regions with limited local resources, influencing editorial agendas by prioritizing stories on , conflicts, and disasters. Smaller publications and broadcasters often republish AP material verbatim or with minimal adaptation, magnifying its framing of events across print, broadcast, and digital platforms. In the digital era, AP's online and multimedia services, including video feeds viewed by millions on platforms like (with nearly 3.5 million subscribers as of recent reports), have extended this influence to and mobile audiences. AP's dominance in wire services fosters efficiency in global news flow but also creates dependencies; outlets in developing countries rely heavily on its dispatches for coverage beyond their capacity, potentially homogenizing perspectives on distant events. During major crises, such as wars or elections, AP's early reporting—often cited as the initial source—shapes subsequent narratives, as seen in its role disseminating updates from conflict zones with on-the-ground bureaus. This structural impact underscores AP's function as a agenda-setter, where its selection and verification of facts ripple through interconnected media ecosystems, though reliance on a few agencies like AP can limit viewpoint diversity if sourcing or emphasis patterns emerge.

Role in Elections, Sports, and Public Discourse

The Associated Press (AP) has served as a in U.S. reporting since , independently tallying votes from state and local officials to declare winners across thousands of races, from the to local contests, thereby shaping immediate public understanding of electoral outcomes. On election nights, AP's Decision Desk employs a rigorous process integrating raw vote counts, historical turnout patterns, and proprietary VoteCast surveys of over 120,000 voters in to project results, achieving a track record of accuracy that positions it as the for media outlets worldwide. This declaration authority, exercised without reliance on other networks' calls, can influence real-time discourse, as seen in the cycle when AP's projections drove record 232 million page views over three days and prompted swift concessions or challenges based on its assessments. AP's methodology emphasizes empirical vote data over predictive models, reducing errors but occasionally delaying calls amid mail-in ballot surges, as occurred in battleground states during the 2020 election. In , AP exerts significant influence through its syndication of game recaps, statistics, and analysis to over 1,300 newspapers and broadcasters, standardizing coverage of leagues like the , NBA, MLB, and NHL while providing access to athletes and events that smaller outlets cannot match. Its , originating in 1936 for and expanded to and other sports, ranks teams based on media votes and has historically guided public perceptions of , conference strengths, and playoff seeding—such as influencing NCAA tournament discussions where discrepancies with other polls like the spark debates. AP's annual awards, including Male and Female , further embed it in discourse by recognizing performers like in 2024, whose dual-threat feats were highlighted in AP narratives adopted globally, thereby elevating individual legacies and sport-specific trends. This wire service model amplifies AP's role in agenda-setting for sports media, where its real-time reporting on milestones—e.g., the New York Yankees' 27th win on October 25, 2025—often becomes the factual backbone for fan and analyst conversations. AP shapes broader public as a foundational wire service whose stories, polls, and fact checks are republished by thousands of outlets, effectively priming national conversations on issues from debates to cultural events by determining which facts and frames gain prominence. In election cycles, its VoteCast data and neutral-toned dispatches serve as reference points for interpreting voter motivations, influencing punditry and narratives without direct editorializing. For sports and society intersections, AP coverage of athlete activism or changes—such as NCAA amateurism reforms—feeds into wider discussions on equity and commercialization, with its reporting cited in arguments and formation. While AP's emphasis on verifiable data positions it as a bulwark against , its selection of stories can indirectly steer toward institutionally prioritized topics, as evidenced by agenda-setting studies showing alignment between AP emphasis and online/public issue salience. This syndication reach, spanning print to digital, underscores AP's causal role in homogenizing information flows, though reliance on its outputs by downstream media amplifies any framing inconsistencies across topics.

Awards and Recognitions

Major Journalism Awards Received

The Associated Press has garnered significant recognition in journalism, most notably through the Pulitzer Prizes, which are administered by Columbia University and widely regarded as the highest honor in American journalism for excellence in reporting, photography, and editorial work. Since the prizes were established in 1917, AP has received 59 awards as of 2024, surpassing many individual news organizations in total count. This tally includes 36 Pulitzers in photography categories, reflecting AP's historical strength in visual journalism, particularly for breaking news and feature coverage of global conflicts and humanitarian crises. Notable recent wins include the 2024 awarded to the AP Photography Staff for images documenting the human toll of the Israel-Hamas war, such as photographs of grief-stricken amid destruction in Gaza. Earlier examples encompass the 2021 Pulitzer for Breaking News Photography for coverage of the pandemic's impact on and the 2018 award for explanatory reporting on South Sudan's civil war. These victories often stem from collaborative staff efforts, underscoring AP's wire service model where individual photographers and reporters contribute to syndicated content distributed globally. Beyond Pulitzers, AP has earned Peabody Awards, which recognize distinguished achievement in electronic media but occasionally extend to journalistic documentaries. In 2024, AP's "20 Days in Mariupol," a film by staffer chronicling the early Russian siege of the Ukrainian city, received a Peabody for its raw, on-the-ground footage exposing war atrocities. Historical Peabodys include a 1976 institutional award for radio reporting on "The Garden Plot: Food as a Weapon," highlighting AP's early multimedia contributions. These awards affirm AP's role in impactful storytelling, though Pulitzers remain the benchmark for its print and photographic output.

Recent Achievements (2020–2025)

The Associated Press continued its tradition of journalistic excellence by securing multiple Pulitzer Prizes between 2020 and 2023, with a total of eight awards in and categories. In 2020, AP photographers won the Feature Pulitzer for multi-country coverage documenting migrant journeys to the , highlighting perilous border crossings and humanitarian challenges. This was followed in 2021 by another Feature award for images depicting daily life amid conflict in Indian-controlled , captured by photographers Dar Yasin, Mukhtar Khan, and Channi Anand. In 2022, AP earned two Pulitzers: Feature for Emilio Morenatti's series on elderly Spaniards enduring hardships during the , and Breaking News for staff images of the U.S. response to George Floyd's death, including protests and policing. The 2023 Pulitzers included for Mstyslav , Evgeniy Maloletka, Vasilisa Stepanenko, and Lori Hinnant's on-the-ground reporting from during Russia's invasion of , exposing civilian casualties, and Breaking News for urgent visuals from the invasion's early stages. In 2024, AP received the Feature Pulitzer for photojournalism tracing migration routes from to the U.S., emphasizing personal stories of displacement. Beyond Pulitzers, AP's collaborative documentary "," produced with Frontline, garnered significant recognition in 2024, winning the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film at the 96th Oscars, the BAFTA for Best Documentary, and the DuPont-Columbia Award for its raw footage of the Ukrainian city's under Russian . At the 45th News & Documentary in 2024, AP secured two honors: one for the investigative series "Adrift" on migrant sea voyages and another for "Grand Knighthawk: Infiltrating the KKK," co-produced with ABC News Studios. The National Press Photographers Association's 2024 Best of Photojournalism contest awarded AP 14 prizes across various categories for standout visual reporting. In 2025, AP's coverage of the July 13, 2024, assassination attempt on former President earned two National Press Club journalism awards for comprehensive online and print reporting, including real-time analysis and aftermath details. Additionally, AP collaborated with Frontline and the Center for to win the Digital Journalism Best in Show at the 2025 National Headliner Awards for "Lethal Chains," an examination of failures in incarceration contexts. AP writers also claimed top honors in the 2024 Shaufler Prize for advancing understanding of underserved communities through investigative work. These accolades underscore AP's focus on high-risk, on-site reporting amid global conflicts and domestic upheavals, though the organization was named a finalist—but not winner—in the 2025 Pulitzer for .

Controversies and Criticisms

Historical Ethical Lapses (e.g., Nazi Germany Collaboration)

In the early 1930s, the Associated Press established and maintained a news bureau in Berlin amid the rise of the Nazi regime, requiring compliance with German censorship laws to sustain operations. By December 1933, AP's German staff faced pressure from the Propaganda Ministry, which demanded adherence to regulations prohibiting content that could "weaken the strength of the Reich abroad or at home." In 1934, AP formalized this by signing a contract obligating its Berlin operations to follow the Nazi "Editor's Law," effectively trading editorial independence for continued access to official sources and events. This arrangement enabled AP to supply U.S. newspapers with dispatches and photographs, but critics, including historian Harriet Scharnberg, argue it facilitated the dissemination of regime-approved narratives while omitting critical reporting on early persecutions. AP has countered that such compliance was a pragmatic necessity under duress, with its American correspondents like Louis Lochner attempting to convey underlying realities despite restrictions. As Nazi policies intensified, AP's German photo service, staffed by local employees who were German citizens subject to oversight, dismissed at least six individuals classified as Jewish by the regime between 1935 and 1938, aligning with antisemitic employment edicts. While AP assisted some in relocating to other jobs, this action reflected broader capitulation to racial laws, including the 1933 boycott of Jewish businesses and the 1935 . AP's 2017 internal historical review acknowledged these steps as efforts to preserve its presence, but noted that German staff produced images glorifying Nazi military parades and leaders, some of which appeared in both U.S. publications and Nazi propaganda outlets like Das Reich. Following U.S. entry into in December 1941, American AP personnel were expelled, halting text reporting, but the photo operation persisted via an exclusive pact with the Nazi-controlled Deutsches Nachrichtenbüro (DNB), the regime's official wire service. In late 1942, AP photo editor Paul Schutzer negotiated covert terms with SS Lieutenant Colonel Franz Goetz to license thousands of photographs from the Eastern Front, including combat scenes that omitted atrocities while emphasizing German advances; these were distributed to over 1,000 U.S. newspapers via AP until late 1944. Historians contend this deal, which bypassed Allied embargoes, inadvertently aided Nazi information control by providing curated visuals that downplayed defeats and civilian suffering. AP's review describes the arrangement as a limited photo exchange under wartime constraints, rejecting collaboration charges and emphasizing that no U.S.-based decisions endorsed Nazi .

Middle East Reporting Disputes

The Associated Press has faced significant criticism for its reliance on freelance photographers in Gaza with documented ties to , particularly during the , 2023, attack on . Israeli officials revealed that AP stringer Hassan Eslaiah, who photographed paragliders infiltrating and the abduction of German-Israeli hostage Shani Louk, had met with leader hours before the assault and posted content supporting the group. AP defended its use of such freelancers, stating there was no evidence of complicity in the attacks and that the photos were newsworthy, though it faced lawsuits alleging the imagery inflicted emotional harm on victims' families. Internal documents from 2018 showed AP had previously questioned Eslaiah's reliability due to his connections but continued employing him. Former AP Jerusalem bureau chief Matti Friedman has accused the agency of structural bias in Middle East coverage, claiming it underreports Hamas's use of civilian infrastructure for military purposes—such as firing rockets from schools and mosques—and prioritizes narratives sympathetic to Palestinians while adhering to Hamas censorship rules in Gaza. Friedman, who worked for AP from 2006 to 2011, argued that foreign media desks in Jerusalem foster an insular perspective disconnected from on-the-ground realities, leading to distorted reporting that frames Israel as the aggressor without sufficient scrutiny of Palestinian militant tactics. AP has rejected these claims, asserting its coverage reflects efforts to verify facts amid restricted access. Specific factual errors have fueled disputes, notably the October 17, 2023, Al-Ahli hospital blast in Gaza, where AP initially reported hundreds killed by an Israeli based on figures controlled by , headlining it as a major atrocity. Subsequent investigations, including U.S. intelligence and video analysis, indicated a misfired rocket caused the explosion with far fewer casualties, prompting AP and other outlets to revise or contextualize their stories without issuing formal corrections in all cases. Critics, including pro-Israel media watchdogs, highlighted this as emblematic of AP's pattern of amplifying unverified claims from -affiliated sources while slower to incorporate Israeli or independent . AP has issued numerous corrections on Gaza casualty reporting, often after challenges from groups like the Committee for Accuracy in Reporting and Analysis (CAMERA), which documented errors such as un-attributed assertions of Israeli responsibility for deaths or inflated destruction estimates without distinguishing combatants. For instance, in August 2024, AP amended stories to clarify that Gaza's reported death toll includes unidentified individuals and lacks verification of combatant status, following CAMERA's identification of over a dozen inaccuracies in a single wire report. In 2015, AP's investigation into deaths during the was criticized for methodological flaws, including reliance on -provided data and omission of evidence that many "" casualties were linked to militant activities. These incidents underscore ongoing tensions over source verification in a conflict zone where access is controlled by , with detractors arguing AP's protocols insufficiently counterbalance official Palestinian narratives. In May 2013, the U.S. Department of Justice under the Obama administration secretly obtained two months' worth of telephone records for reporters and editors at the Associated Press, covering phone lines in the AP's New York, Washington, and Hartford offices, as part of an investigation into leaks related to a Yemen bomb plot. The subpoenas, issued without prior notification to the AP, swept up records for more than 100 journalists and were criticized by the AP for their broad scope, which exceeded what was necessary for the probe and violated guidelines requiring negotiation before seeking such data. The incident prompted congressional hearings and calls for a federal shield law to protect journalists' records, highlighting tensions between national security investigations and press freedoms. The AP's conflicts escalated in the Trump administration's second term, beginning in February 2025, when the indefinitely barred AP journalists from the press pool and official events, citing the organization's refusal to adopt the term "Gulf of America" in its reporting on the body of water traditionally known as the . Karoline Leavitt stated the ban stemmed from the AP "spreading lies" through its editorial choices, framing the exclusion as a response to perceived viewpoint-based inaccuracies. The AP filed suit against Leavitt and other officials, arguing the denial violated the First Amendment by discriminating based on content and viewpoint. In April 2025, U.S. District Judge ruled in favor of the AP, ordering the to immediately restore access to the and other pool spaces, as the ban could not be justified by editorial disagreements and risked viewpoint . Despite the order, AP reporters and photographers were barred from an news conference on April 14, 2025, prompting accusations of defiance. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit denied the AP's appeal for full reinstatement in June 2025, granting the administration broad latitude in managing press access, though a panel had previously upheld aspects of the district court's decision. By October 2025, the dispute persisted, with President Trump publicly mischaracterizing the legal fight, while the AP maintained its terminology and sought further . Critics, including press freedom advocates, argued the ban undermined journalistic independence, regardless of the administration's rationale.

Allegations of Political Bias and Editorial Slant

The Associated Press has faced allegations of left-leaning political bias from conservative critics and media bias rating organizations, who argue that its reporting and style guidelines often favor progressive narratives while downplaying or framing conservative viewpoints unfavorably. Media Bias/Fact Check, which evaluates outlets based on wording, sourcing, and fact-check patterns, rates AP as left-center biased, noting instances of editorializing that align with liberal perspectives and a tendency to fact-check conservative figures more frequently than others. AllSides, drawing from blind bias surveys and community ratings, classifies AP as Lean Left overall, with Republicans rating it as Left and independents perceiving a similar slant, based on analyses of article tone and selection in coverage of political events. Specific examples include AP's 2023 reporting on a racially motivated in , where the outlet suggested Republican Governor bore responsibility through state policies on race and education, a framing criticized by conservatives as speculative blame-shifting absent direct evidence of causation. In 2024, AP's on Harvard President Claudine Gay's resignation—"Harvard president's resignation highlights new conservative weapon against colleges: "—portrayed plagiarism allegations as a partisan tool wielded by Republicans, rather than focusing primarily on the documented instances of academic misconduct, prompting backlash for minimizing the scandal's substance. AP's stylebook has also drawn accusations of embedding progressive biases, such as updates discouraging euphemisms like "racially charged" in favor of direct terms like "racist" when evidence supports it, which critics contend lowers the threshold for labeling actions as discriminatory in ways that align with left-wing activism. A 2017 critique by journalist Tom Kent, then AP's standards editor, acknowledged internal debates but faced counter-claims from conservatives that the guide censors neutral or right-leaning terminology while promoting language favored by liberals, such as in discussions of policy disputes. In February 2025, AP's refusal to update its style guide to incorporate President Trump's "Gulf of America" rebranding—leading to a White House access ban for its reporters—was decried by conservative outlets as ideological intransigence, prioritizing institutional norms over factual nomenclature changes, though AP defended it as maintaining editorial independence. These allegations persist despite AP's stated commitment to abjuring bias and distortions in its , with critics attributing any perceived neutrality to the outlet's wire service model, which disseminates to diverse audiences but allegedly filters stories through a left-leaning lens influenced by staff demographics in . Empirical surveys, such as ' 2023 blind ratings involving over 600 respondents across ideologies, reinforce perceptions of slant by showing consistent Lean Left assessments regardless of participants' self-identified politics. Conservative commentators argue this reflects broader systemic biases in , where empirical data on coverage patterns—such as disproportionate scrutiny of right-wing policies—undermine claims of objectivity.

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  163. https://www.denverpost.com/2020/01/03/caldara-the-medias-progressive-bias-has-a-propaganda-guide-the-ap-stylebook/
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